Data Science – Maths – Part - 9

9. Maths - Statistics – PART – 9

Contents
1. Parameter & statistic ......................................................................................................................... 3
2. Symbols for means and standard deviation in sample ..................................................................... 5
3. Symbols for means and standard deviation in population ............................................................... 6
4. Normal distribution ............................................................................................................................ 8
5. Few examples of normal distribution.............................................................................................. 12
6. Importance of population mean and population standards deviation .......................................... 14
7. Population mean .............................................................................................................................. 15
8. Population standard deviation ........................................................................................................ 17
9. The normal distribution ................................................................................................................... 18
10. Normal distribution formula .......................................................................................................... 20
11. 68-95-99.7 Rule............................................................................................................................... 21

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 Data Science – Maths – Part - 9

9. Maths - Statistics – PART – 9

 In this chapter we will discuss about the normal distribution and 68-95-
99.7 rule

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1. Parameter & statistic

 Parameter is a number that describes the data from a population

Statistic
 Statistic is a number that describes the data from a Sample

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Examples of Parameter & statistic

 Examples of parameter and statistic is a mean and standard deviation

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2. Symbols for means and standard deviation in sample

 Mean which is denoted as X bar in sample

 Standard deviation which is denoted as S in sample

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3. Symbols for means and standard deviation in population

 Mean which is denoted as Mu in population

 Standard deviation which is denoted as sigma in population

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Important parameters
 These are the important parameters for normal distribution

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4. Normal distribution

 A normal distribution is a special curve that is in bell shape

 This is also called as bell curve or normal curve

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 The normal distribution describes the tendency for the data cluster for
central value
 This central value is called as population mean which is always located
into the middle of the curve

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 So, for any normal distribution we can say that some,

o Few data points will fall the below the mean
o Other data points are fall above the mean
o Most the data points located into the near to the mean

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5. Few examples of normal distribution

 The normal distribution arises for many different variables,

o Exam score
o Weight
o Height
o Volume
o Blood pressure

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Exam scores
 Some may fall into left and right hand sides but most the guys falls in
average data point

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6. Importance of population mean and population standards deviation

 Both of these thing explains about how the normal distribution looks

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7. Population mean

 The population mean explains about the position of the normal

distribution

 If we increase the mean then the curve will fall over towards to the right
 If we decrease the mean then the curve will fall over towards to the left

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8. Population standard deviation

 It explains about the spread of the normal distribution

 When the spread increase then the curve gets flatter
 When the spread decrease then the curve gets taller

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9. The normal distribution

 The normal distribution is unimodel means its having single peak

 The normal curve is symmetric about its mean, the data is divided into
two equal sizes
 The parameters mean and standard deviation explains about the normal
distribution

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10. Normal distribution formula

 For any variable X, it follows the normal distribution N, enhance the

Mean with standard deviation of sigma

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11. 68-95-99.7 Rule

 In normal distribution a standard rule there

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Height example
 If we measure the heights of all students in university and found that the
normally distributed mean with height of 5.5 feet and standards
deviation 0.5, then we can construct a normal distribution as follows

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Case 1: 68%
 Within one standard deviation away from mean contains the area of
68%
o Because of this we can say, 68% of the population are falls in
between 5.5 and 6.0 of tall

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Case 2: 95%
 If we go two standard deviations away from mean contains the area of
95%
o Because of this we can say, 95% of the population are falls in
between 4.5 and 6.5 of tall

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Case 3: 99.7%
 If we go two three standard deviations away from mean contains the
area of 99.7%
o Because of this we can say, 99.7% of the population are falls in
between 4.0 and 7.0

 This rule works for any normal distribution whatever it is the size

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