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LEARNING PACKET 01- THE only concentrated in Europe, Eastern

CONCEPT OF GLOBALIZATION Asia, and North America.
- They also note that economic activities
· Globalization are still national in origin and scope;
hence, without a truly global economic
· Rejectionist
system, there can be no globalization.
· Modifier
- Argues that globalization, as a concept,
· Skeptics
is being used to benefit the neoliberal
interests.
Globalization. Refers to geographic
dispersion of industrial and service
Modifiers. Argue that globalization is a
activities, for example research and
historically imprecise concept.
development, sourcing of inputs,
production and distribution, and the
- Wallerstein and Frank, proponents of
cross-border networking of companies,
the World Systems Theory, who argued
for example through joint ventures and
that the modern capitalist economy has
the sharing of assets.
been global since its inception.
- Wallerstein “global integration is driven
Rejectionist. Refers to the scholars who
largely by economic forces.”
dismiss the usefulness of the term
- Argue that globalizing tendencies have
“globalization”.
been proceeding along the continuum
-Craig Calhoun argues that the concept
of modernization for a long time.
is vague and it is as complex as
nationalism.
Globalization is still a much-debated
- Susan Strange refers to the concept of
concept as to its definition and scope.
globalization as a vacuous term it refers
Arguments on its definition can be
to “anything from the internet to a
divided into three groups of scholars: the
hamburger.”
rejectionists, the skeptics, and the
- Linda Meiss refers to it as a big idea
modifiers. In order to better understand
resting on slim foundations.
the concept of globalization, we should
- Holton argues that we should abandon
also understand its dimensions:
metatheory and move to
economic, political, and global.
middle-range theory.
- Stegger also argues that we should
combine social-scientific and
LEARNING PACKET 02- THE STUDY
interpretive approaches in
understanding globalization. OF GLOBALIZATION

Skeptics. Refers to the scholars who Key Points

emphasize the limited nature of the • Political Dimension
concept of globalization. • Economic Dimension
-Horster Thompson, who argues that the • Cultural Globalization
world economy is not global because it is • Ecological Dimension
• Market Globalism
• Justice Globalism
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• Religious Globalism Justice Globalism. This refers to the
ideology from the political Left contests
Definition of Terms: market globalism.

Political Dimension. (Steger) It refers to Religious Globalism. This refers to the

globalization as the intensification and ideology from the political Left contests
expansion of political interrelations market globalism.
around the world.

Economic Globalization. It refers to the

philosophy of consumerism that
encourages the acquisition of goods and
services in an increasing amount.

Cultural Globalization. It refers to the

intensification and expansion of cultural
flows across the globe.

Ecological Dimension. It refers to

worldwide environmental issues which
include population growth, access to
food, global reduction in biodiversity, the
gap between the rich and the poor,
between the global North and the global
South, human-induced climate, and
global environmental degradation.

UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHIES AND

IDEOLOGIES IN GLOBALIZATION
Ideology is defined as a system of ideas
and ideals, especially one which forms
the basis of economic or political theory
and policy.

Market Globalism. It pursues

globalization with neoliberal meanings
and free-market norms. Market
globalists promise a consumerist,
neoliberal, free- market world.
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LEARNING PACKET 04 - GLOBAL their freedom by common international
INTERSTATE SYSTEM principles.
Guiseppe Mazzini (1805 – 1872)
The Global Interstate System. Also nationalism and international
known as “world systems,” global cooperation complemented each other.
interstate systems are interactions He believed that cooperation among
between or among countries based on nation-states is essential.
the policies and partnerships that their Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924) believes
heads of state have agreed upon. This is that nations were subject to the
not limited to economic transactions, universal laws of God that could be
but encompasses all interactions discovered through reason. The principle
between and among citizens from of self- determination, democratic
different nations. government, collective security,
international law, and a league of nations
Modern Global Interstate System. in the concept of
- operates politically on the premise internationalism.
that all states are equal regardless
if they are allies or rivals. Globalism emerged as an attitude that
- described as multicentric, the seeks to understand all the
opposite of hegemonic, because it interconnections of the modern world
is a system of independent states and to highlight patterns that underlie
that formed relationships with one them. It pursues to describe and explain
another, instead of a single entity a world that is characterized by a
united under one leader.moving network of connections that span
- past the outdated notion that multi-continental distance. Is an
some religions, races, social ideology anchored on the belief that
classes, and/or genders are people, goods, and information ought to
superior to others. be able to cross national borders
unstrained.
The Difference of Internationalism and
Globalism Interstate System. Refers to a system for
international relations that deals with
Internationalism is basically anchored the government or states and their
on the opinion that nationalism should authorities
be outrun because links that bind people
of different countries are more powerful Internationalism. Is political, economic,
than those that disconnect them (Anora and cultural cooperation among
2014). countries.
Immanuel Kant (1795) stated that
agreements among nations must be
reached. The idea of liberal
internationalism proposes that nations
must give up their freedom and submit
to a larger system of laws that embodies
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Learning Packet 05 - Contemporary
Global Governance
Definition of Terms:
Governance. It refers to structures and
processes that are designed to ensure
accountability, transparency,
responsiveness, rule of law, stability,
equity and inclusiveness, empowerment,
and broad-based participation.
Globalization is focused on the rapid
expansion and intensification of social
relations across world time and space
(Steger, 2013)
Regionalization the latter is part of
globalization.
United Nations. It is an
intergovernmental organization aiming
to maintain international peace and
security, develop friendly relations
among nations, achieve international
cooperation, and be a center for
harmonizing the actions of nations. The
United Nations is composed of 193
member states with 2 countries as
observers namely: Vatican and Palestine.
● The Six Main Organs
○ 1. The General Assembly
○ 2. The Security Council
○ 3. The Trusteeship Council
○ 4. The Economic and Social
Council
○ 5. The International Court of
Justice
○ 6. The Secretariat
The Treaty of Westphalia. It is regarded
as a key step in the development of
tolerance and secularization across the
world. It also strengthened nations since
they could now enter into foreign
alliances and decide important matters,
such as peace and war.
International Relations. It is the study of
the relations of states with each other
and with international organizations and
certain subnational entities (e.g.,
bureaucracies, political parties, and
interest groups).
Diplomatic Relations. It refers to the
relationship between two countries in
which they send diplomats to work in
each other's country. establish/break off
diplomatic relations
International Actors. It include states,
organizations and individuals that are
not affiliated with, directed by, or funded
through the government. These include
corporations, private financial
institutions, and NGOs, as well as
paramilitary and armed resistance
groups.
The International Actors
● States
● International Organizations
● Civil Society
●Marketc (Global
Corporations/Industries)
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Learning Packet 6: Asian Regionalism

