Rej

epal
yNazar
ow, MaýaŞyhyýewa,Al
eksandr
aGur banowa,
Ogul
orazSaparowa,Al
tynGurbanowa

IŇLIS D ILI
Umumy
bil
i
m ber
ýänor
tamekdepl
eri
ňXsy
npyüçi
nokuwki
taby

Tür
kmeni
stany
ňBi
l
im mi
nist
rl
igi
t
arapy
ndanhödür
leni
l
di

Aşgabat-2022
Uni
t1.
MYFAMI
LYANDME

Lesson1. Gr
ammarRev
isi
on.Ar
ti
clesi
nphr
ases

Ex.
1.Compl
etet
hest
oryaboutAman.Adj
ect
iveoradv
erb.

1.Amani
sa…l
ear
ner
.
a) qui
ck b)qui
ckl
y
2.Hei
sal
way
sver
y….

a)pol
i
tel
y b)pol
i
te

3.Amanbehav
es…i
ncl
assandathome.

a)good b)wel
l

4.Hedr
aws….Hegoest
oar
tschool
.

a)beaut
if
ul b)beaut
if
ull
y

5.Amanhasa…l
i
ttl
esi
ster
.

a)wonder
ful b)wonder
ful
l
y

6.Amancr
ossest
hest
reet.
...

a)car
eful
l
y b)car
eful

2.Usethecompar
ati
vef
ormsoft
headv
erbsi
ntheBoxt
ocompl
etet
he
sent
ences.

Sl
owl
y,f
ast
,lat
e,har
d,good,
beaut
if
ul,
clear

1.Wal
k…,
please.I
’
mti
red.Ican’
twal
k….

2.Ni
ckr
an…t
hant
heot
her
s.Sohewast
hel
astt
ocome.

3.Geor
geli
vesnotf
arf
rom t
heschool
,butheof
tencomes…t
hanal
lhi
s
cl
assmat
es.
 4.Whatdoy
out
hinkoft
het
est
?–Oh,
it…t
hant
hepr
evi
ousone.

5.Doy
our
eal
l
ythi
nkIcan’
twasht
hecar…enough?

6.Thi
shousei
ssmal
l
,butAnnhasdecor
atedi
t…

7.Mar
ydoesn’
tspeak….Iof
tenhav
etr
oubl
eunder
standi
ngher
.

8.Far
m wor
ker
shav
etowor
k…dur
ingt
hehar
vest
.

3.St
udyt
hef
oll
owi
ngchar
t.Mi
ndt
hechanges.
Di
rectspeech Repor
tedspeech

Marysai
d:“
Iti
sacustom i
nourf
ami
l
yto Mar
ysaidt
hatitwasacust
om inthei
r
putupaNewYeartr
ee.” f
amil
ytoputupaNewYeartree.

(
thepr
esentsi
mpl
etense) (
thepastsi
mpl
etense)

Marysai
d:“
I’
m goi
ngt
oshowy
oumy Marysai
dthatshewasgoi
ngt
oshow
pr
esent.
” hi
m herpr
esent.

(t
hepr
esentpr
ogr
essi
vet
ense) (
thepastpr
ogr
essi
vet
ense)

Marytol
dJimthathehadn’
tspoken
abouti
tthedaybef
ore.
Marysai
dt oJim:“Youdi
dn’
tspeak
abouti
tyester
day
.”

(
thepastper
fectt
ense)

(
thepastsi
mpl
etense)

Remembert
hev
ocabul
arychangesi
nRepor
tedspeech.

Di
rectSpeech I
ndi
rectspeech

y
est
erday t
hedaybef
ore

t
oday t
hatday

t
omor
row t
henextday
,thef
oll
owi
ngday

ago bef
ore

l
astweek/
year t
heweekbef
ore,
they
earbef
ore
 t
his/
these t
hat
/those

her
e t
her
e

4.Changet
hesent
encesi
ntoRepor
tedSpeech.Begi
nyoursent
encewi
th“
He
sai
dthat
…”

1.Ihopet
opasst
heexam.
2.Imadenomi
stakesi
nmyessay
.
3.Ihav
en’
treadmanyEngl
i
shbooks.
4.Idon’
tfeel
tir
ed.
5.Mybr
othergoest
obedear
ly.
6.Ihav
elostmypen.
7.Mypar
ent
smar
ri
edt
went
yyear
sago.
8.Iwasa9-
thgr
adest
udentl
asty
ear
.
9.Ourcl
asswi
l
lpr
esentourpr
ojectwor
ktomor
row.
10. Johnwi
l
lhav
eabi
rt
hdaypar
tyt
hisev
eni
ng.

5.Pr
eposi
ti
onsofposi
ti
on.

Weuse“
at”mai
nlywi
th:

- publ
i
cpl
aces; att
heai
rpor
t,att
hebusst
op.

- addr
esses; at25,
KemineStr
eet
,at10,
Downi
ngSt
reet
.
ataconcer
t,att
hemeet
ing,
att
he
- ev
ent
s. par
ty.

Weuse“
in”mai
nlywi
th:

-l
argear
eas; i
nAsi
a,i
nEur
ope,
int
hePaci
fi
c.
 -t
owns; i
nWashingt
on,
inAshgabat
,in
Moscow.
i
nthel
i
ving-
room,
int
heki
tchen.
-r
ooms;
i
nthest
reet
,int
hepar
k,i
nthe
-out
sidear
eas.
gar
den.

Weuse“
on”t
osay
:

-
somet
hingi
sont
hesur
face. ont
het
abl
e,ont
heway
.
-day
soft
heweekandmont
hs. onMonday,
onSunday
,ont
he1-
st
ofSept
ember.
onthebus,onthetrai
n,ont
he
-meansoft
ranspor
t
pl
ane,ontheship.

Ar
ti
cles:

Mi
ndt
heabsenceoft
hear
ti
clei
n:

a)athome,
atschool
,atwor
k,atcol
l
ege.
b)i
nbed,
inhospi
tal
.
6.Completet
hesent
enceswi
thappr
opr
iat
epr
eposi
ti
onsofposi
ti
onwher
e
necessar
y.

1.Theat
hlet
ewonamedal
___
__t
heOl
ympi
cs.

2.TheOl
ympi
cswer
ehel
d__
___i
nEur
ope.

3.I
ntheaf
ter
noont
hebosswi
l
lbe_
___
___headof
fi
ce.

4.Ourmat
hteacherl
i
ves_
___
__25,
King’
sRoad.

5.Usi
ngmobi
l
ephones_
___
__t
hepl
anesi
spr
ohi
bit
ed.

6.St
udent
sdon’
thav
ecl
asses_
___
_Sunday
s.

7.If
ir
stsawt
hatf
il
m st
ar_
___
___
_aconcer
t.

8.Wekneweachot
her_
___
__school
.

9.Imethi
m qui
tebychance_
___
_thewayt
oschool
.
 10._
___
__Asi
aol
dcust
omsar
ebei
ngr
evi
ved.

11.Intheear l
yaf
ternoonEngli
shpeopl
eusual
lyhavecupsoftea____
f
act
oriesand
off
ices.
12.Intheear l
yaf
ternoontheEngl
ishpeopl
eusual
lyhavewhattheycal
l‘
tea
f
or
mot herandchi
ldren__
_ _
_home.’

Lesson2. Fami
l
ytr
adi
ti
ons.Fami
l
yhol
i
day
s
 1.Di
scusswi
thy
ourcl
assmat
e.
1.Tel
laboutsomef
ami
l
ytr
adi
ti
onsi
nyourf
ami
l
y.

2.Whatar
ethebestf
ami
l
yhol
i
daypl
acesi
nyourr
egi
on?

3.Howdoy
oupl
any
ourf
ami
l
yhol
i
day
?

4.Wher
edoy
ougof
ory
ourf
ami
l
yhol
i
day
?

5.Whatdoy
oudot
her
e?

2.Li
stenandsay
.
Never
theless,
resor
ts,
abr
oad,
escape,
gloomy
,agent
,package,
incl
ude,
f
li
ght
,scatt
ered.

3.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.

Never
thel
ess,
resor
ts,
abr
oad,
escape,
gloomy
,agent
,package,
incl
ude,
fli
ght
,
scat
ter
ed.

4.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.

nev
ert
hel
ess–i
nspi
teoft
hat
.

r
esor
t–apl
acewher
eal
otofpeopl
egot
oonhol
i
day
.

abr
oad–i
nort
oanot
hercount
ry.

escape–t
omanaget
ogetawayf
rom apl
acewher
eyoudonotwantt
obe.

gl
oomy–(
ofweat
her
)dar
kinawayt
hatmakesy
ouf
eel
sad.

agent–aper
sonwhosej
obi
stodobusi
nessf
oracompany
.

packagehol
i
day–ahol
idaythatisorgani
zedbyacompanyf orf
ixedpr
ice
t
hati
ncludesthecostoftrav
el,
hot
els,
etc.
.

i
ncl
ude–t
ocont
aint
ohav
easonepar
t.

scat
ter
ed–spr
eadov
eral
argear
ea.

5.Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
thact
ivev
ocabul
aryf
rom t
heexer
ciseabov
e.

1.I
twasacol
dday
.__
___
___
_,mor
epeopl
ecamet
hanwehadexpect
ed.
 2.Ourcompany
’s_
___
__i
nLondonwi
l
lmeett
het
our
ist
satt
heai
rpor
t.

3.Mr
.Br
ownof
tengoes_
___
___
_onbusi
ness.

4.Mymot
herhasnev
erbeen_
___
___
_.

5.Twochi
l
drenmanagedt
o__
___
___
__f
rom t
hebur
ningbui
l
ding.

6.Thepr
iceoft
hehol
i
day_
___
___
___t
hef
li
ght
,thehot
elandcarhi
re.

7.Thespaceshi
pcr
ew_
___
___
___onewomenaswel
l
.

8.Ther
eisani
ceseasi
de_
___
__ont
heCaspi
anSea.Ir
ecommendt
hat

st
rongl
y.

9.Ther
ewi
l
lbesunnyi
nter
val
swi
th_
___
___
__shower
stoday
.

6.Readt
het
ext
.

FAMI
LYTRADI
TIONSANDFAMI
LYHOLI
DAYS

Famil
yt radi t
ionsandf amilyhol i
dayshav emuchi ncommont hewor ld
over.Nev ert
heless,i nBritainpeopl edonotv isitmember soft hef amilyasof ten
ast heyonceusedt o. Member sofaf ami l
y– gr andparents,aunt s,uncl es,
cousins-seel essofeachot herthantheyusedt o.Nowaday stheBr iti
shpeopl e
mov eawayf r
om homei nsear chofwor kandi tisnotsoeasyt opayf ami lyvisits
whent hefami lyisscat tered.Soi tisoneoft hegr eatchangesi nfami l
yl if
ei n
Bri
tain.
Inthepastt heBr i
tishpeopl eusedt ospendt heirsummerhol idaysat
Bri
ti
shr esort
s,butnowaday smor ef amil
iespr efertogoabr oad.Spai ni sa
popularholidaycount rywitht heBr i
ti
shpeopl e.
Acampi nghol i
dayi sof tenthecheapestandeasi estkindofhol iday sf or
afami lywithchi ldrenandmanyBr it
ishpeopl echooset his.Somef ami l
i
est r
yt o
haveawi nterhol idayabr oadt oescapet hegl oomyBr i
ti
shweat her.Thehot els
andt ravelagentsi nmanyr esortsoffercheaperpackagehol idays, whichi nclude
afli
ghtandst ayingi nahot el.

7.Sayt
rueorf
alse.

1.Nowaday
sBr
it
ishpeopl
evi
sitmember
soft
hef
ami
l
yver
yof
ten.T F

2.I
nthepastt
heBr
it
ishpeopl
eusedt
ospendt
hei
rsummerhol
i
day
s
 atBr
it
ishr
esor
ts. TF

3.Cur
rent
lyBr
it
ishf
ami
l
iespr
efert
ogoabr
oad. TF

4.Fr
ancei
sapopul
arhol
i
daycount
ryf
ort
heBr
it
ish. TF

5.Campi
nghol
i
day
sar
ethecheapest
. TF

6.Somef
ami
l
ieshav
eawi
nterhol
i
dayabr
oadt
oescapet
hegl
oomy

Br
it
ishweat
her
. T F

7.Thehot
elsandt
rav
elagent
sinmanyr
esor
tsof
fercheaperpackage

hol
i
day
s,whi
chi
ncl
udeaf
li
ghtandst
ayi
ngi
nahot
el. TF

8.Answert
hequest
ions.

1.Havefami
l
ytr
adi
ti
onsandf
ami
l
yhol
i
day
smuchi
ncommont
hewor
ld
over
?

2.Dopeopl
einBr
it
ainv
isi
tmember
soft
hef
ami
l
yver
yof
ten?

3.Whomov
esawayf
rom homei
nsear
chofwor
k?

4.Wher
edoBr
it
ishpeopl
espendt
hei
rhol
i
day
s?

5.Whati
sthepopul
arhol
i
daycount
rywi
thBr
it
ishpeopl
e.

6.What
’sgoodaboutcampi
nghol
i
day
s?

7.HowdoBr
it
ishpeopl
espendt
hei
rwi
nterhol
i
day
s?

8.Whatdot
rav
elagent
sdo?

9.Makeupal
i
stoff
ami
l
yhol
i
day
sorf
est
ivi
ti
esi
nyourcount
ry.

10.Descr
ibeahol
i
dayi
nyourf
ami
l
y.
Lesson3. Soci
alcust
oms.Recei
vi
ngguest
s

1.Li
stenandsay
.
Soci
alcust
oms,humanv al
ues,tr
adi
ti
on,v
irtue,
hospi
tal
i
ty,
hospi
tabl
e,
nei
ghbor
,nei
ghbor
li
ness,
fri
endl
y,fr
iendl
i
ness,community
.

2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.
Cust
om,
val
ues,
vir
tue,
communi
ty,
hospi
tal
i
ty,
hospi
tabl
e.

3.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.
Cust
om –awayofbehav
ingwhi
chi
sapar
ti
cul
arpeopl
eorsoci
etyhas

hadf
oral
ongt
ime.

Val
ues–bel
i
efaboutwhati
sther
ightorwr
ongwayf
orpeopl
etobehav
e,

mor
alpr
inci
ples.

Vi
rt
ue–behav
iorwhi
chshowshi
ghmor
alst
andar
ds,
agoodqual
i
tyor

habi
t.

Communi
ty–agr
oupofpeopl
ewhol
i
vei
napar
ti
cul
arpl
ace.

Hospi
tal
i
ty–l
ooki
ngaf
terguest
sandbei
ngf
ri
endl
yandwel
comi
ng

t
owar
dst
hem.

Hospi
tabl
e-f
ri
endl
yandki
ndt
ovi
si
tor
s.

4.Compl
etet
hesent
encesbel
owusi
ngt
hewor
dsi
ntheBox.

Cust
om,
val
ues,
vir
tue,
communi
ty,
hospi
tabl
e,

1.Accor
dingtol
ocal_
___
___
_peopl
evi
si
tthei
rfr
iendsandr
elat
ionson
thi
shol
iday
.
2.Theongoi
ngr
efor
msi
nthecount
ryshowt
hatpeopl
ear
eret
urni
ngt
o
 t
radi
ti
onal
___
___
___
_.
3.Pat
iencei
sagr
eat_
___
___
_.
4.Themanmadeaspeechonbehal
fofhi
s__
___
___
.
5._
___
___
__peopl
ear
ever
yfr
iendl
yandki
ndt
ovi
si
tor
s.
6.Amer
icanshav
ether
eput
ati
onofbei
ngv
ery_
___
___
_peopl
e.
7.Youngpeopl
esomet i
meshaveacompl
etel
ydi
ff
erent_
___
___as
compar
edtooldergener
ati
ons.

5.Mat
cht
heopposi
tewor
dsf
rom col
umnsAandB.
A B

Vi
rt
ue I
nhospi
tabl
e

Fr
iendl
y Host
il
e

Hospi
tabl
e Host
il
it
y

Fr
iendshi
p v
ice

unf
ri
endl
y

r
ich poor

6.For
m adj
ect
ivesf
rom t
hewor
dsbel
ow.Uset
heaf
fi
xesgi
veni
ntheBox.

- abl
e,-
in,
-ly
,-ous,
-i
le

Fr
iend,
val
ue,
vir
tue,
host
,eat
,ri
ch,
saf
e.

7.Readt
het
ext
.

Soci
alcust
oms.Recei
vi
ngguest
s.
 Mostnat
ionsshar
ecommonhumanvalues:hospi
tal
i
ty,nei
ghbor
li
nessand
f
ri
endl
i
nesstostr
anger
s.Theyar
ecal
l
edsocialcust
oms.

Traditionofhospit
ali
tyisav eryimportanthumanv alue.Hospit
ali
tymeans
l
ookingaf terguest
sandbei ngfriendlyandwel comingtowar dsthem.Tur kmen
peoplear ev er
yhospitabl
e,t heyar ev er
yki ndandf ri
endlytov i
sit
ors.People
enj
oyv isit
ingeachot heronhol iday sorday -of
fs.Ashor tvi
sittoaTur kmen’s
homeusual lyst
art
swi thhav i
ngacupofgr eentea.Ifyoust ayl
ongery ouare
suretobeser vedadel i
ciousTur kmenpi lafandot herniceti
es.Thehost sare
ext
remel yhappytopleaset heguest s.

Relati
onshi
pofnei ghboursisalsooneoft hemostbeaut i
fultr
aditi
ons.We
sharewi t
hourneighbour saspecifi
cpl ace.Thenei ghbour saffectourl
ife,our
futur
e.Weshoul dalway shavewar mr elationshipwi thournei ghbours,because
theymakeupapar tofourl i
fe.Goodnei ghbour lyrelationsunifypeopleandmake
upst r
ongcommuni t
ies.Ourdoor sareal way sopent oourneighbor sandwe
enjoyvisi
ti
ngeachot her.Atsomepoi nty ourr elat
ionsmi ghtbef arawaybuty our
neighbourisalwaysthere,besideyou.Bei ngf r
iendlyi sav i
rt
uet hatmanynat ions
valuehighlyandexpectfrom neighborsandst ranger s.

It
’smystrongbeli
efthatsomeonewhodoesnotknowhisnei
ghbourdoes
notknowhi
speopl e.Iti
snotbychancethatEur
opeanssay
”Loveyour
nei
ghbourl
ikeyoursel
f.”

8.Sayt
rueorf
alse.

1.Mostnat
ionsshar
ecommonhumanv
alues. T F
2.Tur
kmenpeopl
erar
elyv
isi
teachot
heronhol
i
day
s. T F

3.Tur
kmenpeopl
eenj
oygoodnei
ghbour
lyr
elat
ions. T F

4.Bei
ngf
ri
endl
yisav
irt
uet
hatmanynat
ionsv
alue. T F

5.Goodnei
ghbour
lyr
elat
ionsuni
fypeopl
eandmake
upstr
ongcommuniti
es. T F

9.Readt
het
extandanswert
hecompr
ehensi
onquest
ions.

1.Whatar
ethecommonv
aluesshar
edbymostnat
ions?

2.Whatdoy
out
hinkoft
het
radi
ti
onofhospi
tal
i
ty?
 3.Whati
sther
elat
ionsofnei
ghbour
sfory
ou?

4.Doyouagreethat‘
Someonewhodoesn’
tknowhi
snei
ghbor
doesnotknowhispeopl
e’
?

5.Whati
ssoci
alcust
oms?

6.Howdoy ouunder
standt
hesay
ing”Lov
eyournei
ghbourl
i
ke
your
sel
f.
”?

10.Doy
ouagr
eeordi
sagr
ee?

Peaceemer
gesoutofuni
on.
I
fyournei
ghborspeakshar
shl
y,y
oushoul
dbet
oler
ant
.
Shar
ingi
scar
ing.

11.Tr
ytof
indTur
kmen/
Russi
an/Engl
i
shequi
val
ent
sfort
hef
oll
owi
ng.

Di
vi
deandr
ule.
Goňşygoňşy
ňgör
ki.
Goňşy
ňygoňşy
dansor
a.
Lesson4. Gi
vi
ngapr esent
.Wri
ti
ngapost
car
d.
Pr
ojectwork

1.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Hav
eyour
ecei
vedmanygi
ft
sony
ourbi
rt
hday
?

2.Whatwast
hebestgi
fty
ouhav
egot
?

3.Whatwast
hef
unni
estgi
fty
ouhav
egot
?

4.Whatwasf
unnyabouti
t?

5.Whopr
esent
edi
ttoy
ou?

6.Whatgi
ftwoul
dyoul
i
ket
ogetmost
?

7.Doy
oul
i
kebooksasagi
ft
?Ar
eyouabook-
wor
m?

2.Li
sten,
sayandt
ranscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
Receiv
e,gener
ous,
lav
ish,
ext
rav
agant
,gr
aduat
ion,
anni
ver
sar
y,
out
ri
ght,bunch.

3.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.
Recei
ve–t
ogetort
oacceptst
hthatsbsendsorgi
vest
oyou.
Gener
ous–happyt
ogi
vemor
ethanusual
 Lav
ish–l
argei
namountornumber
,toomuch,
expensi
ve.
Ext
rav
agant–mor
ethanusual
,tr
ueornecessar
y.
Gr
aduat
ion–theactofsuccessf
ull
ycompl
eti
ngst
udi
esatahi
gh
school
orauniversi
ty.
Anni
ver
sar
y–adaythatisexact
lyayearoranumberofy
ear
s
af
teraspeci
aloranimport
antevent
.
Out
ri
ght–openanddi
rect
.
Bunch–anumberoft
hingsoft
hesamet
ype,
fast
enedor
gr
owing
t
oget
her
.
4.Complet
ethesent
enceswi
thact
ivev
ocabul
aryf
rom t
heexer
cise
abov
e.
1.Itwasver
y__
___
___
___
ofy
out
ohel
puswhenwewer
ein
need.
2.Heboughthera_
___
___
_off
lower
s.
3.Ourcount
rywi
l
lsooncel
ebr
atean_
___
___
___
_oft
he
Independence.
4.Hisstyl
eofclot
hingl
ooks_
___
___
___
___
_andout
-of
-dat
e.
5.Twoweekagoweat
tendedoursi
ster
’s_
___
___
___
_fr
om
ahi
ghschool
.
6.I_
___
___
___al
ett
erf
rom anol
dfr
iendl
astweek.
7.Shewasal
way
s__
___
___
__wi
thherpr
esent
s.

5.Makeupcol
locati
onsmatchi
ngwor
dsf
rom col
umnsAandB.
Wri
tet
hem i
ny ournot
ebook.
A B
Gener
ous
 Out
ri
ght
Lav
ish
Ex
trav
agant gi
ft
Bi
rt
hday
Anni
ver
sar
y
Gr
aduat
ion pr
esent
Weddi
ng
Af
arewel
l

6.Readthetextandber
eadyt
oanswert
hecompr
ehensi
on
quest
ions.

Gi
vi
ngapr
esent
Giving orreceiv
ing presentsisacommont radi
ti
onwor ldwide.
Peopl eusuallygi
v eorreceivepresentsonspecialday sli
keabi r
thday,
anniversary,weddingday ,NewYear ’sDayandot hercelebrati
onsand
festi
viti
es.I nsomecount ri
esguest sareal waysexpect edt oarriv
e
bearinggi f
tsforthehost .Thesegift
smosti ncludechocol ates,candy,
fl
ower s orcake.Gi vi
ng a pr esentt o somebody we show our
fri
endliness,goodwi l
landaf f
ecti
onf orhim/her .Receivinggi f
tsi s
somet hingev er
yoneenj oys.Butmanypeopl eenj oygivi
nggi ftseven
mor ethanr ecei
vingthem.
Sodif
ferentcountri
eshav egotdiff
erentgif
tgi
ving-
tradi
ti
ons.I
n
mostcountri
esf l
owersar econsider
edtobet hebestgift
.Thinkofa
bunchofbeauti
fulredgardenroses.Cantherebeany
thingbett
er?
Ipersonall
yli
ket
o gi
veorto getbooksasagi
ft.I
t’
sreal
l
y
meaningf
ultome.Iam abookwor
m.Abooki sagi
fty
oucanopen
agai
nandagai n.
 Phr
asesf
ort
hankf
ulnessandappr
eci
ati
onf
ort
hegi
ft
.

 Thanky
ou!
 That
’ssoki
nd!
 Thanks,
thi
sreal
l
ymeansal
ott
ome.
 Wow,
whatagr
eatgi
ft
!
 Youar
esot
hought
ful
!
 Thanky
ouf
ort
hinki
ngofme!

7.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Whendopeopl
eusual
l
ygi
veorr
ecei
vegi
ft
s?
2.Whatki
ndofgi
ft
sdopeopl
eusual
l
ygi
ve?
3.Whydopeopl
egi
vegi
ft
s?
4.Whatdoy
oul
i
kemor
e:gi
vi
ngorr
ecei
vi
nggi
ft
s?
5.What
’st
hebestgi
ftf
ory
ou?
6.Whatdoy
out
hinkofbooksasagi
ft
?

8.Descr
ibet
hebestgi
ftorpr
esenty
ouhav
erecei
ved.Youshoul
d
say
:

 Whatt
hegi
ftwas;
 Whogav
eitt
oyou;
 Wheny
our
ecei
vedi
t;
 Whyi
tissodeart
oyou.

9.Commentont
hepr
over
b.Doy
ouagr
ee?
 Don’
tlookt
hegi
fthor
sei
nthemout
h.

10. Pairupandt
alkwi
thy
ourpart
neronwhatgi
ftsy
ougotl
ast
bi
rt
hday.Her
ear
esomehelpquest
ionsf
oryou.
1.Whenwasi
tyourl
astbi
rt
hday
?
2.Di
dyouhav
eapar
ty?
3.Howbi
gwasi
t?
4.Di
dyougetmanypr
esent
s?
5.Whatwast
hebestonel
i
ke?

11. Ar
eyougoodatmaki
nghomemadepr
esent
s?
Mostkidsl ovetomakehomemadepr esent
sforthei
rfr
iends
andfamil
y.Thinkaboutasimplegi
ftyoucouldgivet
omaket hem
smil
e.Itdoesn’thavetobesomet hi
ngyoubuy .Youcouldmake
somethi
ngf orthem.Youcoul
dwr i
tethem alett
eroracard.Now
makeithappen!Youcandoiti
ngroupsof2or3.

12. Wr
it
ingapost
car
d.
Apostcardisatypeofinf
ormallet
terwri
tt
enonacardand
containi
ngashor tmessage.Postcar
dshaveapict
ureononesi
deand
areusuallysentwit
houtanenvelope.Hereisasample:

DearJer
en,
Thanky ouforyourpostcard.Itwassoni cetohearfrom
you.Holidaysarecomi ng.We’ r
egoingtoAwaza.I t
‘sagreat
placeforahol i
day.Wewer et heretheyearbefor
e.Weusedt o
l
iveinaf antast
ichotel.Inthemor ningsIusedtoplaytenni
s.
I
nt heafternoonsIusedt ogoswi mmi ng.
13.Proj k.Gi
ectWor ft
-gi
vi
ngt
radi
ti
onsi
nyourcount
ry.Don’
tfor
gett
o
i
ncl
ude:
1.Whendoy
ougi
vegi
ft
s?
2.Whom doy
ougi
vegi
ft
s?
3.Whatki
ndofgi
ft
sdoy
ouusual
l
ygi
ve?
Uni
t2.
APERSONDAYBYDAY

Lesson1. Moder
nway
sofli
fe.St
ruct
ureusedt
o.
Art
icl
eswit
hnouns

1.Li
stenandr
epeat
.

moderni
zation,
evoluti
on,development
,useful
ness,
adv
antage,communi cati
on,managementoft i
me,
adv
erse,ef
fectent
, ert
ainment,consi
der
able,i
mpact

2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hewor
dsandr
eadt
hem
moder
nizat
ion _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

ev
olut
ion _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

usef
ulness _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

adv
ant
age_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
 communi
cat
ion _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

managementoft
ime _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

adv
erse _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

ef
fect _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

ent
ert
ainment _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

consi
der
abl
e _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

i
mpact _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

3.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.

moder
nizat
ion t
hecondi
ti
onofbei
ngnewandmoder
n.

ev
olut
ion t
hegr
adual
dev
elopmentofsomet
hingov
ermany

y
ear
s,f
rom si
mpl
etomor
ecompl
i
cat
ed.

dev
elopment t
heprocessofproduci
ngorcr
eat
ingsomet
hingnew,
mor
eadv anced.

usef
ulnesst
hef
actofbei
ngusef
ulorpossi
blet
ouse.

adv
ant
ageat
hingthathel
psy out
obebet
terormor
e
successf
ul.

communi
cat
ion t
heact
ivi
tyorpr
ocessofexpressi
ngi
deasand
f
eel
i
ngsorgi
vingpeopl
einfor
mation

managementoft
ime t
heactofr
unni
ngandcont
rol
l
ingt
ime

adv
erse unpl
easantandnegat
ive
 ef
fect ar
esul
t

ent
ert
ainment f
il
ms,
mov
ies,
musi
c,et
c.usedt
oamusepeopl
e

consi
der
abl
e gr
eati
namount
,si
ze,
impor
tance

i
mpact t
hepower
ful
eff
ect

4.Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
tht
hewor
dsf
rom t
hebox.

ef
fect
s,communi
cat
ion,
usef
ulness,
evol
uti
on,
advant
age

1. Icancer
tai
nlyf
eel
the_
___
___
___
___
_oft
oomanyl
ateni
ght
s.

2. Thebui
l
dinghasout
li
vedi
ts_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_.

3. The_
___
___
___
___
___
__oft
hehumanspeci
es.

4. Speechi
sthef
ast
estmet
hodof_
___
___
___
___bet
weenpeopl
e.

5. Shehadt
he_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___ofagoodeducat
ion.

5.Readt
het
extandanswert
hecompr
ehensi
onquest
ions.

MODERNWAYSOFLI
FE

Nobody can i gnore the

useful
nessofmoder
nizati
onofour dai
l
y
l
ife,
especial
l
yonhowmuch

i
t makes l i
fe easi
er. Thi
s i
s
part
icular
ly tr
ue of t he new
evol
ution of t echnol
ogy and
medicine.
 The use of technology makes li
vi
ng bet ter and br i
ngs cer
tai
n
advantagestopeopl
e.Adv antagesmighti
ncl udefastcommuni cat
ionand
managementoft i
me.Newt echnol
ogymachinesarev eryhel
pfuli
nourhome.
Wedomostoft hehousecl eaningwit
hmachi nes,whichactuall
ymakesthe
l
ifeveryeasyandcomfortable.

Comput erandi nt
ernetar ebei
ngi ntr
oducedi ntomosthouses.They
haveal otofadvantages,butsomet i
mest heymi ghthaveadv er
seeffectson
people`s heal
th. As wi t
h ev erysingl
ei nnovati
on,internethas its own
advantagesanddi sadvantages.Advantagesi ncl
udebet tercommuni cati
on,
and fasterway ofget ti
ng informaton,ent
i ert
ainmenti ncl
uding.Ital so
provi
desser vi
cesforourdai l
yuse.Itisalsobei ngcurrentl
yintr
oducedi nto
curr
iculum ofmajor
ityofschoolsanduniversit
ies.

Inconcl
usi
on,moderni
zat
ionhasmadeaconsider
abl
eimpactonour
l
if
etodaythati
thasbecomeapartofourdai
l
ylif
e.Noonecani
maginehow
worl
dwouldbewithoutt
hemodernt
echnol
ogy.

Exer
cise6.Mat
chsent
encesusi
ngt
het
extabov
e.

1.
Theuseoft
echnol
ogy a)howworldwoul
dbewi
thoutt
hemoder
n
technol
ogy
2.
Newt
echnol
ogymachi
nes b)bet
tercommuni
cati
on,fasterwayof
get
tingi
nfor
mat
ion,ent
ertainmenti
ncl
udi
ng
3.
Comput
erandi
nter
net c)ar
ebei
ngi
ntr
oducedi
ntomosthouses
4.
Adv
ant
agesi
ncl
ude d)makesli
vi
ngbett
erandbri
ngscer
tai
n
advant
agestopeopl
e
5.
Noonecani
magi
ne e)ar
ever
yhel
pful
inourhome

Exer
cise7.SayTr
ueorFal
se?
 El
ect
roni
cdev
icescangi
vey
oupr
obl
emswi
thy
ourheal
th. _
___
___
___

Thei
nvent
ionofcal
cul
atormadeusl
azyt
ocounti
nmi
nd. _
___
___
___

Vacuum machi
nes,
washi
ngmachi
nes,
vapori
ronsmadeourl
i
femor
e
comf
ort
abl
e. _
___
___
___

Di
scov
eryofnewv
acci
nesnowaday
shel
pust
oli
vel
onger
. _
___
___
___

Gadget
shel
pyout
ocommuni
cat
efast
er. _
___
___
___

8.Read the MODERN LI

FESTYLE act
ivi
ti
es.Wi
thy
ourpar
tnert
alkabout
act
ivi
ti
esyouli
keanddi
sli
ke.

Usedt
o
Weuseusedto+verbtotal
kaboutthi
ngsthathappened
repeat
edl
yorwer et
rueforalongper
iodoft
imei nthepast
.
 Usedto/di
dn`tusetoisthesameforal
lper
sons.
I eadofusedt
nst owecanuset
hepastwi
thanadv
erboff
requency
.
WhenIwasachi
l
d,Iof
tenpl
ayedi
nthest
reet
.
+
WhenIwasachi
l
d,Iusedt
opl
ayi
nthest
reet
.

-
 Chi
l
drendi
dn`
tuset
owat
chmuchTVwhenmyf
atherwasy
oung.

? Di
dyouuset
owearauni
for
m atschool
?Yes,
Idi
d.

Usedt
oorusual
l
y?
Usedtoonlyexi
stinthepast
.For
habi
tsint
hepresent,
useusuall
y+
pr
esentsi
mple,NOTuseto

Iusual
l
ycookint
heevenings.NOTI
usetocooki
ntheevenings.

Exer
cise9.Compl
etewi
th‘
usedt
o(+,
-,?)
’andav
erbf
rom t
hel
i
st.

ar
gue,be,
geton,goout
,hav
e,l
i
ke,l
i
ve,
speak,spend,wear
,
work

Annausedt
oli
vei
nNewYor
kCi
ty,
butl
atershemov
edt
oNewJer
sey
.(+)

1.We¬¬¬¬_
___
___
___
__al
oti
ncommon,
butnowwe`
recompl
etel
ydi
ff
erent
.

(
+)

2.I_
___
___
___
___
_mucht
imeonl
i
ne,
butnowÌm addi
ctedt
oFacebook.(
-)

3._
___
___
___
___
___
_youruncl
e__
___
_gl
asses?Hel
ooksdi
ff
erentnow.(
?)
 4.I
___
___wi
thmycl
assmat
es,
butnowIspendal
lmyt
imewi
thmysi
ster
.(+)

5.Wher
e__
___
__y
ourf
ather_
___
___
___
__bef
orehegott
hej
obi
nthebank?

6.Myf
ri
endhasl
ostal
otofwei
ght
.She_
___
___
___
___
___
___
__sosl
i
m.(
-)

7._
___
___
you_
___
___al
otwi
thy
ourpar
ent
swheny
ouwer
eat
eenager
?(?
)

8.I_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_Japanesef
ood,
butnowIeatal
otofsushi
.(-
)

9.Laur
a__
___
___
___
_wel
lwi
thhernei
ghbor
,butnowt
hey
`vef
all
enout
.(+)

10. Myf
ri
end_
___
___
___
___
___
__t
ome,
butnowhecal
l
smequi
teof
ten.

(
-)

Exer
cise10.Ar
ethehighl
ightedver
bf or
mscor
rectori
ncor
rect
?Ifcor
rect
putC,i
fincorectputI
r .

1.Idi
dn`
tusedt
obeaManchest
erUni
tedf
an?

2.Doy
ouusual
l
ytel
lacl
osef
ri
endabouty
ourpr
obl
ems?

3.Di
dyouuset
ohav
elonghai
r?

4.Idi
dn`
tusedt
oli
kemymat
hst
eacherwhenIwasatschool
.

5.Theyusedt
ogoonhol
i
dayev
eryy
ear
.

6.TheBr
it
ishdi
dn`
tusedt
odr
inkal
otofcof
fee.

7.Wher
edi
dyourf
ri
endsuset
omeetwhent
heywer
eonhol
i
day
s?

8.Myuncl
euset
owor
kforabank,
butnowhe`
sunempl
oyed.
9.Wel
ovet
het
heat
re.Weusual
l
ygot
oapl
ayonceamont
h.

10. Tel
egr
amsusedt
obeawayofsendi
ngmessages.

Exer
cise11.Tel
lyourcl
assmat
eshowy
ouhav
echanged.Wr
it
efi
ve
sent
encesabouthowy
ouwer
eINTHEPAST.(
Youmaybr
ingy
ourphot
o)

PI
CTUREI
NTHEPAST PI
CTUREI
NTHEPRESENT

Iusedt
obesl
i
m /Idi
dn`
tuset
obesl
i
m,butnow….
.
1._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

2._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

3._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

4._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

5._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

Di
dyouknow?
 DEFI
NI CLETHE
TEARTI
Thesunisbr ighttoday.
Pleasehandt hisbooktotheteacher
.
Pleaseopent hedoor .
Omari si
nt hekitchen.
Weuset hewheny ouknoworassumet hat
your
l
isteneri
sf amil
iarwi thandt hi
nkingaboutthe
samespeci fi
cthingorper sony ouaretal
king
about.
Exercise12.Let
’spr
act
ice!Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
tha,an,t
heandzer
o
art
icle.

1.I
n__
___
___r
ecentnewspaperar
ti
cle,
Ireadabout_
___
___
__Aust
ral
i
an
swi
mmerwhowassav
edf
rom _
___
___
_shar
kby_
___
__gr
oupofdol
phi
ns.

2.When_
___shar
kat
tackedby_
___
swi
mmer
,__
_dol
phi
nschasedi
taway
.

3.Theysav
ed_
___
___
__swi
mmer
`sl
i
fe.

4.Ihear
dont
her
adi
othatt
her
eis_
___
___
__ev
idencet
hat_
___
__dol
phi
ns
suf
feri
ncapt
ivi
ty.

5.Dol
phi
nst
hatar
efr
eei
n__
___
___nat
urel
i
vear
ound40y
ear
s.

6.Capt
ivedol
phi
nsl
i
ve_
___
__av
erageof12y
ear
s.I
tisbel
i
evedt
hatsome
capt
ivedol
phi
nscommi
t__
___
___
___sui
ci
de.

Exerci
se13.Readt
hedi
alogue.Lookupunknownwor
dsandr
olepl
aywi
th
yourcl
assmate.

Mer
et:
Whatar
eyougoi
ngt
odoaf
tert
hel
essonst
oday
,Jer
en?

Jer
en:Iam goi
ngt
owor
konapr
oject
.

Mer
et:
Whatki
ndofapr
ojecti
sthat
?

Jer
en:I
t`
saboutt
hei
nvent
ionst
hathavechangedourli
ves.I
t`
smy
homeworkf
ort
omorrow.Whatar
eyoudoingafterthel
essons?

Mer
et:Ìm f
reet
oday
.Ihav
enohomewor
kfort
omor
row,
soIcanhel
pyou
 i
fyouwant
.

Jer
en:Yes,t
hatwouldbewonder
ful
!Ìveal
readyf
oundsomeinfor
mat
ion
aboutusef
uli
nvent
ions.Howev
erIdon`tknowhowt opr
esenti
tyet
.
Mer
et:Isee.Icanhel
pyouwi
tht
hat
.Besi
des,
Ìm qui
tegoodatdr
awi
ng,
so
Icandrawforyou.
Jer
en:I
tisnotnecessary
.Myt eachersai
dthepr
ojectshoul
dbedesi
gned
onl
yusingmoder ntechnol
ogies.
Mer
et:I
tmeansever
ythi
ngshouldbedonewit
hcomputersof
tware.Ìl
lty
pe
t
hetext
,whi
l
ey oucancreat
egraphi
csket
chesofthei
nvent
ions.
Jer
en:
Thatwi
l
lbewonder
ful
!Thanky
ou,
Mer
et!
Mer
et:Don’
tment
ioni
t,Jer
en.

Exer
cise14.Descri
beyourf
ri
end.Howhe/
shehaschangedi
nrecenty
ear
s?
Usetheconst
ruct
ion“usedt
o”.

1._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

2._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

3._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

4._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

5._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
Uni
t2.
APERSONDAYBYDAY

Lesson2. Communi
cat
ionandourl
i
fe.
Moder
nway
sofcommuni
cat
ion

1.Li
stenandsay
.

communi cati
on,advancement,
int
egr
al,
maintai
n,
rel
ati
onship,gest
ure,post
ure,
noddi
ng,per
cept

2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds.

communi
cat
ion _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

adv
ancement _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

i
ntegr
al _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
 mai
ntai
n _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

r
elat
ionshi
p _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

gest
ure _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

post
ure _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

noddi
ng _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

per
cept _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

3.Readthefol
l
owingsent
ences,
trytoguesst
hemeani
ngoft
hebol
dwor
ds.
Aft
ercir
clet
hebestdef
ini
ti
ontotheboldwords.

