SKYTREE TOWER.

TOKYO, JAPAN.
INTRODUCTION:
• Height of the tower is 634m.
• Structural designer: Nikken Sekkei
• OBA YASHI CORPORATION constructed the tower.
• Construction began in2008 and completed in February
2012 (almost 4 years).
• It is used as TV and radio broadcasting, restaurant,
shopping mall and theatre.
• Total floors : 32, It is the second last building of the world.
• It is located in Tokyo, at the Sumida river bank at west and
Arakawa river at east. Location
Antenna Tower(634m)
it is used for radio and TV broadcasting to
near by antennas.

Second Observatory(450m)
Mainly used as observatory, it is having
two decks and spiraling areal corridor around
it.

First Observatory(350m)
This is three storey observatory, having
shops, restaurant and theatres
• As it is near the river bank soil is very soft and water logging problem is also
there.
• Number of earthquakes in Japan are almost 10% of the earthquakes in the world.

Arakawa river

Sumida
river
What were the problems ?
• Height
• Earthquake
• Water Logging
• Soft soil

For this type of building they needed horizontal Rigidity.

For the foundation they need to sustain the load of tower and resist the pull
out force.
There were two ways to achieve that
1) Self weight of foundation
2) 2) Wall friction of foundation
•Anchor pile is having more
material used to increase the
weight
•More self weight
•More material is used
•Rigidity
• Less self weight
•Less material is used
•Horizontal Rigidity is achieved
•More friction is achieved

•Less friction
PILE FOUNDATIONS
A pile is basically a long cylinder of a strong material such as concrete that is
pushed into the ground to act as a steady support for structures built on top of
it.
Wall pile are basically walls instead of piles.

Pile foundations are used in the following situations:

-When there is a layer of weak soil at the surface.
-This layer cannot support the weight of the building, so the loads of the
building have to bypass this layer and be transferred to the layer of stronger
soil or rock that is below the weak layer.
-When a building has very heavy, concentrated loads, such as in a high rise
structure, bridge, or water tank.
-Pile foundations are capable of taking higher loads than spread footings.

End Bearing Piles

In end bearing piles, the bottom end of the pile rests on a layer of especially
strong soil or rock. The load of the building is transferred through the pile
onto the strong layer. In a sense, this pile acts like a column. The load
therefore bypasses the weak layer and is safely transferred to the strong layer.

Friction Piles
The pile transfers the load of the building to the soil across the full height of
the pile, by friction. In other words, the entire surface of the pile, which is
cylindrical in shape, works to transfer the forces to the soil. 
Plan

Division of the area

The site of the tower is occupied with soft ground, with the main constituent layer being silt due to the
Sumida and Arakawa rivers nearby. Therefore, the foundation of this tower is an RC continuous
underground wall pile.
CONSTRUCTION
• In order to construct a building taller than 600 m
under Japan's severe natural environment, it is
difficult to provide a plan shape at the base to
securely withstand the horizontal forces, when the
width is not necessarily sufficient.
• To solve this problem, and as a result of considering
various conditions, the plan shape at the base was
chosen to be a triangular shape.
• The Sky Tree is a tripod at ground level standing on
an equilateral triangle base with sides of 68 m (223
ft). As the tower progresses upwards its cross section
very quickly morphs from triangle to circle
(becoming a totally cylindrical tower between half
and two thirds of the way up.
• AS THE SITE SOIL TYPE IS SLIT, FOR THE
STABILITY OF TOWER THEY USED:
• 1. PILE FOUNDATION.2. CORE COLUMN
• PILE FOUNDATION:A PILE IS BASICALLY
CYLINDER OF STRONGE MATERIAL SUCH AS
CONCRETE THAT IS PUSHED IN TO THE GROUND
ACT AS A STEADY SUPPORT FOR STRUCTURE
BUILT ON IT.
• CORE COLUMN THAT'S INFLUENCED BY THE
ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY OF THE OLD BUILDING
THE 5 STORY PAGODA CENTER COLUMN.
• FOR THE OVERCOME THE JERK OF EARTHQUAKE
THEY HANG THE 12000 FT CONCRETE COLUMN
ON 6 GIANT RUBBER BEARINGS.
• AND THE STABILITY OF COLUMN IS MAINTAIN
BY THE GIANT OILED FORCED DAMPERS THAT
ARE SITUATED BETWEEN 410-1230 FT IN SERIES
THAT CONTROLLED THE MOVEMENT OF 11.000
TONE CONCRETE CORE AND THE STEEL
EXOSKELETON THROUGHOUT
Fig.1 and 2 show the two types of frame systems coexistent in the tower. One is a
lattice framework and the other is a Mega-Truss with a lattice column and girder,
the Kanae Truss shown in Fig. 2
Furthermore, the Core Column System shown in Fig. 3 is a vibration control system
for earthquakes and strong winds that was specifically developed and installed for
this tower.