Asian Financial Crisis. The Asian

Key Points: financial crisis was a period of financial
• Decoupling crisis that happened in East Asia and
• Regionalism Southeast Asia beginning in July 1997
• Regionalization and raised fears of a worldwide
• Tiger Economies economic meltdown.
• Patrimonialism
• Asian Financial Crisis Hollywoodization. To make (someone or
• Hollywoodization something, such as an author or his or
• K-wave her writings) conform to standards set
• Open Regionalism up by the American motion- picture
industry does not believe that the author
Definition of Terms: can be completely Hollywoodized— A. A.
VanDuym
Decoupling. separate, disengage, or
dissociate (something) from something Open Regionalism. It involves economic
else. integration without discrimination
against economies outside the region.
Regionalism. It refers to formal (Garnaut, 1994)
economic cooperation and economic
arrangements of a group of countries K-wave. The Korean wave is the increase
aimed at facilitating or enhancing in global popularity of South Korean
regional integration. culture since the 1980s. First driven by
the spread of K-dramas and K- pop
Regionalization. The growth of societal across East, Southeast and South Asia.
integration within a given region,
including the undirected processes of
social and economic interaction among
the units.

Tiger Economies. A tiger economy is a

term used to describe several booming
economies in Southeast Asia.
● East Asia are called the tiger
economies, namely Singapore,
Hong Kong, South Korea, and
Taiwan.

Patrimonialism is a form of governance

in which all power flows directly from the
leader.
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Learning Packet 4 Global Divides: North
and South
Global North. It is mostly correlated with
the Western world and the First World.
● Generally, the Global North
include the G8 countries, the
United States, Canada, all member
states of the European Union,
Israel, Japan, Singapore, South
Korea, as well as Australia and
New Zealand and four of the five
permanent members of the
United Nations Security Council,
excluding China.
● The North is mostly correlated
with the Western world and the
First World, plus much of the
Second World.
● The North of the Divide comprises
countries which have developed
economies and account for over
90% of all manufacturing
industries in the world. Although
these countries account for only
one-quarter of the total global
population, they control 80% of
the total income earned around
the world.
Global South. It is an emerging term
used by the World Bank to refer to low-
and middle-income countries located in
Asia, Africa, Latin America and the
Caribbean.
● including the Middle East, and is
home to the BRIC countries
(excluding Russia): Brazil, India,
and China, which, along with
Indonesia, are the largest
Southern states.
● important characteristic of
countries in the South is the
relatively low GDP and the high
population. Lack of basic
amenities. As little as 5% of the
population is able to access basic
needs such as food and shelter.
● The Problem of Global Inequality
o Social Differentiation – a process in
which people are set apart for
differential treatment by virtue of their
statuses, roles, and other social
characteristics.
o Social Inequality – a condition in which
people have unequal wealth, power, and
prestige. (e.g., The people in the global
south)
o Based on GDP per capita, the nations
of the world can be divided into three
major strata: the core, the
semi-periphery, and the periphery:
❖ The Core
▪ Nations that compromise the core are
mostly in the global north such as, U.S.,
Germany, France, Australia, U.K., France,
the Scandinavia, etc
▪ Also, South Korea and Japan are
included even though they are in Global
South because of the GNP per capita.
❖ Semi-periphery
▪ Nations such as Saudi Arabia, Brazil,
and Taiwan, are comparable to the
middle class. They are moving toward
industrialization.
❖ Periphery
▪ Poor nation such as Haiti, Bangladesh,
Ethiopia that resemble the lower and
working classes. They are poor and
powerless.
Brandt Line. a way of visualizing the
world that highlights the disparities and
inequalities between the wealthy North
and the poorer global South.