1)
Speechi
sthef
ast
estmet
hodofcommuni
cat
ion.
a)
togi
vey
ournumber b)t
otel
lasecr
et
c)t
hepr
ocessofgi
vi
ngi
nfor
mat
ion

2)
Ther
ear
egoodoppor
tuni
ti
esf
oradv
ancementi
fyouhav
ether
ightski
l
ls.
a)
makepr
ogr
essorsucceed b)t
omakemi
stakes c)t
obecomeaboss

3)
Educat
ionhasani
ntegr
alr
olei
nourl
i
fe.
a)
themosti
mpor
tant b)v
eryi
nter
est
ing c)bor
ing

4)
Thet
wocount
ri
eshav
eal
way
smai
ntai
nedcl
oser
elat
ions.
a)
break b)bui
l
d c)cont
inueatt
hesamel
evel

5)
Theyar
einacl
oser
elat
ionshi
p,Iguesst
heyar
esi
ster
s.
 a)
connect
ion b)at
mospher
e
c)wayi
nwhi
cht
wopeopl
ebehav
etowar
dseachot
her
’s

6)
Theycommuni
cat
edent
ir
elybygest
ures.
a)
amov ementofy
ourhead,
handsorf
ace b)car
ds c)
si
gnal
s

7)
Hesati
nrel
axedpost
ureandst
art
edani
nter
view.
a)
view b)way c)posi
ti
onoft
hebody

8)
Shenoddedathi
mtobegi
nhi
sspeech.
a)
blink b)whi
stl
e c)t
omov
eyourheadt
oshowagr
eementor
di
recti
on

9)
Youshoul
dper
ceptt
het
rut
hthatshehast
oldt
oyou.
a)
accept b)deny c)i
gnor
e

4. Readt
het
extandanswert
hecompr
ehensi
onquest
ions.

Communi
cat
ionandourl
if
e
Communi cat
ionhasbeenanessenti
alpartofourl
ivessi
ncet
hebegi nning.
Itdevel
opsunderstandi
ngamongpeople.Theevolut
ionofcommunicati
oni san
ongoing process. Wi th the advancement s of moder n t echnology,
communi cat
ionmet hodshavebeenchanging.Lif
ewoul dbesohar dwi t
hout
communi cat
ion.

Li
steni
ng,reading,wri
ti
ng,underst
anding,al
lofthesewouldbei mpossibl
e
wit
houtcommuni cati
ng.Effect
ivecommuni cati
onbringspeopl
ecl oser.Ever
y
dayweusedi ffer
entway stocommuni cate.Forexample,f
rom yourdail
yemai l
toradi
owel i
sten,from newswer eadtoinf
ormationwesharewithourf r
iends.
 Ther
ear
etwomai
nty
pesofcommuni
cat
ionusedondai
l
ybasi
s:

Verbalcommuni cat
ioni
salsoknownasspokencommuni cat
ion.Tel
evi
si
on,
radi
oandot hermedi acanalsobeincl
uded.Forexample,everydaywegr eet
otherpeopl
eatwor koratschool
,andthi
sisthewayofv erbalcommunicati
on.
Verbalcommuni cationplay
sani ntegr
alroleinmaintaini
ngsuccessfuland
posit
iverel
ationship.

Non- ver
balcommuni
cati
ongener
all
yinv
olvesbodylanguageandgestur es.
Non-ver
baldoesnotusewor dstocommuni cat
e.Itr
eferstogestures,facial
expr
essions,toneofvoi
ce,eyecont
act
,handshake,nodding,post
ures,signs
andsoon.

Wecannotdenythefactt
hatcommunicat
ioni
sanessent
ialcor
esystem
ofourl
iv
es.Weunderst
andandperceptt
heworl
dthr
oughcommunicati
on.

Exer
cise5.SayTr
ueorFal
se?

1)Communi
cat
iondecr
easesunder
standi
ngamongpeopl
e. T F

2)Non-
ver
bal
communi
cat
ioni
nvol
vespi
ctur
esandsoundsoft
heani
mal
s
andpeopl
e. T F

3)Weunder
standandper
ceptt
hewor
ldt
hroughcommuni
cat
ion.T F

4)Tel
evi
sion,
radi
o,soci
almedi
aar
etheexampl
esofv
erbal
communi
cat
ion.
T F

5)Handshakeandnoddi
ngar
eal
soat
ypeofcommuni
cat
ion. T F

Di
dyouknow?I
nter
est
ingf
act
saboutcommuni
cat
ion.

 Thef
ir
stwr
it
tencommuni
cat
ionwasi
nthef
orm of
mar
ksandsy
mbol
s-r
ecor
dedmor
ethan9.
000y
ear
sago.

 Anci
entEgy
pti
ans used sy
mbol
s cal
l
ed hi
erogl
yphs
 ov
er5.
200y
ear
sago.Theyr
ecor
dedt
hei
rwr
it
ingsonst
oneor
met
alt
abl
ets,orpapy
rus,whi
chi
sapapermadef
rom pl
ant
f
iber
s.

 The wr
it
ten Chi
nese l
anguage cont
ains ov
er80.
000
di
ff
erentsy
mbol
s,al
thoughmostpeopl
euseabout5.
000.

 ThomasEdi
sont
aughthi
swi
feMor
secode,sot
hey
coul
dcommuni
cat
einsecr
etbyt
appi
ngi
ntoeachot
her
`s
handswhenherf
ami
l
ywasar
ound.

Exer
cise6.Speaki
ngdi
scussi
on.Whatki
ndofmoder
ncommuni
cat
ion
appsdoy
ouknowandwhi
chonei
spopul
aramongy
ourf
ri
ends?

Exerci
se7.Readt
heinfor
mati
onaboutmodernway
sofcommuni
cat
ion.Wi
th
yourcl
assmatest
icktop5popul
aramongthem.

Moder
nway
sofcommuni
cat
ion

Today,moderntechnologydominatesour
communicati
on.
Wehav eamassiverangeofwaysi nwhich
wecanst ayconnected,buteachchannelof
communicati
oncaninfl
uenceourrel
ati
onships
i
nadiff
erentway.
 Hereare10moder
ncommuni
cat
iont
ool
stohel
pyoust
ayi
nconnect
edwi
th
y
ouraudience:

Soci
alMedi
a.I
thasbeenar
oundsi
ncet
heear
lyday
soft
hei
nter
netandi
t
st
il
ldomi
nat
esmostofourl
iv
es.

Soci
alMedi
a-Di
rectMessage (
DM) .Al
mosteverysoci
almedi
a channel
off
ersadi r
ectmessagi
ngopti
on.Priv
atemessagi
ngthr
oughsoci
alnet
wor ks
hasthesameint
imacyasemail
,butt
endstobel
essfor
mal.

Inst
antMessage(
IM)
.IMi
sagr
eatt
oolf
orqui
cki
nfor
malchat
sorgr
oup
chat
s.

SMSTextMessaging.Weareal
lawareoftheusesoftextmessagi
ng.They
ar
eshor
t,general
l
yinf
ormalandareagoodwayt ocommunicat
esmal lbi
tsof
i
nfor
mat
ionthatcanberepl
i
edtoatther
ecipi
ent`
sownlei
sure.

Emai lMarket
ing.I
tcanbeusedf ormanydiff
erentpurposes,i
ncl
udi
ngto
pushproduct
sandser vi
ces,spr
eadnews,r
aisebr
andawar enessortodel
i
vera
messaget ot
hemasses.

Dir
ectEmail
.Emai lissimi
l
arto DM t hr
ough soci
alnet
works,butiti
s
general
lymor
ef or
mal .I
tisthemostpopularwayofcommuni cat
ingbet
ween
busi
nesseswit
hov er200bi
ll
i
onemail
sbeingsenteveryday.

Bloggi
ng.A bl
ogisaconversat
ionalst
yledwebsit
ethatenabl
esyouto
publ
i
shmessages,news,knowl
edgeoranyot herki
ndofinf
ormati
ononthe
Worl
dWi deWebforev
ery
onetosee.

VoiceCall
ing.Itisev enmor
epersonali
zedt hanthechannel
spr ev
iousl
y
mentioned.Thetelephoneormobi
lephoneinstant
lyall
owsbothpart
iestohear
thetonesandemot ionsoftheot
hercal
lerandi soneofthemostcommonl y
usedcommuni cati
ont ool
s.

Vi
deoChat.I
tenabl
esbothparti
est oseeeachot
her
,al
l
owi
ngy
out
obeabl
e
t
oreadbodyl
anguageandfaci
alexpressions.

VideoMarket
ing. I
t`simportantthaty
ougety ourmessageacrossi
na
var
ietyoffor
matsandv i
deoisoneoft hemostpopul
arway
sinwhichyoucando
soasi tsi
gni
fi
cant
lyboostsengagement.

Li
veWebChat.Ital
l
owpeopl
eony ourwebsi
tet
oasky
ouquest
ionsdi
rect
ly
i
nreal
timewi
thoutl
eavi
ngy
ourwebsi
te.

Vi
rt
ualReal
i
ty(
VR)
.VR i
stheuseofcomput
ert
echnol
ogyt
o cr
eat
ea
si
mul
atedenv
ironmentwhi
chcanbeexpl
oredi
n360degr
ees.

Exer
cise8.Ar
etheseacr
ony
msf
ami
l
iart
oyou?Cany
oudecodet
hem?

DM I
M VR SMS

1. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

2. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

3. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

4. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

5. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Exer
cise9.Mat
cht
hepi
ctur
eswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.

1)I
tissi
mil
art
oDM,
butmor
efor
mal
._
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

2)Theyar
eshor
t,i
nfor
mal
andgoodf
orcommuni
cat
ion.
___
___
___
___
___

3)I
tisaconv
ersat
ional
sty
ledwebsi
te.
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

4)I
tenabl
espeopl
etoseeeachot
her
.__
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
 5)I
tisusedt
osi
mul
atesur
roundi
ngenv
ironment
.__
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Uni
t2.
APERSONDAYBYDAY

Lesson3. Mobil
eConnecti
on.TheInt
ernet
Connect
ion.(
Tel
ecommunicat
ion,
you-t
ube,googl
e)
St
ruct
uret
obe/
togetusedt
odo.

1.Li
stenandsay
.

expansi
on,exchange,connect
ion,di
sabi
li
typaybi
, l
l
s,
unli
mited,di
stance,i
nst
antmessage,possibi
l
ity

2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds:

expansi
on _
___
___
___
___
___
___
 di
stance _
___
___
___
___
___
___

exchange _
___
___
___
___
___
___

i
nst
antMessage _
___
___
___
___
___
___

paybi
l
ls _
___
___
___
___
___
___

unl
i
mit
ed _
___
___
___
___
___
___

possi
bil
i
ty _
___
___
___
___
___
___

di
sabi
l
ity _
___
___
___
___
___
___

connect
ion _
___
___
___
___
___
___

3.Mat
cht
hedef
ini
ti
onsoft
hewor
dsbel
ow:

a)expansi
on 1.t
heactofgi
vi
ngandr
ecei
vi
ngsmt
h.

b)exchange 2.asmuch/
manyaspossi
ble

c)connect
ion 3.t
oincr
easei
nsi
zeori
mpor
tance

d)di
sabi
l
ity 4.t
hesy
stem wher
etwopar
tsconnect

e)paybi
l
ls 5.t
hest
ateofnotbei
ngabl
etodosmt
h.

f
)unl
i
mit
ed 6.oppor
tuni
ty

g)di
stance 7.api
eceofpapershowi
nghowmuchy
ou

shoul
dpay

h)i
nst
antmessage 8.bei
ngf
arawayi
nspaceort
ime
 i
)possi
bil
i
ty 9.i
mmedi
atemessage

4.Readt
het
ext
.

Mobi
leConnect
ion
I
t`
sacommont rutht hatthewor l
dhascompl etel
ychangedwit
ht he
expansi
onoft echnologicalprogress.Nowadays,peoplehavealotoft
hings
theycouldn`tevendr eam ofoneort wohundredy ear
sago.Oneoft hat
gadgetspeoplecan`timagi netheirli
fewit
houtisamobi l
ephone.Sowhyit
i
ssoi mportantforpeopleoft hemoder nworl
d?

Firstofall
,mobil
ephonei sameanofcommuni cation.Ithel
pspeople
tokeepi ntouchwiththei
rfr
iendsandr elat
ivesatanydi stance,atanyti
me.
Moreov er,connect
iontotheInter
netallowsusi ngspeci alappslikeSkype,
What sApp,Facebookandot herstomakecal ls,vi
deocal l
sandexchange
i
nstantmessages.Youcanchecky oure- mailandor ganizeanymeet ings,
paybi l
l
sanddomanyot herusefult
hingsjustwithonebut t
oncli
ck.

Secondly
,it
`snecessarytomenti
onthatmoder nsmartphonesar
et he
gadgetswithunli
mit
edent er
tai
nmentpossi
bil
i
ties.Peopl
ecanwatchvi
deos,
l
ist
ent omusi c,andplaygames,readbooksandnewswi thandwithout
I
nternetconnect
ion.

Thelistofadvantagesofusi
ngmobi l
ephoneandmobi leconnect
ion
maybev erylong,butweshouldknow aboutthedisadvantagestoo.We
should remember about mobi l
e phone addicti
on especiall
y among
teenager
sandt hei
rdisabi
li
tyt
ocommunicatei
nar ealwor
ld.

5. Readf
oll
owi
ngquest
ionswi
thy
ourcl
assmat
esandanswert
hem.

1.Howmanygadget
sdoy
ouhav
e?

2.Whi
chonedoy
ouuset
hemost
?

3.Forhowl
onghav
eyouhadi
t?

4.Whatcany
oudowi
thy
ourf
avor
it
egadget
?

5.Howof
tenandf
orhowl
ongdoy
ouusual
l
yuse
 y
ourphone?

6.Doy ouhaveheadacheswheny
ouusey
our
fav
or i
tegadget
snon-st
op?

7.Doyoureyeshur
tsomet
imes?Dot
heygetr
ead
andwater
y?

8.Whataresomeofthehealt
hissuest
haty
ouhav
e
hadaf
tergadgetov
eruse?

9.Doy
out
urnof
fyourgadget
sbef
oregoi
ngt
obed?

10. Doyourparent
stakeawayy
ourphonei
fyou
usei
tnon-st
op?

Beusedt
oandgetusedt
o
Beusedt
omeansbef
ami
l
iarwi
thorbeaccust
omedt
o.
Beusedt
o+i
ng

Exampl
es:
 I
'm ateachersoI
'm usedtospeaki
nginpublc.(
i AsIhav
ebeenwor
kingas
ateacherit
’snonewt hi
ngtobeinfr
ontofthepubi
c)
 She’sateacher
,soshe’
susedtospeaki
ngi c.(
npubl
i Shei
s
accust
omedt ospeakinpubl
i
c.)
 Hewasn'tusedtowal
kingsomuchandhisl
egshurtaf
tert
hehike.(
He
doesn’
tusual
lyhi
kealotoratal
lsohet
ri
edi
tandithurthi
slegs.
)

 Mygrandpar
entsareusedtothecit
ynowanddoesn’tgetlostanymore.
(
Befor
emygr andparent
sgotlostalotwhent
heyjustcamef r
om vil
l
ageto
l
iv
einthecit
ybuttimepassedandnowt heydon’
tgetlostanymore.
)

Weusege tusedtotal
kaboutt
hepr
ocessof
becomingf
amil
i
arwit
hsomethi
ng.

Getusedt
o+i
nfi
nit
ive
Exampl
es:
I'
mf i
ndi
ngthisnewjobhar
dbutI
'
m sur
eI'
ll
getusedt tsoon.(
oi Ihave
star
tedtoworkhereafewday
sagoandinthef
utur
eIguessIwon’
t
fi
nditashard.
)
I
ttookmymot heryear
st ogetusedt
olivi
ngi
nLondonaf t
ermoving
f
rom Tur .(
key Whenwej ustmovedtotheTur
keyitwasreall
yhar
dfor
motherbuti
ttooksomet i
meandshel ovedt
hispl
acetoo.)
 Mysist
ergetti
ngusedtothenoi
senow.Shefoundi
treal
lystr
essful
whenwefirstmovedin.(
Sheisi
nthepr
ocessofget
tingaccustomed
wi
ththi
splace.)

Exer
cise6.Compl
etet
hesent
ences.Use‘
usedt
o/beusedt
o/getusedt
o’.

1.WhenIwasat
eenagerI……………………….
..
.dr
essupf
orHal
l
oween,
butnot
any
mor
e.

2.Atf
ir
stIwasr
eal
l
yner
vousaboutdr
ivi
ngi
ncr
owdr
oad,
butnowI
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
……….t
oit
.

3.Idon'
tthi
nkI
'
llev
er…………………….
.…t
other
aini
nVancouv
er.

4.Sashai
sRussi
an.Hei
snot………………….
.……speaki
ngEngl
i
shi
ntheof
fi
ce.

5.Thesmel
loff
ishi
sawf
ul,
buty
ou'
l
l……….
………i
taf
teracoupl
eofmont
hs
i
nthej
ob.

6.I
twi
l
ltakeawhi
l
efort
heof
fi
cest
afft
o……………….
…thenewcomput
er
sof
twar
e.

7.Twoy
ear
sago,
thest
udent
s……………………hav
efourhour
saweekof
l
anguagel
essons,
butnowt
heyhav
ethr
eehour
s.

8.Mychi
l
dren……………….
.………t
oeat
inghambur
ger
s,butIdon'
tthi
nkI
'
llev
er
………………t
oeat
ingt
hem.

9.Peopl
efr
om Af
ri
ca…………….
………t
ohotweat
herbecauseoft
hedr
yand
 hotcl
i
mat
ether
e.

10. WhenIwasst
art
ingt
owr
it
e,I……….
.…………t
hinkIwoul
dnev
erbeas
goodasMar
gar
etAt
wood.

11. Mr
.Bl
undel
l……………….
.dol
otsofi
nter
viewswhenhewast
hemay
or
ofVancouv
er.

12. Henev
er………….
……….
.tof
lyi
ngahel
i
copt
er,
evenaf
tery
ear
sof
wor
kingasacopi
l
ot

7.Readt
het
ext
.

TheI
nter
netConnect
ion.

Ev
ery
bodyknowst
hatt
heI
nter sagl
neti obalcomput
ernet
wor
k,
whi
chembr
aceshundr
edsofmi
l
li
onsofuser
sal
lov
ert
hewor
ld.The
I
nter
nethasal
readyent
eredouror
dinar
yli
fe.Nobodyknowsexact
ly
how manypeopl
euset
heI
nter
nett
oday
. Or
igi
nal
l
y,I
nter
netwasa
mi
l
it yexper
ar imenti
ntheUSAof60-
s.Theni
twasusedbysci
ent
ist
s
andnowi
tisusedbymi
l
li
onsofpeopl
e,i
ncl
udi
ngt
eenager
s.Youcan
f
indt
hei
nfor
mat
iony
ouneedi
n5seconds.

I
tisv
ery conv
eni
ent f
or st
udent
s,
t
eacher
s,exper
tsandot
her
s.Fr
om onesi
de
i
tis gr
eatt
o hav
e ev
ery
thi
ng r
ighther
e
onl
i
ne,butweshoul
dn`
tfor
getaboutt
he
har
mful
ness ofI
nter
nett
oo.We shoul
d
car
eful
l
ysear
chf
ort
hei
nfor
mat
ionweneed
av
oi ng i
di nappr
opr
iat
e i
nfor
mat
ion and
cr
uel
tyonl
i
ne.Par
ent
sshoul
dcont
rolt
hei
r
 chi
l
dren`
sbr
owsehi
st yandpr
or otectt
hef
low ofi
nfor
mat
iont
heygo
t
hroughwi
tht
hehel
pofspeci
alser
vices.

Exer
cise8.Say(
T)Tr
ueorFal
se(
F)?

1.
Par
ent
sshoul
dn`
tlett
hei
rchi
l
drenuseI
nter
netConnect
ion. T F

2.
Int
ernetwasi
nvent
edf
orf
un. T F

3.
Youcanf
indt
hei
nfor
mat
iony
ouneedi
n5seconds. T F

4.Weshouldcaref
ull
ysearchf
ort
hei
nfor
mat
ionweneedavoi
ding
i
nappropr
iate
i
nfor
mat i
onandcruel
ty. T F

5.
Int
ernethasnoty
etent
eredt
oouror
dinar
yli
fe. T F

Exer
cise9.Pai
rof
fwi
thapar
tner
.Askandanswert
hequest
ions.

1.Howof
tendoy
ouchangey
ourpasswor
ds?

2.Doy
ouwr
it
edowny
ourpasswor
dsordoy
our
emembert
hem?

3.Hav
eyouev
ergi
veny
ourhomeaddr
essonl
i
ne?Why
/Whynot
?

4.Doy
oushar
ephot
osonl
i
ne?

5.Howof
tendoy
ouchecky
ourmessages?

Exer
cise10.I
nser
tthewor
dsf
rom t
heboxi
nthef
oll
owi
ngsent
ences.

pr
otect
,har
mful
ness,conv
eni
ent
,gl
obal
,or
dinar
y,exper
iment
 1.Themeal
wasv
ery_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_.
2.Engl
i
shi
sconsi
der
eda_
___
___
__l
anguage.
3.I
tisv
ery_
___
___
_tobookt
icket
sonl
i
ne.
4.Ìv
enev
ercookedt
hismeal
bef
ore,
soi
t`
san_
___
___
__.
5.Weshoul
d__
___
__ourper
sonal
inf
ormat
iononl
i
ne.
6.Peopl
emustbeawar
eof_
___
___
__i
ntheWor
ldWi
deWeb.

Exerci
se11.ReadaboutAman`
sfav
ori
tewebsi
te.Doy
ouuseI
nter
netf
or
educati
onalpur
poses?

Myf
avor
it
ewebsi
te.

Helloev erybody !Mynamei s

Aman.Il iveint hecapi t
alcityofour
beaut if
ul count r
y.Ìm i
nt he10th
gradeatschool .Ienjoylearning
Engli
sh,andIam doi ngwell atschool .
Inmyf reet imeIl iketouseI nternetforeducati
onalpurposes,especi
all
yto
i
mpr ovemyl isteningandspeaki ngskil
ls.Il
i
kewatchingv i
deos,fi
lmsand
car t
oons, l
isteningt omusicandpodcast sinEngli
sh.Thebestsitetodot hesei
s
y ou-
tube.

You-t
ubei saf reevideoshar ingwebsi t
et hatmakesi teasyt owat ch
ever yt
hingonlineandev enof fli
ne.Mor eover,youcancr eateandupl oady our
ownv ideostosharewi t
hot hers.You- tubewasst artedadecadeago,Febr uary
14,2005andhasbeenani nfl
uent ialpar tofourev erydayl i
fe.Videosar emade
forenj oyment,some oft hem ar et ut ori
alsto cr eatet hingsor“ DIY”(do it
your sel
f),y
ouev encanf i
ndv ideosf orheal thtreatmentt here.Inmyf reetimeI
wat chf i
lmsinEnglish.Iti
spossi blet owat cht hem wi thsubt i
tlesandwi thout
whichi sagr eatadvantageoft hi
ssi te.Ibecomedel i
ghtedwhenIwat chfil
ms
withoutsubt i
tl
esandcanunder standmanyt hi
ngs.I tgivesmeagr eatmotiv
ation
tost udyEngli
shharder.

Exerci
se12.Whati
sGoogl
e?Di
dyouknowt
hat
…?Readsomef
act
sandt
ryf
un
tr
icksonGoogl
esit
e.
  Ev
ery
oneknowst
hatGoogl
eist
hel
eadi
ngsear
chengi
ne.I
t`
smi
ssi
oni
sto
or
gani
zet
hedat
aoft
hewor
ldandmakei
twi
del
yav
ail
abl
eandhel
pful
.

 ThenameGoogl
eisder
ivedf
rom t
het
erm'
googol
'
.Agoogoli
sa1wi
th
100z
eroesbehi
ndi
t.

 Googl
ewasi
nvent
edbyLar
ryPageandSer
geyBr
in.

Hav
eyouev
ert
ri
ed?

 Tr
ick1-Bar
relRol
l
.Ty pe'
Doabar
relr
oll
'andhi
tent
eror
cl
i
cksear
ch,andwatchitr
oll
!
 Trick2– GoogleGravi
ty.Typei
n“Googl
eGr
avi
ty”and
thencl
i
ck“Ìm f
eel
i
nglucky”
.
 Tr
ick3–Googl
eAskew.Ty
pei
n“Askew”cl
i
ckent
erand

Uni
t2.
APERSONDAYBYDAY

Lesson4. E-
mai
landSky
pe.(
Soci
alnet
-wor
k).
Proj
ectwor
k.

1.Li
stenandsay
.

v
irt
ual
,pr
ofi
l
e,int
eract
,communit
y,enabl
e,
per
for
mance,av ai
l
abi
l
ity
2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds.

v
irt
ual _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

pr
ofi
l
e _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

i
nter
act _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

communi
ty _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

enabl
e _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

per
for
mance _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

av
ail
abi
l
ity _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

3.Lear
nthedef
ini
ti
onsoft
hewor
ds.

v
irt
ual exi
stsbyt
heuseofcomput
ersof
twar
e

pr
ofi
l
e adescr
ipt
ionofsb.t
hatgi
vesusef
uli
nfor
mat
ion

i
nter
act t
ocommuni
cat
e

communi
ty al
lthepeopl
ethatl
i
vei
napar
ti
cul
arar
ea

enabl
e t
omakepossi
ble

per
for
mance howwel
lorbadsomet
hingwor
ksori
sdone

av
ail
abi
l
ity possi
blet
oget
,buyorf
ind

4.Readt
het
extandanswert
hecompr
ehensi
onquest
ions.

Soci
alnet
-wor
k
 Socialnetwor ki
ngsi tesar evirt
ualcommuni tieswher euser scancr eate
i
ndividualpubl icpr ofi
l
es,int er
actwi t
hr eal-
li
fefriendsandmeetot herpeopl e.
Thef irstsocialnet workingsi t
eappear edi n1995.Howev er,few peopl ecould
i
magi net hatt hi
snew f orm ofwebcommuni cat
ionwoul dgr ow t
obecomet he
l
argestv irt
ualcommuni tyint hewor l
d.
Today ,socialnet workingsi t
es,suchasFacebook,I nstagr
am,YouTube,
Twitt
er ,Skype, Myspacear esomeoft hemostpopul arf or
msofcommuni cati
on,
connect i
ngbi ll
ionsofpeopl ef rom allov erthewor ld.Soci alnetworkingsites
havet akenv ir
tualinter
actiont oanotherlevel,
enabl i
ngpeopl ef r
om allcorner
sof
thewor l
dt omeetonasi nglepl at
form andshar ei nformat ion.Thesuccessof
thesesi tesi sdemonst ratedbyt heirglobalpresence,f astper formanceand
avail
abi l
i
tyonourmobi l
edev i
ces.

Exer
cise5.SayTr
ueorFal
se?

1)Soci
alnet
wor
kisusedbypeopl
etoi
nter
actwi
theachot
her
.T F
2)Newf
orm ofwebcommuni
cat
iongr
ewast
hel
argestv
irt
ual
communi
ty.
T F
3)Fewpeopl
eusewebsl
i
keTwi
tt
er,
Yout
ube,
Inst
agr
am andot
her
s. T F
4)Soci
alnet
worki
snotabl
etoenabl
epeopl
efr
om al
lov
ert
hewor
ldt
o
communicat
e. TF
5)Thesuccessoft
hesesi
tesi
sdemonst
rat
edbyj
ustapopul
ari
ty. TF

Exer
cise6.Whatwebsi
tesorappsar
eyourf
avor
it
e?Wr
it
e5-
10sent
ences
aboutt
heappy
ouuset
hemostandshar
ewi
thy
ourcl
ass.

Exer
cise7.Readthear
ticl
eaboute-
mai l
.Howoftendoy
ouusee
-
mail?Findoutnewvocabular
yandhighl
ightt
hem.
 E-
mai
l

E-
mai lisaninformat i
onandcommuni cat iontechnology.Itusestechnol
ogy
tocommuni cateadigitalmessagefrom asendert oar eceiver
overtheinternet.Themostpopul aremailplatfor
msi ncludeGmai l,
Hotmail,Yahoo!Mai l
, Outl
ookandmanyot hers.Generally
,
emailsystemsr equiredtheauthorandrecipient,
bot htobe
onli
neatt hesamet i
mei ncommonwi t
hinst antmessagi ng.

Anint
ernete-mai
lhasthreecomponents:t
hemessage
envel
ope,themessageheaderandthemessagebody .The
messageheadercontainscontr
oli
nfor
mat i
on,subj
ectheader
fi
eldcanalsobeaddedandt hebodycontai
nsthemainmessagewi
thmany
di
ffer
entattachment
s.

I
nter
est
ingf
act
s:
1)Thefi
rstemailsentwasin1971.RayTomli
nson,theengineerwho
i
nvent
edt heemai lpr
ogr
am ontheARPANETsy st
em, sentthemessage
tohi
mselfandr eceiv
edi
tonacomput ersi
tt
ingri
ghtnexttohim.

2)Al
most2,8mi
l
li
onemai
lar
esentev
erysecond,
accor
dingt
oInt
ernet
Li
veSt
ats.

3)Peopl
echeckt
hei
remai
labout15t
imesaday
.

4)86%ofpr
ofessi
onal
ssayt
hatemai
li
sthei
rfav
ori
tewayt
o
communi
cate.

5)Onl
y14%oft
heemai
l
saper
sonr
ecei
vesev
erydayar
econsi
der
ed
i
mport
ant
.

Exer
cise8. Doy
ouknow whati
sSky
pe?Readt
het
extaboutt
hisappand
answert
hequest
ions.

Whati
sSky
pe?

How manyofust
odaycan`
tli
vewi
thoutI
nter
net
.Itbecameanessent
ial
par
tof moder
n soci
ety
.Many t
erms r
elat
ed t
o new t
echnol
ogy appear
ev
ery
wher
eint
hewor
ldbecauseoft
hei
nter
act
ionofpeopl
einv
ari
ousf
iel
ds.
Andt
hemosti
mpor
tantconnect
ingt
oolf
ort
hatt
ocommuni
cat
eanddev
elopi
s
I
nter
net
.

Ev
erydaywekeepi
ntouchwi
thourf
ri
endsusi
ngdi
ff
erentsoci
alnet
wor
king
apps,wemakev
oicecal
l
sandev
env
ideocal
ltobecl
osert
oeachot
her
.Some
peopl
epr
eferj
ustt
otextmessagesandot
her
stoseeaf
ri
end.Suppor
ti
ngt
his
i
dea,
inAugust2003Sky
pewasf
ounded.

Sky
pei
sav
ail
abl
einov
er28l
anguagesandi
susedi
nal
mostev
erycount
ry
ar
ound t
he wor
ld.Ev
ery day mi
l
li
ons of peopl
e use Sky
pe sof
twar
eto
communi
cat
ewi
thot
her
sthr
oughf
reev
oiceandv
ideocal
l
s,aswel
lasi
nst
ant
messages.

Exer
cise9.Mat
cht
hewor
dsont
hel
eftwi
tht
hewor
dsont
her
ight
.

1.go a)t
heweb

2.do b)onl
i
ne

3.sur
f c)emai
l
s

4.del
ete d)onal
i
nk

5.downl
oad e)anI
nter
netsear
ch

6.cl
i
ck f
)musi
c

Exer
cise10.Pr
ojectwor
k.Spl
i
tupi
npai
rsandwor
k.

3)I
ntervi
ewother
1)Createa 2)Trytomakey our studentsatschool
crosswordabout ownblogaboutdail
y aboutthei
rfavori
te
i
nternetand
l
i
featschool i
nter
netapps
socialnet
work

wok
r
oject
r
 6)I
fpossibl
e,ask
4)Makeupa 5)Answerthe your
di
alogue quest
ionsbelow cl
assmates.t
hese
quest
ions
Answert
hequest
ions:

1)Doy
ougoont
heI
nter
net
?Ifso,
whatar
eyourf
avor
it
ewebsi
te?
2)Doy
ouhav
eabl
ogorr
eadot
herpeopl
e`s?
3)Doy
oudownl
oadmat
eri
alf
rom t
heI
nter
net
?Whatdoy
oudownl
oad?
4)Doy
ouwat
chf
il
mswi
thsubt
it
lesorwi
thout
?
5)Whatar
eSaf
ari
,Expl
orerandFi
ref
ox?
6)Whati
sspam?
7)Howdoy
ousayt
his:
Mer
dan.
Sapar
ow@gmai
l
.com?
8)Howmanyhour
syoucanspendonl
i
ne?
9)Howoftenyouchangeyourpasswor
ds?Doyouuseonepasswor
dforal
l
yourpr
ofi
lesory
oucreatenewoneforeach?
Uni
t3.
SOCI
ETYANDME

Lesson1. Ther
ulesofet
iquet
te.
Aboutgoodmanner
s.

1.Li
stenandr
epeat
.

Eti
quet
te,customs,r
ules,behav
ior
,punct ual
,
arr
ogant,boastf
ul,cauti
on, kindness, dist
ingui
sh,
accept
able, har
mony

2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds.
et
iquet
te _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

cust
oms _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

r
ules _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

behav
ior _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

ki
ndness _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
di
sti
ngui
sh _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

accept
abl
e _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

har
mony _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

at
ti
tude _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

caut
ion _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

boast
ful _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

ar
rogant _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

punct
ual _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

3.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.

etiquet te -rulesf orpol i

tebehav iorsoci et
y
cust om -gener all
yaccept edbehav ior
rules -statementofwhatmay ,
mustormustnotbedone
behav ior -thewayt hatsb.behav es,especi all
ytowardsot herpeopl
e
kindness -thequal i
tyofbei ngki nd
distinguish-tor ecogni zet hedi fferencebet weent wopeopl eorthi
ngs
accept abl
e-agr eedorappr ovedofbymostpeopl ei nsociety
har mony -ast ateofpeacef ulexi stenceandagr eement
attit
ude -t hewayt haty oubehav etowar dssb. /smth.thatshows
howy ouf eel andt hink
caut ion -nott akinganyr isks
boast ful -talkingabouty oursel finav er
ypr oudway
arrogant -behav inginapr oud, unpl easantway
punct ual -happeni ngordoi ngst h.
att hear rangedorcor rectt
ime,
notl ate

4.Readthetextaboutt
her
ules
ofet
iquet
te.

Ther
ulesofet
iquet
te
Et
iquet
tei
sthecustomsorrulesof
pol
i
teandcorectbehav
r iori
nsocialand
off
icialli
fe.Et
iquet
t saboutki
ei ndness,
iti
saboutbei
ngf
ri
endl
y,i
tisaboutbei
ng
pol
ite.Itisaboutgoodmanners.Eti
quet
tehel
psusknowhowtotreatot
hers.

They dist
inguish sev eralt ypes ofet i
quet t
e.They ar e soci
alet i
quette,
prof
essionalet i
quet t
e,meet ing etiquet
te,eat i
ng et i
quett
e etc. The soci al
eti
quetteisoneoft hemosti mpor tanteti
quettes.Itinf
ormsani ndi
vidualabout
thenor msandbehav iort hatsoci etyconsiders acceptabl
e.Itreferstoy our
behaviorwit
hy ourfami ly
,friends,neighbours,cowor ker
sorst r
anger
s.Itteaches
ustofollowsocialnor mst oliveinhar monywi t
hot hers.

Ontheotherhand,mannersarebehav
ior
sthatr
efl
ectaper sat
son’ ti
tude.
I
t’
sgoodmannerstofol
loweti
quet
te.

Ther
ulesofet
iquet
tet
eachesushowt
obeni
ce.Her
ear
esomeoft
hem:

Bey
our
sel
fandal
l
owot
her
stot
reaty
ouwi
thr
espect
.
Say“
Thanky
ou!
”
Li
stenbef
orespeaki
ng.
Speakwi
t ndnessandcaut
hki ion.
Gi
vegenui
necompl
i
ment
s.
tbeboast
Don’ ful
,ar
rogantorl
oud.
Bepunct
ual
.

5.SayTr
ueorFal
se.
1.Somet
imesi
tisr
eal
l
ygoodt
ober
ude. T F
2.Tosay“
Thanky
ou”i
sver
yimpor
tant
. T F
3.Youshoul
dli
stenbef
orey
ouspeak. T F
4.I
tisi
mpol
i
tet
obeal
way
slat
e. T F
5.Youshoul
dthi
nkbef
orey
ouact
. T F

6.Readt
extaboutEngl
i
shmanner
s.Doy
ouagr
eewi
tht
hem?

1.I
nEngl
andt
hel
adyi
sthef
ir
stt
ogr
eet
.
 2.Mendonotusual
l
yrai
set
hei
rhat
stoot
hermen,t
heyr
aiset
hei
rhat
sto
l
adi
esonl
y.
3.Agentl
eman(butnotalady
)alwaystakesof
fhisri
ghthandgl
ovewhen
hewantst
oshakehandswithaladyoragent
leman.
4.Agent
lemanal
way
swal
ksont
hesi
denear
estt
other
oadi
fhewal
ks
wi
thal
ady.
5.Ladiesandgirl
swhoknow eachotherv
erywel
lorgr
eatf
ri
endskiss
eachotherwhentheymeetorpar
t.Menusual
l
ymeetandpartwi
tha
handshake.
6.I
fyoudonotknowt
henameofal
ady
,cal
lher“
Madam”wheny
ouspeak
t
oher.
7.I
fy ouaskedattabl
ewhet
heryouwantthi
sorthat
,say“Thanky
ou”i
fyou
wishtohaveit
,butify
oudonotwisht
ohav ei
tyoushouldsay“
No,t
hank
you”.
8.Forev
ery
thi
nganEngl
i
shmanr
ecei
ves,
hesay
s“Thanky
ou!
”
9.Aski
ngf
orsomet
hing,
theyei
therbegi
norendwi
th“
Please”
.

7.Mat
cht
hesent
ences.

1.Ify
ouaskedatt
het abl
ewhetheryouwant a.t
heyei
therbegi
nand
endwi
th. ``
please`
`thisorthat,
2.Aski
ngf
orsomet
hing, b.say`
`t
hanky
ou`
`i
fyouwi
sh
t
ohaveit
.
3.I
fyoudon’
tknowt
heameofal
ady
, c.
cal
lher`
`madam`
`.
4.Agent
lemanal
way
stakesof
fhi
sri
ghthandgl
ove d.whenhewant
s
t
oshake
hands.
5.I
nEngl
andt
hel
adyi
s e.al
way
sfi
rst
.
6.Mendon’
tususal
l
yrai
set
hei
rhat
stoot
hermen, f
.ifhewal
kswi
th
al
ady
7.Agent
lemanal
way
swal
ksont
hesi
denear
estt
other
oad g.t
heyrai
se
t
hei
r
hat
stoladi
es
 onl
y.
8.Forever
ythi
ngEngl
i
shmanr
eci
eves h.hesay
s``
thank
you`
`.

8.ReadmoreabouttheEt
iquet
te.Deci
dewhaty
oushoul
ddoorshoul
dn`
tdo,
putt
ickorcr
oss.

Gui
det
omobi
l
ephoneet
iquet
te
Swi
tchof
fyourphonei
nat
heat
re. _
___
__

Tal
kloudl
yony
ourphonei
npi
bli
c. _
___
__

Nev
ersendt
extmessageswheny
ouar
edr
ivi
ng. _
___
__

Repl
ytoamessageony
ourphonewhi
l
eyouar
etal
ki
ng. _
___
__

t
osomebodyf
ace-
to-
face.

Pl
ayni
osygamesonaphonei
npubl
i
c. _
___
__

Usey
ourphoneatapet
rol
stat
ion. _
___
__

Takephot
osofpeopl
ewi
thoutper
missi
on. _
___
__

Sety
ourphonet
osi
l
entmodeonat
rai
n. _
___
__

Tur
nof
fyourphoneonapl
anedur
ingt
ake-
offandl
andi
ng. _
___
__

9.Answert
hequest
ionai
reandt
heni
nter
wiewy
ourpar
tner
.

Let
`sdeci
dehowwel
l
-manner
edy
ouar
e?

WHENYOUAREHAVI NGA
MEALWI THFRIENDSI NA
RESTAURANT. .
.
*l
eaveyourmobil
eonsi l
entonthet
abl
einf
rontofy
ou;
*answerorsendatextormessage;
*makeaphonecall.
 WHENYOUAREGREETI NGPEOPLE…
*usemoreformallanguagewhenspeakingt
oanol derper
son;
*hugawomanwheny oumeetherforthefi
rstt
ime;
*useyourpar
tner
'sparents'
fir
stnames.

WHENYOUAREI NVI
TEDTO
SOMEBODY' SHOUSE. ..
*cri
ti
cizet
hef ood(e.
g.ifi
tist
oocol
d,sal
ty,
etc.
);
*takeapresent;
*writ
eanemai ltosay‘t
hankyou’
.

10. Wr
it
eaboutt
hemanner
srel
atedt
oTur
kmencul
tur
eandt
radi
ti
ons.

1. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
2. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
3. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
4. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
5. _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
Uni
t3.
SOCI
ETYANDME

Lesson2. Aboutmymanner
s. Iam i
nmy
cl
assmatespoi
nt. Compoundnouns.

Thank
Goodmanner
s
you Pl
ease

1.Li
stenandr
epeat
.

manners, behavior
, di
sci
pli
ned, peacef
ul,
neat, permissi
on, respectf
ul,
confi
dent,
secure, enthusi
ast
ic, nervous,

2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds:

Manner s __
________
________
___
Behavior __
________
________
___
Disci
pli
ned __
________
________
___
Peaceful ______
________
_______
Neat __
________
________
___
Permission ____
________
________
_
Respectful ____
________
________
_
Confi
dent _
________
________
____
Secure _
________
________
____
 Ent
husi
ast
ic_____
______
______
____
Ner
vous ___
______
______
______
Cal
m _
______
______
______
__

3.Wor
kwi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.

Manner
s behav
iort
hati
sconsi
der
edt
obepol
i
te.

Behav
ior t
hewayt
hatsomebodybehav
es.

Di
sci
pli
ned cont
rol
l
edbehav
iororsi
tuat
ion.

Peacef
ul noti
nvol
vi
nganar
gument
.

Neat t
idy
.

Per
missi
on st
atementofal
l
owi
ngsomebodyt
odosomet
hing.

Respect
ful showi
ngorf
eel
i
ngr
espect
.

Conf
ident f
eel
i
ngsur
eabouty
ourownabi
l
ityt
odot
hings

andbesuccessf
ul.