2. The Kanae Truss

1. Superstructure 3.The Core Column System.

• The foundation is a vital part of any standing
structure and it sometimes built in such a way to
counter certain undesired hazards.
• Sky Tree's foundation is designed and constructed
specifically to counter the earthquake effects.
• Foundation of the Sky Tree the steel-reinforced
knuckle wall piles are driven 50m into the ground
forming at 3 triangle point sand at each point,
multiple knuckle walls are connected radially which
forms a root like shape to bind them strongly to
surrounding earth.
• Reinforced concrete walls connect these 3 points to
form a complete triangular shape driven 35m deep
under the ground.
• Within the triangle, there are steel beams piling of
2.3m in diameter and 10cm thick rigidly connected
to the tower's structure above the ground to further
enhance the rigidity of the foundation
KNUCKLE WALL
• The foundation is not built using conventional straight pole piling,
instead, walls of steel-reinforced concrete is used. On these walls,
there are spike-like protuberance across the surface which allows the
walls to hold firm and integrate to the soil underground. This
technology is called the "Knuckle Walls“.
• The tower's foundation is subjected to strong uplift and compressive
forces from winds, earthquakes, and other factors.
• The "knuckle walls" developed by Obayashi are wall-shaped piles
with nodular protuberances. These nodules solidly anchor the piles
in the ground and substantially increase their load-bearing capacity.
• Additionally, knuckle walls are highly rigid by virtue of their shape,
making them highly resistant to horizontal seismic forces.
• Knuckle walls robustly fortify the foundations of ultra-tall structures
such as TOKYO SKYTREE.
THE CORE COLUMN SYSTEM
• To control vibration, Nikken Sekkei took
inspiration from what, at first glance at least, seems
an unlikely source: the traditional five-story
Japanese pagoda.
• Over the centuries, hundreds of these wooden
structures have withstood earthquakes and
typhoons, and Nikken Sekkei claims not a single
pagoda has collapsed due to a seismic event.
• This inherent strength is thought to stem from the
fact that the central column (or shimbashira) does
not physically support any of the pagoda's stories
but instead acts as a counterweight about which the
rest of the building's structure can vibrate.
• Nikken Sekkei brought the concept up to date with
what it calls shimbashira seishin, or center column
vibration control, with the core column and
surrounding steel frame connected by a flexible oil
damper.
• Structurally, the tower was built as a
giant tree with deep roots in the ground.
• At the base, the steel tubes of 2.3
meters in diameter and 10 inches thick
trunk form the base of the structure, a
series of armor and joints branches.
• The middle column concrete is
structurally separated from the steel
structure that surrounds an earthquake-
resistant design similar to the legendary
temples pagoda.
Slipform Construction
The tower has a central-pillar structure, similar
to that of a five-story pagoda.
Slipform construction is a method of efficiently
constructing towering structures safely and with
high precision in a short period of time by
continuously placing concrete into formwork
that is raised progressively upward with jacks.
Special expertise is required for managing the
speed and accuracy of formwork elevation,
concrete mixing and pouring, and other
specifications.
THANK YOU

BY:
ROHAN KALOVARIYA-12
CHIRAG PATERL-23
MILAN PATEL-25
MANUSHI SHETH-32
UDAY SOLANKI-34