Secur
e f
eel
i
nghappyandconf
identabouty
our
sel
f.

Ent
husi
ast
ic af
eel
i
ngofi
nter
esti
nsomet
hingandspendi
ngal
otof

t
imedoi
ngi
t.

Ner
vous anxi
ousaboutsomet
hingoraf
rai
dofsomet
hing.

Cal
m notexci
ted,
ner
vousorupset
.

4.Uset
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
dswher
enecessar
y.

ent
husi
ast
ic,ner
vous,
confident,
respect
ful
per
missi
on,neat
,disci
pli
ned
1.Theysati
nher_
___
_andt
idyki
tchen.

2.If
eltr
eal
l
y__
___
__bef
oret
hei
nter
view.

3.Theteacherwantsst
udent
stof
eel
___
___
__aboutaski
ngquest
ionswhen
theydon`
tunderst
and.

5.Hei
sgoi
ngt
obev
erysuccessf
ulbecausehei
swel
l__
___
__.

6.Shet
ookt
hecarwi
thout_
___
___
___
.

7.Mahymisver
y___
___
___
aboutwr
it
ingpoems.Shespendshour
s
composi
ngthem.

5.Readt
het
ext
.

Aboutmymanner
s

Hel
l
o!Mynamei
sMer
jen.Il
i
vei
n
Ashgabat
.Igo t
o asecondar
yschool
andenj
oyl
ear
ningEngl
i
sh.Iam f
ondof GoodManner
s
r
eadi
ngbooks.Il
i
ker
eadi
ngf
orei
gnand Nev
er
Tur
kmenl
i
ter
atur
e.It
hinkt
hatr
eadi
ng
hel
psal
oti
nli
fe.Ev
eryt
imey
oucan Gooutofst
yle
l
ear
nmanyt
hings.Theyusual
l
yteachus
goodmanner
sandhowt
obehav
eyour
sel
f.

Goodmanner
sar
enecessar
yforaper
sont
oli
veahappy
,di
sci
pli
ned
andpeacef
ull
i
feaswel
last
obesuccessf
uli
nanyf
iel
d.Ther
ear
emany
goodmanner
stof
oll
ow i
nourl
i
fe.Byf
oll
owi
ngt
hem wecanbecomea
goodper
son.Ev
ery
onewi
l
llov
eyouandt
rusty
oui
fyouf
oll
ow t
hese
manner
s.Iwantt
otel
lyouaboutmanner
sthatIf
oll
owev
eryt
ime.Theyar
e
 usef
uli
nsoci
al,per
sonalandschooll
i
fe.Ìdl
i
ket
oshar
ethem wi
thy
ou.
Theyar
easf
oll
ows:

1.Gr
eetev
ery
onewi
thr
espect
.

2.Takecar
eofy
ourheal
th,
getupear
lyi
nthemor
ning,
brushy
our
t
eet
h,t
akeashower
.Tokeepy
ourbodyandmi
ndcl
ean.

3.Dosomephy
sical
exer
cisei
fpossi
ble.

4.Tobeneatandcl
ean.

5.Ber
espect
ful
wit
hyourpar
ent
s.Takeaper
missi
onwheny
ougoout
oft
hehouse.

6.Usemagi
cal
wor
ds“
please”
,“t
hanky
ou”and“
sor
ry”
.

7.Don`
ttaket
hingswi
thoutper
missi
on.

8.Nev
eri
nter
fer
ebet
weenot
her
`st
alkandwai
tfory
ourt
urn.

9.Nev
erusebadwor
dsorabusei
nfr
ontofot
her
s.

10. Gossi
pandt
alki
ngbadaboutot
her
sisnott
heexampl
eofgood
manner
s.

6.Answert
hequest
ions.

1.Whatar
esomet
hingst
hatpeopl
eshoul
ddot
obepol
i
te?
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

2.Whatar
esomeexampl
esofi
mpol
i
tebehav
iort
haty
ouhav
enot
iced?
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

3.Whatexampl
esofbadmanner
sdoy
ouof
tensee?
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

4.Howdoy
ouusual
l
ybehav
eyour
sel
fwi
thol
derpeopl
e?
 _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
5.I
nwhi
chsi
tuat
ionsi
tisext
rai
mpor
tantt
obepol
i
te?
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

CompoundNouns

We of ten use two or mor e nouns toget

her
(noun+noun)to mean one t
hing/
per
son/
idea.For
example:

t
enni
sbal
l bl
ackboar
d wor
kbook
homewor
k i
cecr
eam snowbal
l

Oft
enthef ir
stword endsi
n–i
ng.Usual
l
ythesear
ethi
ngsused f
ordoi
ng
somet
hing.Forexampl
e:

awashi
ngmachi
ne adi
ningr
oom aswi
mmi
ngpool
Whennounsar
etoget
herli
ket
his,somet
imeswewr
it
ethem asonewor
dand
somet
imesast
woseparat
ewor
ds.Forexampl
e:

aheadache t
oot
hpast
e aweekend t
abl
etenni
s
Ther
earenoclearr
ulesforthi
s.I
fy ouar
enotsur
e,i
tisusuall
ybet
tert
owr
it
e
twowor
ds.Youcanoftenputahyphen(-
)bet
weent
hetwowor ds:

adi
ning-
room t
heci
ty-
cent
er

NOTE:
at
hree-
hourj
our
ney(
not“
athr
ee-
hour
sjour
ney
)

at
en-
poundnot
e(not“
pounds”
)

smar
t14-
year
-ol
dgi
rl(
not“
year
s”)
7.Mat
cht
hewor
dsf
rom ci
rcl
eAwi
thwor
dsi
nBt
omakecompoundnouns.

Road Acci
dent

Concer
t Chocol
ate

Hor
se Ti
cket

Mi
l
k Room

Bat
h Race

8.Answert
hequest
ionsusi
ngt
wooft
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
dseacht
ime.

acci
dentbel
tcar
dcr
edi
tedi
torf
orecastnewspapernumberr
oad
r
oom seatshopweat
herwi
ndow

1.Thi
scanbecausedbybaddr
ivi
ng.Ar
oadacci
dent

2.I
fyouar
est
ayi
ngatahot
el,
youneedt
oremembert
his.Your_
___
__

3.Youshoul
dweart
hiswheny
ouar
einacar
.A_
___
__

4.Youcansomet
imesuset
hist
opayf
ort
hingsi
nst
eadofcash.A_
___
_

5.I
fyouwantt
oknowi
fit
`sgoi
ngt
orai
n,y
oucanr
eadorl
i
stent
othi
s.A
_
___
___
 6.Thi
sper
soni
sat
opj
our
nal
i
st.A_
___
___
_

7.Youmi
ghtst
opt
olooki
nthi
swheny
ou`
rewal
ki
ngal
ongt
hest
reet
.

A_
___
___

9.Compl
etet
hesent
encesusi
ngoneoft
hef
oll
owi
ng.

15minut
e(s)60minut
e(s)twohour(
s)fi
veday(
s)twoy ear(
s) 500
year(
s)sixmil
e(s)20pound(
s)fiv
ecourse(
s)tenpage(s)450page(
s)

ATTENTION:Someti
mesy ouneedthesi
ngul
ar(
day
/page)and
someti
mestheplur
al(day
s/pages)

1.I
t`
squi
teal
ongbook.Ther e450pages.
ear
2.Af
ewday
sagoIr
ecei
vedat
en-
pagel
ett
erf
rom Mer
jen.
3.Idi
dn`
thav
eanychange.Ionl
yhada_
___
__not
e.
4.Atwor
kint
hemor
ningIusual
l
yhav
ea_
___
___
___br
eakf
orcof
fee.
5.Ther
ear
e__
___
___
__i
nanhour
.
6.I
tisonl
ya_
___
___
___
fli
ghtf
rom Londont
oMadr
id.
7.I
twasabi
gmeal
.Ther
ewer
e__
___
___
_.
8.Mar
yhasj
ustst
art
edanewj
ob.She`
sgota_
___
___
___
cont
ract
.
9.Theol
destbui
l
dingi
ntheci
tyi
sthe_
___
___
___
__ol
dcast
le.
10. Iwor
k__
___
___
_aweek.Sat
urdayandSundayar
efr
ee.
11. Wewentf
ora_
___
___
___
_wal
kint
hecount
ry.

10.Pai
rwork.Dothisqui
zinor
dert
odist
inqui
shyourcl
assmate`spersonal
i
ty.
Thenscor
ey ouranswersandfi
ndoutwhichcat
egorybestdescr
ibeseachof
you.

Iam i
nmycl
assmat
e`spoi
nt
 Per
sonal
i
tyQui
z

1.Whenyourf
ri
endwor
ksonabi
gpr
oject
,doeshe/
she:
a.t
ri
est
ofi
nishi
tasqui
ckl
yaspossi
ble?
b.wor
ksoni
tov
eral
ongper
iodoft
me?
c.put
sof
ffi
nishi
ngi
tasl
ongaspossi
ble?

2.Whenhe/
shedoessomet
hing,
doeshe/
she:
a.t
ri
est
odoaf
ir
st-
classj
obsopeopl
ewi
l
lnot
ice?
b.doesi
taswel
lashe/
shecanwi
thoutwor
ryi
ngt
oomuchabouti
t?
c.doesonl
ywhathe/
shemustt
ogeti
tdone?

3.Whenf
acedwi
thadi
ff
icul
tchal
l
enge,
doeshe/
she:
a.l
ookf
orwar
dtof
aci
ngi
t?
b.wor
ryaboutdeal
i
ngwi
thi
t?
c.av
oidi
tifpossi
ble?

4.Doesy
ourf
ri
endt
hinkt
hebestwayt
ogett
hemostoutofadayi
sto:
a.doasmanyt
hingsaspossi
ble?
b.t
akey
ourt
imet
ogett
hingsdone?
c.doonl
ythoset
hingsy
our
eal
l
yhav
eto?

5.Whensomet
hingneedst
obedone,
doeshe/
she:
a.deci
det
odoi
tyour
sel
f?
b.wor
kwi
thot
her
stogeti
tdone?
c.of
fert
odoi
tonl
yifnooneel
sewi
l
l?
 6.Whensomet
hingdoesn`
twor
koutt
hewayy
ourf
ri
endwant
s:
a.he/
sheget
sangr
ywi
thhi
msel
fandot
her
s?
b.t
hinkscal
mlyaboutwhatt
odo?
c.gi
vesupbecausei
twasn`
timpor
tantany
way
?

7.Whenpeopl
etakeal
ongt
imet
ogetsomet
hingdone,
doeshe/
she:
a.get
simpat
entandt
akesov
er?
b.gent
lyencour
agest
hem t
ogeti
tdone?
c.l
etst
hem t
aket
hei
rti
me?

8.I
ftocompar
eyourgoal
s,doeshe/
she
a.set
soutt
odomuchbet
tert
hany
ou?
b.hopest
haty
ouandt
heycanachi
evesi
mil
art
hingsi
nli
fe?
c.doesn`
tcar
eifsomebodyset
shi
ghergoal
sthanhi
msel
f?
9.Whenpeopl
ear
elat
eforappoi
ntment
s,doeshe/
she:
a.get
sangr
yandst
ressedout
?
b.r
emembert
hathe/
shei
ssomet
imesl
ate,
too?
c.nowor
ri
es,
becausehe/
shei
susual
l
ylat
e,t
oo?
10. Whenpeopl
ear
etal
ki
ngt
ohi
m/her
,doeshe/
she:
a.notl
i
stenandt
hinkaboutot
hert
hings?
b.l
i
stenandent
eri
ntot
heconv
ersat
ion?
c.l
ett
hem t
akeov
erandagr
eewi
thev
ery
thi
ngt
heysay
?
11. Whenpeopl
ear
eexpr
essi
ngt
hei
rideasandopi
nions,
doesy
our
fr
iend:
a.st
epi
nandgi
vey
ourownopi
nions?
b.l
i
stenandshar
eowni
deas?
c.Li
stenbutnotaddy
ourownopi
nions?
Scor
ing:
CountuphowmanyA,
B,Canswer
syourpar
tnergav
e.I
fther
ear
e…

mor
eAanswer
s:Thi
sper
soni
sasuper
achi
ever
.
mor
eBanswer
s:Thi
sper
soni
sthecool
andst
eadyt
ype.

mor
eCanswer
s:Thi
sper
soni
stheeasy
goi
ngorcar
efr
eet
ype.

11. Gr
oup wor k. Compar
e your scor
es. Then suggest f
our basi
c
char
act
eri
sti
csofeachper
sonal
i
tyty
pe.

“
Thesuperachi
everi
sthekindofper
sonwho…
Heorshecan`tst
anditwhen…”

1.
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
2.
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
3.
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
4.
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

12.Thesewor dsar
eusedt
odescri
bepeopl
eorthei
rper
sonal
it
ytype.Wor
k
wit
hdict
ionar
yanddeci
dewhi
chareposi
ti
ve(
P)?Whichar
enegati
ve(N)?

anxi
ous_
___
___
___
___
___ embar
rassed_
___
___
___
__
cal
m__
___
___
___
___
___
_ ent
husi
ast
ic_
___
___
___
___
comf
ort
abl
e__
___
___
___
__ ner
vous_
___
___
___
___
___
conf
ident
___
___
___
___
___ secur
e__
___
___
___
___
___
cur
ious_
___
___
___
___
___
_ suspi
ci
ous_
___
___
___
___
_
depr
essed_
___
___
___
___
__ wor
ri
ed_
___
___
___
___
___
Uni
t3.
SOCI
ETYANDME

Lesson3. Clothesfordi
ff
erentsi
tuat
ions.
Myst y
leofcl
othing.

1.Li
stenandr
epeat
.

cl
othes,or
dinar
y, pl
ain, f
ashi
onabl
e,

scr
uff
y,f
ormal
,el
egant
, desi
gner
, t
rendy
,

war
m,ci
vi
li
an, ol
d-f
ashi
oned, dowdy
, casual
,

2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds:
cl
othes_
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

or
dinar
y__
___
___
___
___
___
___

scr
uff
y__
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

f
ormal
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

el
egant_
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

desi
gner_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

t
rendy_
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

f
ashi
onabl
e__
___
___
___
___
___
_

war
m__
___
___
___
___
__
 ol
d-f
ashi
oned_
___
___
___
___
___
_

dowdy_
___
___
___
___
___
__

pl
ain_
___
___
___
___
___
__

casual
___
___
___
___
___
___

3.Wor
kwi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.
clothes–t hingsy ouwearev eryday
ordinar y-usual, notdi f
ferentinanyway
scruf f
y -dir
tyorunt i
dy
formal -v er
ycor rectorsui t
ablef orof
fi
cialorimport
antoccasi
ons
elegant-at tractiv eanddesi gnedwel l
designer -(clothing)madebyaf amousdesi gner
trendy -veryfashi onable
fashionabl e-followi ngast ylethatispopularataparti
cul
arti
me
old-fashioned-notmoder n,nol ongerfashi
onable
dowdy -notat tract i
veorf ashionable
plain-si mple,notdecor ated
casual -notf ormal

Di
dyou
know? Clot
hesisapl ur
alnoun.I
fyouwanttotal
kaboutoneshi
rt
shir
t,onesock,et
c.yousayapieceofcl
othi
ngorit
em of
cl
othi
ng.

Cl
othesi
sal
way
sfol
l
owedbyapl
ural
ver
b:

Al
lmycl
othesar
epackedandIam r
eadyf
or
myt
ri
p.
 Col
l
ocat
ionswi
th“
clot
hes”

VERBS PHRASES ADJ/

NOUN+CLOTHES
achangeofcl
othes warm cl
othes
towearcl othes casualcl
othes
bedressedin…clot
hes ev
eningclothes
putyourclotheson
takeoff/remov ey
ourcl
othes designercl othes
changeclothes somebody `sbestclothes
formal clothes
school /
wor kclothes
spor tscl othes
ordinar ycl othes
civi
li
ancl ot hes
babycl othes
mat er ni
tycl othes
plaincl othes
fashionabl e/tr
endyclothes
elegantcl othes
old-fashi onedcl othes
smar tclothes
scruf fyclot hes
second- handcl othes
dowdycl othes

4.Compl
etesent
enceswi
thappr
opr
iat
eadj
ect
ives.

f
ashi
onabl
e ol
d-f
ashi
oned

scr
uff
y smar
t st
yli
sh t
rendy

1.Longski
rt
sar
ev yf
er ashi
onabl
enow.
 2.Shei sv ery_
______
__.Shealway swear sthelatestf
ashions.
3.TheI tali
anshav eareputati
onforbei ngvery__ _
___
____-theywear
fashionableandat tr
acti
veclothes.
4.Hel ooksr eall
y___
______
_.Hisclothesareol dandabi tdi
rty.
5.Janel ookedv ery____
_____inhernewsui t
.Shewant edtomakeagood
i
mpr ession.
6.Thatt ieisabit______
____.I
sthaty ourfather`
s?

NOTE!

t
rendy
,st
yli
sh,
andf
ashi
onabl
e
Fashionabl
eisageneral adject
ive,
andmeansf oll
owingast ylethatis
popularatapart
icul
ar
ti
me.
Trendyi sv
erysimil
ar,butismor e
i
nformal.
Styl
ishmeansfashionableand
att
racti
ve

5.Readt
het
extaboutSer
dar
`sst
yleofcl
othi
ngandanswert
hequest
ions.

MYSTYLEOFCLOTHI
NG

Clot
hesar
eanimportantpartofouror
dinar
yli
fe.Ther
earev ar
iousstyl
es
ofcl
othesnowaday
s,sopeoplecanchoosewhattowearondiff
erentoccasi
ons.

Asf orme,Ihaveagoodcol lecti

onofclothesinmywar dr
obe.Therearea
coupleofsuitswhichareofcl assicsty
le.Iweart hem toschool
.ThenIhav e
somej eansandT-shi
rt
sf orcasualdays.Andatl astIhaveacoupleoft r
ouser
s
andshi r
tsforpar
ti
esandspeci aloccasions.Mostofal lIl
ikeweari
ngor di
nar
y
j
eanswi thmatchi
ngshir
ts.Ithi
nkitisnotonlyconvenient
,butal
sostyl
ish.

Asforshoes,
Ipref
erwear
ingspor
tsshoesorsneaker
s,butIneedtowear
someblackclassi
cshoesto school
.Ili
kewear i
ng leat
hershoes,theyare
comf
ort
ableanddurabl
e.
 Ial
waystr
ytokeepmycl
othesandshoesneat.It
hinkt
hatcl
othest
ellalot
aboutpeopl
eandcanmakeastrongimpressi
on.Soift
heyareti
dyandnice,t
he
i
mpr essi
onwil
lbeposi
ti
ve.

6.SayTr
ueorFal
se?

1.Thest
ylesofcl
othesnowaday
sar
ever
ypoor
. _
___
___
_
2.Ser
darhasagoodcol
l
ect
ionofcl
othesi
nhi
swar
drobe. _
___
___
_
3.Hewear
sjeansandshi
rt
stoschool
. _
___
___
_
4.Hewear
scl
othesofcl
assi
cal
sty
let
othepar
ti
es. _
___
___
_
5.Mostofal
lSer
darl
i
kesj
eanswi
thmat
chi
ngshi
rt
s. _
___
___
_
6.Hepr
efer
swear
ingsneaker
s. _
___
___
_
7.Ser
dardoesn`
tli
kel
eat
hershoes,
theyar
enotconv
eni
ent
.__
___
___
8.Heal
way
skeepshi
scl
othesandshoesneat
. _
___
___
_
9.Cl
othescant
ell
alotaboutaper
son. _
___
___
_
10. Ti
dycl
othesmakeaposi
ti
vei
mpr
essi
onabouty
ou.
___
___
__

7.I
nter
viewy
ourpar
tnerwi
tht
hesequest
ions.

1.Whatt
ypeofcl
othesdoy
oul
i
ket
owear
?
2.Whatki
ndofcl
othesdopeopl
einy
ourcount
ryusual
l
ywear
?
3.Howi
mpor
tanti
sfashi
ont
oyou?
4.Whatki
ndofcl
othesdoy
oudi
sli
ke?
5.Doy
out
hinkpeopl
ebehav
edi
ff
erent
lyi
ndi
ff
erentki
ndsofcl
othes?

Cl
othesf
ordi
ff
erentsi
tuat
ions.

8.Mat
cht
hewor
dsandpi
ctur
es
Cl
othes

1. Coat

2. Dr
ess

3. Jacket 24. Ti
e

4. Jeans Jewel
l
ery

5. Shi
rt 25. Br
acel
et

6. Shor
ts 26. Ear
ri
ngs

7. Ski
rt 27. Neckl
ace

8. Sui
t 28. Ri
ng

9. Sweat
er(
synony
m Jumper
)

10. Tr
acksui
t

11. Tr
ouser
s

12. T-
shi
rt

13. Car
digan

Foot
wear

14. Boot
s

15. Sandal
s

16. Shoes

17. Tr
ainer
s

Accessor
ies

18. Bel
t

19. Cap

20. Hat

21. Gl
oves

22. Scar
f

23. Socks
9.Guesst
hewor
d.

1.Weart
hiswheni
tiscol
d. J_
___
___
___
__.
2.Weart
hem ony
ourf
eetwheny
ougoout
. S_
___
___
___
__.
3.Weweart
hem onourhandsi
nwi
nter
. G_
___
___
___
__.
4.Weputi
tonourneckwheni
tiscol
d. S_
___
___
___
__.
5.Weweart
hem whenwegoi
nforspor
ts. T_
___
___
___
__.
6.I
thast
woar
ms(
cal
l
edsl
eev
es)
. Sh_
___
___
___
_.
7.Weputt
hisuni
for
m onP.
E.cl
asses. T_
___
___
___
__.
8.Weweari
tonourhead. H_
___
___
___
__.
9.Gi
rl
sandwomenweari
t. D_
___
___
___
__.
10.
Weweart
hist
ypeofshoesi
nsummer
. S_
___
___
___
___
.

10. Mat
cht
hedef
ini
ti
onsoft
hei
dioms.

a.Rol
lupy
oursl
eev
es 1.Togetangr
y

b.Hotundert
hecol
l
ar 2.Togetr
eadyf
orwor
k

c.Ti
ght
eny
ourbel
t 3.Tospendl
essmoney

d.Wearyourhear
tony
our 4.Someoneli
kest
otal
kal
ot,
butdon`
t
sl
eeve doanyt
hing

e.Al
ltal
kandnot
rouser
s 5.Youmakey
ouremot
ionsv
eryv
isi
ble

f
.Knocky
oursocksof
f 6.Whenwet
ell
someonet
obequi
et

g.Toobi
gfory
ourboot
s 7.Bei
ngf
ull
ofy
our
sel
f
 h.Deeppocket
s 8.Someonewhohasl
otofmoney

i
.Undery
ourbel
t 9.Youachi
evedoracqui
redsomet
hing

j
.Toputasocki
nit 10. Tosur
pri
seor
i
mpr
esssomeone

Uni
t3.
SOCI
ETYANDME

Lesson4. Busi
nessst
yle.Condi
ti
onal
s.
Proj
ectwor
k.

1.Li
stenandr
epeat
.

at
ti
re, pr
ofessi
onal, casual , sol
i
d,
khaki, conserv
ative , gabar
dine,twi
l
l,
twinset
, knit, pant
yhose, moderat
e
 2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds:

At
ti
re-_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Pr
ofessi
onal
-__
___
___
___
___
___

Casual
-__
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

Sol
i
d-_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Khaki
-_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Conser
vat
ive-_
___
___
___
___
___
___

Gabar
dine-
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Twi
l
l-_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Twi
nset
-__
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

Kni
t-_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Pant
yhose-_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Moder
ate-_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

3.Wor
kwi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.
At
ti
re-cl
othes;
dressedf
ormal
;

Pr
ofessi
onal
-sui
tabl
eorappr
opr
iat
eforsb.wor
kingi
napar
ti
cul
arpr
ofessi
on;

Casual
-notf
ormal
;

Sol
i
d-st
rongandmadewel
l
;

Khaki
-ast
ronggr
eeni
shory
ell
owi
shbr
ownf
abr
ic;

Conser
vat
ive-showi
ngt
haty
oupr
efert
radi
ti
onal
sty
le;

Gabar
dine-ast
rongf
abr
icusedespeci
all
yformaki
ngr
aincoat
s;

Twi
l
l-wov
enf
abr
ic

Twi
nset
-awoman`
smat
chi
ngsweat
erandcar
digant
hatar
ewor
ntoget
her
;
Kni
t-cl
othesmadef
rom wool
enorcot
tont
hread;

Pant
yhose-t
ight
s(AmE)

Moder
ate-t
hati
snei
therv
erygoodnorv
erybad(
smal
l
,lar
ge,
etc.
);

4.Readt
hear
ti
cleabout“
Busi
nessst
yle”
.

Itisv er
yimport
antt o bedressed up appropri
atel
yforeachoccasi
on
nowadays.Peoplearedressedindi f
fer
entclothesf ortheevery
dayl
ife,j
ob
i
nter
views,work,
par
ti
es,t
heatres,
concert
sandi mportantmeeti
ngs.

Let`stalkaboutbusi nesssty l
eofcl othesandi sther eanydi f
fer
ence
betweencl othesf orwor kandf ori
mpor tantmeet i
ngs.Youpr obabl yhaveatleast
av aguei deaofwhatt oweart oajobi ntervi
ew-butt hen,i
fal lgoeswel l
,youget
thej ob offer.And atsomepoi nt,you` retoldt hattheof ficedr esscodei s
businesscasual .So,whati sthediffer
encet hen?St rctorpr
i of essionalbusiness
att
iremaybel esscomf ortablefordailywear ,butatleastweal lknowwhati sit
.
It
`sasui t.Busi nesscasuali sabi tdifferent
.Itmeansy oudon’ thavetoweara
suit,buty oushoul dn`twearj eansandshor ts. Youneedt oremembert hat
businesscasualat tir
ei snotdr essingupy ourev erydayclot hes;itisdressing
downy ourwor kclothes.

Busi
nesspr
ofessi
onal
att
ir
e Busi
nesscasual
att
ir
e

Men: Men:
 Sol
idcolor
,conservat
ivesuit
, Khaki
,gabardineorcotton
l
ong-sl
eevedshirt
,conserv
ativeti
e, pants,neatlypr
essed;
dar
ksocks,classi
cshoes; Cott
onlong-sl
eev edshir
ts,
Neathai
rstyl
e,tr
immednai l
s,li
tt
leornocol
ogne. Poloshi r
ts,kni
tshir
ts,
Sweater
s;
Leat
hershoesandbel t
;

Women: Women:
Sol
idcol
or,conserv
ati
vesuitwi
thabl ouse, Khaki
,twill
,orcot t
onpant s
moderat
eshoes, t
anorli
ghtpantyhose orski
rts,neatlypressed;
j
ewelr
yli
mi t
ed; Sweaters,twinsets,cardi
gan,
Neathai
rst
yle,t
idyandneatnai
ls,
lightmakeupand pol
oshi r
tsorkni tshirt
s;
l
it
tl
eperfume. Sol i
dcol or
sar ebettert
han
bri
ghtpatterns.

5.Condi
ti
onal
Sent
ences.

I
f +PresentSimpl
e=Future I f
+PastSimple,woul
d/should I
f+PastPerfect
,would+have+Past
(descri
besapossibl
esit
uati
on ( descri
besimaginaryor Part
icipl
e
i
nt hefuture) hy
pothet
icalsi
tuat
ioninthefut
ure) (descri
besunrealsi
tuat
ionandit
s
Exampl e: Example: resulti
nthepast)
.Exampl e:
I
fhecomesnow, we`l
lbeinti
me. I fIknewt heanswer,Iwoul
dt el
lyou. I fIhadgotagol dmedal,
Iwouldhavebeenhappy .

6.Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
tht
hecor
rectf
orm oft
hev
erb.
1.Ann(
be)sor
ryi
fHel
en(
notcome)
.
2.I
t(be)gr
eat
,ifAl
tyn(
get
)anewj
ob.
3.I
fyou(
do)cl
eani
ng,
I(do)i
roni
ng.
4.I
fI(
notgetup)t
il
lni
ne,
Inev
er(
get
)any
thi
ngdone.
5.I
fyou(
be)r
eadybef
oreei
ght
,we(
beabl
eto)cat
cht
heear
lyt
rai
n.
6.I
fguest
s(come)
,I(
cook)chi
ckenbr
east
s.
7.I
fhe(
donotst
udy
)anyl
anguages,
henev
er(
trav
el)t
hewor
ld.
8.Ifyou(break)al
ooki
nggl
ass,
you(
miss)agoodchance(t
heBr
it
ish
super
stit
ion)
9.Ify
ou(thr
ow)ahatont
hebed,
you(
face)somet
hingbad.(
theBr
it
ish
super
sti
ti
on)
10. I
fyou(
notdo)y
our
homewor
k,y
ourt
eacher(
be)di
sappoi
ntedwi
thy
ou.

Not
e:
I
nBr
it
ishEngl
ishaft
er“
if”weuse
“were”i
nsteadof“
was”.

Exampl
e:I
fIwer
eyou…

I
nAmer
icanEngl
i
shweuse“
was”
.

Whenaper sonexpressesawi sh
aboutapresentsi
tuati
onheusesa
pastver
b.Example: IwishIknew
It
ali
an.

7.Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
tht
hev
erbsi
nbr
acket
s.
1.I
fIhav
eenoughappl
es,
I(bake)anappl
epi
ethi
saf
ter
noon.
2.I
fIhadenoughappl
es,
I(bake)anappl
epi
ethi
saf
ter
noon.
3.Iwi
l
lfi
xyourbi
cycl
eifI(
hav
e)ascr
ewdr
iveroft
hepr
opersi
ze.
4.Iwoul
dfi
xyourbi
cycl
eifI(
hav
e)ascr
ewdr
iveroft
hepr
opersi
ze.
5.I(make)atomatosal
adf
ort
hepi
cni
ctomor
rowi
fthet
omat
oesi
nmy
gardenar
er i
pe.
6.I(make)at
omatosal
adf
ort
hepi
cni
ctomor
rowi
fthet
omat
oesi
nmy
gardenwer
eri
pe.
 7.Sal
l
ywi
l
lanswert
hephonei
fshe(
be)i
nherof
fi
cet
oday
.
8.Sal
l
ywoul
danswert
hephonei
fshe(
be)i
nherof
fi
cet
oday
.
9.I
ftheweat
heri
sni
cet
omor
row,
we(
go)t
otheZoo.
10. I
ftheweat
herwer
eni
cet
oday
,we(
go)t
otheZoo.

8.Putt
hebegi
nni
ngsandendst
oget
her
, ngi
usi f…wer
e.

Begi
nni
ngs Ends

1.he/abet
terdancer herf
eetwoul
dn`
thur
t.
2.I
/ar
abbi
t Iwoul
dn`
tbewor
king.
3.I
/for
tyy
ear
syounger Ìdbequi
tepr
ett
y.
4.I
/Mor
occan Ìdgi
vehol
i
day
s.
5.I
/manager Ìdgodanci
ng.
6.i
t/notsocol
d Ìdgof
orawal
k.
7.i
t/Sunday Ìdl
i
vei
nahol
e.
8.mynose/shor
ter ÌdspeakAr
abi
c
9.peopl
e/mor
esensi
ble l
i
fei
ntheof
fi
cewoul
dbe easi
er
10. she/bet
ter
-t
emper
edt
her
ewoul
dn`
tbeanywar
s.

9.Proj
ectwork.Spl
itupi
ntot
wogr
oupsandor
gani
zeacompet
it
ionwi
th
thesef
oll
owingtasks:
2.Makeawor ksheetwi
tht
ypes
ofcl
othes
1.Cr
eat
eacr
osswor
d
“
Clot
hes” 3.Makeupadi
alogue

Pr
ojectWor
k
4.Wr
it
eabout

y
ourf
ri
end`
s 6.I
magi
ney
our
sel
f

st
yleofcl
othes. 5.Wr
it
eanessay onaj
obi
nter
view,

“
Myst
yleofcl
othes” whatwoul
dyouwear
?

UNI
T4.
MYMOTHERLANDANDENGLI
SHSPEAKI
NG
COUNTRI
ES
Lesson1.Hol
i
day
sinTur
kmeni
stan.Neut
ral
i
tyDay
.
1.Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.
1.WhatTurkmenholidaysdoy ouknow?
2.HowdoTur kmenpeopl ecelebrat ethem?
3.What’
syourfavori
teholi
day?Wheni sthatholidaycel
ebr
ated?
4.Doyoumakegr eeti
ngcardsonspeci alholi
days?
5.Doyoupreferspr
ingorwi nt
erhol i
days?
6.Whendowecel ebrateConst i
tutionandFl agDay ?
7.Whendowecel ebrateI
nternational Women’ sDay ?
8.Doyougiveorgetpresentsont heNewYear ’sDay?
9.HowdoTur kmenpeopl ecelebrat eNowr uzHol i
day?

2.Mat
cht
henamesoft
heTur
kmenhol
i
day
swi
tht
hepi
ctur
es.
1.NewYear
’sday A.

2.I
ndependence B.
Day

3.Nowr
uzHol
i
day C.

4.Neut
ral
i
tyDay D.
5.Const
it
uti
onand E.
Fl
agDay

6.I
nter
nat
ional F.
Women’sDay

3.St
udyt
het
abl
e.
anni
ver
sar
y thedateonwhichsomethi
ngspeci
alori
mpor
tant
happenedinpr
eviousy
ears.
st
atus theoff
ici
all
egal
posit
ionorcondi
ti
onofaper
son,
group,
countr
yetc.
per
manent cont
inui
ngorendur
ingwi
thoutf
undament
alor
markedchange.
t
oappr
ove of
fi
cial
l
yagr
eet
ooracceptassat
isf
act
ory
.
to cel
ebr
atebysomecer
emonyorobser
vat
ion.
commemor
ate
v
iew asightorprospect
,ty
pical
l
yofatt
ract
ivenat
ural
scenery
,thatcanbetakeninbyt
heeyef r
om a
part
icul
arplace.
at
tached connect
edorj
oinedt
osomet
hing.

cheri
shed i
mpor
tant
,want
edandl
oved.
dreams
pr
osper
it
y t
hecondi
ti
onofbei
ngsuccessf
ulort
hri
vi
ng.

4.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
hei
rtr
anscr
ipt
ions.
anni
ver
sar
y [
ˈ
pɜː
m(ə)
nənt
]
st
atus [
kəˈ
memər
eɪt
]
per
manent [
ˈ
steɪ
təs]
t
oappr
ove [
ˈ
tʃer
ɪʃtdr
iː
mz]
t
ocommemor
ate [
prɒˈ
sper
ɪtɪ
]
v
iew [
əˈ
tæt
ʃt]
at
tached [
əˈ
pruː
v]
cher
isheddr
eams [
vj
uː]
pr
osper
it
y [
ænɪ
ˈ
vɜː
s(ə)
rɪ]
5.ReadKer
im’
semai
ltoNi
ck.

To:
nick@i
nfor
mai
l
.com
Fr
om:
ker
im_
tm@gmai
l
.com
Subj
ect
:Neut
ral
i
tyDay

DearNi
ck,
I
twasgr
eattogetyouremai
landt
hei
nfor
mationaboutthe
Bri
ti
shMuseum.Iam goi
ngtouseiti
nmypr
esentat
iononBrit
ish
cul
tur
e.

Howhav eyoubeensof ar?Iam OK.Youhaveaskedmet owrit

e
aboutTurkmenholidays.Wellit
’sDecembernowandwear egoi
ngto
haveournati
onalholidayonDecember12.I t’
sNeutral
i
tyDay!We’l
lbe
cel
ebrat
ingthe25thanniver
saryofourneutral
it
y.Ourcount
ry’
sstat
us
ofpermanentneutral
itywasappr ovedofbytheUnit
edNationsi
n
December1995,twent y-
sevenyearsago.
Tocommemor at
et hi
sgr eatev entthecount r
ybuil
tawonder f
ul
ArchofNeutral
i
ty,nearbythecapi t
al.Iti
sl ocatedhighabovethecit
y,
onamount ai
nhill
.Thev i
ewf rom theAr chi sreall
yfant
asti
c.On
Neutr
ali
tyDaypeopleusual l
yvisitt
heAr ch.(You’l
lfi
ndthepict
ure
at
tachedtotheemai l
).
Neut
rali
ty,
li
keI
ndependence,
isv
erydeart
ous.I
tisoneoft
he
cher
isheddreamsofournati
on.
Neutr
ali
tymeanspeaceandprosperi
tyf
ormynati
on.Neut
ral
i
ty
meanshappi
nessformynati
on.Neutr
ali
tymeanshappyl
if
efor
chi
l
dren.

Bestwi
shes,
Ker
im.
6.Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.
1.Whendowecel
ebr
ateNeut
ral
i
tyDayi
nTur
kmeni
stan?
2.Whatdi
dthecount
rybui
l
dtocommemor
atet
hisgr
eatev
ent
?
3.Wher
eist
heAr
chofNeut
ral
i
tyl
ocat
ed?
4.Howwi
l
lyoudescr
ibet
hev
iewf
rom t
heAr
ch?
5.Wher
edopeopl
evi
si
tonNeut
ral
i
tyDay
?
6.WhatdoesNeut
ral
i
tymeanf
orTur
kmenpeopl
e?
7.Howdoy
oucel
ebr
ateNeut
ral
i
tyDay
?

7.Wr
it
etr
ue(
T)orf
alse(
F).
1.Ourcountr
y ’
sstatusofper
manentneut r
ali
tywasapprov
edofbyt he
Unit
edNationsinDecember1991.
___
___
2.Neutr
ali
tymeanspeaceandpr osperi
tyf
ormynation. _____
_
t
h
3.Neutr
ali
tyDayisont he15 ofDecember . __
____
4.Tocommemor atethi
sgreateventthecountr
ybui
ltawonderful
Arch
ofNeutr
ali
ty. _____
5.Theviewfrom theArchisfant
astic. ___
___

8.Fi
l
lint
hebl
ankswi
tht
hewor
dsi
nthebox.

Tocommemor
ate anni
ver
sar
y f
ant
asti
c permanent
mount
ain cheri
shed vi
sit pr
osperi
ty appr
oved

1.I
tisl
ocat
edhi
ghabov
etheci
ty,
ona_
___
___
___
__hi
l
l.
2.__
___
_____
__thi
sgreatev
entthecount
rybui
l
tawonder
fulAr
chof
Neut
ral
i
ty,near
byt
hecapital
.
3.Thev
iewf
rom t
heAr
chi
sreal
l
y__
___
___
___
_.
 4.Neut
ral
i
tymeanspeaceand_
___
___
___
__f
ormynat
ion.
5.We’
l
lbecel
ebr
ati he25th_
ngt ___
___
___
__ofourneut
ral
i
ty.
6.I
tisoneoft
he_
___
___
___
__dr
eamsofournat
ion.
7.Ourcount
ry’
sstat
usof__
___
___
____neut
ral
it
ywas____
____
____of
bytheUni
tedNati
onsi
nDecember1995,t
wenty
-sev
enyearsago.
8.OnNeut
ral
i
tyDaypeopl
eusual
l
y__
___
___
___
_thear
ch.
9.Mat
chonehal
foft
hesent
enceswi
tht
heot
her
.
I
tisoneoft
he he25thanni
t ver
sar
yofourneut
ral
i
ty.
We’
l
lbecel
ebr
ati
ng t
hisgreateventt
hecount
rybui
l
ta
wonderful
ArchofNeutr
ali
ty
I
tisl
ocat
ed cher
isheddr
eamsofournat
ion.
Thev
iewf
rom peaceandpr
osper
it
yformynat
ion.
Tocommemor
ate hi
ghabov
etheci
ty,
onamount
ain
hi
l
l.
OnNeut
ral
i
tyDay permanentneutr
ali
tywasapprov
ed
ofbytheUnitedNati
onsinDecember
1995.
Ourcount
ry’
sst
atus t
heAr
chi
sreal
l
yfant
ast
ic.
of
Neut
ral
i
tymeans peopl
eusual
l
yvi
si
tthear
ch.

10.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
hei
rtr
anscr
ipt
ions.
deci
sion [
ˈ
mɑː
bl]
unani
mousl
y [
stɑː
ˈ
veɪ
ʃn]
uni
que [
dɪˈ
sɪ
ʒn]
mar
ble [
kəˈ
l
æmət
i]
 cal
ami
ty [
əˈ
bʌndəns]
i
nnocent [
juˈ
ni
ːk]
abundance [
ˈ
ɪnəsnt
]
st
arv
ati
on [
juˈ
nænɪ
məsl
i
]

11.St
udyt
hechar
tgi
venbel
ow.
st
arv
ati
on thestat
einwhichsomebodysuf
fer
sordi
es
becausetheyhavenof
ood.
mar
ble atypeofhardst
onethatisusuall
ywhit
eand
of
tenhascolour
edli
nesinit.I
tcan
bepoli
shedandisusedinbuil
dingandfor
makingstat
ues,
etc.
uni
que bei
ngt
heonl
yoneofi
tski
nd.
deci
sion achoi
ceorjudgementthaty
oumakeafter
t
hinki
ngandtalki
ngaboutwhati
sthebestt
hing
t
odo.
unani
mousl
y agr
eedorshar
edbyev
ery
onei
nagr
oup.
cal
ami
ty aneventthatcausesgr
eatdamaget
opeopl
e’
s
l
ives,
propert
y,etc.
i
nnocent suff
eri
ngharm orbei
ngkil
l
edbecauseofa
cri
me,war,
etc.alt
houghnotdi
rect
lyi
nvol
vedi
n
i
t.
abundance al
argequant
it
ythati
smor
ethanenough.
t
ost
rengt
hen tobecomemor epower
ful
oreff
ect
ive;t
omake
somebody/somethi
ngmorepower
fulor
eff
ecti
ve.
12.Readt
het
extandchooset
hebestt
it
le.
1.MyMot
her
landi
sNeut
ral
.
2.Thest
atusofourneut
ral
i
ty.
3.Wear
ehappyandpeace-
lov
ingpeopl
e.
4.Neut
ral
i
ty–t
henat
ional
pri
deoft
heTur
kmenpeopl
e.

MyMot herlandisIndependentandNeut r
al.Neutrali
tyDayi soneof
thegreatestnat i
onalhol i
daysinmycount r
y.OnDecember12,1995
ourcount ry achieved the Stat
us ofPer manentNeut rali
ty by t
he
decisi
on oft he Gener alAssemblyoft he United Nat i
ons.Al l185
memberst atesoft heUNv ot
edunanimousl yforgrantingthisstat
usto
mycount ry.Si
ncet henwecel ebr
ateDecember12asNeut ral
it
yDay .
I
n a shor tt i
me,t he countr
y bui l
t a uni que monument t o
commemor atei t
s Per manentNeut rali
ty.Itwas f aced with white
mar bl
eanddecor atedwi thf
amousTur kmencar petdesi gns.Ont his
daypeopl eusual lyvisittheArchofNeut r
ali
tyt ot akepar tinthe
festi
vi
ti
esdedi catedtothegreatholi
day.
Soonwe’ l
lbecelebratingt
hetwenty -
seventh

anniversaryofourPer manentNeut r
alit
y.Itisournat ionalhol i
day
andv eryi mpor tantf ortheTur kmenpeopl e,becauseNeut rali
ty,li
ke
Independence,i soneoft hemostcher isheddr eamsoft heTur kmen
people.
Neutral
ityreal l
ymeansal otf ormypeopl e.Firstofal l
,itmeans
peace.I tguar ant ees the peaceful
,blue skyov ert he l
and oft he
Turkmens.Wari s a cal amit
yand t akes awayt he l
iv
es ofmany
i
nnocentpeopl e,ol d and young.Neutrali
tyisal so abundanceand
prosperit
y.Warbr ingsov eral
sohungerandst arvation.“No”towar s.
Neutral
ityalsodev elopsandstrengt
hensf ri
endshi pamongnat i
ons.
Thankst ot he“ Opendoor s”poli
cyofmycount ryy oungchildrenf r
om
allcornersofthewor ldcomet oseeusandhav efuni nAwazaont he
coastsoft heCaspi anSea.
 Neutr
ali
tymeansalsoahappyl if
ef orchil
dren.Andthisi
swhymy
countryi
scalledt
hecountryofhappychildhood.
Todaymycount ryisknowni nev er
ycor nerofthewor l
dasan
IndependentandNeutr
alcountr
y.Wer eall
ytakepridei
nit.

13.Replaceunder
li
nedwor
dswi
thsui
tabl
esy
nony
ms.Uset
hewor
ds
fr
om thebox.

maj
or at
tai
ned tocel
ebr
ate growt
h f
ami
ne
t
oadv
ance devot
ed

1.Neut
ral
i
tyi
sal
soabundanceandpr
osper
it
y.
2.Onthi
sdaypeopleusuall
yvisi
ttheArchofNeut
ral
i
tyt
otakepar
t
i
nthefest
ivi
ti
esdedi
catedtothegreathol
i
day
.
3.Neutr
ali
tyDayi
soneoft
hegr
eat
estnat
ionalhol
i
day
sinmy
count
ry.
4.On December12,1995 ourcount
ry achi
eved t
he St
atus of
Per
manent
Neutr
ali
tybyt
hedeci
sionoft
heGeneralAssembl
yoftheUnit
ed
Nati
ons.
5.In a shor
tt i
me,t he count
ry bui
lta uni
que monumentt
o
commemor at
eitsPermanentNeutr
ali
ty.
6.Warbr
ingsov
eral
sohungerandst
arv
ati
on.
7.Neutr
ali
ty al
so dev
elops and st
rengt
hens f
ri
endshi
p among
nat
ions.

14.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Whendi
dourcount
ryachi
evet
heSt
atusofPer
manentNeut
ral
i
ty?
2.Howmanyst atesoftheUNv otedunani
mouslyforgranti
ngt
his
stat
us?
3.Whatdidthecountr
ybuil
dtocommemor ateit
sPermanent
Neutral
i
ty?
4.WhatplacedoTurkmenpeopl eusual
lyvi
sitonNeutr
alit
yDay?
5.WhatdoesNeut r
ali
tymeanforTurkmenpeopl e?
6.Whatdoesthewarbr i
ng?
7.WhatdoesNeut r
ali
tydev
elopandst r
engt
hen?

15.Sayi
fthef
oll
owi
ngsent
encesar
eTr
ue(
T)orFal
se(
F).
1.Wecel ebr ateDecember14asNeut rali
tyDay ._ _______
2.Neut ralit
yhasbecomeanef f
ectivemechani sm f orourdomest i
c
andf oreignpol i
cy._____ _
_ _
3.Neut ralit
yal sodev elopsandst rengthensf r
iendshipamongnat i
ons.
_______
4.Neut ralit
yDayi scelebr atedcount ry-
widebyconcer tsand
exhibiti
onsdev ot
edt ot hissignif
icantdate.___ _
_ _
_ _
5.Firstofal l,neutrali
tymeansweal th._____
___
6.Itguar ant eesthepeacef ul,bl
ueskyov erthelandoft heTur
kmens.
_______
7.Ther esol utioncal l
sonUNt or espectandmai ntaintheneut
rali
tyof
Turkmeni stan._ _
___ _
__
8.Thankst ot he“ Opendoor s”pol i
cyofmycount r
yy oungchil
dren
fr
om Asi ancount r
iescomet oseeusandhav ef uninAwazaont he
coast soft heCaspi anSea._ ___
__ _
_

16.Wordsear
ch.Fi
nd10wordsfr
om thetexti
nthepuzzl
e.The
wordsarewri
tt
enup,down,
for
wardbackward,anddi
agonal
l
y.

C A R N I V P R O S P E R I T Y O A E O T H

G E X T I N C E O G B E X T I N C V O G N U
T O K L P R E Y A L T O K L P M E A U L E N

E L Z G S G A L O C E L W G S E A Z N B M G

O P E N D O O R S L E H L O S M N A I L U E

T L K D P U P G O O C L V N P B P G Q O N R

H G O L Q S M L G R H G O L Q E M L U O O O

M E G A L O D O A D Y T I L A R T U E N M D

Lesson2.Hist
ori
cal
placesofTur
kmeni
stan.Hi
stor
ical
placesof
GreatBr
it
ain.
1.Di
scusswi
thapar
tner
.
1.Whatarethefamoushist
oricalplacesinTurkmenistan?
2.Whathist
ori
calpl
acesinTur kmenistanwouldyouliketov i
sit
?
3.What’
sthefavori
tehi
stor
ical pl
acethatyou’v
evisi
ted?
4.Whathist
ori
calpl
acesdoy ouknowi nGreatBri
tai
n?
5.Whatdoy ouknowabouttheLondonEy e?
6.Whathist
ori
calpl
acesinGreatBr it
ainwouldyouli
ket ovisi
t?

2.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.Uset
hedi
cti
onar
y.
Realm,for
ti
ficat
ion,vivi
d,evi
dence,cont
ri
but
ion,t
reasur
y,f
lour
ishi
ng,
tomb,medi eval
,shr ine,pil
gri
m,ci t
adel,mausoleum,pharmaci
st,
enl
ight
enment ,i
nter
locutor
.

3.Lear
nthev
ocabul
ary
:
enl
i
ght
enment knowl
edgeaboutandunder
standi
ngof
somet
hing.
ev
idence thefact
s,signsorobj
ect
sthatmakey
ou
beli
evethatsomethi
ngistr
ue.
mausol
eum aspeci
albui
ldi
ngmadetoholdt
hedead
bodyofanimport
antper
sonort
hedead
bodi
esofafamily
.
i
nter
locut
or apersont
aki
ngpar
tinaconv
ersat
ionwi
th
you.
pi
l
gri
m apersonwhotrav
elst
oahol
ypl
acef
or
r
eli
giousr
easons.
medi
eval connect
edwi
tht
heMi
ddl
eAges.
phar
maci
st apersonwhosej obi
stoprepar
emedici
nes
andsell
orgi
v ethem t
othepubli
cinashop
ori
nahospital.
f
ort
if
icat
ion atower,wall
,gunposi
ti
on,et
c.bui
l
tto
defendaplaceagai
nstatt
ack.
ci
tadel acastl
eonhi ghgr
oundi
nornearaci
ty
wherepeoplecoul
dgowhentheci
tywas
bei
ngattacked.
4.Readt
het
ext
.
Medi
eval
archi
tect
uresofTur
kmeni
stan
OurMot herl
and,ther eal
m oft hesun,i sacount rywit
har ich
hist
ory. Ov er the hist
ory, many ar chit
ectural monuments and
fort
ifi
cat
ions hav e been pr eserv
ed in t he t er
ri
tory of moder n
Turkmenistan.Theyar ev ivi
dev i
denceoft heachi ev
ementsoft he
ancestorsoftheTurkmenpeopl eandtheircontr
ibuti
ont ot
hetreasury
ofwor l
dculture.
Oneoft
hem istheMausoleum ofAbul-Fazl,knownalsoasSer
ahs-
baba.Itisl
ocatednotfarf r
om t heOldSer ahsci t
adel
.Atthatt
ime,
Serahswasaflouri
shi
ngcitythroughwhichcar avanspassedal
ongthe
GreatSil
kRoad.Itwasbui
ltinthe11thcenturyov ert
hetombofSheikh
Abul-
Fazl;i
tisfamousfori
tsmagni
ficentpropor
ti
onsanddecorati
on,
whichmadei toneofthemostsignifi
cantmonumentsofmedi eval
archi
tect
urenotonlyi
ntheSer
ahsoasi s,butal
soint
heCentralAsi
an
regi
on.

ManeBaba
ManeBabamausol eum wasbuiltabovethet
ombofShei khAbu
SaidAbulKhay r
.TheTur kmenpeoplecallhi
m ManeBaba.Hewas
bornint hevil
lageofManet othefamil
yofapharmacist.Hisfat
her
sawat alentf
orscienceinhissonandsenthimtostudyatthefamous
centerofenli
ghtenmentoftheEast–Mer v.
Hewascloset ot hecourtoftheTur
kmenrul
ersandbl
essedthe
Turkmenmi l
itar
yl eadersChaghry-
BegandToghr
ul-
Beg,f
ounder
sof
thegreatSel
j
ukSt ate,forgr
eatdeeds.
Thel egendsaysthatI bnSina(Avicenna)wantedtomeetMane
Babapersonally
.Aft
eraprivateconver
sationthatl
astedforthr
eedays,
ManeBabawasaskedwhathet houghtabouthi sinter
locutor
.He
repl
ied,
“IbnSinaknowsev ery
thi
ngthatIsee,”andwhenAv i
cennawas
askedthesamequest ion,hesaid,“Manebabaseesev eryt
hingthatI
know.”
5.SayTr
ueorFal
se.
1.Many nat
uralresour
ces hav
e been pr
eser
ved i
nthe T F
ter
ri
tor
yofmoder
nTurkmeni
stan.
2.Oneofthem i
stheMausol
eum ofAbul
-Fazl
,knownal
soas T F
Serahs-
baba.
3.ManeBabamausol
eum wasbui
l
tabov
ethet
ombof T F
Shei
khAbuSai
dAbulKhayr
.
4.Serahs-
babamausoleum wasbui
l
ti he10thcent
nt uryov
er T F
thetombofSheikhAbul-
Fazl
.
5.ManeBabawasbor
nint
hev
il
lageofManet
othef
ami
l
yof T F
apharmaci
st.
6.Iti
sfamousf orit
sunusualhi
story
,whichmadei toneof
themostsi
gni
ficantmonumentsofmedievalar
chi
tecturenot
T F
onlyi
ntheSer
ahsoasi s,
butal
sointheCentr
alAsi
anr egi
on.

6.Chooset
hecor
rectanswer
:
1.TheMausol eum ofAbul -Fazl i
sknownal soas:
a)Malik-baba; b)Ser ahs- baba; c)Mane- baba
2.Ser
ahs- babamausol eum i slocatednotfarfrom the:
a)OldSer ahsci t
adel; b)Mer v; c)Ashgabat .
3.Whosawat al
entforsciencei nMane- baba?
a)hismot her; b)hi sbr other; c)hisfather.
4.Whatschol arwantedt omeetManeper sonally?
a)IbnSi na; b)Chaghr y-Beg; c)Toghr ul-
Beg.
5.Ser
ahs- babamausol eum wasbui lti
nthe:
th th
a)10 cent ury; b)13 cent ur; c)11thcent
y ury.

7.Makeupwor
dcombi
nat
ionscombi
ningwor
dsf
rom col
umnsAand
B.
 Bi
g Pal
ace
Tr
afal
gar London
Tower Ey
e
Bucki
ngham Ben
West
minst
er Squar
e
t
heHousesof Abbey
t
heTowerof Par
li
ament
t
heLondon Br
idge

8.My r
atandJerenarepl
anni
ngtovi
sitLondon.Butt
heydon’
tknowall
thefamoussites…Her
eisali
stremi
ndingthem.HelpMyratandJer
en
recogni
zethem .Wri
tedownthewor
ds!

TheNat i
onalGall
ery -TheBr
iti
shMuseum -TheLondonEy
e-Hy
dePar
k-
Traf
algarSquar
e-Buckingham Pal
ace
 READANDGUESS NAMEOFTHESI
GHT
1 I
twas bui l
tin 1703.I
thas been t he
off
i alr
ci oyalr esi
dence since 1837.It
hasgotmor ethan600r ooms.I thasgot
acoll
ecti
onofgr eatpai
nti
ngs.
2 I
ti sone oft he mosti mportantand
bustl
ingsquaresinLondon:desi gnedin
1830 t o commemor ate t he Br i
ti
sh
vi
ctoryagainsttheFrenchandSpani sh
fl
eetsintheBattl
eofTrafalgar.
3 I
ti st hel ar gestpar kinLondon.I tcov ers
mor et han345, 95acr es.Itwasacqui red
byHenr yVI I
I.I
twasopenedt ot hepubl i
c
n1637.Youcanseesqui
i rrelsify ouar e
l
ucky !
4 I
ti st he Nat ionalMuseum.I t was
foundedi n1753.I tisoneoft hemost
i
mpor tantmuseumsi nt hewor ld.I tis
dividedi nt osixdepar tment s.Itcont ains
apar toft heBr itishLibrar
y .
5 I
ti s one of t he most f amous ar t
museums i n London.I twas bui l
ti n
1838.I thousesar i
chcol lecti
onofov er
2,300 pai ntings dat i
ng from t he mi d-
13thcent ur yto1900.
6 I
ti sa135- met ert al
lgiantwheelsi tuated
ont hebanksofRi verThames.I tist he
tall
estandt hemostpopul arwheeli n
Europe.Tour istsl ovei t!3. 5 mi ll
ion
Peopl ev isititannual ly.

9.Li
sten,
repeatandmat
ch.
1.Uni
for
m [
ɪˈ
nɔː
məs]
2.Museum [
tʃɜː
tʃ
]
3.Col
our
ful [
mjuˈ
zi
ːəm]
4.Chur
ch [
məˈ
mɔː
ri
əl]
5.Rebui
l
t [
ˈ
pɑː
l
əmənt
]
6.Memor
ial [
ˈ
kʌl
əfl
]
7.Not
abl
e [
ˌ
ri
ːˈ
bɪl
d]
8.Enor
mous [
ˈ
juː
nɪf
ɔːm]
9.Par
li
ament [
ˈ
nəʊt
əbl
]

10.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.
1.For
tress a)a buil
ding orpl
ace t
hathas been made
st
rongerandprot
ect
edagainstat
tack.

2.Pr
ison b)a buildi
ng wher
e peopl
e are keptas a
puni
shmentf oracr
imetheyhavecommi t
ted,
orwhil
etheyarewai
ti
ngfort
ri
al.

3.Uni
for
m c)the speci
alsetofcl othes wor
n by all
members ofan organizat
ion ora group at
wor
k,orbychil
drenatschool.

4.Rav
en d)alargebi
rdofthecrowfamily,wit
hshiny
bl
ackfeat
her
sandarough,
unpleasantcal
l
.

5.Legend e)astor
yfrom anci
entt
imesaboutpeopl
eand
event
s,t
hatmayormaynotbet r
ue.

6.Dr
awbr
idge f)abri
dgethatcanbepul
ledup,
forexampl
eto
stoppeopl
ef r
om ent
eri
ngacastleortoal
low
shipst
opassunderit
.

7.Mast
erpi
ece g)awor kofartsuchasapaint
ing,fi
l
m,book,
etc.t
hatisanexcel
lent
,ort
hebest,
exampl
eof
theart
ist
’swork.

8.Dome h)ar
oundr
oofwi
thaci
rcul
arbase.

9.Ni
ckname i
)an i nformal,oft
en humorous,name fora
personthati sconnect
edwiththei
rrealname,
thei
r per sonali
ty or appear
ance, or wit
h
somethingt heyhavedone

10.Monast
ery j
)abuil
dingi
nwhichmonks(=membersofa
mal
erel
igi
ouscommuni
ty)l
i
vetoget
her
.

11.Unscr
ambl
ethewor
dsi
nbr
acket
sandf
il
li
nthebl
anks.
1.Ear
vin“
Magi
c”Johnsongothi
s__
___
___
__(
aincmken)f
rom t
heway
hehandledabasket ball
.
2.Greekwar ri
orstookt he_ __
_ _
______(t
srfreso)withli
ttl
eef
for
t.
3.Befor
et hatti
me, itissaid,all__
_______
_ __(v
arnse)werewhit
e.
4.TheplaywasbasedonI ri
sh_ __
______(neglde).
5.Hisbook, Imustadd, isa_ _______
_____(sepeat r
icem).
6.Germanypr oduced_ __________(somr neou)quant i
ti
esofcoal,i
ron
andsteel.
7.The___________(ueumsm)i sopent othepubl ic.
8.One_ _______
___( tnbolea)innovati
oni st hethickglassoftheside
windows.

12.Li
stenandr
eadt
het
ext
.
FamousHi
stor
ical
Placesi
nGr
eatBr
it
ain
Therear
eal
otofhi
stor
ical
placesi
nGr
eatBr
it
ain.Her
ear
esomeof
them.

1.TheHousesofPar li
amentandBi gBen
ThePal aceofWest minsteri
susual lyknownast heHousesof
Parli
ament .For500y earsitwastheki ng’
spal ace.Itwasdesignedby
SirChar lesBarry.Butthemoder npal acewasbeguni n1840.Thisisa
placewher etheEngl i
shPar l
i
ament ssitsnow.Ther ear etwotowersin
thePal aceofWest minst
er:theVictoriaTowerandt heClockTower.
Thecl ockcamei ntoservi
cein1859andwasni cknamed‘ Bi
gBen’af
ter
SirBenj ami nHall,whowasi nchar geoft hebuildi
ng.Bi gBenist he
biggestcl ockbellinBrit
ain.I
tweighs13t ons.TheCl ockToweris318
feethigh.Youhav etogoup374st epst oreachthetop.
 2.St.Paul’
sCat hedral
Itist heCi t
y’sgreat
estmonumentand Si rChr
istopherWren’
s
mast er
piece.Themostnot ablefeatureofitist heenormousdome.I t
tookWr en35y earstobui
ldt hecathedral(1675-1710).Itwasthefi
ft
h
churchputont hesamesi te.Wrenlivedmor et han90y earsandwhen
hediedhewasbur i
edinthiscathedral.Therear ememor i
alstomany
famousmenofEngl andoft heCathedral.

3.TowerBr
idge
Notf
arf
rom t
heTowerofLondonisTowerBr
idgebui
l
tacr
osst
he
Thamesin1894.Thet windrawbri
dges,eachweighi
ngabout1000
tonest
akesjust90secondst ori
se.TheTowerBri
dgewasdesi gned
bySirHoraceJonesandbuiltbySirJohnWolfeBarry
.Manytouri
sts
cometoseet hebestknowbr
idgeinLondon.

13.Wr
it
etr
ueorf
alse.
1.Bi
gBeni susuallyknownastheHousesofPar l
iament._________
_
2.Ther
ear etwotower sint
hePal aceofWest minster
:theVictor
ia
Towerandt heClockTower.________
__
3.Notfarfr
om theTowerofLondoni sTowerBr idgebuil
tacrossthe
Thamesin1794._ ______
___
4.TheClockToweri s318feethigh._____
_____
5.TheTowerBr i
dgewasdesi gnedbySi rHoraceJonesandbui l
tbySir
JohnWol f
eBarry.______
___
_
6.Wrenli
vedmor et han80years._____
_____

14.Answerthequest i
ons.
1.Whatisthenicknameoft heClockTower ?
2.WhowasSi rHor aceJones?
3.Whatdoy ouknowaboutSi rChristopherWren?
4.Whoisbur i
edunderStPaul’sCat hedral
?
5.7.I
sBegBenpar tofthePalaceofWest minst
er?
 15.Readt henot esaboutt heClockTower.
Writ
eashor tstoryabouti t
.
 oneoft hesy mbol sofGr eatBri
tai
n
 oneoft hemostf amoussi ghtsofthewor
ld
 100met ershigh
t heclockont hetop
 abell i
nsidet hetower
 bell
’sname–Bi gBen
 BigBen( t
hebel l
)–ov er2meterstal
l
 chimesev eryquarterofanhour

16.Readthedial
ogues.Tryt
omakeupy ourowndial
ogues.
1.-Excuseme.HowdoIgett oTr af
algarSquare?
-Takebusnumber5.
-Where’
sthenearestbusstat
ion?
-It
’sdownther
eont heri
ght.
-Thankyou.

2.-Excuseme.HowcanIgett otheBri
ti
shMuseum?
-Taketheunder gr
ound.
-Where’sthenearestst
ati
on?
-Gostraightontothetr
aff
icl
ight
s,t
hentur
nlef
tandt
aket
hef
ir
st
t
urning
onther ight
.
-Thanky ou.
 LESSON3.
Economi
cdev
elopmentofTur
kmeni
stan.Wr
it
ingaper
sonal
let
ter
.

1.Checki
ngt
hegener
alknowl
edge:
Whatdoy
ouknowabouteconomy
?

Whati
sEconomy
?

2.Answerthefol
l
owingquestions.
1.WhatdoesTurkmenist
an’seconomydependon?
2.WhatisthemainexportofTurkmenist
an?
3.Whattypeofeconomicsystem doesTurkmeni
stanhav
e?
4.DoesTurkmenist
anexportoilandgas?
3.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds.
Int
ensi
ve,resources,i
nvestment,annual
,salar
y,todiversi
fy,text
il
e,t
o
emerge, petrol
eum, sol ut
ion, manufact
ory,industry,t echnol
ogy,
deposi
t,suff
ici
ent,eff
ici
ency,av
ail
abil
it
y,i
rr
igat
ion,consumpt i
on.

4.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.
I
ntensi
ve ai
medatproduci
ngasmuchfoodaspossibl
eusi
ng
asli
tt
lel
andorasl
it
tl
emoneyaspossi
ble
Resour
ce(
s) asuppl
yofsomethi
ngthatacount
ry,
anorgani
zati
on
orapersonhasandcanuse,especi
all
ytoincr
ease
thei
rweal
th
I
nvest
ment t
heactofi
nvest
ingmoneyi
nsomet
hing
Annual happeni
ngordoneonceev
eryy
ear
Sal
ary moneyt
hatempl
oyeesr
ecei
vef
ordoi
ngt
hei
rjob
Todi
ver
sif
y todevel
opawi derr
angeofproduct
s,i
nter
est
s,ski
l
ls,
etc.i
nordert
obemor esuccessf
ulorr
educeri
sk
Text
il
e t
hei
ndust
ryt
hatmakescl
oth
Toemer
ge t
obecomeknown
Pet
rol
eum mineraloi
lthati
sfoundundert
hegroundorthesea
andisusedt opr
oducepet
rol
,par
aff
in,
diesel
oil
,et
c.
Sol
uti
on awayofsol
vi
ngapr
obl
em ordeal
i
ngwi
thadi
ff
icul
t
si
tuat
ion
Manuf
act
ory abui
ldingorgr
oupofbui
l
dingswi
thf
aci
l
iti
esf
ort
he
manufactur
eofgoods
I
ndust
ry the peopl
e and act
ivi
ti
es inv
olv
ed in pr
oducing a
part
icul
arthi
ng,
orinprovidi
ngapart
icul
arserv
ice
Technol
ogy sci
ent
if
ic knowl
edge used i
n pr
act
icalway
sin
 i
ndust
ry,
forexampl
eindesi
gni
ngnewmachi
nes
Deposi
t asum ofmoneythati
spaidbysomebodywhent hey
rentsomethi
ngandthatisretur
nedtothem i
fthey
donotloseordamagethethi
ngtheyar
erent
ing
Suf
fi
cient enoughf
orapar
ti
cul
arpur
pose;asmuchasy
ou
need
Ef
fi
ciency t
hequal
it
yofdoi
ngsomet
hingwel
lwi
thnowast
eof
t
imeormoney
Av
ail
abi
l
ity t
hef
actt
hatsomet
hingi
spossi
blet
oget
,buyorf
ind
I
rr
igat
ion t
hepr act
iceofsupplyi
ngwatert
oanar eaofland
t
hroughpipesorchannel
ssot
hatcropswi
ll
grow
Consumpt
ion the actofusi
ng ener
gy,f
ood ormat
eri
als;t
he
amountused

5.Readt
het
ext
.

Economi
cdev
elopmentofTur
kmeni
stan
Tur kmenistanhasoneoft hewor ld'sfastest -growingeconomi es.
Iti
sl ar gelyadeser tcount rywi thintensiveagr icultureini r
ri
gatedar eas,
andhugegasandoi lresour ces.I ntermsofnat ur algasr eserves,itis
rankedf our
thint hewor l
d.
Tur kmenistanmai ntainsar elati
velyhi ghl evelofi nvestment si n
thesoci oeconomi cdev elopmentoft hecount ry.Ov erthel astf ew
year s, t
heannuali ncr easesi nsalar i
esandpensi onsensur ethegr owt h
ofr eal incomesoft heTur kmenpopul ation.
Industry.Si nceI ndependence,t hecount r
yhast ri
edt odi v
ersify
the economy .New i ndust r
ies int he consumer ,textil
e and f ood
i
ndust rieshaveemer gedandbeenexpanded,andt helevelandqual it
y
ofpr ocessingofpet roleum pr oduct sandcot ton,pet r
oleum chemi stry
product sandot herr esour ceshav ebeeni mpr oved.
Ther i
ch fueland ener gycapaci tyoft hecount ryshapest he
struct ureofTur kmeneconomy ,whi chi sdomi natedbynat uralgas,
petrol eum, petroleum pr oductsandel ectricalener gy.
 Agri
culture.Cot tonisthedominantagriculturalcommodi tyoft he
country.Turkmeni stani samongthetoptenpr oducer sofcottonint he
world.Howev er,
inr ecentyearst
hecountryhasi ncreasedt herangeof
cropswi tht heai m ofmaki ngTurkmenistansel f-suf
fi
cientinf ood.
Turkmeni st
an’ sir
rigationnowdependsmai nl yont heGaragum Canal ,
whichcar ri
eswat eracr ossTurkmeni
stanfrom t heAmyDar yaRiver.

6.Sayt
rueorf
alse.
1.Tur kmeni stani slargelyadeser tcountrywi thintensi
v eagri
cult
urein
i
rri
gat edar eas, andhugegasandoi lresources._ ______
_ __
2.Tur kmeni stan’si r
rigati
on now dependsmai nlyon t he Garagum
Canal ,whi chcar rieswat eracrossTur kmeni stanf rom theAmuDar ya
Riv
er ._ _
___ __ _
_ _
3.Ov ert hel astf ew years,theannuali ncreasesi nsal ari
es,pensi
ons,
benef i
ts,and st ipends ensur ethe gr owth ofr ealincomes oft he
Turkmenpopul at
ion.__ _
______
_
4.Wheati st he domi nantagr i
cult
uralcommodi tyoft he country
.
_______ _
__
5.The r ich f ueland ener gy capacity oft he country shapes the
str
uct ureofTur kmeneconomy ,whi chisdomi natedbynat ur
algas,
petroleum, pet rol
eum pr oductsandel ectr
ical energy._______
___

7.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.WhateconomydoesTurkmenist anhav e?
2.WhatdoesTurkmeni
stanmaintai n?
3.Whathasthecount
rytri
edsi
ncei ndependence?
4.Whyiscott
onthedominantagricultur
al commodity?
5.WhatdoesTurkmeni
stan’
sir
rigat i
onmai nl
ydependon?

8.Discussthefol
lowingwi t
hapar tner.
1.Whataretheper sonall
ett
ers?
2.Doy ouwrit
epersonallet
tersoften?Ifyes,
whodoyouwri
teto?
3.Doy oul
ikewrit
ingpersonallet
ters?Why ?
4.Wheny ouwr i
teaper sonallet
ter,howmanypart
sdoy ouincl
udei
n
yourl
etter
?
9.Howt
owr
it
eaper
sonal
let
ter
.
Per sonall
et t
ersar emeansofcommuni cationt hroughl ett
er.
Tomakecl earhow t owr i
teaper sonall etter,below ar esome
element sshouldbei ncludedwhenwr i
tingaper sonal lett
er.Theyar e:
1.Dat e: I
tisthemont h,dayandy eart hatt heletteriswr it
tenon.
2.Gr eet ing:Somet i
meswecal lit“ sal utat
ion”.I tist hei ntroductor
y
phr ase.
Itcanbeaphr aselike:
 D earJohn; DearAl ice;DearSam, etc.
 B ody :
Allkindsofl etterformal ori nformal hav etheletterbody .
Thi sisthecompl etetextoft helet terorthesubj ectmat ter
cont ent.
3.Cl osi ng:Iti
sthef arewel lphrase.Thati sawor dt hatprecedest he
signat ur eandisf oll
owedbyacomma.Thephr asescanbel ike;Yours
truly,Si ncerel
y,Respect full
yy ours,Regar ds,et
c.
4.Si gnat ure:Thisisthepl acewher ey ouwr i
teyournameand
signat ur e.

10.ReadAnn’
slet
ter
.
25/
11At
amy
ratNy
yazovAv enue
Ashgabat
Turkmeni st
an
20/09/2021
DearJer en,
Thanky ouf ory ourlett
er.Itwasgr eattohearabouty ournewhouse!
Asf ormynew school ,it’
sv erybi g!Ithast hreecomput erroomsand
wonder fulspor tsfacil
it
ies.Act uall
y ,i
tseemsani cepl aceandIenj oy
studyingt her e.Thekidsi nmycl assar ev eryfriendly.I’
v ealr
eadymade
somenew f r
iendsandweof tenmeetaf terclasses.I ’vegotonl yone
new subj ectt hi
sy ear.It’
sEconomi csandI ’
m begi nningtot hinkthat
i
t’
snotdi fficult,
afterall
!
Bytheway ,whatmusi csty l
esdoy ouenj oy ?Hav ey ougotanyf avori
te
bands?Woul dy oul i
ketogot ot heirconcer t?
I
’dbet tergonow.Mum want smet ohel pwi ththehousewor k.
Takecar eandst ayintouch!
Lotsoflov e,
Ann

11.Lookatt
helet
terl
ayoutbel
ow.Whatshouldyouwr
it
eint
he
numberedpart
s?Matchthem wi
tht
hefol
lowing:
 Wr
it
er’
saddr
ess
 Si
gnat
ure
 Body(
topi
c)
 Si
gni
ngof
f(y
our
s….
)
 Recei
ver
’saddr
ess
 Dat
e
 Dear_
___
___
__

1 2

8
12.Per
sonal
let
terwr
it
ingwor
dsear
ch.
C Y L L U F H T I A F W A Y S

Z U A V A I L A B L E C P L I

T B R I L N S E W I M Q P E G

S N A R A A T U V I A B O R N

R X E U I A M R Q P J I I E A

Q E D M D C E R P Y N L N C T

R X F B T T U L O F P U T N U

F I I E N R I L O F F F M I R

T C Z I R C A R U U J K E S E

W V K D A E M P R M Y V N U Y

O E N T U A N G E M V S T E J

N M I D L U N C A D N I C P F

W O S C S M T S E D X P T X L

N S S E R D D A O E W S N A D

K A M I S X L S V T N A V L E

1.
ADDRESS
2.
APPLICATI
ON
3.
APPOINTMENT
4.
AVAILABLE
5.
CURRICULUM
6.
VITAE
 7.DATE
8.DEAR
9.DEPARTMENT
10.FAITHFULLY
11.FORMAL
12.INFORMAL
13.INTERVIEW
14.REFERENCE
15.SIGNATURE
16.SINCERELY

13.Wr
it
eal
ett
ert
oanewpen-
fr
iend.I
ncl
ude:
y ourpersonalinf
ormati
on( name, age,famil
y,pet
s);
theplacewher eyouli
ve(country,ci
ty,house)
;
 whaty ouli
keanddon’tli
kedoi ng;
y ourfavori
teschoolsubj
ect( i
ncludedayandt ime);
y ourfavori
tesport/
music/food;
y ourfavori
teseason/month;
 whaty oudidlastsummer ;
 whaty ouaregoingtodot henexthol i
day.
 LESSON 4.Economi
c dev
elopmentofGr
eatBr
it
ain.Economi
c
devel
opmentoft
heUSA.Pr
ojectwor
k.

1.St
udyt
het
abl
ebel
ow.
Wor
d Def
ini
ti
on Exampl
e
I
ndust
ri
al connect
edwit
hindustr
y;Manypeopleworki
n
havingmanyi
ndustr
ies. i
ndust
ri
alt
owns.
Shi
pbui
l
ding t
heprocessandworkof
buil
dingshi
ps. Theportwasoncef
amous
forshi
pbui
l
ding.

Coal ahardbl ackmineralthat Germanyproduced

i
sf oundbel
owt he enor
mousquant i
ti
es
groundandbur ntto ofcoal ,i
ronandsteel
.
produceheat.
I
ron achemical Thediscoveryofir
onto
element.I
ronisahard maket ool
sandweapons
str
ongmet alt
hatisused broughtaboutgreat
tomakest eel
andisalso changesinthewaypeople
foundinsmallquant
iti
es l
ived.
 i
nbl
oodandf
ood.
St
eel ast
rong,har
dmetalhat St
t eeli
sanimpor
tant
ismadeofamixtur
eof indust
ryi
nthi
sarea.
i
ronandcar
bon.
Met
all
urgy thesci
ent
if
icst
udyof Hetaughtcour
sesi
n
metal
sandthei
ruses. engi
neeri
ng
andmetall
urgy
.
Text
il
e t
hei
ndustr
ythatmakes
cl
oth. Hegotaj nt
obi ext
il
es.

Av
iat
ion t
hedesi
gni
ng,bui
ldi
ng Pi
l
otsofl
argeair
craf
tar
e
andfl
yi
ngofair
craf
t. mastersofavi
ati
on.
Ent
erpr
ise acompanyorbusi
ness. Ii
nvest
edmyownmoney
i
nmyf ri
end'
snew
nessent
busi erpr
ise.
Agr
icul
tur
e t
hescienceorpr
act
ice Agri
cul t
urei
st hemain
offarmi
ng. i
ndust ry
,general
ly
combi nedwithcatt
le-
rai
sing.
Cat
tl
e cowsandbull
sthatar
e Theybreedcat
tl
eand
keptasfar
m animal
sfor hor
ses.
t
hei
rmilkormeat.

2.Li
sten,
repeatandmat
ch.
1.Ent
erpr
ise a)[
ˈ
bɑː
l
i]
2.Met
all
urgy b)[
ˈ
tekst
aɪl
]
3.Agr
icul
tur
e c)[
məˈ
t
ælədʒi
]
4.Av
iat
ion d)[
ˈ
ʃɪpbɪ
ldɪ
ŋ]
5.Cat
tl
e e)[
ˈ
ent
əpr
aɪz]
 6.Bar
ley f
)[ˈ
æɡr
ɪkʌ
ltʃ
ə(r
)]
7.I
ndust
ri
al g)[
ˈ
kæt
l]
8.Shi
pbui
l
ding h)[
ɪnˈ
dʌst
ri
əl]
9.Text
il
e i
)[ˌ
eɪ
viˈ
eɪ
ʃn]

3.Unscr
ambl
ethewor
dsandwr
it
e:

l
tyuel
ragm _
___
___
___
___
___
_
t
ti
elex_
___
___
___
___
___
_
t
iuasni
rdl_
___
___
___
___
___
___
i
blunsi
hdi
pg_
___
___
___
___
___
t
acet
l__
___
___
___
___
_
r
atui
l
gruec_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
epet
rrnsi
e__
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

4.Readt
het
ext
.
Economi
cdev
elopmentofGr
eatBr
it
ain
GreatBr i
taini sahi ghlydev elopedi ndust r
ialcount ry.Shipbuil
ding
i
soneoft hepr incipal i
ndust riesofGr eatBr it
ain.Forcent ur i
esBri
tain
hasbeent heleadi ngshi pbui l
deri nt hewor l
d.
Coali sthemai nsour cef ort hedev elopmentofBr itishindustry.
Thebi ggestcent resofi ronandst eeli ndust ri
esar esi tuatedint he
neighbour hoodofcoalbasi ns.Theyar eMi ddlesbr ough,Newcast le,
Car diff,Glasgow,andShef field.Thedi s¬trictar oundBi r
mi ngham isa
l
andoff actori
esandmi nes.
Coal-mining, met all
ur gy ,t extile, shi pbuil
di ng ar e t he older
branchesofi ndust r
y .Thenew i ndust r
iesar et hechemi cal,el
ectro
techni cal,automobi le,aviat ionand el ect ronics.Thenew i ndustr
ies
hav edev elopedhandi nhandwi thsci enceandt ech¬nologyandar e
equi ppedt omeetpr esentt echni cal demands.
Bigci ti
esandt ownssuchasLondon,Gl asgow,Man¬chest er,
Liverpool ,Newcast le,Shef fieldandBi rmi ngham hav eent er
pri
sesof
nearlyal lbranchesofi ndustr
y,oldandnew.Themai ncentresof
cottonandwool l
eni ndustr
yareLeeds, Bradf
ordandManchest er
.
London, Li
verpoolandGl asgowar ethebiggestEngli
shport
s.The
products ofBr it
ain economy ,f orexampl e,auto¬mobi l
es,texti
le,
machi nery,elect
roni cequipmentandmanyot her
s,areexportedt o
manycount ri
esoft hewor l
d.
Agricult
ureisoneoft helargestandmosti mpor
tantacti
vi
t i
esin
GreatBr i
tain.Thegr eat
erpartofthel andher
ei susedforsheep,catt
le,
anddai ryfarming.Vegetablesaregr owninallpart
softhecountry.The
chiefgraincropsar ewheatandbar l
ey .

5.Wr
it
eTr
ue(
T)orFal
se(
F).
1.GreatBritai
nisahi ghl
ydev elopedagr icult
uralcountry._ _____
2.Coali st hemai nsour cef ort hedev elopmentofBr i
ti
shi ndustr
y.
_____
_
3.Theaut omobi l
ei ndust
r yisoneoft heprincipali
ndustriesofGr eat
Bri
tain.
_______
4.Forcent uri
esBr i
tainhasbeent heleadingshi pbui
lderint hewor l
d.
_____
_
5.Met all
urgyisoneoft hel ar gestandmosti mportantact i
vi
ti
esi n
GreatBrit
ain.___
____
6.Thegr eaterpartofthel andher ei susedf orsheep,cat t
le,anddairy
far
mi ng._____
___
7.Vegetablesaregrowni nt hewest er
npar tofthecount ry
._ _
______

6.Pai
rof
fwi
thapar
tner
.Askandanswert
hequest
ions.
1.Whatisoneoft hepri
nci palindustr
iesofGreatBrit
ain?
2.Whataretheolderbranchesofi ndustr
y?
3.Whatisoneoft hel argestandmosti mportantactiv
iti
esinGreat
Bri
tai
n?
4.Whatdoy ouknowaboutt hebiggestEngli
shpor t
s?
5.Wherearethebiggestcent r
esofironandst eeli
ndustri
essit
uat
ed?
6.Whatarethechiefgraincr ops?
7.Wherearethemai ncent resofcot t
onandwool lenindustr
y?

7.Li
stenandt
ranscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.
El
ect
roni
cs,aut
omobi
l
eindust
ry,ai
rcr
afti
ndust
ry,spacer
esear
ch,
copper
,lead,
fer
ti
le,
engi
neer
ing,
transpor
t,communi
cat
ion,
husbandr
y,
l
eather

8.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.
El
ect
roni
cs– the use ofel
ectr
oni
ctechnol
ogy
, especi
all
y i
n
devel
opi
ngnewequi
pment.
Space r
esear
ch i
tisasci
ent
if
icstudycarri
edouti
nout
erspace,and
– byst
udyi
ngouterspace.
Resour
ce– asupplyofsomethi
ngthatacount
ry,
anorgani
zati
on
oraper sonhasandcanuse,especi
all
ytoincr
ease
thei
rwealth.
Copper– achemicalel
ement.Copperi
sasoftred-
brownmet
al
usedf
ormakingelectr
icwir
es,pi
pesandcoins.
Fer
ti
le– (
ofl
andorsoi
l
)thatpl
ant
sgr
owwel
li
n.
Soy
abean– atypeofbean,or
igi
nal
l
yfrom south-eastAsi
a,t
hatis
usedinst
eadofmeatoranimalproteininsometypes
offood.
Hay– grasst
hathasbeencutanddr
iedandi
susedasf
ood
forani
mals.
Husbandr
y– f
armi
ng,
especi
all
ywhendonecar
eful
l
yandwel
l
.
Dai
ry– mi
l
k,cheeseandot
hermi
l
kpr
oduct
s.
Leat
her– mat er
ialmade by removing t
he hai
rorf urfr
om
animalskinsandpreser
vingtheskinsusi
ngspecial
processes.

9.Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
tht
hewor
dsf
rom t
hebox.
dai
ry f
ert
il
e husbandr
y

l
eat
her el
ect
roni
cs r
esour
ces
1.Good_______
____guar
anteesfreshandt astyfood.
2.___
_____
___product
smaypr ovokeal l
ergicreacti
onsi
nsomepeople.
3.Heknowsnot hi
ngabout_________
_ _
.
4.Shegavemeabagmadeof_ _________
_ .
5.Thecountryi
sgeneral
lywellwatered,_____
_ __
___andwel
lcul
ti
vat
ed.
6.Let
'sconserveourl
imi
tedwat er______
_____.

10.Readt
het
ext
.
Economi
cdev
elopmentoft
heUSA.
TheUni tedSt atesofAmer icai sacount r
ywi thahi ghlydev eloped
economy . Shi pbuilding,el ectr onics,aut omobi le i ndust ry,ai rcraft
i
ndust ry,spacer esear char ehighl ydev el
opedi ntheSt at es.
TheUni tedSt ateshasal otofmi neraldeposi t
sorr esour cessuch
ascoal ,gol d,si l
ver,copperand l ead.I tisal and r ich in mi ner al
resourcesandf erti
lef arm soi l
,toget herwi t
hamoder atecl imat e.
Electr
oni candel ectri
cengi neer ing,t ransport,communi cat i
onand
machi ne-tooli ndustriescanbef oundal mosti nalllar geci tiesoft he
count r
y.
Agriculturei soneoft hemosti mpor tantsect or soft heUni ted
Stateseconomy .Thepr i
nci palcr opsgr owni nthecount ryar e–cor n,
wheat ,soy abeans,sugar -
caneandsugarbeet s,sunf lower ,hay ,rice,
cotton,oat s,andbar ley.FloridaandCal i
forniaaref amousf ort heirfruit
product i
on.Theygr ow or anges,l emons,t angeri
nesand gr apef r
uit.
Strawber ri
es, pearsandappl esar eal sopr oducedi nlar gequant i
ti
es.
Animalhusbandr yi salsodev elopedi nt hecount ry.Thehi ghl andsi n
thewestoft hecount ryar ef amousf ort heirdai r
yandbeefcat tl
e
breeding, pigr i
sing,andsheepf ar ming.Dai r
y i
ngiswel ldev eloped, and
milk,cheese,and but t
erpr oduct ionexceed domest icneeds.Wool
product i
on, leatherandt extileindust riesar ealsodev el opedt here.

11.SayTr
ueorFal
se.
1.TheUnit
edSt
atesofAmer
icai
sacount
rywi
thahi
ghl
ydev
eloped
economy
.
2.Electronicandel ectr
icengineeri
ng,transpor t,communi cat
ionand
machine- t
oolindustr i
escanbef oundonlyi nt hesout hernpartoft he
country
.
3.ColoradoandVi r
gi ni
aarefamousf ortheirfruitproduction.
4.Str
awber ries,pearsandapplesar ealsopr oducedi nlargequantit
ies.
5.Animal husbandr yisnotdevelopedinthecount ry.
6.Woolpr oduct i
on, l
eatherandt ext
il
eindust r
iesar ealsodev el
opedi n
theUnitedSt atesofAmer i
ca.

12. Proj
ect wor
k. Writ
ei nter
est
ing f
act
s about t
he economi
c
dev
elopmentofGreatBr
it
ainandtheUSA.
 Uni
t5.NATUREANDME
LESSON1.Ecol
ogyandenv
ironment
.

Env
ironment
t
henaturalworl
din
whi
chpeople,ani
mals
andplantsli
ve.

1.Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.
1.What’
st hemostbeaut if
ulplacei ny
ourcountry?Whydoy oul
ikei
t?
2.Descri
bet henat uralenv i
ronmenti nyourcount r
y.Ar ethereany
mountai
ns, f
ields,
for estsorri
v ers?Ar
etheyclean?
3.Whatkindsofpol lutiondoy ouknow?Whi chist hewor st?
4.Somepeopl ecarelesslythrowawayr ubbi
shwher evertheygo.What
canwedoaboutt his?
5.Tr
affi
cjamscauseai rpoll
ution.Howcanwer educet r
affi
cjams?

2.Li
stenandsay
.
Env
ironment
,aci
d,er
osi
on,
flood,
drought
,gar
bage,
dump,
dioxi
de,
pr
eser
ve,
dest
ruct
ion
3.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ngwor
ds.
Envi
ronment,aci
d,er
osi
on,f
lood,dr
ought
,gar
bage,dump,di
oxi
de,
pr
eserv
e, dest
ruct
ion

4.St
udyt
het
abl
e.
ecol
ogy therel
ati
onofpl
antsandli
vi
ngcreat
urest
oeach
otherandtot
hei
renvi
ronment
;thest
udyofthi
s.
aci
d a chemi cal, usual
l
y a l
i
qui
d, t
hat
cont
ainshy
drogen.
t
odi
sappear t
ost
opexi
sti
ng.
er
osi
on theprocessbywhichthesurf
aceofsomet
hingi
s
graduall
ydest
roy
edt hroughtheacti
onofwind,
rai
n,etc.
f
lood alargeamountofwat
ercov
eri
nganar
eat
hati
s
usuall
ydr
y.
dr
ought alongper
iodoft
imewhent
her
eisl
i
ttl
eorno
r
ain.
gar
bage wast
efood,
paper
,et
c.t
haty
out
hrowaway
.
t
opr
eser
ve tokeepapar t
icul
arqual
it
y,feat
ure,et
c.;t
omake
sur
et hatsomethi
ngiskept
.
dest
ruct
ion theactofdestr
oyi
ngsomet
hing;t
hepr
ocessof
bei
ngdestr
oyed.
al
ter
nat
ive athi
ngt
hatyoucanchooset
odoorhav
eoutof
t
woormorepossi
bil
i
ties.

5.Mat
cht
hewor
dst
othepi
ctur
es.
1.pol
arbear

2.sci
ent
ist

3.f
ossi
lfuel
s

4.soi
ler
osi
on

6.Readt
het
ext
.
Env
ironment
alPr
otect
ion
 Env i
r onment alpr ot ectioni soneoft hemosti mpor tantpr obl ems.
Notonl y ecol ogi sts butal so common peopl e become awar e of
ecological pr oblems.
So, whati secol ogy ?
Ecol ogyi sa sci encet hatst udiest her elati
onshi p between al l
forms ofl ife on ourpl anetwi thi ts env ironment .Env ironmenti s
every t
hingt hatsur roundsaper son:ai r,f l
or a,f auna,wat er,soil
.Aman
i
sapar tofenv i
r onment .So, hedependsoni t.
Pollut ioni sanydamagei nanecosy st em.Mostki ndsofpol lut
ion
aret her esul tsofhumanact ivities.Ther ear emanyf ormsofpol lut
ion
i
nourwor ldt oday ,forexampl e, thepol l
ut ionofai randt hewor l
docean,
nuclearwast e,chemi cal wast e.
Airpol lutioni soneoft hemosti mpor tantexampl esandar esul tof
manyf act or s.Ev er yyearwor ldi ndust r
ypol lutest heat mospher ewi t
h
dustandot herhar mf ulsubst ances.Thedi schar geofdustandgases
i
ntot heat mospher ereturnst ot heEar thi nt hef or m of“aci drains”and
affectscr ops, t
hequal it
yoff orest s,andt heamountoff ish.
Ast her esul toft heenv ironment alpol lutionsomer arespeci esof
animal s, birds, andf i
shdi sappearf orev er,anumberofr iversandl akes
dryup.For estscl ear ancecausesl ong- ter m pr oblemssuchassoi l
erosion, floods, anddr ought s.
Wat erpol l
ut ion i s becomi ng a gl obalpr oblem nowaday s.I f
measur es ar e nott aken,t he oceans wi l
lsoon become bi ol ogical
deser t
s.Pol l
ution ofwat erbybot hi ndust rialand domest i
cuser s
createst hepr obl em ofwat erdef icit.
Litteri sanot heri ssuet hatpeopl ef acei nbi gci ti
es.Asar esul tof
i
tbi o-i
ndust ri
al cent erst odayl ookmor elikegar bagedumps.
Ofal l theenv ironment al pr obl emsf aci ngourpl anett odayt hemost
pressingi sgl obal war mi ng, bet terknownast he“ gr
eenhouseef f ect”.
Itisi mpor t
antt hatev ery oneshoul dbeawar eoft hepr obl
em and
protectnat ur enotonl yfort hesakeoft hepr esentbutal sof ort he
futuregener ations.

7.SayTr
ueorFal
se.
Envir
onment
alprot
ect
ioni
soneoft
hemosti
mpor
tant T F
probl
emsoftoday.
Env
ironmenti
sev
ery
thi
ngt
hatsur
roundsaper
son:
air
, T F
f
lor
a,f
auna,
wat
er,
soi
l
.
Ev
eryyearworldindust
rypoll
utes t
he at
mospher
e T F
wi
thdustandot
herharmful
subst
ances.
Water pol
lut
ion i
s becomi
ng a nat
ionalpr
obl
em T F
nowadays.
Poll
uti
onofwat erbybothi ndust
rialand domest
ic T F
user
scr eat
est
heprobl
em ofairdef
icit
.

8.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.
1.Wi
l
dli
fe a) the rel
ati
on of plant
s and l
i
v i
ng
creat
ures t
o each otherand t
ot heir
envir
onment.
2.Pol
l
uti
on b)mater
ial
sthatar
enol
ongerneeded
andar
ethrownaway
.
3.At
mospher
e c)alay
erofozonehi ghabov etheeart
h’s
surf
acethathelpstoprotecttheear
th
fr
om harmfulradi
ati
onf r
om thesun.
4.Ecol
ogy d)rai
nthatcontai
nsharmfulchemi
cal
s
fr
om factor
ygases and t
hatdamages
tr
ees,
cropsandbui
ldi
ngs.
5.Ozonel
ayer e)theprocessofmaki
ngair
,water
,soi
l
,
et
c.dir
ty;t
hestat
eofbei
ngdi
rty
.
6.Gr
eenhouseef
fect f)poll
utantgasest
rappi
ngt
heheatl
i
ke
glass
7.Aci
drai
n g)wi
l
dani
mal
s,bi
rds,
insect
s,et
c.
8.Wast
e h)themi
xtur
eofgasessur
roundi
ngt
he
ear
th.
 9.Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.
1.Whatdoesecologyst udy?
2.Whati
senv ir
onment ?
3.Whydowecal l
amanapar tofenvironment?
5.Doesfor
estclearancecauseanypr oblems?
6.Whatfor
msofenv ir
onment alpoll
utiondoyouknow?
7.Whati
saci drai
n?
8.Howdoesaci draininfl
uencewildl
ife?
9.Whatarethemai nreasonsandr esul t
sofai
rpol
lut
ion?
10.Whatshouldwedot oprotectthenat ur
e?

10.Herearesomeofthewaystosolveecol
ogi
calpr
obl
ems.Doy
ou
fi
ndthem hel
pful
?Cany
ouaddanyothermeasur
es?
1.Thefactor
iesandplant
smustber emov edf r
om citi
es.
2.Greenzonesmustbecr eated.
3.Thegreenerymustbepr ot
ectedandincr eased.
4.Poll
uti
oncontrol
systemsshoul dbeint
roduced.
5.Puri
fyi
ngsy st
emsforcleaningharmfulsubst ancesmustbewi
del
y
used.

11.Ther
earetwopoint
sofvi
ewonwhoi
sinchar
geoft
heEar
th.Say
whoseopini
onyoushar
eandwhy
.

Maksat:Theyspeakt oomuchoft heenv i

ronment
alprobl
ems.Butmy
fri
endsandIdon’ tcareaboutthem.It
’snoneofmybusi ness.Iknow
somei nt
ernati
onalorgani
zati
onslikeGreenPeace,theWorldWildli
fe
Fund,andFr i
endsoft heEart
har especial
lycr
eatedtohelpnature.I
thi
nktheyshouldbeinchargeoftheEarth.

Bahar :Oh,no!I
’m sureeverypersonmustcarefornature.Wear ealli
n
chargeoft heEart
handmustdoourpl anetabet terplace.Ibeli
eve
everybodycancont ri
butetoi t
.Ineverthrow garbagei nwat er
.My
fri
endsandIcl eant hebanksofourriver
.Idon’tl
eav eglassbottl
esin
thef orestbecauset heyhurtpeopleandani mals.Ipl anttr
eesand
fl
ower s.In wint
erIf eed bi
rds.Ido mybestt or educe usage of
el
ectr
ici
tyandwat
er.I’
m suretaki
ngcar
eoftheEar
thi
sever
ybody’s
busi
ness.Iagr
eewit
ht hesayi
ng“Ify
oudon’
tthi
nkoft
hef
uture,y
ou
wil
lnothavei
t”
.

12.Doy
ouagr
eeornot
?Di
scusswi
thcl
ass.
“
Thenat
iont
hatdest
roy
sit
ssoi
ldest
roy
sit
sel
f.
”
“
Ify
oudon’
tthi
nkaboutt
hef
utur
e,y
ouwi
l
lnothav
eit
”.
“
Ify
ouar
egoodt
otheEar
th,
onl
ythencant
heEar
thbegoodt
ous.
”
13.Readandl
ear
nthepoem.

ReduceReuseRecy
cle
Thesear
ewor
dsweknow
Wehav
etosav
eourpl
anet
Sowecanl
i
veandgr
ow
Wemi
ghtbeonl
ychi
l
dren
Wehav
etot
ry,
youwi
l
lsee
Wewi
l
lsav
eourpl
anet
I
tst
art
swi
thy
ouandme!

LESSON2.Pr
eser
vat
ionoft
heenv
ironment
.Wi
l
d-l
i
feconser
vat
ion
1.Doy
ouagr
eeornot
?Di
scusswi
thcl
ass.
“
TheEar
thdoesnotbel
ongt
ous:
webel
ongt
otheEar
th”
.

“
Conser
vat
ioni
sast
ateofhar
monybet
weenmenandl
and.
”

“
Thef
utur
ewi
l
lei
therbegr
eenornotatal
l
.”
2.Howmuchdoy
ouknowaboutt
heEnv
ironment
?
1.Whatdoy oucal lthear eathatisinhabitedbyapar t
icul
arspeci es?
a) Habi tat
b) Env ir
onment
c)Biospher e.
2.Whatdoy oucal lthepr ocessingofusedmat eri
alsandtheirreuse?
a)Recy cling
b)Reusi ng
c)Repr ocessi ng.
3.Whatdoy oucal lrenewabl esafesour cesofener gy
?
a) Al ternativeener gies
b) Bi o- ener gies
c)Solarener gi es.
4.Whichoft heseener gysour cesisrenewabl e?
a) Coal
b) Nat uralgas
c)Wind.
5.Whatdoy oucal lther ainthatcontai
nsmanychemi cal
sandi s
harmful?
a) Smog
b) Aci dr ain
c)Monsoon.
6.Whatt ypeofshoppi ngbagi smor eeco- f
ri
endly
?
a) Paper
b) Pl astic
c)Neither .
7.Whichoft hesehumanact ivi
ti
escontributesthemostf orglobal
warming?
a) Usi ngf ossi lf
uel s
b) Cut ti
ngdownt rees
c)Ridi
ngbi cycl es.

3.Pai
rwor
k.Lookatt
hepi
ctur
esanddi
scusst
hequest
ionsbel
ow.
 Wat
erpol
l
uti
on
Ai
rpol
l
uti
on
Def
orest
ati
on

1.Doyouhav etheseenv
ironment
al pr
obl
emswher eyoul
i
ve?
2.Whatcanbedonet opreventi
t?
3.Whatotherenvir
onmentalpr
oblemsdoy ouknow?

4.Thi
nkofthreebadhabi
tsyouneedt
oel
i
minat
einor
dert
opr
otect
theenvi
ronment.Wr
it
ethem down.
1._
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2._
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___
_
3._
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___
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___
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___
___
___
___
_

5.Howgr
eenar
eyou?Dot
hequi
z.
1.Doyousortoutgl
ass,
paper
,pl
ast
icbot
tl
esandcans?
a) Yes,
always.
b) Somet
imes.
c) Nev
er.
2.Doyouswitchofft
hel
i
ght
swheny
oul
eav
ear
oom?
a) Yes,
always.
b) Somet
imes.
c) Nev
er.
3.Doyouswitchoffot
herel
ect
ri
cappl
i
ancesatni
ght
?(TV,
comput
er…)
a) Yes,
always.
b) Somet
imes.
 c) Nev
er.
4.Doyouclosethet
apwhi
l
eyoubr
ushy
ourt
eet
h?
a) Yes,al
ways.
b) Somet
imes.
c) Nev
er.
5.Doyouusepubli
ctr
anspor
torabi
keorwal
kwhenpossi
ble?
a) Yes,
alway
s.
b) Somet
imes.
c) Nev
er.

6.Li
sten,
repeatandmat
ch.
Ev
olut
ion [
dɪˈ
kr
iː
s]
Domest
icat
ed [
ɪkˈ
st
ɪŋkʃ
n]
Todecr
ease [
ˈ
sæŋkt
ʃuər
i]
I
nter
fer
ence [
vɜː
dʒ]
Ver
ge [
dɪˈ
mɪnɪ
ʃ]
Ext
inct
ion [
ˈ
tɔː
tʃ
əd]
Def
orest
ati
on [
ˈ
vʌl
nər
əbl
]
Todi
mini
sh [
dəˈ
mest
ɪkeɪ
tɪd]
Sanct
uar
y [
ˌ
ɪnt
əˈ
fɪ
ərəns]
Vul
ner
abl
e [
ˌ
iː
vəˈ
l
uːʃ
n]
Tor
tur
ed [
ˌ
diː
ˌ
fɒr
ɪˈ
st
eɪʃ
n]

7.St
udyt
het
abl
e.
Todecr
ease tobecomesmal
l
eri
nsi
ze,
number
,et
c.;
tomake
somethi
ngsmal
l
eri
nsi
ze,
number
,et
c.
Ext
inct
ion asit
uationinwhichapl
ant
,anani
mal
,awayof
l
if
e,etc.stopsexi
sti
ng.
Ver
ge api
eceofgr
assatt
heedgeofapat
h,r
oad,
etc.
Ev
olut
ion theslowsteadydev elopmentofplant
s,ani
mals,
etc.dur
ingthehistoryoftheeart
h,astheyadapt
tochangesintheirenv i
ronment
.
Domest
icat
ed usedt
oli
vi
ngwi
thorwor
kingf
orhumans.
Sanct
uar
y anareawherewi
l
dbi
rdsorani
malsar
epr
otect
ed
andencour
agedt
opr
oduceyoung.
Def
orest
ati
on theactofcut
ti
ngdownorbur
ningt
het
reesi
nan
area.
Todi
mini
sh tobecomesmall
er,
weaker
,etc.
;tomake
somethi
ngbecomesmall
er,
weaker,et
c.
I
nter
fer
ence t
heactofget
ti
nginvolvedi
nandt ry
ingto
i
nfl
uenceasi
tuati
onthatshouldnotreal
lyi
nvol
ve
y
ou,inawaythatannoysotherpeople.
Vul
ner
abl
e weakandeasi
l
yhur
tphy
sical
l
yoremot
ional
l
y.
Tor
tur
ed suff
eri
ngsev
erel
y;i
nvol
vi
ngal
otofpai
nand
dif
fi
cul
ty.

8.Readt
het
ext
.
Sav
eWi
l
dli
fe!Sav
eFut
ure!
Aftertheev ol
uti
onofhumans,wehav echangedt hel andcov erof
theplanetEar t
h.Italsocausedagr eatdamaget owildlif
e.Wi ldl
if
e
meansspeci esofanimal sthatarenotdomesticated.
Wildl
ifehelpsi nmai ntaini
ngt heecol
ogicalbalance.Bef ore,the
countofwi l
dani malswashuge,butt hedev elopmentoff arming,
devel
opment alacti
vit
iesandmai nl
ypeoples’greedledtodecr easein
thenumberofwi l
dani mals.But,now,duet ohumani nt
erference,
wil
dli
fei s gett
ing affected and concer
ned aboutt heirsaf etyand
conser vati
on.Unf ortunat
ely,manyani mal sar ealreadyext i
nctduet o
theser easons,andf ewoft hem areont hev er
geofext incti
on.So,the
needf orconserv at
ionofwi l
dli
fehasnowbecomeanecessi t
y.
Deforestati
onisal soamaj orcauseofwi l
dli
fel
oss.Itmeanscut ting
downt r
eesf rom forestsatalargescalef orhumanact i
v i
ti
es.
Whi l
et hewor l
d’snationsmustbev eryspecif
icint ermsofwi l
dli
fe
conserv ati
on,theamountofwi l
dli
fei sdi mini
shingdaybyday .The
Wor l
dWi l
dlif
eFundi saglobalorganizationthatwor kstowar dswil
dli
fe
protection.Nationalagenciesarealsoi nvolvedinwi l
dli
feconservat
ion.
Howcanweconser
vewi
l
dli
fe?
Wi
l
dli
fecanbeconser
vedby
:

1. Wecanprotectourwi
ldli
febybui l
dingmorenati
onalpar
ksand
wi
l
dli
fesanct
uari
estoprotectani
malsinnat
ural
habit
ats.

2. Speci
esthatarevul
ner
ableandendanger
edshoul
dbekepti
n
zoosandbredf
orpopul
ati
oni
ncr
ease.

3. Def
orest
ati
onshoul
dbepr
ohi
bit
edst
ri
ctl
y.I
tishomet
oav
ari
ety
ofwi
ldanimal
s.

4. Weshoul dbanhunti
ngdownanimals.
Weshouldallstopt
hisandsavethem fr
om gett
ingbeat
enupor
tor
tur
edbecausethesei
nnocentbei
ngscan’
tspeakupaswedo.

9.Wr
ieTr
t ueorFal
se.
Wil
dli
fe means speci
es of ani
mal
s t
hat ar
e T F
domesti
cat
ed.
Wi
l
dli
fehel
psi
nmai
ntai
ningt
heecol
ogi
cal
bal
ance. T F
Def
orest
ati
onmeanscutt
ingdowntreesf
rom f
orest
s T F
atal
argescal
eforhumanact
ivi
ti
es.
TheWorldWil
dli
feFundi
sanat i
onal
organi
zat
iont
hat T F
workst
owardswildl
i
fepr
otect
ion.
T F
Weshoul
dbanhunt
ingdownani
mal
s.
Def
orest
ati
onshoul
dbepr
ohi
bit
edst
ri
ctl
y. T F

10.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Whati
stheimpor t
anceofwi ldl
if
e?
2.Whati
sdeforest
ation?
3.Whi
chorganizat
ionwor kstowardswildl
i
fepr
otect
ion?
4.Whatshoul
dweban?
5.Whydosomepeopl eharm animals?
6.Howcanweconser vewildl
if
e?

11.Wordsear
ch.Fi
nd20wor dsf
rom t
het exti
nthepuzzl
e.Thewor
ds
arewr
it
tenup,down,f
orwar
dbackward,anddiagonal
l
y.

1.Pol
l
uti
on 2.Ener
gy 3.Nat
ural 4.
Tr
anspor
tat
ion
5.Sol
ar 6.Gas 7.Resour
ces 8.Reduce
9.Paper 10.Li
ght 11.Pl
ast
icbag 12.Fuel
13.Gar
bage 14.Wast
e 15.Cl
i
mat
e 16.Bot
tl
e
17.Met
al 18.Recy
cle 19.Reuse 20.Pl
anet
 G P O L L U T I O N T I O N T T
S l L I G H E N E R G Y I O N R
R E E D S E N A T U R A L R I A
E E S S O L A R E D U U E L S N
S T C S E C L I M A T E C R P S
O S E Y A K P H U L A T E M O P
U E N A C G H E N E G U U O N O
12. Think
of R E N A T L Q W W A S T E E S R what
can C R E D U C E R R E F S A G P T be
done E U E B W A S T W A P H P A O A t o
S U E Y O Z A Z U R A L U B N T
G A B C I T S A L P A P E R S I
I T O P T L T M A T E M A A P O
S A A G A B C L I G H T P G O N
D F U E L I M A E H A L I M A L
I M A L H P H G E D U C G A B C
prot
ectani
malsandmaket hreesuggest
ions,thenchooseanani
mal
assymbolandcr
eateaposterwit
haslogan.
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_

LESSON3.Nowr
uzHol
i
day
.Adr
opofwat
eri
sagr
ainofgol
d.

1.Readt
hepoem.
WhenNowr uzf al
l
sthewor l
dtakescol or–openly,
Cloudscr yaloud,mountainsgatherhaze–openl y,
Event hel i
felesscomet oli
fe–br eathingopenl
y,
Pl
ant sbef oreunseengr owupandbl ossom –openly,
Allcreaturesbenefitordoushar m –openl y,
Theybr eedt heirkindandsteal
thil
ygoby–openl y,
Bi
rdsopenbeaksandsi ngwhensummercomes–openl y.

2.Li
sten,
sayandt
ranscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.
I
mmemori
al, dist
inct
ive, ext
ernal
, equi
nox, at
ti
re, gr
iev
ance,
har
mony
,al
l
egedly,cauldr
on

3.St
udyt
heact
ivev
ocabul
ary
.
i
mmemor
ial t
hathas exi
sted f
orl
ongert
han peopl
e can
r
emember
ext
ernal connect
ed wi
th orl
ocat
ed on t
he out
side of
somethi
ng/
somebody
equi
nox oneofthetwoti
mesintheyear(
around20Mar ch
and 22 September
) when the sun is above
theequat
oranddayandni
ghtareofequall
ength
f
rank honestanddirecti
nwhatyousay,somet
imesi
na
waythatotherpeoplemi
ghtnotl
i
ke
at
ti
re cl
othes,
especi
all
yfi
neorf
ormal
ones
har
mony ast
ateofpeacef
ulexi
stenceandagr
eement
gr
iev
ance af
eel
i
ngt
haty
ouhav
ebeenbadl
ytr
eat
ed
l
egend a st
oryfrom anci
entt
imes aboutpeopl
e and
ev
ents,
thatmayormaynotbetr
ue
f
inger
pri
nt amarkmadebythepat
ter
nofl
i
nesont
het
ipofa
per
son’
sfi
nger
al
l
egedl
y expressed as t
hough somet
hing i
saf
actbut
withoutgi
vi
nganypr oof

4.Readt
het
ext
.
Nowr
uzHol
i
day
Turkmens,l i
keot herpeopl eoft hewor l
d,from t i
mei mmemor ial
hadt heirowndi sti
nct i
vecust oms.Ov erthehi storyt hesehol iday s
changedt heirnamesandext ernal forms.
Thef est i
valofNowr uzor iginat edi nti
mei mmemor i
al.“Nowr uz”
goesbackt otwowor ds,whi chor iginallymeant“ new+day ”.Butitwas
notjust“ anew day ,act uallyi twas“ TheNew Year ’
sDay ”ofour
ancestors,whocel ebratedt heNewYeari nthespr ingtime,onMar ch
21.
WhyonMar ch21?I ti sthet imeofspr ingequi nox,whent hesun
i
sabov etheequat or,dayandni ghtar eofequall ength.Iti sthet i
me
whent henat ureawakensandar ousessweetdr eamsi nt hesoul s.
How t hef est iv
ali scel ebratedi nourcount ry
?Tobef rankt he
festi
veexci t
ementr eignsi nt hemi ndsandsoul slongbef oretheday .
Peopletidyupt hei ryards, pl
antt reesandsewt hemsel vesbr i
ghtat t
ire.
Womenputonl uxuriousj ewel r
y.It’sal soaspecialev entwi thchil
dren.
Sinceanci entt imesi twasacust om t ovisi
tr el
ativesand el der ly
parents.
 Duri
ngNowr uzal lgri
evancesaref orgot t
en,peopl ecleansetheir
soulsf r
om si ns,gathertogethertol i
veinpeaceandhar mony ,giv
e
eachot herexpensi vegi ft
s,providemat erialassi stancetot hosein
need.
Semeni isconsideredaspecialtreatoft hi
shol iday.Aft
ercooking,
thelidoft heboi l
erwasopenedbyt hemostr espectedwomani nthe
vil
l
age.Accor ding tol egend,whoev erfirstopened t he l
id ofthe
cauldronallegedlyfoundthef i
ngerpr
intsofBi bi Pat
ma( orEshePatma)
i
nt hedi sh.Thef ood,f l
avoredwithmeatandsweet s,wascookedi n
l
argecaul drons,everyonewhocamet ot hehousesatdownt oeat.

5.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.WhendidtheFesti
val ofNowr uzori
ginate?
2.Whatdoestheword“ Nowr uz”mean?
3.Whyisitcel
ebr
atedonMar ch21?
4.Howdot heTur
kmenpeopl ecelebrat
et hishol
iday?
5.Whatdidyoudoont hel astNowruz?
6.WhatfooddotheTur kmenpeopl ecookont heFesti
val
ofNowr
uz?

6.Mat
chonehal
foft
hesent
encewi
tht
heot
her
.
1.Turkmens,
li
keotherpeopl
e a)cust
om t
ov i
si
trel
ati
vesand
oftheworl
d,fr
om t
ime el
derl
ypar
ents.
i
mmemor i
al
2.Semeni
isconsi
der
ed b)al
legedlyfoundthe
fi
ngerpr
intsofBibiPatma(or
AshePat ma)inthedish.
3.Peopleti
dyupt
hei
ryar
ds, c)i
nti
mei
mmemor
ial
.
pl
anttreesand
4.Si
nceanci
entt
imesi
twasa d)aspeci
alt
reatoft
his
hol
iday
.
5.Thef esti
valofNowruz e)l
uxur
iousj
ewel
ry.
ori
ginated
6.Accor di
ngtolegend, f
)sewt
hemsel
vesbr
ightat
ti
re.
whoev erfi
rstopenedthel
idof
t
hecaul
dron
7.Womenputon g)hadt
hei
rowndi
sti
nct
ive
cust
oms.

7.Wr
it
etr
ueorf
alse.
1.Thef estivalofNowruzori
ginat
edintimeimmemor i
al._
_ _
_____
2.Dogr amai sconsideredaspeci
altr
eatofthishol i
day ._______
_
3.Peopl etidyuptheiryar
ds,pl
anttr
eesandsewt hemsel vesbright
att
ire.________
4.Sinceanci entti
mesi twasacustom tovi
sitrelati
v esandel derl
y
parents._ _
_ _
____
5.“Nowr uz”goesbackt otwowor ds,whichor iginall
ymeant“ new+
day”.________
6.Itisthet i
mewhent henatur
eawakensandar ousessweetdr eamsi n
thesoul s.

8.Readt
hepr
over
banddi
scusst
hemeani
ng.

Wat
eri
sthedr
ivi
ngf
orceofal
lnat
ure.

9.Li
stenandr
eadal
ongt
hepoem.Lear
nbyhear
t.
WeNeedWat
ert
oSur
viv
e

Weneedwat ertosur v
ive
Itkeepsusal i
ve!
Andifyoudrinkiteveryday
Youcanr unandpl ay.
It
’sinourfood,
I
t’
sintheair,
You’l
lfi
ndwat ereverywhere,
Weneedwat ertosurvive,
I
tkeepsusal ive!

10.Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.
1.Whatdoeswat
ermeant
oyou?
 2.Whyiswateri
mport
anttoy
ou?
3.Whatdoyouusethemostwaterf
or?
4.Howdoeswateraff
ectt
hefoodyoueat
?

11.Di
dyouknowt
hat
?

Nearl
y97%oft he
worl
d'
swat eri
s
sal
tyorotherwi
se
undri
nkable.

12.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.
composed [
ˈ
væl
j
uː]

t
oval
ue [
ˈ
rezəv
wɑː
(r
)]

exci
ti
ng [
ɪɡˈ
zɪ
bɪt
]

r
eser
voi
r [
ɪkˈ
saɪ
tɪŋ]

i
nval
uabl
e [
ˈ
ɪrɪ
ɡeɪ
t]

exhi
bit [
kəmˈ
pəʊzd]

t
oir
ri
gat
e [
ɪnˈ
væl
j
uəbl
]

13.Lear
nthewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.
sear
ing sost
rongt
hati
tseemst
obur
nyou.
sacr
ed v
eryi
mpor
tantandt
reat
edwi
thgr
eatr
espect
.
i
rr
igat
ion t
hepract
iceofsuppl
yi
ngwat ertoanareaof
l
andthr
oughpipesorchannelssothatcr
ops
wi
ll
grow.
di
tch al
ongchannel
dugatt
hesi
deofaf
iel
dor
 r
oad,
tohol
dort
akeawaywat
er.
t
rench along,
deephol
eduginthegr
ound,
for
examplef
orcar
ryi
ngawaywater
.
r
eser
voi
r anatur
alorart
if
ici
allakewherewateri
s
st
oredbefor
eitistakenbypipest
ohouses,
et
c.
annual
l
y onceay
ear
.
i
nval
uabl
e ext
remel
yusef
ul.

14.Readt
het
ext
.

Adr
opofwat
eri
sagr
ainofgol
d
Turkmenistanischar acteri
zedbyal ackofr ainfal
l,lotsofsear ing
sunshine and hi gh temper atures.The wat eri s highl yv alued in
Turkmeni st
anbecauseov er70% areaoft hecount ryiscomposedof
deserts.Thisi swhyt heancest orsoft heTur kmenpeopl eusedt o
compar eadr opofwat ert oagr ainofgold, consideri
ngi tsacred.They
usedt obui l
di rr
igat
iondi tchesandt r
enches,wat er-
reservoirs,lakes
andwel lsforthepreservationofwat erresources.
Tomeett hechall
enget hecountryhadt obuildthel ongesti nthe
worldman- madecanal “
TheGar agum River”andt heuni queman- made
TurkmenLake“ Alt
ynAsy r
”i nt heGar agum deser t.Sot hel ifeand
ecologyoft he f ormerlydesertnat ion i s being changed.I rri
gated
far
mi nginthecount ryi
sbeingdev elopedt omeett henation’sneedsi n
agri
cultur
alproducts.
Annual
lyont hefir
stSundayi nApr ilthecount r
yhol dsthepubl i
c
holi
daycalled“Adr opofwat erisagr ainofgol d”.Theexciti
nghol iday
i
shel dneart hebanksofr i
v er
,reserv oi
r sandcanal s,wher ey oucan
enj
oyconcer ts,watchsportscompet i
tionsandsomeot herfesti
v i
ti
es.
Thecelebrati
onsgi veasenseofhappi nessandgr at
efulnesst o
people.Itactuallyunitesthenat iont oachi evethemosti mpor t
ant
ecologi
calgoal whichissavinginvaluablewat er.

15.Tr
ueorFal
se.
Tur
kmenist
ani scharact
eri
zedbyalackofr ai
nfal
l
, T F
l
otsofsear
ingsunshi
neandhight
emperat
ures.
Thewateri
shighlyval
uedinTur
kmenist
anbecause T F
over75%ar
eaofthecount
ryi
scomposedofdeser
ts.
Tomeett hechallengethecount
ryhadtobuil
dt he T F
l
ongestinthewor ldman-madecanal“
TheGaragum
Ri
ver”andtheuniqueman-madeTurkmenLake“Al
tyn
Asyr
”intheGaragum deser
t.
Annuall
yont hesecondSundayinApr
ilt
hecount
ry T F
holdsthepubli
choli
daycal
led“Adr
opofwateri
sa
grainofgol
d”.
I
rr
igat
edfarminginthecount
ryisbei
ngdevel
opedt
o T F
meetthenat
ion’
sneedsinagr
icul
tur
alpr
oduct
s.
The cel
ebrat
ions gi
ve a sense ofhappi
ness and T F
grat
eful
nesstopeopl
e.

16.Fi
ndt
heEngl
i
sh/
Russi
anequi
val
ent
sfort
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
over
bs:

“
Suw–zer
,suwçy–zer
gär
”.
 “
Suwhasy
lyňenesi
dir
”.
“
Suwl
yýergül
l
i,suwsuzý
er–ý
ell
i
”.
“
Çöl
gör
ki–suw,
suwgör
ki–guw”
.

LESSON4Ear
thDay
.Pr
ojectwor
k
1.Readt
hequot
eanddi
scusst
hemeani
ng.

MAKEEVERY
DAY
EARTHDAY!

2.Li
stenandr
epeatt
hef
oll
owi
ng.

Habi
tat,green,tr
ees,weat
her
,pl
anet
,recy
cle,damage,cl
imat
e,
conser
ve,energy
,ozone.

3.Tr
anscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.

habi
tat _
___
___
___

gr
een _
___
___
___

t
rees _
___
___
___

weat
her _
___
___
___
 pl
anet _
___
___
___

r
ecy
cle _
___
___
___

damage _
___
___
___

cl
imat
e _
___
___
___

conser
ve _
___
___
___

ener
gy _
___
___
___

ozone _
___
___
___

4.Ther
earemanythi
ngsyoucandoev er
ydayt
ohel
ptheEar
th.Use
thewordbankt
ofi
l
l i
nthesent
ences.

wat
er l
unchbox heal
thy t
ree bir
d l
i
ght
s
feeder

shower newspaper
s paper j
uicebox TV ani
mal
s

1.Inst
eadofapaperbag, usea_ ____________
__.
2.Whenbr ushingy ourteeth,donotl eavethe_ ___
_ _
_ _
_______runni
ng.
3.Pickuplit
terso_ ______________wi l
lnoteatitandgetsi ck.
4.Usear eusablejuicecont ai
neri nsteadofa_ _
_____________.
5.Makea_ _
_____________.Somebi rdsdon’thav eenoughf oodinthe
winter
.
6.Whenwr iti
nganddr awing,usebot hsidesoft he_ ____
__ __
_____
_.
7.Wheny ouleavear oom, turnofft he_ _
_________
_ _
_ _
and_ _
_____
___.
8.Donotl i
tt
erinoceansandl akessot hefishwillstay_________
____
__.
9.Recycleyourcansand_ _
_ _
_ ___
_ ______
.
10.Takea_ ______
_ _____
__inst eadofabat h.
11.Planta_______________.
5.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.Li
stenandsayt
hem.

1.i
nter
nat
ional a.[
ɪnˈ
vaɪ
rənmənt
]
2.t
ohonor b.[
ˈ
ɡɑː
bɪdʒ]
3.pol
l
uti
on c.[
ˈ
neɪ
bəhʊd]
4.sol
uti
on d.[
ˌ
ɪndɪ
ˈ
vɪdʒuəl
]
5.env
ironment e.[
ˌ
ɪnt
əˈ
næʃ
nəl
]
6.gener
ati
on f
.[səˈ
l
uːʃ
n]
7.nei
ghbor
hood g.[
pəˈ
l
uːʃ
n]
8.gl
obal h.[
ˈ
ɒnə(
r)]
9.i
ndi
vi
dual i
.[ˌ
dʒenəˈ
r
eɪʃ
n]
10.gar
bage j
.[ˈ
ɡl
əʊbl
]

6.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.

1.gar
bage a)al
lthepeopl
ewhower
ebor
nataboutt
he
sametime
2.par
ti
cipant b)cov
eri
ngoraf
fect
ingt
hewhol
ewor
ld
3.gener
ati
on c)t
ocel
ebr
atef
est
ival
s,bi
rt
hday
s,et
c.
4.mov
ement d)apersonwhoi
staki
ngpar
tinanact
ivi
tyor
event
5.gl
obal e)agr
oupofpeopl
ewhoshar
ethesame
i
deasorai
ms
6.act
ion f
)tocol
l
ectsomet
hingf
rom apl
ace
7.t
opi
ckup g)wast
efood,
paper
,et
c.t
haty
out
hrowaway
8.t
oobser
ve h)t
heprocessofdoingsomethi
ngi
nordert
o
makesomethinghappenort
odealwit
ha
 si
tuat
ion

7.Readt
het
ext
.
Ear
thDay
EarthDayt akespl aceeachy earonApr il22.I t’
sani nt
ernational
cel
ebr ati
on t hat honor st o pr otect t he pl anet.I ti s known as
“I
nternationalMot herEar t
hDay ”ar oundt hewor ld.Apr i
l22wasf i
rst
establi
shedbyt heUni tedNat i
onsasI nternationalMot herEarthDayi n
2009,j oi
ninggr oupst hathadpr eviousl ycel ebratedEar t
hDayont he
samedat e.
Peoplecomet oget heracr osst hewor ldt ohel pst oppol l
ut i
on,
sharesol uti
onsf orenv i
ronment alprobl ems, andcel ebratetheplanet .
EarthDayi saspeci aldayt ol earnaboutt heenv i
ronmentandhow
totakecar eofi t
.Ev ery bodyshoul dt ryt oprot ecttheenv i
ronmentnot
onlyforour selvesbutal sof orthenextgener at i
ons.
There ar el ots oft hings we can do i n ourhome and our
nei
ghbor hoodt ohel psav i
ngourear th, airandwat er.
Earthdaywasf oundedi ntheUni tedSt atesi n1970.
Twent yyear slater,t hemov ementwentgl obal.In1990,Ear thDay
hadt wohundr edmi lli
onpar t
icipantsf rom 141count ri
es.Today ,ov er
192count r
iesobser v eEar thDay .
Ont hatdaysomepeopl etakei ndi v i
dualact ions,suchaspi cki
ng
upgar bagei nt heirf avor i
tepar ks.Peopl esomet imesj oi
nt ogethert o
makel argerst atement s.

8.Wr
ieTr
t ueorFal
se.
1.Ear
thdaywasf
oundedi
ntheUni
tedSt
atesi
n1972._
___
___
___
2.Ear
thDayt
akespl
aceeachy
earonApr
il22._
___
___
___
3.I
tisknownas“
Mot
herEar
thDay
”ar
oundt
hewor
ld._
___
___
___
4.Today
,ov
er192count
ri
esobser
veEar
thDay
.__
___
___
__
5.In1990,Eart
hDayhadt
wohundr
edmi
l
li
onpar
ti
cipant
sfr
om 143
countr
ies.
_
___
___
___
6.Peopl
e somet
imes j
oint
oget
her t
o make l
arger st
atement
s.
___
___
___
_
9.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Whatistheai
m ofcelebrati
ngtheEar
thDay?
2.Whatcanpeopledotopr otectt
heEart
h?
3.I
sInt
ernati
onalMotherEar t
hDaythesameasEar
thDay
?
4.WhyisEarthDaysospeci al
?
5.Howmanycount r
iescelebrateEar
thDay?

10.Wordsearch.Findhi
ddenwords.Thewor
dsar
ewr
it
tenup,down,
for
wardbackward,anddi
agonal
l
y.

ani
mal
s beach bi
rds ear
th
f
lower
s gar
den gr
ass hel
p
mount
ain ocean pol
l
ute r
ecy
cle
r
iver sky sun t
rees

S U N P O L L U T E X
D B S G K U R Q H E R
E E G A Z O I F E Z E
A A R R X H V G L Z C
R C A D O C E S P F Y
T H S E B W R Q H L C
H L S N B I R D S O L
B M O U N T A I N W E
S K O C E A N W V E Z
K K T R E E S Q X R M
Y A N I M A L S P S O
11.Li
stenandr
eadal
ong.Lear
nbyhear
t.
Makeev erydayEar thDay
Doi ngy ourshar e.
Makeev erydayEar thDay
Ifyour eal
lycare.
Ev erylit
tl
ebi tmat ter
s
Fortheear th,airandsea.
Ev erylit
tl
ebi tmat ter
s
Forwor l
decol ogy !

12.Writ
eal ett
ertoy ourf
ri
end t
otel
labouthow Ear
th Dayi
s
cel
ebr
atedaty
ourschool
.
_
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_
___
___
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___
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
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___
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___
___
_
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
_
___
___
___
___
___
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___
___
___
___
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___
___
___
___
___
___
_
_
___
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___
___
___
___
___
_
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
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_
_
___
___
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___
___
___
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___
___
___
___
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

13.Proj
ectwor
k.Geti
ntogr
oupsandwr
it
esi
xti
psonhowwecansav
e
theEart
h.

How canwesav
ethe
Ear
th?
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
___
___
___
___
___
_
___
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___
___
___
___ _
___
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___
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___
___
_
___
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___
___ _
___
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___
___
___
___
_
___
___
___
___
___ _
___
___
___
___
___
 _
___
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___
_
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___
___ _
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___
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___
_
___
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___
___ _
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___
_
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___

_
___
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___ _
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_
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___ _
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___
___
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___
Uni
t6.
CULTUREANDME
Lesson1.Aboutl
i
ter
atur
e.FamousTur
kmenwr
it
ers.

Li
ter
atur
e
Abodyofwr
it
tenwor
ks

1.Readandanswert
hequest
ions.
1.Atwhatagecoul dyour ead?
2.Whatwasy ourfi
rstbook?
3.Whatisyourfavorit
estor y?
4.Whoisyourfavoritewriter/poet?
5.Whoisyourfavoritechar acter?
6.Whatist
hemosti nter
est ingbooky ouhaveeverr
ead?
7.Whatist
hef unniestbooky ouhav eeverr
ead?
8.Whatbookhav ey oureadr ecent
ly?

2.Tr
anscri
beandsaythefoll
owingwords.
Prose,
li
ter
atur
e,audi
ence,author
,poet
,fi
cti
on,
genr
e,pl
aywr
ight
,
non-
fi
cti
on,st
anza,dr
ama,poetry.

3.St
udyt
het
abl
e.
pr
ose wr
it
ingt
hati
snotpoet
ry.
l
i
ter
atur
e pi
ecesofwr
it
ing,especi
all
ynov
els,pl
aysand
poems.
audi
ence thegr
oupofpeoplewhohav
egatheredtowat ch
or li
sten to somethi
ng (a play, concert
,
somebodyspeaki
ng,
etc.
)
aut
hor aper
sonwhowr
it
esbooks.
poet aper
sonwhowr
it
espoems.
f
ict
ion at ype ofli
teraturethatdescri
bes i
magi
nar
y
peopleandevents,notr
ealones.
genr
e apar
ti
cul
art
ypeorst
yleofl
i
ter
atur
e.
pl
aywr
ight a person who wr
it
es pl
aysf
ort
he t
heat
re,
t
elev
isionorr
adi
o.
non-
fi
cti
on books,ar
ti
cl
esort
ext
saboutr
ealf
act
s,peopl
e
andevent
s.
st
anza agr
oupofl
i
nesofapoem.
dr
ama apl
ayf
ort
het
heat
re,
tel
evi
sionorr
adi
o.
poet
ry Averse,poemsi
ngener
al;poemsasagenr
eof
l
i
ter
ature

4.Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
tht
hewor
dsi
nthebox.

Prose,
li
ter
ature,audi
ence,aut
hor
,poet,f
ict
ion,
genr
e,pl
aywr
ight
non-
fi
cti
on, st anza, dr ama, poetry

1. _
___
___
___
___
__ Li
ter
atur
ethati
snott
rueorr
eal
.
2. _
___
___
___
___
__ The st
yle orcat
egor
y ofar
t,musi
c or
l
it
erat
ure.
3. _
___
___
___
___
__ Piecesofwr
it
ingt
hatar
eval
uedaswor
ks
ofart,
 especi
all
ynov
els,
play
sandpoems.
4. _
___
___
___
___
__ Peopl
egat
her
ingataconcer
torpl
ay.
5. _
___
___
___
___
__ The person who wr
it
es pl
aysf
or t
he
theat
re,
TVorradi
o.
6. _
___
___
___
___
__ The per son who wr
it
es st
ori
es or
newspaperart
icl
es.
7. _
___
___
___
___
__ Agroupofl
i
neswi
thi
napoem,
somet
imes
cal
l
eda
v
erse.
8. _
___
___
___
___
__ Play per
for
med on st
age i
nfr
ont an
audi
ence.
9. _
___
___
___
___
__ Poemsi ngener
al;poemsasagenr
eof
l
it
erat
ure.
10. _
___
___
___
___
__ Wr
it
ingt
hati
snotpoet
ry.
11. _
___
___
___
___
__ Wr
it
tenwor
ksaboutr
eal
fact
sandev
ent
s.
12. _
___
___
___
___
__ Per
sonwhowr
it
espoems.

5.Li
sten,
readandmat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
hei
rtr
anscr
ipt
ions.
out
standi
ng [
ˌ
edɪ
ˈ
tɔː
ri
əl]
f
ounder [
aʊt
ˈ
stændɪ
ŋ]
edi
tor
ial [
ˈ
del
ɪkət
]
f
rui
tf
ul [
ˌ
kɒmpəˈ
zɪ
ʃn]
del
i
cat
e [
ˌ
ɪnspəˈ
r
eɪʃ
n]
t
ocompl
ain [
ˈ
fruː
tf
l]
i
nspi
rat
ion [
kəmˈ
pl
eɪn]
 composi
ti
on [
ˈ
faʊndə(
r)]

6.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.
1.Composi
ti
on a)ext
remel
ygood;
excel
l
ent
.
2.Fr
uit
ful b)tosayt hatyouareannoyed,unhappyornot
sat
isf
iedaboutsomebody
/somethi
ng.
3.Tocompl
ain c)connectedwit
hthet
askofprepar
ingsomethi
ng
suchasanewspaper,abookoratel
evisi
onor
radi
o.programme,t
obepubli
shedorbroadcast
.
4.Out
standi
ng d)notst
rongandeasi
l
ybecomi
ngi
l
l.
5.Founder e)beingcar
efult
hatev
erydet
ailofsomet
hingi
s
cor
rect.
6.Edi
tor
ial f
)pr
oduci
ngmanyusef
ulr
esul
ts.
7.Del
i
cat
e g)api
eceofmusi
corar
t,orapoem
8.I
nspi
rat
ion h)apersonwhostar
tsanorgani
zat
ion,i
nst
it
uti
on,
et
c.orcausessomet
hingt
obebuil
t.

7.Readt
het
ext
.
FamousTur
kmenwr
it
ers
 Nur my ratSar yhanow–t heout standi ngTur kmenwr i
ter,oneoft he
founder sofmoder nTur kmenl iterature,whosewor kswer et ranslated
i
nt omanyl anguagesoft hewor ld.
From 1937t o1941, thewr iterwor kedi nt heedi t
or i
alof f
icesoft he
newspaper sandl iterarymagazi nes.Thesey earst urnedoutt obet he
mostf r
ui tf
uli nhisl i
fe–hewr ot easer i
esofst ori
esl ike“TheBook”
and“ ShukurBagshy ”
.Itisint hisper i
odt hatf rom anor dinaryjour nalist
,
het urnedi ntoar eal writer.
Hisf amousst or y“TheBook”wasdev ot edt ot heimmor t
al her i
tage
ofagr eatTur kmenpoetandt hinkerMagt ymgul yPy ragy.Anot her
mast erpiece- “Shukurbagshy ”deal swi tht hepr obl
emsofwarand
peace,el evatingt hemagi coft heTur kmenmusi calar t.Itisnotby
chancet hatt hemov i
e“ Shukurbagshy ”gai nedgl or ywi thart-l
ov ers.
TheRussi anwr i
terAnt onPav l
ov i
chChekhovi sr enownedmast er
ofshor tst oryt hewor l
dov er.Nur my ratSar yhanowst andsnextt ot his
greatwr iterasanunsur passedmast erofshor tstor y.
Transl atorandf ri
endoft heTur kmenwr iterAl exanderAbor ski
remember sabouthi m:“ amodest ,del i
cat eper son…i tseemst hathe
wassl i
ght lydoneoutofhi sshar ei nl i
fe,butnev ercompl ainsofl ife
anddemandsnot hingf orhi msel f…Att hesamet i
me,hepossessesa
reserveofhugei ntell
ect ualener gy,out standi ng cul ture.Hei st he
l
iteraryar ti
st,outstandingandor iginal”.

8.Wr
ieTr
t ueorFal
se.

From 1937to1942,Nur
myr
atSaryhanow wor
kedin T F
theedit
ori
alof
fi
cesofthenewspapersandlit
erar
y
magazi
nes.
Hewr oteaser
iesoff
amousst
ori
esl
i
ke“
Shukur
- T F
bagshy”
.
The Russi
an wri
ter Ant
on Pavl
ovi
ch Chekhov i
s T F
renownedmast
erofnovel
sthewor
ldover
.
I
tisnotbychancet
hatthemov
ie“
Shukurbagshy
” T F
gai
nedglor
ywithar
t-
lov
ers.
NurmyratSaryhanow st
ands nextt
othe Russian T F
wri
terAntonPav l
ovi
chChekhovasanunsurpassed
masterofshor
tstory
.

9.Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.
1.Whendi dNur my ratSaryhanowwor kintheeditori
alof
fi
cesofthe
newspapersandl it
erarymagazi nes?
2.Whatfamousst oriesbyNur myratSar
yhanowdoy ouknow?
3.Whatf amous st ory by Nurmy r
atSaryhanow deals withthe
problemsofwarandpeace?
4.Whatf amousst orybyNur my ratSar
yhanow wasdev otedtothe
i
mmor t
alherit
ageofagr eatTur kmenpoetandt hinkerMagty
mguly
Pyragy?
5.WhoisAl exanderAbor skiandwhatdoeshesayaboutNur my
rat
Saryhanow?

10.Readt
hedi
alogueandguesswhatpoett
hest
udent
sar
etal
ki
ng
about
.
Kemal
-Hey,whataredoingaf
tertheclasses?
Emin–HaveItoldyouthatIj
oinedthe“Poetr
yclub”
?
Kemal–Oh,yes.Youwanttosayt hatyou’
vegotaclubmeet
ing?
Emin- Goodguess.Todaywe‘dliketocommemor atemy
 favouri
teTurkmenpoetwhowasbor nont hef i
rstspri
ng
dayandl i
vedashor t,butbri
ghtlif
e.
Kemal-Hemusthav ewr i
tt
ennicethingsaboutspr ingthen.Poets
li
kethatseasonv erymuch.
Emin -True,buthelov edautumnwi thallhi
sheartandsoul .The
ti
meoft hey eargavehimi ncredi
bleinspi
ration.
Kemal–Sor r
y,Iam notgoodatpoet ry.Cany ougiveahi ntwi t
ha
l
ineortwo?
Emin-_Sure.Herearet wolinestohelpyou:“Ýaprakbagdan
gaçmasa,güý züňgörkinäm bolsun?”
Kemal-Thanks.I’
veguessed.I tis….Enjoyyourpar ty.

11.Writ
eal
ett
ert
oyourf
ri
endt
otel
labouty
ourf
avor
it
eTur
kmen
wri
ter
.
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_

LESSON2.FamousEngl
i
shandAmer
icanwr
it
ers.
1.Li
stenandl
ear
nther
hyme.
 Shewal
ksi
nbeaut
y.
Shewalksi nbeaut
y,li
ket henight
Ofcloudlesscl
imesandst ar
ryski es;
Andallthat’
sbestofdar kandbr ight,
Thusmel lowedtothattenderlight,
Whichheav entogaudydaydeni es.

ByLor
dBy
ron(
Geor
geGor
don)

2.Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.
1.Doy ouknowanyf amousEngli
shwrit
ers?
2.Doy ouknowanyf amousAmericanwrit
ers?
3.Whoi syourfavor
it
eEngli
shwrit
er?
4.Whoi syourfavor
iteAmeri
canwrit
er?
5.Ifyouweregivenachance,whatwouldyouli
ket
oasky
ourf
avor
it
e
Engli
shwr i
ter
?

3.Herear et
heport
rai
tsoffamousBr
it
ishwr
it
ersexhi
bit
edinthe
Nat
ionalPort
rai
tGal
l
ery.Mat
chthenamesofthewri
ter
swi t
hthei
r
por
trai
ts.

Char
lesDi
ckens

OscarWi
l
de

Rober
tBur
ns

Wi
l
li
am Shakespear
e

Dani
elDef
oe

Lewi
sCar
rol
l
 1 2 3

4 5 6

4.Mat
cht
henamesoft
hewr
it
ersandt
hebookst
heyar
efamousf
or.
Char
lesDi
ckens RomeoandJul
i
et.
OscarWi
l
de Al
i
ce’sAdvent
uresi
n
Wonder
land.
Rober
tBur
ns ThePi
ctur
eofDor
ianGr
ay.
Wi
l
li
am Shakespear
e Robi
nsonCr
usoe.
Dani
elDef
oe Dav
idCopper
fi
eld.
 Lewi
sCar
rol
l Songsandpoems.

5.Li
sten,
sayandt
ranscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.
To perf
orm,autobiogr
aphi
cal
,soci
ety
,or
phan,wi
zar
d,success,
bi
l
li
onair
e,novel
,roy
al.

6.St
udyt
heact
ivev
ocabul
ary
.
t
oper
for
m Toenter
tainanaudiencebypl
ayi
ngapi
eceof
musi
c,acti
nginapl
ay,etc.
aut
obi
ogr
aphi
cal Basedont
hewr
it
er’
sorar
ti
st’
sownexper
iences.
soci
ety Peopl
eingener
al,
li
vi
ngt
oget
heri
ncommuni
ti
es.
or
phan Achi
l
dwhosepar
ent
sar
edead.
wi
zar
d Amanwi
thmagi
cpower
s(i
nst
ori
es)
.
success Thefactthaty
ouhav eachiev
edsomethingt
hat
youwantandhavebeentr
yingtodoorget
.
bi
l
li
onai
re An extremel
yr i
ch per
son,who has atl
easta
thousandmil
li
onpounds,dol
l
ars,
etc.i
nmoneyor
propert
y.
nov
el A storylongenoughtofil
lacomplet
ebook,in
which the char
acter
s and ev
ent
s are usual
l
y
i
magi nar
y .
r
oyal Connect
edwithorbel
ongi
ngt
otheki
ngorqueen
ofacountr
y.

7.Readt
het
ext
.
FamousEngl
i
shwr
it
ers
 Wi
l
li
am Shakespear
e
Wil
li
am Shakespear
ewasbor ni nStr
atford-upon-
Av on,Engl
and
i
nApr i
l1564.Hespenthischi l
dhoodt her
e,butlatermov edtoLondon.
Hewor kedasanact or
,andheal sowr oteplaysf orhisf ri
endsto
perf
orm.Hisplayswerev erypopular.Actorsperformedt hem atroyal
court
sandf amoust heatres.Peopl estil
lloveShakespear e’
splays.
Manyf i
l
msar eal
soinspir
edbyhi swor k.
JaneAust en
JaneAust enwasbor non16th December1775,i nHampshi re,
England.Shehadsev enbr other
sandsi st
ers,andherfamilywasv ery
close. Many peopl e bel i
eve t hat parts of her nov els were
autobiographical,
becauseshewr ot eaboutfami l
i
esandsociet yatt
hat
ti
me.Shepubl ishedherfi
rstnovel, SenseandSensibil
i
ty,
in1811.Two
yearslater,shepubli
shedhersecondnov ,Pr
el ideandPrejudice.Pr
ide
andPr ejudiceisoneofthemostf amousnov el
sintheworl
d, andmany
fi
lmsandbooksar ebasedont hest ory.
JoanneRowl
i
ng(
J.K.
)
JoanneRowling(J.
K.)wasbor ninGl oucestershi
re,England,on
st
31 Jul y1965.Shealwayslovedreadingandwhenshewasy oung,she
oftenwr otest
oriestotel
ltoherlit
tl
esi ster
.In1990,JoanneRowl i
ng
wasont rai
nwhenshehadt hei
deaf orhermostf amouschar acter
:an
orphanwhobecomesawi zar
d.Shest art
edwr iti
ngt hef i
rstHar r
y
Pot t
erstoryassoonasshegothome.TheHar ryPotterbooksand
fi
lmswer eahugesuccess.JoanneRowl ingist hefirstper sonto
becomeabi l
li
onair
ebywriti
ngbooks.

8.Compl
etet
hesent
enceswi
tht
hewor
dsi
nthebox.
autobi
ogr
aphi
cal char
act
ers chi
l
dhood nov
el
orphan

1.Hisparentsarebothdead,sohe’
san_ _____
____.
2.Iwrotethisstor
yaboutmyownl ife.I
t’
s_ _
_______
_.
3.HarryPotterandJamesBondar et wofamous_ _
_____
____
_.
4.Idon’tl
ikeshortst
ori
es.Iwoul
dr atherreada_ ____
____
_.
5.Igrewupi nLondon,andIhadahappy_ ______
___ther
e.
9.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Wher
edi
dShakespear
espendhi
schi
l
dhood?
2.Whatj
obsdi
dShakespear
ehav
e?
3.Whatdi
dJaneAust
enwr
it
eabout
?
4.Whendi
dJaneAust shPr
enpubl
i ideandPr
ejudi
ce?
5.Whatdi
dJ.
K.Rowl
i
ngwr
it
ewhenshewasachi
l
d?
6.WherewasJ.
K.Rowl
i
ngwhenshehadt
hei
deaf heHar
ort ryPot
ter
st
ori
es?

10.Wr
it
etr
ueorf
alse.
1.JaneAust non16thDecember1775._
enwasbor ___
___
___
__
2.Wil
l
iam Shakespearewasbor
ninSt
rat
for
d-upon-
Avon,
Engl
andi
n
Apr
il1574._
_______
____
3.The Har
ry Pot
ter books and f
il
ms wer
eal
i
ttl
e success.
___
___
___
___
4.J.
K.Rowl
ingalwaysl
ovedreadingandwhenshewasy oung,she
of
tenwrotest
ori
estotel
ltoherli
tt
lesi
ster
.__
___
___
___
_
5.Thr
eeyearslat
er,JaneAust
enpubl
i
shedhersecondnov
el,Pr
ide
andPr
ejudi
ce.____
____
___
_
6.I
n1990,JoanneRowl
i
ngwasont r
ainwhenshehadt
hei
deaf
or
hermostf
amouschar
act
er._
___
___
____
_
 LESSON3.
Myf
avor
it
ewr
it
er.
1.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Whoi
syourf
avor
it
ewr
it
er?
2.Whathav
eyoul
ear
ntf
rom t
hei
rbooks?
3.Whatmakest
hem speci
alt
oyou?
4.Whatdot
hei
rbooksmeant
oyou?
5.Whatar
eyour
eadi
ngnow?

2.Pai
rupwithapartnerandt al
kaboutyourfavor
it
ewr i
ter
.Fi
ndout
i
nter
esti
ngf
actsabouthi
m/ herandwri
tei
ny ournot
ebook.
 1.Whenwashe/
shebor
n?
2.Whendi
dhe/
shest
artwr
it
ing?
3.Whati
shi
s/hermostpopul
arbook?
4.Whathe/
sheusual
l
ywr
it
esabout
?
3.Dr
aw orglueapict
ureofy
ourf
avor
it
ewr
it
eri
nyournot
ebookand
compl
etethechar
tbel
ow.

Wr
it
er’
sname_
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

Booksbyt
hisaut
hor
:
1._
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__

2._
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__

3._
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__

Ienj
oyhi
s/herbooksbecause_
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

4.Li
sten,
sayandt
ranscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.
Uni
que,toli
nkup,keenon,l
egal
,shor
thand,r
epor
ter
,nov
eli
st,
cour
age,her
o.

5.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
hei
rdef
ini
ti
ons.

uni
que a)
li
ki
ngsomebody
/somethi
ngverymuch;
ver
y
i
nter
est
edi
nsomebody/somet
hing.
t
oli
nkup b)
bei
ngt
heonl
yoneofi
tski
nd.
keenon c)aqui
ckwayofwr i
ti
ngusingspeci
alsi
gnsor
abbrev
iat
ions,
usedespeci
all
ytorecor
dwhat
somebodyissayi
ng.
l
egal d)
aper
sonwhowr
it
esnov
els.
shor
thand e)t
ojoi
norbecomejoi
nedwi
th
somebody
/somethi
ng.
r
epor
ter f
)al
l
owedorr
equi
redbyl
aw.
nov
eli
st i
)theabi
li
tyt
odosomethi
ngdangerous,
orto
f
acepai
noropposi
ti
on,
wit
houtshowingfear
.
cour
age j
)thechar
act
eri
nast
ory
,nov
el,
fil
m,et
c.
her
o k)apersonwhocol
l
ectsandrepor
tsnewsf
or
newspaper
s,r
adi
oortel
evi
sion.
6.Readt
het
ext
.

Myf
avor
it
ewr
it
er
Readi ngtot hemi ndi swhatexer cisei st ot hebody .Abooki sone
oft hegr eatestwonder soft hewor l
d.I tgi vesusauni quechancet o
l
inkupwi thaut hor swhol i
vedhundr edsandt housandsofy earsago.
Thankst obookswecant alktopeopl ewhol i
v edindi fferentagesand
count ri
es.Thr oughr eadi ngbooks,weheart heirv oices,t hought sand
feelings.
Asf orme,I ’mf ondofr eading.Act uallyIbecamev erykeenon
l
iteratureatanear lyage.
Oneofmyf av ori
tewr i
tersisChar lesDi ckens.Hewasbor ni n1812
i
nPor t
smout h.Hewast hesecondoft heei ghtchi ldreni nt hef amily
.
Att heageoft wel v eChar leswassentt oschool ,wher ehedi dwel l
,and
att he age off i
fteen he gota j ob i nal egalf irm.Af terl earning
shor thand, hebecamear eporterfort he“ Mor ningChr oni cle”andsoon
wr ote“ Pickwi ckpaper s”.In1836,whent he“ Pickwi ckpaper s”wer e
publ i
shed, hebecamet hemostpopul arl ivingnov elistinEngl and.Then
hepubl ishednov elaf t
ernov el– “ OliverTwi st”,“Ni ckolasNi ckleby”,
“TheOl dCur i
osi tyShop” ,“Dav i
dCopper field” ,“Lit
tleDor rit”andmany
other s.
Ihav eani nteresti nAmer i
canl iteratur et oo.Thef i
rstAmer i
can
wr i
terwhocamemywaywasJackLondonwhosest oriesst ruckmeby
unusual situationsandt hecour ageofhi sher oes.

7.Tr
ueorFal
se.
Readi
ngt
othemi
ndi
swhatexer
cisei
stot
hebody
. T F
Thankstobookswecant al
ktopeopl
ewhol
i
vedi
n T F
di
ffer
entagesandcount
ri
es.
Throughreadi
ngnewspaper
s,weheart
hei
rvoi
ces, T F
thought
sandfeel
i
ngs.
Oneofmyf
avor
it
ewr
it
ersi
sEr
nestHemi
ngway
. T F
Char
lesDi
ckenswasbor
nin1812i
nPor
tsmout
h. T F
I
n1846,
whent
he“
Pickwi
ckpaper
s”wer
epubl
i
shed. T F
Att
heageoft
wel
veChar
leswassentt
oschool T F
Thef ir
stAmeri
canwriterwhocamemywaywas T F
JackLondonwhosest ori
esstr
uckmebyunusual
si
tuat
ionsandt
hecour
ageofhisher
oes.

8.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Whydoest heaut hort hi
nkt hatabooki soneoft hegreat
est
wonder soft
hewor l
d?
2.WhenwasChar l
esDi ckensborn?
3.Doy ouknowanynov elsofCharlesDi
ckens?
4.Whosest or
iesst r
uckt heaut horbyunusualsituat
ionsand the
courageofhisheroes?
5.Doy ouagreet hatbooksgi v eauni quechancetol i
nkupwi th
authorswholiv
edhundr edsandt housandsofyear
sago?
 LESSON4.

Goi
ngt
othet
heat
re/
cinema.Pr
ojectwor
k.

1.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Howof
tendoy
ouwat
chf
il
ms?
2.Whatt
ypeoff
il
msdoy
oul
i
ket
hemost
?
3.Doy
oul
i
kegoi
ngt
otheci
nema?
4.Do youwatchEngli
shl
anguagef
il
ms?Do y
oupr
efert
o wat
ch
subt
itl
edv
ersi
ons?
5.Doy
ouhav
eaf
avor
it
eact
or?
6.Whenwast
hel
astt
imet
haty
ouwentt
otheci
nemaort
heat
re?
7.Wher
edoy
oupr
efert
osi
tint
heci
nemaort
heat
re?Why
?
8.Doy
ouusual
l
ybuysomet
hingt
oeati
ntheci
nema?What
?

2.I
npair
s,di
scussy
ourt
ast
einf
il
m genr
es,
usi
ngt
hephr
asesbel
ow
tohel
pyou.
Posi
ti
ve(
+) Negat
ive(
+)

I
’
mfondof
…  Ican’
tst
and…

I
’
m madabout
… I
’
m notmadabout
…

I
’
m keenon… I
’
m notf
ondof
…

I
’
mreal
l
yint
o… I
’
m notkeenon…

_
___
___
isn’
t/
aren’
tmycupoft
ea.

_
___
___
isn’
tmyt
hing.
3.Li
sten,
sayandt
ranscr
ibet
hef
oll
owi
ng.
Modern,perf
ormance,ball
et,oper
a,conventi
on,t
orel
ax,st
age,
adv
entur
e,curi
ous,moral
,hor
ror,ani
mated,
vehi
cle.

4.St
udyt
heact
ivev
ocabul
ary
.
moder
n Newandint
endedt
obedi
ff
erentf
rom t
radi
ti
onal
st
yles.
per
for
mance Theactofper for
mingapl ay
,concer
torsome
otherf
orm ofent
ert
ainment
.
bal
l
et Astyl
eofdanci
ngt
hatt
ell
sast
orywi
thmusi
cbut
wi
thoutwor
ds.
oper
a A pl
ayinwhi
chmostoft
hewor
dsar
esungt
o
music.
conv
ent
ion Atr
aditi
onalmet
hodorst
ylei
nli
ter
atur
e,ar
tor
t
hetheat
re.
t
orel
ax Torestwhi l
eyouaredoingsomethi
ngt
haty
ou
enj
oy,especi
all
yaf
terwor
koreff
ort
.
st
age Ar ai
sed area,usuall
yinat heat
re,et
c.wher
e
act
ors,dancers,
etc.per
for
m.
adv
ent
ure Anunusual
,exci
ti
ngordanger
ousex
per
ience.
cur
ious Hav
ingast
rongdesi
ret
oknowaboutsomet
hing.
mor
al Having a hi
gh standard ofbehavi
ourthati
s
consider
edgoodandr i
ghtbymostpeopl
e.
hor
ror Atype ofbook,f
il
m,et
c.t
hati
s desi
gned t
o
f
ri
ghtenpeopl
e.
ani
mat
ed Madet
olookasi
ftheyar
emov
ing.
v
ehi
cle A t
hing used t
o expr
ess,embody
,or f
ulf
il
 somet
hing.

5.Fi
l
lint
hebl
ankswi
tht
hewor
dsi
nthebox.

Moder
n perf
ormance ball
et oper
a tor
elax st
age
adv
ent
ure curi
ous mor
al horr
or ani
mat
ed

1.Thei
rbehav
iourwasnot_
___
___
___
.
2.It
rai
nedasa_
___
___
___dancer
.
3.Dawutappr
eci
ates_
___
___
___ar
t.
4.Manymov
iesf
orki
dsar
e__
___
___
__r
athert
hanl
i
ve-
act
ion.
5.Her_
___
___
___i
nthepl
aywasgr
eat
.
6.Hewason_
___
___
___f
ormostoft
hepl
ay.
7.Thet
womenwer
etal
ki
ngaboutmusi
cand_
___
___
___
.
8.Ij
ustwantt
osi
tdownand_
___
___
___
.
9.Wheny
ouar
eachi
l
d,l
i
fei
sabi
g__
___
___
__.
10. Idon’
tli
ke_
___
___
___mov
ies.
11. Iam ext
remel
y__
___
___
__aboutwhati
sint
hatbox.

6.Readt
het
ext
.
Theat
re
Theatreistheplacewher epeoplecanr est
.Theat rei
sawor dwi t
h
amagi cring.Itcall
supabr ightandexci t
ingpicture.Theatr
ehelps
peopletogrowupanddev elop.It
’sagreatpossibil
itytomov ebackto
theti
mesofWi l
li
am Shakespeareormoder nauthors.
Moder ntheatr
ecamet ousf rom t
het heatr
eofAnci entGreece.It
i
ncludesper f
ormancesofpl aysandmusi caltheatr
e.Thear tformsof
ball
etandoper aarealsot heatr
eandusemanyconv enti
onssuchas
acti
ng,costumesandst agi
ng.
 Somepeoplegot ot hetheatretolaugh,t or
elax,t
oescapef rom
thei
rev er
ydayworri
esandcar es.Other
sgot obeemot i
onall
ysti
rr
ed,
tolivethr
oughthetroublesandcr i
sesoft hecharacter
sont hest
age.
Stil
lother
sseekadv entureandexcitement .Somear ecur i
oustofind
outhow ot herpeoplelive.Somegot olear n,t
obet aughtamor al
l
esson.
Ci
nema
Cinemahasgotani mpor t
antr
ol ei
nt heli
feofanysoci ety.Cinema
hasbecomeapar tofthemoder nwayofl if
e.Thereisnodeny ingthat
cinemai sanexcel l
entvehicleofculture.
Therear eal otofdiff
er entki
ndsoff i
lms:theatri
calf i
lms,hor r
or
fi
lms, t hril
ler f i
lms, popul ar sci ence f i
l
ms, my stery f il
ms,
document aries,andanimat edcartoons.Besidesfil
msmaybecol oror
black-and-white,f
ull
-l
engthorshor t,soundorsilent,dubbedi nmot her
tongue, t
hree-dimensi
onorwi descreen.

7.Tr
ueorFal
se.

Theat
rei
sthepl
acewher
epeopl
ecanr
est
. T F
Moderntheat
re came t
o us f
rom t
he t
heat
re of T F
Anci
entChi
na.
Somepeoplegot othetheat
retolaugh,t
or el
ax,t
o T F
escapef
rom t
hei
revery
dayworri
esandcares.
Cinemahasgotani
mpor
tantr
olei
nthel
i
feofany T F
societ
y.
Cinemahasbecomeawhol
epar
toft
hemoder
nway T F
ofli
fe.
Ther
ei snodenyi
ngt
hatci
nemai
sanexcel
l
ent T F
vehi
cleofcul
tur
e.

8.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Wher
ecanpeopl
erest
?
 2.Whatpi
cturescanthewor d“t
heatr
e”call
up?
3.Whatdoesmoder ntheat
reincl
ude?
4.Whydopeoplegot othetheatr
e?
5.Whati
sanexcel l
entvehi
cleofcul
ture?
6.Whatdi
ffer
entkindsoffi
lmsdoy ouknow?

9.Readt
hedi
alogueandt
ryt
omakeupy
ourowndi
alogue.

Arsl
an–Hi,Maksat .Howar ey ou?
Maksat–I
’mf ine.Andwhatabouty ou?
Arsl
an–Thanksal ot.Whatar ey ourpl
ansforthi
sweekend?
Maksat–Notmuch.What ’
sup?
Arsl
an–Wel l
.Woul dyoul i
ketogot ot
heci nemawithmeonSaturday
ni
ght?
Maksat–Sure,thatsoundsgr eat.What’
son?
Arsl
an–It
’sthenewX- Menmov ie.
Maksat–I’
m sor ry
,Idon’treallyli
kesuperherofi
lms.Whataboutthe
Angry
Birdsfil
m?I tshouldbef un.
Arsl
an–Okay .That’
sagr eati
dea.
Maksat–Whatt imeshal l
wemeet ?Thefil
m star
tsat6:
30pm.
Arsl
an–Let’smeetat6: 00infrontofthecinema.
Maksat–Perfect.

10.Whatt
heat
rei
sit
?Tr
ytoguess.

ThisTheat rei sassoci atedwi t

honeoft hegreatestEnglishwr i
t ers.It
wasbui ltin1599ont hesout hbankt hefamousr i
ver.Itwasar ound
building.Ithadt hreelev el
sofseat s.Ther ewasalsoanar eainf rontoft he
stage wher e people coul d stand. Itwas f amous f oritsv i
vid and
th
i
nt eresti
ngpl ays.Thet heatrewasdest royedbyf i
reonJunet he29 1613
dur i
ngt heper f
or manceofHenr ytheEighth.ThesecondTheat rewasbui l
t
ont hesamesi tebyJune1614andcl osedi n1642.Itcouldhouseupt o
3,000spect ators.Amoder nreconstr
uctionoft heTheatrebegani n1997
appr oximately750f eet( 230m)f r
om thesi t
eoft heor i
ginaltheatre.I tis
theexactcopyoft hef ormert heatr
e.

11.Cany
out
hinkofot
hert
ypesoff
il
ms?Wr
it
ethem down.
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

12.Proj
ectwork.Whatar
eci
nemaandt
heat
ref
ory
ou?Gi
vey
our
suggest
ions.

anexcel
l
ent y
oucan
v
ehicl
eofcult
ure r
elax

Ci
nema Theat
re
UNI
T7. TRAVELLI
NGANDME

Lesson1.Lei
sur
eTi
me.Howt
orestwel
l
.

1.Li
stenandr
ead.

Whati
str
avel
l
ingf
or?

Whati
str
avel
l
ingf
orme?
I
tist
heshi
ningsun,
thesea;

Thegol
densandwhi
chl
ookl
i
kebends;

Thebl
ue-
eyedskyt
enderbr
eeze.

That
’swhatI
’
mlooki
ngf
ori
ndr
eams,

Andt
heyar
emyi
nspi
ri
ngdr
eams!

Iwantt
oseei
ttobehol
d

Andt
rav
elal
lov
ert
hewor
ld!

2.Li
stenandsayt
hewor
ds.
3.Readt
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.
l
eisur
e /
ˈl
eʒə/

r
epr
esent /
repr
ɪˈ
zent
/

pr
ime /
praɪ
m/

v
ari
ous /
ˈveər
iəs/

hy
giene /
ˈhaɪ
dʒi
ː
n/

gl
i
mpse /
ɡlɪ
mps/

aspect /
ˈæspekt
/

subst
ant
iat
e /
səbˈ
st
ænʃ
ieɪ
t/

t
est
imony /
ˈt
est
ɪməni
/

ext
ent /
ɪkˈ
st
ent
/

maj
or /
ˈmeɪ
dʒə/

4.Lear
nthewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.

l
eisur
e t
imewhenonei
snotwor
kingoroccupi
ed,

f
reet
ime.

r
epr
esent t
oactorspeaki
nthepl
aceofsomebodyel
se.

pr
ime mai
n,best
,fi
rsti
nimpor
tance.

hy
giene t
hesci
enceofheal
th,
cleanl
i
ness.

gl
i
mpse abr
iefl
ook,
glanceorpeek.

aspect par
torel
ementofsomet
hing.

subst
ant
iat
e t
over
if
y,t
oaut
hent
icat
eort
ocor
robor
ate.

t
est
imonypr
oofofsomef
act
,test
,test
if
y.

ext
ent t
hel
engt
h,i
mpor
tance.

maj
or v
eryl
arge,
impor
tant
,ser
ious.
5.Chooset
hewor
dwi
thcl
osemeani
ngf
ort
hewor
dinbol
dty
pe.

1.Shehasdonet
hemaj
orpar
toft
hewor
k.

a)v
alue b)mai
n c)v
eryl
arge

2.Theext
entofhi
sknowl
edgeoft
hel
anguagei
saf
ewscat
ter
edwor
ds.

a)qual
i
ty b)pr
oof c)i
mpor
tance

3.Now,
let
'st
aket ecesoft
wopi est
imonyandt
ryt
oputt
hem t
oget
her
.

4.st
ep b)pr
oof c)amount

ygotgl
5.Ionl i
mpseoft
hecar
,soIcant
ell
yout
hecol
orbutnott
he
r
egi
str
ati
onnumber
.

a)br
iefl
ook b)cl
eanl
i
ness c)pi
ctur
e

6.Taket
hisbookandr
eadi ourl
taty eisur
e.

a)aty
ourf
reet
ime b)busy c)hast
en

7.Her
epr
esent
sthecompanyi
nBost
on.

a) wor
ksf
or b)hi
des c)t
ohi
de

8.Thi
sispr
imel
ocat
ionf
orbookst
ore.

a) best b)car
eless c)notsui
tabl
e

9.Var
iousexper
iment
shav
enotpr
ovedhi
stheor
y.

a) sust
ainabl
e b)di
ff
erent c)di
ff
icul
t

10.Poorper hy
sonal gi
enecanl
eadt
oheal
thi
ssuessuchasski
ninf
ect
ions.

a) poorcl
eanl
i
ness b)messy c)heal
th

11.Thati
stheaspectoft
hepr
obl
em t
hati
nter
est
smemost
.

a)i
ssue b)par
t c)apar
t

12.Wehav
eev
i osubst
dencet ant
iat
eit
.
 a)v
eri
fy b)r
esi
gn d)t
akeout

6.Readt
het
extandagr
eeordi
sagr
ee.

Lei
sur
e
&
Tel
evi
sion
(
UsesandAbuses)

Televisionisthemirroroflife.It
repr
esent
sli
feasi
treal
lyis.Iti
stoday’
soneofthepri
memediawhi chcanbe
usedasamedi um oflearningforthemassgeneralvar
iousprogramsar e
tel
ecasti
nordertogener ateasawar enessamongthepeopler el
ati
ngt o
healhanhy
t gi
ene,
nutri
ti
on, f
amilypl
anningasspr
eadofharmful
diseases.

Throughthet el
evi
sionpeoplegetgl i
mpsesofcult
ure,l
i
fest
yle,andplaces
ofinter
estwithinthecountryaswel lasabr heraspectoft
oad.Anot el
evi
sion
i
sthenewst hatwegetofdi f
ferentplacesfarandnear tsubst
.I anti
atesthe
newsal ongwithliv
epictur
es,whichactasat esti
monytoit.

Excessi
vet elevi
ewingcant ellupont heey esightaswel lasheal t
hi n
gener al
.Longhour sofwat chi
ngtelev
isi
onaffectstheey esi
ghttol geext
ar ent.
It’
sf oundtobeamaj orreasonamongt eenagerswhospendhour sbeforethe
televisi
on watching and eati
ng. Butt hebenef icialaspectsoft el
evi
sion
cannotbei gnor ed.Theonlywayouti stobeal itt
lemor eselect
iveaboutthe
progr amswemustwat ch.

7.Sayt
rue(
T)orf
alse(
F).

1.
Tel
evi
sionhasnot
hingt
odowi
thl
i
fe. T/F

2.
Thr
ought
het
elev
isi
onpeopl
egetgl
i
mpseofcul
tur
e. T/F

3.
Anaspectoft
elev
isi
oni
sthenews. T/F

4.
Longhour
sofwat
chi
ngt
elev
isi
onaf
fect
stheey
esi
ght
. T/F
 5.
Thebenef
ici
alaspect
soft
elev
isi
oncannotbei
gnor
ed. T/F

8.Makeal
i
stofspor
tsandl
eisur
eact
ivi
ti
esy
oucant
hinkof
.
Uset
hepi
ctur
est
ohel
pyou.

Choosepl
ay,
goordo.

_
___
___
___
___
__snowboar
ding

_
___
___
___
___
___
skat
ing

_
___
___
___
___
___
gol
f
4

_
___
___
___
___
___
cur
li
ng

_
___
___
___
___
___bi
cycl
i
ng

_
___
___
___
___
___
swi
mmi
ng

7
 _
___
___
___
___
_mount
ainbi
ki
ng

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
fishi
ng

_
___
___
___
___
___
_vol
l
eybal
l

1
 _
___
___
___
___
___
_hi
ki
ng

9.Choosesomeofthesport
sofl ei
sureact
ivi
ti
esf
rom y
ourl
i
standcompl
ete
thechar
t.Checkwi
ththedict
ionary
.

Spor
t/Act
ivi
ty Peopl
e Pl
ace Equi
pmentand
cl
othes

go snowboar
der skir
esor
t/dr
yski snowboard/boots/
snowboar
ding sl
ope hel
met/goggl es/
water
proofjacket
andtr
ousers

10.Li
stenandactt
hedi
alogue.
A:Hey,whatdoy ouenjoydoi
nginyourspar
eti
me?
B:
Oh, Ienjoydr
awingandpainti
ng.
A:Youknowhowt odrawandpaint?
B:
Yes, Ido.
A:Whendi dyoulear
ntododr aw?
B:
Ilearneditbacki nhighschool .
A:Oh,soy out ookanar tclass?
B:
Yeah, Ilovedt hatclass.
A:Iseethaty ou'reprett
ytalented.
B:
Thanky ouv erymuch.
A:IwishIhadat alentli
kethat.
B:
I'm sureyouhav egotat alenttoo,
it'
sjusthi
dden.
Uni
t7.

Lesson2.Goi
ngt
oresor
ts.Resor
tsi
nTur
kmeni
stan.
Conj
unct
ionsAl
though/t
hough/ev
en
t
hough

1.Li
stenandsayt
hewor
ds.

2.Readt
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.
ext
end /
ɪkˈ
st
end/

heal
i
ng /
ˈhi
ː
lɪŋ/

sl
i
my /
ˈsl
aɪmɪ
/
pr
oper
ty /
ˈpr
ɔpət
ɪ/

del
i
cat
e /
ˈdel
ɪkət
/
composi
ti
on /
ˌkɔmpəˈ
zɪ
ʃən/

r
ejuv
enat
e/r
ɪˈ
dʒuː
.
vəneɪ
t/

unev
enness ʌ
/nˈ
i
ːvənɪ
s/

oughness /
r ˈʌ
rfnəs/

appl
y /
əˈpl
aɪ/

3.Lear
nthewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.
ext
end t
oincr
easei
next
ent
,tocov
erar
eaorper
iodoft
ime.

heal
i
ng t
hepr
ocesswher
ethecel
l
sint
hebody
 r
egener
ateandr
epai
rthemsel
ves.

sl
imy resembl
i
ng,
oft
henat
ureof
,cov
eredor
daubedmucous.

pr
oper
ty pecul
i
ari
ty,
char
act
eri
sti
cqual
i
ty,
possessedby
.

del
i
cat
e gr
acef
ul,
anel
egantorcul
ti
vat
edt
ast
e.

composi
ti
on t
heactofput
ti
ngt
oget
her
.

r
ejuv
enat
etomakesomebodyorsomet
hingt
ofeel
orl
ooky
ounger
.

unev
enness t
hequal
i
tyorchar
act
eri
sti
csofbei
ngnotsmoot
h.

r
oughnesssomet
hingt
hati
srough.

4.Chooset
hewor
dwi
thcl
osemeani
ngf
ort
hewor
dinbol
dty
pe.
text
1.Thedeser endsf
ormi
l
esi
nal
ldi
rect
ions.
a)t
oimpar
t b)t
oend c)l
ongper
iodoft
ime

2.Roughnessofmyf
aceski
nki
l
lsmei
ncol
dweat
her
.
a)unev
enness b)smoot
h c)heal
thy

3.Theunev
ennessofhi
svoi
cebet
ray
edhi
sner
vousness.
a)j
erki
ness b)notodd c)qual
i
ty

4.Thef
rog’
sbodywasal
lsl
i
my.
a)cov
ered b)mucous c)spar
kli
ng

5.I
timpr
ovesy
ourbl
oodci
rcul
atonandr
i ejuv
enat
esy
ou.
a)moi
stur
izi
ng b)br
ight
eni
ng c)l
ooky
ounger
 6.Bandageshel
pcut
stoheal
.
a)r
ecov
er b)si
ck c)cur
e

7.Thecomposi
ti
onoft
woel
ement
sisbei
ngt
est
ednow.
a)mi
xtur
e b)separ
ate c)appl
yi
ng

8.Int
hechemist
ryl
abweusual
l
yst
udyt
hepr
oper
ti
esofachemi
cal
compound.
a)char
act
eri
sti
cqual
i
ties b)col
our c)wei
ght

9.Thosecl
othesar
emadeofdel
i
cat
elace.
a)l
oose b)damaged c)t
hin

5.Readt
het
extaboutt
he“
MOLLAGARA”heal
thr
esor
t.

Magi
cCl
ay
Ther esortislocat
ednearthetownofJebel ,
24kil
omet ersfrom thetownofBalkanabat
,the
Bal
kanwel ay at.TheLakeMollagarawithsalt
y
waterextendsf or105kil
ometers.

Theresor
tisknownfori
tsheal
ingmuds,ri
chi nheal
i
ngsaltsandmineral
water
.Despi
tethefactt
hatt
hesanator
ium i
sl ocat
edneartheCaspi
anSea,
t
heclimatet
herei
shotandshar
plycont
inent
al.Theheal
ingmudoftheresort
 hasauniqueeffect
ivenessinthelakelocat
ednearther
esor
t.Theheal
i
ng
mudofMol l
agaraisrichl
yblack,i
tbel
ongstothesli
mygroupofmudsand
hasuni
quehealngpr
i operti
es.
Duetothenaturaldel
icatestr
uct
ureandact i
vecompositi
onofthemi neral
clayhasabenef ici
alef f
ecton anyskint ype,helpsto smooth wrinkles,
rejuv
enatetheskin,enrichitwithmicr
oelementsandv it
amins,soothesout
unevennessandr oughness,tr
eatsacne.Volcani
cclayisauniver
salsol uti
on
forallpati
ents.Thepr ocedureforapplyi
ngamaski ssimpl
eandcanbe
preparedathome.

6.Sayt
rue(
T)orf
alse(
F).

1.
TheMol
l
agar
aResor
tisl
ocat
edneart
het
ownofJebel
.T F
2.ThemudofMol
l
agar
aisr
ichl
ybl
ue. T F
3.
Themuddoesn’
tbel
ongt
othesl
i
mygr
oupofmuds. T F
4.
Thecomposi
ti
onoft
hemi
ner
alcl
ayi
sact
ive. T F
5.
Thev
olcani
ccl
ayi
ssol
uti
onf
oral
lpat
ient
s T F
6.
Themaskcan’
tbepr
epar
edathome. T F

7.Wor
kwi
thapar
tner
.Askandanswert
hef
oll
owi
ngquest
ions.

1.
Namesomer
esor
tsi
nTur
kmeni
stan.
2.Doy
oul
i
kespendi
ngt
imei
nresor
ts?
3.
Hav
eyouev
erbeeni
nther
esor
tofTur
kmeni
stan?
4.
Canwebookr
esor
ts’
ticket
sonl
i
nei
nourcount
ry?
5.
Hav
eyouev
erbeeni
nanyr
esor
twi
thy
ourf
ami
l
y?
6.
Whatwoul
dbet
hei
deal
resor
tfory
ou?
7.
Hav
eyouev
erusedv
olcani
cmudofMol
l
agar
a?
8.
Doy
out
hinkv
olcani
cmudofMol
l
agar
aisusef
ul?
9.Whydoy
out
hinkr
esor
tsar
eusef
ul?
10. Ar
ether
eanyr
esor
tsi
nyourwel
ayat/
regi
on?
8. Pl
acest
oGoandSeei
nTur
kmeni
stan.
UNESCOWor
ldHer
it
ageSi
tesi
nTur
kmeni
stan
The Uni
ted Nat i
ons Educati
onal,Scienti
fi
c and Cult
uralOr ganizati
on
(UNESCO)Wor l
dHer it
ageSitesareplacesofimpor t
ancetocultur
alornat ural
heri
tageasdescri
bedi ntheUNESCOWor ldHerit
ageConvent
ion,establ
i
shedi n
1972.Bel
owisthelistandthetent
ati
velistofsi
tesinTur
kmenist
an.

9. Wher
ear
ethesel
i
stedpl
acesl
ocat
ed?

1.Kone-
Urgench,
2005.

2.Parthi
anFortr
essesof
Nisa,2007.

3.“
Anci
entMer
v”,
1999.

4.Dehi
stan,
1998.

5.BadhyzStat
eNatur
e
Reser
ve,2009.

6.Sünt-
HasardagNat
ure
Reserve,
2009.

7.Di
nosaursandCavesof
Koyt
endag,2009.

8.Repet
ekBiospher
eSt
ate
Reser
ve,
1927.

9.Amy dery
aNat ur
e
Reserve,2009.

10. HazarSt
ateNat
ure
Reser
ve,2009.

Weuseal t
hough,ev enthoughandthoughtointr
oducea
contr
asti
ngidea,andusual yonet
l hat
’sunexpect
edor
surpr
isi
ng.Theycanal l
beusedatt hebeginni
ngorinthe
middleofthesentence.
 Let
'sconsi
dert
hef
oll
owi
ngexampl
es:

Al
though:

 Alt
houghshej
oinedt
hecompanyay
earago,
shehasbeenpr
omot
ed
twi
ce.
 Al
thoughwesaweachot
herev
eryday
,wedi
dn'
treal
l
yknoweachot
her
.
Though:

 Thoughhedoesn'
tl
ikef
lyi
ng,
butheenj
oyedhi
str
ipt
oBr
it
ainl
asty
ear
.
 Wewai
tedagesf
orourf
ood.Thewai
terwasr
eal
l
yni
ce,
though.
Ev
ent
hough:

 Ev
ent
houghIwasonl
ysi
x,Icanst
il
lremembert
hest
ory
.
 Shedidn'
tgetthej
ob,
event
houghshehadal
lthenecessar
y
qual
i
ficat
ions.

10. Tr
ytoexpl
aint
hemeani
ngoft
hesent
ence.Focusont
hemeani
ngoft
he
conj
unct
ions.

1.Ienj
oyedt
hecour
se,
alt
houghIwoul
dhav
eli
kedmor
egr
ammarpr
act
ice.

2.Al
thoughwesaweachot
herev
eryday
,wedi
dn'
treal
l
yknoweachot
her
.

3.Ev
ent
houghshespokev
eryqui
etl
y,heunder
stoodev
erywor
d.

4.Shedi
dn'
tgett
hej
ob,
event
houghshehadal
lthenecessar
yqual
i
ficat
ions.

5.ThoughIwasn'
tkeenont
hef
il
m,It
houghtt
hemusi
cwasbeaut
if
ul.

11. Combi
net
hesent
encesaddi
ng“
though”or“
ev hough”
ent .

1.I
twasr
aini
ng.Wewentt
othebeach.
 Al
though/Ev
ent
houghi
twasr
aini
ng,
wewentt
othebeach.

2.Wewer
eti
red.Wecont
inuedwor
king.

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

3.I
twasget
ti
ngl
ate.Wedeci
dedt
ost
ayandt
alkal
i
ttl
elonger
.

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
___

4.Shehast
odr
ivet
went
ymi
nut
est
ogett
ohi
shouse.Shegav
ehi
m ar
ide
home,
whi
chwasv
eryni
ceofher
.

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

5.I
twasv
erycol
dout
.Wedeci
dedt
ogof
orawal
kint
hepar
k.

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

6.Shewasget
ti
ngi
mpat
ientandwant
edt
oleav
e.Hest
ayedatt
hecomput
er
f
oral
i
ttl
ewhi
l
elonger
.

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

7.Ther
oadswer
ereal
l
ybad,
andmanypeopl
edeci
dednott
odr
ivet
hatni
ght
.
Wewentt
othemar
ket
.

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

8.Thepr
icesar
eal
i
ttl
ehi
gheratt
hatsuper
mar
ket
.Wel
i
ket
ogoshoppi
ng
t
her
e.

9.Hei
sext
remel
yaf
rai
doft
rav
eli
ngbyai
rpl
ane.Wewer
eabl
etoconv
ince
hi
mtogowi
thus.

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
10. Theysai
dtheywer
eonadi
et.Theyhadchocol
atecakef
ordesser
t.

_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__

Uni
t7.
Lesson3.Resor
tsi
nGr
eatBr
it
ain.

Resor
tsi
ntheUSA.

1.Li
stenandsayt
hewor
ds.

2.Readt
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.

env
ironment
al [
ɪnv
aɪr
ənˈ
ment
əl]

accommodat
ion [
əkaməˈ
deɪ
ʃən]
 ent
ert
ainment [
ent
əˈ
teɪ
nmənt
]

wat
ersl
i
des [
ˈ
wɔː
t̬əˌ
sl
aɪd]

si
l
entdi
sco [
ˈ
saɪ
lənt
][ˈ
dɪskəʊ]

ai
med [
eɪmd]

3.Readt
hewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.

env
ironment
al sur
roundi
ngcondit
ionsandel
ement
swi
thwhi
cha
l
ivi
ngthi
ngint
eract
swi t
h.

accommodat
ion pl
acet
oli
ve,
wor
k,st
ay,
etc.

ent
ert
ainment shows,movi
es,
tel
evi
si
on,orotherper
for
mancesor
acti
vi
ti
est
hatent
ert
ainpeople.

wat
ersl
i
des sl
opi
ngstr
uct
ureforsl
i
dingdown,t
hatendsi
n
aswi
mmi ngpoolorar
eaofwater
.

si
l
entdi
sco wher
ey oul
ist
entomusi
conwi
rel
essheadphones
anddance.

ai
med ar
esul
tthatyourpl
ansoract
ionsar
eint
endedt
o
achiev
e.

4.Fi
l
lthebl
ankswi
tht
hewor
dsf
rom t
hebox.

Env
ironment
al,
aimed,
wat
ersl
i
des,
sil
ent
di
sco,
accommodat
ion,
ent
ert
ainment
 1._
___
___
___
___
___
___
__i
ssuesar
ebei
ngdi
scussedbyaspeci
alt
eam t
o
pr
otectt
henat
ure.
2.I
nther
esor
ts,
ther
ear
evar
iouski
ndsof_
___
___
___
___
___
__f
orchi
l
drenand
t
eenager
ssuchaspl
ayst
ati
onsorsi
l
entdi
sco,
tospendt
imewi
thf
un.
3.The_
___
___
___
___
___
__hasanout
doorpool
,sunt
err
ace,sunl
ounger
s,
pool
sidesnackbar
,gadget
sandpool
tabl
e.
4.Mekanhasr
eadabout
___
___
___
___
___andf
oundi
tver
yint
erest
ing.
5.Ot
ter
sar
epl
ayf
ulani
mal
sandappeart
oengagei
nvar
iousbehav
ior
sfor
sheerenj
oyment
,suchasmaki
ng_
___
___
___
___
___
_and t
hensl
i
ding on
t
hem i
ntot
hewat
er.
6.Thecour
sei
s__
___
___
___
__par
ti
cul
arl
yatpeopl
ewhoenj
oywal
ki
ngbut
l
ackt
heconf
idencet
ogoi
tal
one.

5.Readt
het
ext
.

UKhol
idayr
esor
ts.
Brit
ishpeopleli
ketogoonhol i
dayintheUK:inEngl
and,Nor
ther
nIrel
and,
Scot
landorWal es.TheEdenPr
ojectisanenvi
ronment
alproj
ecti
nCornwall
,in
t
hesouth-
westofEngl thashugedomest
and.I hatcontai
nthousandsofplant
s
f
rom al
lar
oundtheworl
d.Aswellaspl
ant
syoucanalsoseetopbandsplayat
t
heEdenProj
ect
.

Pi
ctur
esoft
heEdenPr
ojecti
nUK

Ahol idayresortprovidesaccommodat i
on,oodandent
f ert
ainmentforallt
he
family.Butlin’
sholidayresortsfi
rststart
edinthe1930sandt heyaresti
llpopular
today.Pricesar elow.Asev en-
dayJul ysummerholidayattheSkegnessBut l
i
n’s,
ont heeastcoasti nEngl and,costsabout130poundsperper son.There’
sa
massiv eindoorswi mmi ngcent r
ewi thawav epoolandwat ersli
desattheresor t
.
Butli
n’s‘silentdisco’wher ey oulistent omusiconwi r el
essheadphonesand
dancet oy ourfavouri
tet une(everyonedancest odiff
erentmusi c!)i
sabi ghi t
withteens.Ot heractivi
tesai
i medspeci f
ical
l
yatteenagers.

6.Wr
it
etr
ue(
T)orf
alse(
F).

1. Thesout hcoastisapopularplacetocamp. T F
2. Butl
in’
sholidayresort
sarenotexpensive. T F
3. Therearesummercampsf orteenager
sint heUK. T F
4. Si
lentdiscoisfamousi nBri
tai
namongt eenagers.T F
t
h
5. Butl
in’
sholidayresort
sfir
ststartedint
he18 cent ur
y. T F
6. Therearen’tmulti
plepl
antsintheEdenPr oject. T F

7.Readt
hepoem andsayhowt
heaut
hori
sinspi
redbyt
henat
ure.

TheWi
ldSwansatCool
e

Thet
ressar
eint
hei
raut
umnbeaut
y,

Thewoodl
andpat
hsar
edr
y,

Undert
heOct
obert
wil
i
ghtt
hewat
er

Mi
rr
orsast
il
lsky
;
 Upont
hebr
immi
ngwat
eramongt
hest
ones

Ar
eni
neandf
if
tyswans.

Ihav
elookedupont
hosebr
il
li
antcr
eat
ures,

Andnowmyhear
tissor
e.

Al
l
’schangedsi
nce,
Ihear
ingatt
wil
i
ght
,

Thef
ir
stt
imeont
hisshor
e,

Thebel
lbeatoft
hei
rwi
ngsabov
emyhead,

Tr
odwi
thal
i
ght
ert
read.

Butnowt
heydr
if
tont
hest
il
lwat
er,

My
ster
ious,
beaut
if
ul;

Amongwhatr
usheswi
l
ltheybui
l
d,

Bywhatl
ake’
sedgeorpool

Del
i
ghtmen’
sey
eswhenIawakesomeday

Tof
indt
heyar
efl
ownaway
?

ByWi
l
li
am But
lerYeat
s

8.Li
stenandr
eadt
hewor
ds.

9.Readt
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.
 i
coni
c /
aɪˈ
kɔnɪ
k/

t
err
ain /
təˈ
r
eɪn/

spect
acul
ar /
spekˈ
t
ækj
ələr
/

aut
hent
ic /
ɔːˈ
θent
ɪk/

gl
ade /
ɡleɪ
d/

gr
oomed /
ɡrʊmd/

chut
es /
ʃuː
t/

gour
met /
ˈɡɔː
meɪ
/

t
hri
vi
ng /
ˈθr
aɪv
ɪŋ/

ameni
ty /
əˈmi
:
nət
ɪ/

10.Lear
nthewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.

i
coni
c f
amousl
yanddisti
ncti
vel
yrepr
esent
ati
veofi
tst
ype,
r
epresent
ingsomethi
ngsymboli
c.

t
err
ain anar
eahav
ingar
ockorgr
oupofr
ocks.

spect
acul
ar amazi
ngorwor
thyofspeci
alnot
ice.

aut
hent
ic oft
hesameor
igi
nascl
aimed;
genui
ne.

gl
ade anopenpassagethr
oughawood;agr
assyopenor
cl
ear
ed spaceinaf
orest
.

gr
oomed hav
inganeatandcl
eanappear
ance;
wel
lcar
ed-
for
.

chut
e obj
ect
sar
emadet
osl
i
def
rom ahi
ghert
oal
owerl
evel
.

gour
met super
iorqual
i
tyoff
oodanddr
ink.

t
hri
vi
ng successf
ul;
flour
ishi
ngorpr
osper
ing.

ameni
ti
es somet
hingt
hatmakesapl
acepl
easantoreasyt
oli
vei
n.
11.Fi
l
lthebl
ankswi
tht
hewor
dsf
rom t
hebox.

i
coni
c,t
err
ain,
spect
acul
ar,
aut
hent
ic,
glade,
gr
oomed,
chut
e,gour
met
,thr
ivi
ng,
ameni
ti
es.

1.Thest
orycont
inuedt
oexi
stunl
essi
thadbeenaut
hent
icandgenui
ne.

2.Themi
dsummer
'sev
eni
ngwaswar
m asaf
ri
endl
ycr
owdofabout4,
000
gat
her
edi
nagl
adei
nthef
orest
.

3.Themenuspr
esent
edof
fer
edgour
metf
ood,
andt
hatwasj
ustt
hest
art
ers.

4.Tr
avel
i
ng agencyhas t
urned t
oimpr
oved ser
vice and a t
hri
vi
ng r
ent
al
busi
nesst
ohol
dit
smar
ketshar
e.

5.Hot
elst
hatof
ferf
reeameni
ti
essuchason-
sit
ebr
eakf
ast
,swi
mmi
ngpool
s,
andwat
erpar
kskeept
hef
ami
l
yent
ert
ained.

6.Wear
egoi
ngt
osl
i
deont
hewat
erf
all
,mayIt
akey
ourchut
e?

7.Ther
ear
eov
er140gr
oomedgr
eengar
densher
e.

8.Agoodpl
acet
otakeone'
sleav
efr
om Hawai
iist
henor
ther
nmosti
sl
andof
Kauai
andi
tsspect
acul
arHanal
eiBay
.

9.Thel
andt
err
aini
nCambodi
aismost
lymadeupofl
owl
ands,
flatpl
ains,
wit
h
mount
ainsi
ntheSout
hwestandnor
th.

10.Bur
mesepy
thons,oneoft
hewor
ld'
slar
gestsnakesandaf
avor
it
eoft
he
pett
rade,
areov
err
unni
ngt
hei
coni
cU.
S.par
k.

12.Readt
het
ext
.

USATodayranksTel
lur
ideSkiResor
tast
he#1ski
resor
tinNor
thAmeri
ca.
TheTel
l
uri
dear
eai hemosti
soneoft coni
c
mountain dest
inati
ons i
nt he worl
d.In Tell
uri
de you wil
lfind gr
eathi st
ory
,
l
egendaryt err
ain,a colorf
ult own,and spectacul
ar scenery
.Thr ough the
hi
stori
calera,andt hear r
ivaloftheskiindustr
y,Tell
uri
de’srichhistor
yhas
shapedtheauthenti
cmount ainchar
act
erofthetownweknowt oday.
Tell
uri
de Ski Resor t boast s 2,000
skiableacresof feri
ngwi debegi nnerr uns,
gladed treeskiing,mul t
ipleterrainpar ks,
play ulgr
f oomedbl ues, openbowl s,steeps,
chut es,and some oft he mostf amous
terraininColorado.Nomat tery ourabi l
ity, the
variety of ter
rainf ound in Tel luri
de i s
equal edonlybythespect acular360- degr ee
viewsoft hesur r
oundi ngSanJuanMount ai
ns.Tellur
idei
sknownforyear-
round
festival
scelebrati
ngmusi c,art,andcul ture.BoththetownandMountainVill
age
arehomet otop-ratedgour metr estaurants,shops,andthr
ivi
ngentert
ainment
venues.
Tell
uri
de’saward-
wini
ngaccommodationsof
fert
hehi
ghestl
evelofser
vice,
pr
emierskiaccess,
andluxur
iousameni
ti
es.

13.Chooset
rue(
T)orf
alse(
F).

1.TheTel
l
uri
dear
eai
sn’
toneoft
hemosti
coni
cmount
ain. T F

2.Tel
l
uri
de’
sri
chhi
stor
yhasshapedt
heaut
hent
icmount
ains.T F

3.2,
000ski
abl
eacr
esdoesn’
tof
fer
ingwi
debegi
nnerr
uns. T F

4.Tel
l
uri
dei
sequal
ed360-
degr
eev
iewsoft
hesur
roundi
ng

SanJuanMount
ains. T F

5.Tel
l
uri
de’
saccommodat
ionsdoesn’
tof
ferl
uxur
ious T F

ameni
ti
es.

14.Compl
etet
hesent
encesusi
ngt
het
ext
.

1.Tel
l
uri
dehasgot_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_scener
y.
15.Answert
hequest
ions.

1.Wher
eist
heTel
l
uri
del
ocat
ed?

2.WhatmakesTel
l
uri
der
ich?

3.Howmanyski
abl
eacr
esof
fer
ingwi
debegi
nnerr
uns?

4.Ar
etheanypar
ksi
nTel
l
uri
deSki
resor
t?

5.WhatTel
l
uri
dei
sfamousf
or?
Uni
t7.
Lesson4.Wr
it
ingper
sonal
let
ter
.
Pr
ojectwor
k.

1.Lear
nthei
dioms.

I
dioms
ToGetItchyFeet
Meaning:tol
iket
otrav
el.
Example:
Sam neverst
aysinonepl
acef orl
ong;
hehasi
tchy
feet
.
Upt
o(one'
s)ears
Meaning:ext
remel
ybusywit
hsomet hi
ng.
Example:
Ther
e'snowayIcantakeavacat
ionnow,I'
m upt
o
 2.Howt
owr
it
eper
sonall
ett
ert
oyourf
ri
end.

Answer
ingt
oaf
ri
end
Youar
erepl
yi
ngf
oryourf
ri
end’
slet
ter
,whi
chheorshehav
ewr
it
tent
oyou
t
oaskwhatwasupt
oyou.
Youplant
odosometrav
eli
nginafewmonths.Youwoul
dliketovi
si
tan
oldf
riendwhol
i
vesi
nanot
hercount
ry.Youhav
en'
tspokent
othisfri
endi
nafew
year
s.

Wr
it
eal
ett
ert
oyourf
ri
end,
iny
ourl
ett
er:

*Prov
ideashortupdateaboutyourl
i
fe.
*Expl
ainwhyyouwillbetr
aveli
ngandwithwhom.
*Askwhyyourfri
endalsowantstotrav
elthatpl
acet
oo.

3.Readt
heper
sonal
let
terbel
ow.
Tur
kmeni
stan
Ashgabat
11Apr
il
,2022
DearAmangozel
,
Thanky
ouf ory
ourlet
ter
.Itwasl
ovel
ytohearf
rom y
ouagai
n.Ihav
en’
twr
it
tenso
l
ongbecauseIhavebeenuptomyearsinexams.
Youaskedmeaboutmyat ti
tudetotr
av el
l
ing.Well,ouknow goti
y t
chyfeetandI
l
iket
otravelbyplanebecauseiti
sveryfast.Iam notaf
rai
doffl
yingbecauseour
modernair
craft
sar ever
ysafe.Ihavetravel
ledbyplanealotwhenIwentt othe
Awazatravel
withmyf amil
yandwantt odoi tagai
n.
Youtoldmethatyourpar
ent
splant
ogotoAwazasummert
oo.Whichhot
elor
resor
tarey
ougoingtobookt
her
e?Havet
heyev
erbeent
oAwazabef
ore?
Well
,Ihavetogonow.Ipromisedmymum tocl
eanmyr
oom andhel
pwhenshe
cooks.I
’
ml ooki
ngf
orwardtoheari
ngf
rom y
ousoon.
Al
lthebest
,
Mer
jen

4.
Wri
teapersonallett
ertoyourf
ri
endwhol
i
vesf
araway
.St
art
ingy
ourl
ett
er
:
Thanksforyourlet
ter
.
Lovel
ytohearfrom you.
Howar eyou?
Howar ethi
ngs?
Hopeyou’rewell.

5.
Comment
ingonsomet
hingi
naper
sonal
let
ter
:

I
’m sorrytohear/l
earn…
I
’m sopl easedtohear…
I
t’
sgr eattohear…
Whatwonder f
ulnewsabout…

6.Movingt hetopicon:
Anyway ,
thereasonI’
m writ
ing…
It
houghtI ’
dwr i
tetot
ell
/askyou
Anyway ,
Iwaswonder i
ng…
7.
Endi
ngy ourl et
ter:
Well,that’
sallfornow.
Writ
ebacksoon.
Lookingf orwardtoheari
ngfrom y
ouagai
n.
All
thebest .
Bestwi shes.
Seey ousoon.
Takecar e.
Yours…
Love…
Lotsofl ove…

7.Wr
it
eaper
sonal
let
tert
oyourr
elat
ive.

Addr
ess:
Dat
e:
8.Readt
hestor
iesaboutt
heTur
kmenr
esor
tsandt
ryt
ouset
hemat
eri
al
i
nproj
ectwor
k.

a).Summerv acationsar et he
i
dealt i
met orelaxwi t
hf ami lyand
fr
iends.Iwouldlovet oinv it
ey out o
spendingfew daysoft hesummer
vacati
oni ntheOguzkenthot elin
Ashgabat.Asthev enuei scl oset o
myhouse, weneednotwor ryabout
tr
ansport.The hot elof fers pool,
tenni
scourt
s,beaut
ysalonser v
ices,andaf amousr est aurantwi tha
panorami
cview onthetopf l
ooroft hehot el. Duri
ngv acation,weal l
enjoy
edther
elaxi
ngatmospher
eoft hehot el
.
 b).My hear tf i
ll
ed wi t
hj oy and
excitementwhenwecamet oMol l
agara r
esor
t.
West ayedat“Mol l
agara”togetsome
treatment.As ev erybody knows t hi
s place
i
suni quetogettreatmentandr el
axat the
samet ime.Thepl acehasal soshops and
thri
v i
ng entert
ainment v enues. My
parent sandrel
ati
vesadmi rethi
spl ace so
much,so we go t here each yeari n
summerhol i
days.Ihope,y ouwi l
lenjoy t
he
place.

9. Proj
ectwor
k.Geti
ntogroupsandinvi
tethecl
asstovi
sitar
esor
tyou
l
ikebest
.Comeoutwithyourpresent
ati
onsandshar
eitwit
hthecl
ass.
Usethewor
dsandphrasesbelow.

1. Ther
esor
tisl
ocat
edneart
own….
2. Sanat
ori
um i
slocat
edneart
he…
3. I
text
endsf
or….ki
l
omet
ers.
4. Theweat
heri
snothotandcont
inent
al.
5. Ahol i
dayresor
t’
spr
ovi
desaccommodat
ion,f
oodandent
ert
ainment
foral
lfami
ly.
6. Act
ivi
ti
esai
medspeci
all
yatt
eenager
s…
7. The…ar
eai
soneoft
hemosti
coni
cmount
aindest
inat
ionsi
nthe
wor
ld.
8. I
n…( nameoftheplace)…youwillf
indgr
eathi
stor
y,l
egendar
yter
rai
n,
acol
orf
ultownandspectacul
arscenery
.
9. Boththetownandmount
aingour
metr
est
aur
ant
s,shopsandt
hri
vi
ng
ent
ert
ainmentvenues.
10.Thi
sresor
t’
saccommodat
ionsof
fert
hehi
ghestl
evel
ofser
vice…
UNI
T8.
MYFUTUREANDME

Lesson1.TheWor
ldofWor
k.
Qual
i
ficat
ionsandExper
iences.

1.Li
stenandsaynamesoft
hepr
ofessi
ons.

a)
.Li
feguar
d

c)
.Teacher
f
).
Actor
/
act
ress

g)
.Aut
hor
Thewor
ldof
b)
.Factor
y WORK
worker

d)
.Dent
ist
h)
.Shop
assist
ant

i
)Sci
ent
ist

e)Busdr
iver
. j
)Mechani
c

2.Readt
hedef
ini
ti
onsandwr
it
ethej
obnamesf
rom t
heexer
cise.

1.
Aper
sont
hatr
epai
rsmachi
nes,
especi
all
ycarmot
ors. _
___
___
___
___

2.
Aper
sont
hatact
sinapl
ayormov
ie. _
___
___
___
__

3.
Aper
sont
hatwor
ksi
naf
act
ory
. _
___
___
___
__
4.
Aper
sont
hatpassesknowl
edget
ost
udent
s. _
___
___
___
__

5.
Aper
sont
hatsav
esl
i
veswher
epeopl
eswi
m
(
atabeachorswi
mmi
ngpool
). _
___
___
___
___

6.
Theycanf
ixpr
obl
emsy
ouhav
ewi
thy
ourt
eet
h _
___
___
___
___

7.
Aper
sont
hatwor
ksi
nashoporst
oresel
l
ingpr
oduct
s._
___
___
___
___

8.
Aper
sont
hatdr
ivesbuses. _
___
___
___
___

9.
Theywr
it
ebooksornov
els. _
___
___
___
___

10. Theywor
kint
hesci
encei
ndust
ry.Theydomany
exper
iment
s._
___
___
_

3.Li
stenandr
eadt
hewor
ds.

4.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.

1.Pr
ior _
___
___
_ a)
./pəˈ
zɪ
ʃ.ən/
2.Requi
re_
___
___
_ b)
./ˌ
f
ɜːst
ˈ
hænd/
3.Rel
evant _
___
___
_ c)
./ˈ
r
el.
ə.v
ənt
/
4.Posi
ti
on_
___
___
_ d)
./pr
aɪər
/
5.Fi
rst
hand _
___
___
_ e)
./ˈ
l
aɪ.
sən.
ʃər
/
6.Li
censur
e _
___
___
_ f
)./
rɪˈ
kwaɪ
ər/

5.Lear
nthewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.
pr
ior -pr
evi
ous,
bef
orehand,
anear
li
ert
ime.
 r
equi
re -t
odemand,
toi
nsi
stupon,
tocal
lforaut
hor
it
ati
vel
y.

r
elev
ant -di
rect
lyr
elat
ed,
connect
ed,
orper
ti
nentt
oat
opi
c.

posi
ti
on -ast
atusorr
ank.

f
ir
sthand -di
rect
ly,
fir
stl
y.

l
i
censur
e -al
egal
documentgi
vi
ngof
fi
ci
alper
missi
ont
odosomet
hing.

6.Readandl
ear
nthepr
over
bs.
Abadwor
kmanal
way
sbl
ameshi
stool
s.
Meani
ng:Bl
ami
ngt
het
ool
sforbadwor
kmanshi
pisanexcusef
orl
ackofski
l
l.

Acal
m seadoesnotmakeaski
l
ledsai
l
or.
Meani
ng:Aper
sonshowst
hei
rcompet
enceorabi
l
itywhendi
ff
icul
ti
esar
ise.

Amani
sknownbyt
hecompanyhekeeps.
Meani
ng:Thet
ypeofpeopl
ewi
thwhom t
heyspendt
hei
rti
mej
udgesa
per
son’
s

char
act
er.

7.Readt
het
ext
.

Ex
per
ienc
evs
.Qual
i
fi
cat
ions

Empl oy
ers often expect
candi dates to hav e some pr i
or
traini
ng or wor k historyin t hei
r
i
ndust r
y.Some i ndustres r
i equir
ea
pot enti
alempl oyeetohav eyearsof
relevantexperienceorconnecti
onsi n t
he
area, wher eas ot hers need a
 candi
dat
ewi
thacer
tai
nlev
elofeducat
ionorcer
ti
fi
cat
ion.

Whati
sexper
ience?

Experiencei
sthewor kyouhav ecompletedt hathelpedy oulear nand
pract i
cet heskil
lsandknowl edgey ouhavei ny ourf i
eld.Wheny out el
l
empl oy ersaboutyourexperience,y ouli
stprojectsyouhav ecompl etedor
posi t
ionsy ouworkedi npreviously.Youmighti ncl
udeper sonalproject sor
i
nt ernshipsasexper i
enceaswel lbecausebot hshowempl oy
er syouhav e
real-wor l
dexperi
enceiny ourpr ofessi
on.Thecandi dateli
kelyhasahi st
ory
ofwor kinginposit
ionsthathel pedt hem l
earnaboutmar ket
ingfirsthand,
along wi t
hhow t o communi catewi t
hcustomer sand pr ovidetar geted
adv erti
sing.

Whatar
eQual
i
ficat
ions?

Quali
ficationsincl
udet hetrai
ningoreducationaposit
ioni
ny ourfi
eld.
Many f i
elds r equir
ei n-dept
h knowl edge oft echnol
ogy,mathematics,
hist
oryorsci ence.Commonexampl esofqualifi
cati
onsareauni ver
sity
degree,cer t
ifi
caton,l
i i
censure orhighschooldi pl
oma.Employersmay
expectcandi datest ohav eacer t
ainlevelofeducati
onoranothertypeof
quali
fi
cati
onbef oretheyapplyforaposition.

8.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Whyi
t’
sexpect
edcandi
dat
est
ohav
epr
iort
rai
ning?

2.Whati
sexper
ience?

3.I
sitpossi
blet
oincl
udeper
sonal
proj
ect
sasexper
ience?

4.Whatdoqual
i
ficat
ionsi
ncl
ude?

5.Whyempl
oyer
sexpectcandi
dat
est
ohav
ecer
tai
nlev
elofeducat
ion?

9.Sayt
rue(
T)orf
alse(
F).

1.Empl
oyer
sof
tenexpectcandi
dat
eswi
thexper
ience. T/F
2.Exper
iencei
sthewor
kyouhav
en’
tcompl
eted T/F
3.Qual
i
ficat
ionsi
ncl
udeaposi
ti
oni
nyourf
iel
d. T/F
4.Li
censur
eisdocumentofexper
ience. T/F
5.Exper
iencei
ncl
udesi
tsel
fwor
kyouhav
ecompl
eted. T/F

Wor
dPower
.Per
sonal
i
tyt
rai
ts.

10.Aret
heseadject
ivesposi
ti
veornegat
ive?Wri
teP(posit
ive)orN(negat
ive)
nextt
oeachword.Doy ouknowanypeopl
ewi t
hthesepersonali
tyt
rai
ts?

bad-t ed…N
emper har
dwor
king…

cr
eat
ive… i
mpat
ient…
badt
emper
ed

cr
it
ical
… l
evel
–headed…

di
sor
gani
zed… moody…

ef
fi
cient… punct
ual
…
f
orget
ful
f
orget
ful
… r
eli
abl
e…

gener
ous… st
ri
ct…

11.Readconv
ersat
ionandpr
act
ice.

Dowl
et:Idon’
tknowwhatcl
assest
otaket
hissemest
er.Ican’
tdeci
dewhatI
wantt
odoi
nfut
ure.Hav
eyout
houghtabouti
t,Bat
yr?
Bat
yr: Yes,
Ihav
e,It
hinkI
’
dmakeagoodj
our
nal
i
stbecauseIl
ovewr
it
ing.
Dowl
et:Icoul
dbeagoodt
eacherbecauseI
’
mver
ycr
eat
ive.AndIl
i
ke
wor
kingwi
thki
ds.
 Bat
yr: Oh,
Iwoul
dn’
twantt
obeat
eacher
.I’
mtooi
mpat
ient
.
Dowl
et:Iknowonet
hingIcoul
dnev
erdo.
Bat
yr: What
’st
hat
?
Dowl
et:Icoul
dnev
erbeast
ockbr
okerbecauseI
’
m notgoodatmaki
ng
deci
sionsqui
ckl
y.
12.Writ
eeitheraboutajobyouwouldbegoodatoraj
obt
haty
oucoul
d
nev
erdo.Gi
veatleastt
hreer
easonsf
oryourchoi
ce.

It
hinkI
’
dmakeagoodf
li
ghtat
tendant

becauseI
’
m av
eryf
ri
endl
yper
sonandI

enj
oymeet
ingpeopl
e.Al
so,
Ilov
etot
rav
el…

UNI
T8.
MYFUTUREANDME

Lesson2.Communi
cat
iveSki
l
ls.
Wor
kingi
naGr
oup.

1.
List
enandsay
.

2.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.
 1.ef
fi
cient _
___
___
_ a)
./skeʧ/
2.ext
remel
y _
___
___
_ b)
./ˈ
efət
s/
3.ef
for
ts _
___
___
_ c)
./ˈ
beɪ
sɪs/
4.i
nvol
ve _
___
___
_ d)
./ɪ
ntər
ˈ
ækʃ
(ə)
n/
5.obser
ving _
___
___
_ e)
./əbˈ
zɜː
vɪŋ/
6.i
nter
act
ion _
___
___
_ f
)./
ɪnˈ
vɔl
v/
7.basi
s _
___
___
_ g)
./ɪ
ksˈ
t
riː
mlɪ
/
8.sket
ch _
___
___
_ h)
./ɪ
ˈ
fɪʃ
(ə)
nt/

3.Lear
nthewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.

1.ef
fi
cient -car
eful
useofr
esour
ces,
impor
tant
.
2.ext
remel
y -ext
remedegr
ee.
3.ef
for
ts -t
hewor
kinv
olv
edi
nanact
ivi
ty.
4.i
nvol
ve -i
ncl
ude,
tohav
easar
elat
edpar
t.
5.obser
ving -t
ofol
l
ow.
6.i
nter
act
ions -conv
ersat
ionorexchange.
7.basi
s -f
oundat
ion.
8.sket
ch -t
omakeabr
iefbasi
cdr
awi
ng.
4.Readt
het
ext
.

Whatare
Communicat
ion
Ski
l
ls?

Communi cationskill
sar eabili
tiesy ouusewhengi vi
ng and receiving
dif
ferentkindsofi nformation.Whil
et heseski ll
smaybear egul
arpar tofy our
day-to-dayworkl if
e,communi cat
inginacl ear,eff
ecti
veandef fi
cientwayi san
extr
emel yspecialandusefulskil
l.Lear ni
ngf rom greatcommuni catorsaround
youandact i
velypracti
cingway st
oi mpr ovey ourcommuni cati
onsov erti
mewi l
l
cert
ai nl
ysuppor tyoureffortstoachi evev ari
ousper sonalandpr ofessional
goals.

Communication skils i
l nvol
ve listeni ng, obser
ng, speaki vi
ng and
empathi
zi
ng.Iti s also hel
pfulto understand the dif
fer
ences in how to
communicat
et hrough face-t
o-ace i
f nt
eractions,phone conversat
ions and
di
git
alcommunications,
li
keemailandsocialmedi a.

Ty
pesofCommuni
cat
ion

Therearefour mai
nty
pesofcommuni
cat
iony
oumi ybasi
ghtuseondai
l s,
i
ncludi
ng:

1.Ver
bal
:Communi
cat
ingbywayofaspokenl
anguage.
2.Nonv
erbal
:Communi
cat
ingbyt
hewayofbodyl
anguage,f
aci
alexpr
essi
ons
andvoi
ce.
3.Wri
tt
en:Communi
cat
ing by t
he way ofwr
it
ten l
anguage,sy
mbol
s and
number
s.
4.Visual:Communi
cati
onbyt
hewayofphot
ogr
aphy
,ar
tdr ngs,sket
awi ches,
chartsandgr
aphs.

5.Answert
hequest
ions.
1.Whencommuni
cat
ionabi
l
iti
esar
eused?

2.Whatdoest
hewor
d‘ef
fi
cient
’meani
nthet
ext
?

3.Namet
hreecommuni
cat
iveski
l
lsy
ouknow?

4.Whatt
hemaj
orcommuni
cat
ivet
ypes?

5.Whendopeopl
eusev
isual
communi
cat
ionski
l
ls?

6.Sayt
rueorf
alse.

1.Communi
cat
ionski
l
lsusedonl
yforgi
vi
ngadv
ices. T/
F

2.Communi
cat
ionski
l
lsi
nvol
vel
i
steni
ng,
speaki
ng,
obser
vingT/
F

andempat
hizi
ngabi
l
iti
es.

3.Nonv
erbal
communi
cat
ioni
sdonebyt
hewayoff
aci
alexpr
essi
on.T/
F

4.Accor
dingt
othet
extt
her
ear
e4t
ypesofcommuni
cat
ion. T/
F

5.Vi
sual
communi
cat
ioni
nvol
vesonl
ycommuni
cat
ionbyt
hewayof
phot
ogr
aphy
. T/
F

Jobpr
ofi
l
espeaki
ng.
7.Groupwork.Whatarey
ourski
l
lsandj
obpr
efer
ences?Taket
urnsaski
ng
quest
ionsl
iket
hese.

Ar
eyougoodat… Doy
ou…
communi
cat
ingwi
thpeopl
e? hav
eanyspeci
alski
l
ls?

r
emember
ingnames? hav
eanyexper
iences?

sol
vi
ngpr
obl
ems? haveanyspeci
alcer
ti
fi
cat
es
ordipl
oma?
maki
ngdeci
sionsqui
ckl
y?
speakanyf
orei
gn
meet
ingdeadl
i
nes?
l
anguages?

Doy
oul
i
ke…
t
rav
ell
i
ng?

communi
cat
ing?

wor
kingev
eni
ngs?

8.Readt
heconv
ersat
ionandpr
act
ice.
A:
Arey
ougoodatcommuni
cat
ingwi
thpeopl
e,Juma?

B:
Oh,
sur
e.Ienj
oyt
alki
ngpeopl
e.Howabouty
ou,
Sul
gun?

A:
Oh,
Idon’
t.I
’
m al
i
ttl
eshy
.Whatabouty
ou,
Mer
gen?

A:
…

9.Li
stenandsay
.
 10.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.
1.cl
ari
fyi
ng _
___
___ a)
./ˈ
dedl
aɪn/

2.i
nter
per
sonal _
___
___ b)
./ˈ
æləʊkeɪ
t/

3.assessment _
___
___ c)
./ɪ
ntəˈ
pɜː
sənəl
/

4.al
l
ocat
e _
___
___ d)
./əˈ
sesmənt
/

5.deadl
i
ne _
___
___ e)
./ˈ
kl
ærɪ
faɪ
ɪŋ/

11.Lear
nthewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.
1.cl
ari
fyi
ng -t
heactpr
ocessofmaki
ngcl
ear
.

2.i
nter
per
sonal -cooper
ati
on.

3.assessment -amountorev
aluat
ion.

4.al
l
ocat
e -di
str
ibut
eaccor
dingt
oapl
an.

5.deadl
i
ne -at
imel
i
miti
nthef
orm ofadat
ebef
oresomet
hing

mustbecompl
eted.

12.Readt
het
ext
.

Wor
kinGr
oups
Twoheadscanbebet t
erthanone!Shar ngandcl
i ar
if
yingideasinpairsor
smal
lgroups bothi ncreases yourinter
esti nyourstudies and enhances
i
mport
antcri
ti
calt
hinkingandinterper
sonalski
ll
s.

Yourpeer
scanalsoprovi
deasuppor
ti
ve,
non-
thr
eat
ingenv
ironmentf
ory
ou
t
otr
youtnewskil
lsorideas.

Beingabl
etoworkef
fect
ivelyingr
oups,i
snotonl
yrequir
edforassessment
al
i
fet
imeskil
lfortheworkf
or ce,par
ti
cul
arl
yyourprofessi
onaldeal
ingswith
col
l
eaguesandcl
i
ent
s.

Get
ti
ngst
art
ed

Thingstodo:
Checkwi thyourtutoraboutwhaty ourgroupwi l
lbe
assessedon.
Exchangecont actdet ai
l
s: phonenumber sandemai l
addresses.
Makesur eyoushar eacommonunder st
andingofthe
task.
Analyzethequestionort asktogetheranddiscuss
your
understandingofit
.
All
ocateroleswithinthegr oup:Beverycl
earabout
whois
doingwhat ,andsetdeadlinesf orcomplet
ion.

13.Answert
hequest
ions.

1.Expl
aint
hephr
ase“
Twoheadscanbebet
tert
hanone”
!

2.Whatdoest
hecl
ari
fyi
ngmeanaccor
dingt
othet
ext
?

3.Hav
eyouev
erwor
kedi
nthegr
oupandhow,
whi
chski
l
lshav
eyouused?

4.Doy
ouhav
etodol
i
sti
fyoust
artt
odosomet
hing?

5.I
siti
mpor
tantt
ohav
ecommonunder
standi
ngoft
het
ask?
 14.Doy
ouagr
ee?

1.Twoheadscanbebet
tert
hanone!

2.I
t’
sgoodt
osetdeadl
i
nesf
orcompl
eti
onoft
hewor
k.

3.I
t’
snoti
mpor
tantt
oanal
yzet
hequest
ionsandt
asksbef
orey
oust
art
.

UNI
T8.
MYFUTUREANDME

Lesson3. APr
ofessi
onal
orPr
ofessi
onal
i
sm.
Fol
l
owone’
sexampl
es.Ti
meexpr
essi
ons.
Li
keandas.

1.Li
stenandsay
.

2.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.

1.or
char
d _
___
___
_ a)
.pəˈ
sepʃ
n/
2.gl
ori
fi
ed _
___
___
_ b)
./ˈ
esəns/
3.f
est
ive _
___
___
_ c)
./ˈ
æŋkʃ
əs/
4.f
east _
___
___
_ d)
./ˈ
f
est
ɪv/
 5.anxi
ous _
___
___
_ e)
./ˈ
epɪ
θet
/
6.epi
thet _
___
___
_ f
)./
fiː
st/
7.per
cept
ion _
___
___
_ g)
./ˈ
ɔː
ʧəd/
/
8.essence _
___
___
_ h)
./ˈ
gl
ɔː
rɪ
faɪ
d//

3.Lear
nthewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.

1.
orchar
d -anar
eaofl
andwher
efr
uitt
reesar
egr
own.

2.
glor
if
y -t
omakesomeonesomet
hingseem mor
eexcel
l
ent
.

3.
fest
ive -happy
,becausepeopl
ear
eenj
oyi
ngt
hemsel
vescel
ebr
ati
ng
st
h.

4.
feast -banquet
,spr
eadmeal
,hol
i
day
.

5.
anxi
ous -eagert
odosomet
hing.

6.
epi
thet -descr
ipt
ivephr
ase,
adj
ect
ive.

7.
per
cept
ion-opi
nions,
bel
i
efsandpoi
ntsofv
iew.

8.
essence-t
obet
hemosti
mpor
tantt
hing.

4.Readt
het
ext
.

APr
of onalorPr
essi ofessi
onal
ism

Tur
kmeni
stani
stheor
char
dofYzzatGl
ychew
He ist he man,t he arti
st,who has
glori
fi
edhi smot herl
andal loverthewor l
d.
Hispaintingswher eonecoul dseeav ery
colorf
ul,br ight and f esti
ve country–
Turkmenistan.Hesay s:“Turkmeni
stani s
themot herlandofmyher oi
cpeople”
 Hispainti
ng“Turkmenist
an–Or chardi sBlossom”maybecal l
edcardofour
countr
y.Ar t
ist
icli
fe ofYzzatGl yj
ow f ocuses on weekdays as oftheyar e
fest
ivi
ti
es.Thisisquitenoticeabl
eint hepai nt
ings:“Tomor
row isFeast”,“To
wedding”and“ToFestivi
ty”
.YzzatGlyj
ow’ sbrushturnsthepr
ofessi
onalprocess
i
ntoasacr edmagicart.

I
nt hepicturewher ewomengat her
ingtoknead
doughf orbr ead–baki ngtobeser vedonf east
dast
ar han(tablecl
oth).Heshowsinthatpainti
ng,
tr
aditi
onall
ybr eadisnotcutwi t
hkni fe:onehas
tobreakitintopiecesbyhand–t hatisoneoft he
anxi
ousat t
itudesshowi nghow highlybreadi s
val
uedi nourTur kmenl and.

The por t
rait“
Mot her
”,“My mother and I ”
consi
deredofhisloveawomanpersonif
yingthe
Mother,whichr
evealsbot
hhi
sowny ear
ningfor
hi
smot herwhopassedawayi
nhisearlyage,and
hi
sadmi
rat
ionofwomen,
mot
herhood.

Ifwelookatthepainti
ng“ Aut
umnSong”( 1972)wecandescribet
hear twork
ofYzzatGl
yjowinmusicalepithet
stoo.Red,yel
lowandbluearethemai ncolors
sper
ofhi cepti
onofli
fet heexpressi
onoft heessenceofreal
i
ty.Theprofession
ofl
if
eofthearti
stist
hepr ofessi
onal
ism ofbl
ossoming-ar
tofTurkmenistan.

5.Sayt
rueorf
alse.
1.YzzatGl
yj
owgl
ori
fi
edourcount
ry’
swor
ldoft
hear
t. T/
F

2.“
Tur
kmeni
stan–Or
char
disBl
ossom”hi
sfi
rstpai
nti
ng. T/
F

3.Thepai
nti
ng“
Mymot
herandI
”consi
der
edhi
smot
herandhi
msel
f.
T/
F

4.Ar
twor
kofYzzatGl
yj
ownev
erment
ionsmusi
cal
epi
thet
s. T/
F

5.Red,
yel
l
owandbl
uear
enott
hemai
ncol
orsofhi
sper
cept
ionhi
spai
nti
ngs.
T/
F

6.Ti
meExpr
essi
ons
 Past Pr
esent Fut
ure
I
nthepast Nowaday
s Nextmont
h,y
ear
,

Al
ongt
imesago Theseday
s I
nanhour

Thedaybef
ore Ri
ghtnow Soon

Yest
erday Aswespeak Wayoffi
nthe
f
utur
e
Recent
ly Today
Thedayaf ter
Al
i
ttl
ewhi
l
eago Thisweek,
mont
h,
tomorrow
year
Anhourago
Eventuall
y
Atthemoment
Thi
smor
ning
Tomor row
Now
Oneweekago
Nextweek
Atthi
sti
me
Lastweek,
mot
h,
I
nt henearf ut
ure
year
I
nthef
utur
e

7.Under
li
net
imeexpr
essi
ons.
1.Theydi
dn’tsl eepwel llastnightbecauseofnoi se.
2.Wemetagai nt henextday .
3.Theywil
lstudyt hatt omor row.
4.Don’
tworryAman, Theywi llcomei nanhour .
5.Maybeit’
i
l taket ool ong, buty ouwillev
entuall
ymakeit.
6.Theywil
lbuynewnextmont h.
7.Wil
lmyf r
iendf inishmywor ktoday?
8.Thi
syear,ev erythingwi l
lbev erynice.
9.Soonwe’l
l startwor kingwi thyou.
10. Ineedy out oanswermer ightnow.Whydi dyoudothat
?
11. Wewentt oBal kanlasty earonholiday.Wehadav er
ynicehol
i
day
.
12. I’
vealr eadyseent hi
smov ie.

Li
keandas
8.Wecanuseasi
nmanydi
ff
erentway
:
 1.t
odescr
ibesomebodyorsomet
hing’
sjoborf
unct
ion:
Shewor
ksasanur
se.Youcanuset
hatboxasachai
r.
2.t
ocompar
epeopl
eort
hings:
She’
sast
allasmenow.
3.t
otal
kabouthowsomet
hingappear
s,sounds,
feel
s,et
c.:
I
tlooksasi
fit
’sgoi
ngt
osnow.
4.t
ogi
vear
eason:
Asi
twasr
aini
ng,
wedi
dn’
tgoout
.
5.t
osayt
hatsomet
hinghappenedwhi
l
esomet
hingel
sewashappeni
ng:
Ast
heywer
eleav
ingt
hepost
manar
ri
ved.
dehowasi
9.Deci susedi
neachsent
enceandmat
cht
hem t
ouses1-
5abov
e.

A Ididn’
tthi
nkhisper
for
mancei
nthi
sser
ieswasasgoodasi
n
thelastone.

B Thatpi
ctur
elooksasi
fithasbeenpai
ntedbyachi
l
d.

C Youcanuset
hatgl
assasav
asef
ort
hef
lower
s.

D Igott
otheai
rpor
treal
l
yqui
ckl
yast
her
ewashar
dlyanyt
raf
fi
c.

E Ashewasdr
ivi
nghomei
tst
art
edt
orai
n.

F Yousoundasi
fyouhav
eabadcol
d.

G Hi
shai
rwentgr
eyerashegotol
der
.

H Hegotaj
obwi
tht
heBBCasapr
ogr
ammer
esear
cher
.
10. Wecanusel
i
kei
nmanydi
ff
erentway
:

1.Ver
b
findagreeabl
e,enj
oyabl
e.
Al
lhiscl
assmatesli
kedhim.

 usedasapoliteformula.
Wewoul dli
ket oapologi
zef ort
hel
ater
unni
ngoft
hisser
vice.
 choosetohave(somet hi
ng);prefer
.
Howdoy oulikeyourcoffee?

2. pr
eposi
ti
on
 havi
ngt hesamechar act
er ist
icsorqual
it
iesas;si
milarto.
Heusedt ohaveacarlikemi ne.
 usedtodr awattent
iontot henat ur
eofanactionorevent.
Iapologizeforcomingov erunannouncedlikethi
s.

3.conj
unct
ion
inthesamewaythat;
as.
I
fyouareli
kesomebody,
youar
esi
mil
art
ohi
m orher
.

4.adj
ect
ive
hav
ingsi
milarqual
i
tiesorchar
acter
ist
icst
oanot
herper
sonort
hing.
Ir
espondedinlikemanner
.

11. dehowasi
Deci susedi
neachsent
enceandmat
cht
hem t
ouses1-
4
abov
e.

A Hel
i
kesbasebal
l
,buthel
ovesf
oot
bal
l
.

B Iwoul
dli
ket
oasky
ourpar
doni
fyoudon’
tmi
nd?

C Farupi
ntheai
rwasanobj
ectt
hatl
ookedl
i
keabal
l
oon.
 D Iwoul
dn’
tli
ket
oeatst
eakI
’
mveget
ari
an.

E Idi
dn’
texpectev
ery
thi
ngwoul
dbeconf
usi
ngl
i
ket
his.

F Noonecanpl
ayt
hepi
anol
i
kehedoes.

G I
twasasmal
lani
mal
li
kear
at.

12. Makeupsent ngl

encesusi i
keandas.
1._
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2._
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3._
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4._
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5._
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6._
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7._
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8._
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 9._
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10. _
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UNI
T8.
MYFUTUREANDME

Lesson4. Appl
yi
ngf
oraj
ob.Wr
it
ingCV.
Pr
ojectwor
k.

1.
Li
stenandsay
.

2.Mat
cht
hewor
dswi
tht
ranscr
ipt
ions.

1.Addi
ti
onal
inf
ormat
ion _
___
___
_ a)
./ˈ
haɪ
lɪ
//ˈ
məʊt
ɪveɪ
tɪd/
2.r
efer
ence _
___
___
_ b)
./ɪ
nθj
uːzɪ
ˈ
æst
ɪk/
3.hi
ghl
y-
mot
ivat
ed _
___
___
_ c)
./kæmp/
4.ent
husi
ast
ic _
___
___
_ d)
./ˈ
r
efr
əns/
5.camp _
___
___
_ e)
./əˈ
dɪʃ
ənl
/

3.Lear
nthewor
dswi
thdef
ini
ti
ons.

1.addi
ti
onal
inf
ormat
ion -ext
rai
nfor
mat
ion.
2.r
efer
ence -ament
ionofsomet
hing.
3.hi
ghl
y-
mot
ivat
ed -v
erydet
ermi
nedt
odosomet
hing.
4.ent
husi
ast
ic -af
eel
i
ngofener get
icint
eresti
napar
ti
cul
ar
subj
ectoracti
vi
ty.
5.camp -abui
l
dingthati
sopentot
hepubli
cwhereare
act
ivi
ti
esavai
l
abl
eforchi
l
drenonhol
idays.

4.Wr
it
etheheadi
ngsf
rom Ai
nthecor
rectspacesi
ntheCVB.
A

Pr
ofi
l
e Addi
ti
onal
Inf
ormat
ion

Educat
ion Name

Personaldet
ail
s Vol
unt
eer
ing
experi
ences

B
1.
___
__Name______
_ GozelGur
banov
a

2.
___
___
___
___
___
__ DOB17/
04/
97

Addr
ess 159,
Bit
arapTur
kmeni
stanst
.

Ashgabat
.

Phone +993123125_

Mobi
l
e +9936512344_

Emai
l gozel
gur
banov
a@gmai
l
.com

3.
___
___
___
___
___
__ Highly
-mot iv
ated,
enthusiast
ic
graduate,wit
hpracti
calexperi
ence
ofwor kingwit
hchil
drenofall
ages

4.
___
___
___
___
___
__ Speci
ali
zedschool
№ 76

Dowlet
mammetAzadyTurkmen
Nat
ionalI
nst
it
uteofwor
ldl
anguages

TeacherofEngl
i
shl
anguage

5.
___
___
___
___
___
___ Apr
il
,Sept
ember

AI
MAG2017,
medi
acor
nerr
esul
tst
eam

Nov
ember1-
10

I
WF2018,Medi
acorner
,staf
f,
Tur
kmenist
anstat
eTV

6.
___
___
___
___
___
___ Dance,
vol
l
eybal
l
,tr
avel
,ci
nema,
plant
s,
dr
awing

7.
___
___
___
___
___
___ Oneofmymai
nint
erest
sisl
ear
ning
5.Thi
sisaj
obt
hatGozeli
sappl
yi
ngf
or.I
sshewel
lqual
i
fiedf
ori
t?

ACTI
VITYHOLI
DAYORGANI
ZERI
NTHECHI
LDREN’
S

SUMMERCAMP

Ar
eyou… Doy
ou…

 agedbet
ween18-
30? *l
i
keki
ds?

 ener
get
ic? *l
i
kespor
ts

 goodator
gani
zi
ngpeopl
e? *knowf
orei
gnl
anguages
Thencomeandjoinusasal
eaderforourchil
dr sr
en’ ecr
eati
onalcenter
,
l
ookingaf
tergr
oupsofki
ds,
creat
ethem languageorsport
sactivi
ti
es.

Sendy
ourCVt
oEmai
laddr
ess: chi
l
drencamp@gmai
l
.com
6.Appl
yi
ngf
oraj
ob.

Name: Ni
chol
asWal
ker
Addr
ess: 18St
.Pet
er’
sCl
ose,
Bromy
ard,
Her
efor
dshi
reHR74
PS
Tel
ephone: 01623960555 Mobi
l
e:07000900444
Emai
l
: ni
ckw@zapmai
l
.co.
uk
Obj
ect
ive:Tofindatempor
aryposi
ti
onthatwi
l
lhel
pwet
ogai
n
wor
k experi
encei
nthehot
elbusi
ness.
Pr
ofi
l
e: Anout
goi
ngandhar
d-wor
kingst
udent
.
Educat
ionandqual
i
ficat
ions
2011- TheKing’
sSchool
,Her
efor
d.Taki
ngAl
evel
sin:
German;
Hist
ory
;Soci
alStudi
es.
2007-2011QueenMar yHighSchool,Br
omy ar
d.9GCSEs: Engli
sh
Language( A)
;Engl
i
shLiteratur
e(A);
German( A);
ICT(B);
History
(B)
;Phy si
cs(B);
Social
Studies(B)
;Geography(C);Mat
hematics
(C)
Wor
kExper
ience
Jul
y2011-September2011:Act
ivi
ti
esAssist
antatWort
onSports
Centr
e,Assi
stedwit
hthesummerpr ogrammeforyoungpeopl
e.
Responsi
bil
i
tiesi
ncl
udedteachi
ngfootbal
lanSwimming.
August2010–Jul y2012:Sat
urdaymorni
ngshopassi
stantat
Pisl
eyNews, Herefor
d.Ser
vedcustomer
s,handl
edmoney,and
checkedstock,oft
enworki
ngalone.
Ski
l
ls
Languages:
Ger
man-
good
I
T:Goodkey
boar
dski
l
ls.Fami
l
iar
it
ywi
thWor
dandExcel
.
I
nter
est
s:
Foot
bal
l(Iwascapt
ainoft
hesoccert
eam l
asty
ear
),
phot
ogr
aphy,
Ref
erences–at
tached
7.Whenyouapplyf
orajob,y
oushoul
dsendacov er
ingl
ett
erwi
thy
ourCV.
Paypar
ti
cul
arat
tent
iont
othelay
out
,st
yleandcont
ent
.

Youhav
eseenanadv er
ti
sementforahot elr
ecept
ioni
stduri
ngthe
summer.Wri
tet
ot hemanagertoappl
yf ort
hejob.Expl
ainwhyyouthi
nk
youwoul
dbesui
table.Gi
vedetai
l
sofyourski
ll
sandexperi
ence.

8StPeter’
sClose
Br
omy ard
Her
eforshi
reHR74PS
Mr sRachel Adams
TheLi onHot el
23Hi ghSt r
eet
Her ef ordHR12LR
th
4 Jul y2015
DearMr sAdams
Iam wr i
tingt oappl yf ort hepostoft empor aryr eceptionist,
Paragraph1: whi chIsaw adv ert
isementi nt helocalnewspaperon1 st

July .Iencl oseacopyofmyCV.Ihav ejustfinishedt hef i

rst
Giveyourr eason
yearofmyAl evelstudi esandam i nt
erestedi ngainingwor k
forwrit
ing. exp e ri
e nce wit
h i
nt he ho telbusinessd ur
ingth es umme r,
a s I
hopet oapplyt ouni versitytostudyHot elManagement .
Saywhyy ouar e Asy ouwi l
lseef r
om myCV,Ihav esomeexper i
encei n
i
nterestedint hejob. deal ingwi t
hpeopl e.Al thoughIl ackdi r
ectexper i
enceasa
recept i
onist,asashopassi st
antIhav edealtwi thalltypesof
cust omer sinapol i
teandhel pfulway .I
naddi ti
on, Icanof fer
skill
si nIT,GermanandFi rstAid.
Paragraph2: Iwoul dv erymuchl i
ket obeapar tofy ourt eam.Iam
availabl ef ori ntervi
ew nextweek,and It oolf orwar dt o
Saywhaty oucan
hear ingf rom you.
Your ssi ncerely
NWoodwar
d
Ni
ckWoodwar
d
 br
ingt
othej
ob.

Par
agr
aph3:

Saywheny
ou

wi
l
lbeav
ail
abl
e

f
ori
nter
view.

8.
Readcol
oredt
abl
es. Formal greet
ingand
closingandclosing.If
Youraddress,butnoty our youdonotknowt he
name, ontheright.The person’s name, use
nameaddr essoft he DearSi rorMadam and
personyouar ewr i
ti
ngtoon f
inishwithYours
thelef
t.Thedat e:usuall
y
undertheaddr ess

Usef ormall
anguage
andf ull
sentences.Do
notusecontracti
onsof
9.Gi
vedet
ail
sofy
ourski
l
lsandexper
ience. abbrevi
ati
ons.

Name: _
___
___
___
___
__
Addr
ess: _
___
___
___
___
__
Tel
ephone: _
___
___
___
___
___ Mobi
l
e:_
___
___
___
___
__
Emai
l
: _
___
___
___
___
__
Obj
ect
ive:_
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
Pr
ofi
l
e: _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
Educat
ionandqual
i
ficat
ions
10.
Proj
ectwor
k.Appl
yforaj
ob,
prov
idi
ngacov
eri
ngl
ett
erandy
ourCV.

READER
 Par
tI

Engl
i
shandAmer
icanPoet
ry

ASt
udyofReadi
ngHabi
ts
Whenget
ti
ngmynosei
nabook

Cur
edmostt
hingsshor
tofschool
,

I
twaswor
thr
uini
ngmyey
es

ToknowIcoul
dst
il
lkeepcool
,

Anddeal
outt
heol
dri
ghthook

Todi
rt
ydogst
wicemysi
ze.

Lat
er,
wit
hinch-
thi
ckspecs,

Ev
ilwasj
ustmyl
ark:

Meandmycl
oakandf
angs

Hadr
ippi
ngt
imesi
nthedar
k.

ThewomanIcl
ubbedwi
thsex!

Ibr
oket
hem upl
i
kemer
ingues.

Don’
treadmuchnow:
thedude

Whol
etst
hegi
rldownbef
ore

Theher
oar
ri
ves,
thechap

Who’
syel
l
owandkeepst
hest
ore,

Seem f
art
oof
ami
l
iar
.Getst
ewed:

Booksar
eal
oadofcr
ap.

ByPhi
l
ipLar
kin
AmongSchool
Chi
l
dren
 Iwal
kthr
ought
hel
ongschool
room quest
ioni
ng;

Aki
ndol
dnuni
nawhi
tehoodr
epl
i
es;

Thechi
l
drenl
ear
ntoci
pherandt
osi
ng,

Tost
udyr
eadi
ng-
booksandhi
stor
y,

Tocutandsew,
beneati
nev
ery
thi
ng

I
nthebestmoder
nway
-thechi
l
dren’
sey
es

I
nmoment
arywonderst
areupon

Asi
xty
-year
-ol
dsmi
l
ingpubl
i
cman.

ByWi
l
li
am But
lerYeat
s

Lov
eli
estofTr
ees,
theCher
ryNow

Lov
eli
estoft
rees,
thecher
rynow

I
shungwi
thbl
oom al
ongt
hebough,

Andst
andsaboutt
hewoodl
andr
ide

Wear
ingwhi
tef
orEast
ert
ide.

ByA.
E.Housman

HowRosesCameRed

Rosesatf
ir
stwer
ewhi
te,

Ti
l
ltheycoul
dnotagr
ee

Whet
hermySappho’
sbr
east

Ort
heymor
ewhi
teshoul
dbe.

Butbei
ngv
anqui
shedqui
te,

Abl
usht
hei
rcheeksbespr
ead;

Si
ncewhi
ch,
bel
i
evet
her
est
,
 Ther
osesf
ir
stcamer
ed.

ByRober
tHer
ri
ck

Spr
ing

Whendai
siespi
edandv
iol
etsbl
ue,

Andl
ady
-smocksal
lsi
l
ver
-whi
te,

Andcuckoo-
budsofy
ell
owhue

Dopai
ntt
hemeadowswi
thdel
i
ght
,

Thecuckoot
hen,
onev
eryt
ree,

Mocksmar
ri
edmen;
fort
hussi
ngshe,

“
Cuckoo!

Cuckoo,
cuckoo!
”Owor
doff
ear
,

Unpl
easi
ngt
oamar
ri
edear
!

ByWi
l
li
am Shakespear
e

TheWi
l
dSwansatCool
e

Thet
reesar
eint
hei
raut
umnbeaut
y,

Thewoodl
andpat
hsar
edr
y,

Undert
heOct
obert
wil
i
ghtt
hewat
er

Mi
rr
orsast
il
lsky
;

Upont
hebr
immi
ngwat
eramongt
hest
ones

Ar
eni
ne-
and-
fi
ft
yswans.

Theni
net
eent
haut
umnhascomeuponme

Si
nceIf
ir
stmademycount
;

Isaw,
bef
oreIhadwel
lfi
nished,
Al
lsuddenl
ymount

Andscat
terwheel
i
ngi
ngr
eatbr
okenr
ings

Upont
hei
rcl
amor
ouswi
ngs.

Ihav
elookedupont
hosebr
il
li
antcr
eat
ures,

Andnowmyhear
tissor
e.

Al
l
’schangedsi
nceI
,hear
ingatt
wil
i
ght
,

Thef
ir
stt
imeont
hisshor
e,

Thebel
l
-beatoft
hei
rwi
ngsabov
emyhead,

Tr
odwi
thal
i
ght
ert
read.

Unwear
iedst
il
l,
lov
erbyl
over
,

Theypaddl
eint
hecol
d

Compani
onabl
est
reamsorcl
i
mbt
heai
r;

Thei
rhear
tshav
enotgr
ownol
d;

Passi
onorconquest
,wanderwher
etheywi
l
l,

At
tendupont
hem st
il
l.

Butnowt
heydr
if
tont
hest
il
lwat
er,

My
ster
ious,
beaut
if
ul;

Amongwhatr
usheswi
l
ltheybui
l
d,

Bywhatl
ake’
sedgeorpool

Del
i
ghtmen’
sey
eswhenIawakesomeday

Tof
indt
heyhav
efl
ownaway
?

ByWi
l
li
am But
lerYeat
s
TheRubái
yátofOmarKhay
yám ofNai
shápúr
Wake!Fort
heSun,
whoscat
ter
edi
ntof
li
ght

TheSt
arsbef
orehi
mfr
om t
heFi
eldofNi
ght
,

Dr
ivesNi
ghtal
ongwi
tht
hem f
rom Heav
’n,
andst
ri
kes

TheSul
tán’
sTur
retwi
thaShaf
tofLi
ght
.

Whet
heratNái
shápúrorBaby
lon,

Whet
hert
heCupwi
thsweetorbi
tt
err
un,

TheWi
neofLi
fekeepsoozi
ngdr
opbydr
op,

TheLeav
esofLi
fekeepf
all
i
ngonebyone.

EachMor
natt
housandRosesbr
ings,
yousay
;

Yes,
butwher
eleav
est
heRoseofYest
erday
?

Andt
hisf
ir
stSummermont
hthatbr
ingst
heRose

Shal
ltakeJamshy
dandKai
kobádaway
.

ByEdwar
dFi
tzger
ald

TheRoadNotTaken

Twor
oadsdi
ver
gedi
nay
ell
owwood,

Andsor
ryIcoul
dnott
rav
elbot
h

Andbeonet
rav
eler
,longIst
ood

Andl
ookeddownoneasf
arasIcoul
d

Towher
eitbenti
ntheunder
growt
h;

Thent
ookt
heot
her
,asj
ustasf
air
,
Andhav
ingper
hapst
hebet
tercl
aim,

Becausei
twasgr
assyandwant
edwear
;

Thoughasf
ort
hat
,thepassi
ngt
her
e

Hadwor
nthem r
eal
l
yaboutt
hesame,

Andbot
hthatmor
ningequal
l
ylay

I
nleav
esnost
ephadt
roddenbl
ack.

Oh,
Ikeptt
hef
ir
stf
oranot
herday
!

Yetknowi
nghowwayl
eadsont
oway
,

Idoubt
edi
fIshoul
dev
ercomeback.

Ishal
lbet
ell
i
ngt
hiswi
thasi
gh

Somewher
eagesandageshence:

Twor
oadsdi
ver
gedi
nawood,
andI–

It
ookt
heonel
esst
rav
eledby
,

Andt
hathasmadeal
lthedi
ff
erence.

ByRober
tFr
ost

Par
tII
 Laughwi
thEpendi

Hi
dei
nshame
One daya bur glarsneaked i
nto Ependi
’
shouse.He searched
every
wherebutdidn’tfi
ndat hi
ngtosteal
.“MaybeIwi
l
lfi
ndsomething
i
nt hi
schest”
,thoughtt herobber
.Butwhenheopenedt hechest,he
sawEpendisi
tti
ngini t.
-Whatareyoudoi
nghere?–askedtherobber
,scar
edt
odeath.
-I
’m ashamedofhavi
ngnothi
ngtosteali
nmyhouse.That
’swhyI
hi
dinhere–answeredEpendi
.

MayIatl
easthav
eawi
sh
Ependiwantedsomesoup.Het hought:“I
fonl
yther
eweresoup
wit
hsomemi ntinit
,I’
deatitwithpleasur
e.”Thedoorwasknocked
ri
ghtatthatt
ime.Theneighbor
’ssoncamei nwithabowli
nhi
shands
andsaid:
-Mymom i
ssi
ck.Woul
dyou,
please,
giv
eussomesoupf
orher
?
WhenEpendi
hear
dwhatt
heboysai
d,hegotast
oni
shedandsai
d:
-Ev
ent
hesmel
lofapoorman’
sdr
eam r
eachedt
henei
ghbor
s.

HowEpendi
plant
edt
rees
Ependiwouldplantt
reesi
nhi
sgar
denatnoons,andt
aket
hem
hem homeatnight
s.
Puzzl
edpeopl
easkedhi
m:
-Ependi
,whatar
eyoudoi
ng?
 -Well,youneverknow whatmighthappen.Somanyt hi
ngsthat
youcan’teventhi
nkofabouthappeneveryday.Ther
eisasayi
ng:“
The
proper
tyofapoormanshoul dbenearbyhim”–answeredEpendi
.

Cal
lthedoct
or
OnenightEpendi ’
swi f
egotsi ck.Shewasi npainandaskedEpendi
togof etcht hedoct or.Ependiheadedt owar dst hedoct or
’shouse.
Af t
erheleft,hi
swi festartedt ofeelbet ter,thepainv anishedandshe
decidedthatshedi dn’tneedt hedoct orany mor e.Shesenthersont o
runandcat chEpendiandt el
lhi m t hatt hedoct orwasno l onger
necessary.Theboycaughtupwi thhi sdadi nf r
ontoft hedoct or
’s
housewhenEpendiwasal readyknocki ngatt hedoor .Itwast ool at
e,
ofcourse.Thedoct oropenedt hedoorandwasappar entlywokenup
from hi
ssl eep.Theboyt oldhi sf athert hattheydonotneeddoct or
any mor
e.Atf i
rstEpendiwasatal oss,butsoonunder stoodt hathe
needstosaysomet hi
ngt othedoct orwhoexpect edagoodr easonf or
beingdist
urbedi nthemi ddleoft heni ght.
-Doctor,Icamet
otel
lyouthaty
oudonothavet
ocomet oour
houser
ightnow,mywi
fei
sfeel
i
ngbett
er–st
ammeredEpendi
.

Pay
ment
Awoodmanwascar r
yingabagf ul
lofchoppedwoodonhisback.
Hisbagwasheav yandfil
ledbeyonditsli
mit.Thepoormancouldn’
t
avoi
dtrippi
ngov erast
oneont heroadandhal foft
hewoodfel
loutof
thebag.Anothermanhappenedtobepassingbyandsawt hemishap.
-IfIputt
hosechoppedwoodbacki
ntoyourbag,whatwoul
dyou
gi
veme?– heasked.
-Nothi
ng–sai
dthemancarry
ingt
hewood.
-That
’saccept
abl
e– agreedtheotherman.Hecol lect
edallt
he
choppedwoodscatt
eredontheroadandputthem backint
othebag
ofthewoodman.Whendone,heaskedforhi
spayment.Thewoodman
wassur
pri
sed.
-It
oldyou,
Iwoul
dgi
vey
ounot
hing–hesai
d.
-Yes.Andt
hat
’swhatIwant
.Not
hing–sai
dtheot
her
.–Gi
vememy
nothi
ng!
Aft
ersomequar r
el,t
hetwomendecidedtoletthejudgesolve
thei
rproblem.Ependiwasondutyatt
het
ime.Heli
stenedtobothmen
earnest
ly.Thenheaddressedt
hemanwhowasexpect i
nghispayment
ofnothi
ng.
-Mydearfel
low,coul
dy ou,pl
ease,l
if
tther
ightcor
nerofthat
car
petont
hefl
oorandcheckwhatisunder
neat
h?–Themandidashe
wastol
dandl
ookedunderthecar
pet.
-Whatdoy
ousee?–askedEpendi
.
-Not
hing–sai
dtheman.
-
Wel
l
,takei
tandgohome– answer
edEpendi
.– Thati
syour
pay
ment
!
 ENGLI
SH–TURKMEN–RUSSI
ANVOCABULARY

Aa

abi
l
ity [
ə'
bɪl
ətɪ
] uky
p,başar
nyk способност
ь,возможност
ь

(
делат
ьчт
о-л.
),у
мение

abundance [
əˈ
bʌndəns] ber
eket
,bol
çul
yk изобилие

accept
abl
e [
əkˈ
sept
əbl
] göwnej
aý,
ulany
lýan приемлимый

accept
ance [
ək'
sept
ən(
t)s] makul
l
ama,
gol
l
ama одобрение,
признание

accommodat
ion [
əˌ
kɔməˈ
deɪ
ʃən] ý
aşaý
yşj
aýy жилье

aci
d [
ˈ
æsɪ
d] ki
slot
a кислот
а

acr
oss [
ə'
krɔs] gar
şysy
nda напрот
ив

act
ion [
'
ækʃ
n] her
eket
,täsi
r дейст
вие

act
ive [
'
ækt
ɪv] i
şjeň акт
ивный

addi
ti
onal [
əˈ
dɪʃ
ənl
] goşmaça дополнит
ельный

adopt [
ə'
dɔpt
] r
esmi
kabul
etmek (
официально)принимат
ь(чт
о
-
л.)

ador
e [
ə'
dɔː
(r
)] söý
mek,
gowygör
mek обожат
ь

adv
ancement [
ədˈ
vɑː
nsmənt
] öňegi
dişl
i
k продвижение

adv
ant
age [
əd'
vɑː
ntɪ
ʤ] ar
tykmaçl
yk преиму
щест
во

adv
ant
age [
ədˈ
vɑː
ntɪ
ʤ] bähbi
t выг
ода

adv
ent
ure [
ədˈ
venʧə] başdangeçi
rme приключения

adv
erse [
ˈ
ædv
ɜːs] ý
aky
msy
z,t
ers неблаг
оприят
ный

adv
ert
isement [
əd'
vɜː
tɪ
smənt
] mahabat объявление,
реклама

adv
ise [
əd'
vaɪ
z] masl
ahatber
mek совет
оват
ь

af
fect [
ə'
fekt
] t
äsi
ret
mek оказыватьвоздейст
вие,
влияние

af
ter [
'
ɑːf
tə] soň,
soňr
a после,
через,
спу
стя

af
ter
noon [
ˌ
ɑːf
tə'
nuː
n](
int
he~) öý
län послеполу
дня,
днём

agr
icul
tur
e [
'
ægr
ɪkʌ
lʧə] obahoj
aly
k сельскоехозяйст
во

agr
icul
tur
e [
ˈ
ægr
ɪkʌ
lʧə] obahoj
aly
k сельскоехозяйст
во
ai
med [
eɪmd] gönükdi
ri
len нацеленный

ai
r [
eə] howa,
asman возду
х

ai
rcr
aft [
ˈ
eəkr
aːf
t] uçar самолет

al
l [
ɔːl
] hеmmе,
ähl
i весь,
вся,
всё;
целый

al
l
egedl
y [
əˈ
lɛdʒɪ
dlɪ
] hamal
a якобы

al
ter
nat
ive [
ɔːl
ˈ
tɜː
nət
ɪv] saý
lama альт
ернат
ивный

al
way
s [
'
ɔːl
weɪ
z] hemi
şe всег
да

ambi
ent [
'
æmbɪ
ənt
] t
öwer
egi
ndäki
,gur
şaý
an,
daşky окру
жающий,
внешний

ameni
ty [
əˈ
mi:
nət
ɪ] amat
lyl
ykl
ar у
добст
во

Amer
ican [
əˈ
mer
ikən] amer
ikal
y американский,
американец,
американка

amusementpar
k [
ə'
mjuː
zməntpaː
(r
)k] medeni
-seý
ilwedy
nçal
yşbagy паркку
льт
урыиот
дыха

anci
ent [
'
eɪnʃ
(ə)
nt] gady
my ст
аринный

ani
mal [
'
ænɪ
m(ə)
l] haý
wan живот
ное

ani
mal
hospi
tal [
'
ænɪ
m(ə)
l'hɔspɪ
t(ə)
l] mal
l
arüçi
nkesel
hana вет
лечебница

ani
mat
ed [
ˈ
ænɪ
meɪ
tɪd] j
anl
andy
ryl
an оживлённый

annual [
ˈ
ænj
ʊəl
] ý
yll
yk ежег
одный

answer [
'
ɑːnsə] j
ogapbеr
mеk от
вечат
ь,от
кликат
ься

answeraquest
ion sor
agaj
ogapbеr
mеk от
вечат
ьнавопрос

ant
hem [
'
ænθəm] Döwl
etsenasy г
имн

anxi
ous [
ˈ
æŋkʃ
əs] al
adal
y беспокойный

appl
e [
'
æpl
] al
ma яблоко

appl
etr
ee [
'
æpl
tr
i:
] al
maagaj
y яблоня

appl
y [
əˈ
pl
aɪ] ul
anmak применит
ь,использоват
ь

appr
ove [
əˈ
pruː
v] makul
l
amak,
tassy
klamak у
тверждат
ь

Apr
il [
'
eɪpr
(ə)
l] apr
еl апрель

apr
on [
'
eɪpr
(ə)
n] öňl
ük фарт
ук

ar
mchai
r [
ˌ
ɑːm'
ʧeə] kr
esl
o,kür
si кресло

ar
ound [
ə'
raund] t
öwer
egi
nde вокру
г

ar
ri
ve [
ə'
raɪ
v] gel
mek прибыват
ь

ar
rogant [
ˈ
ærəgənt
] gompy
,ul
umsy высокомерный

ar
t [
ɑːt
] şeki
l
lendi
ri
şsungat
y изобразит
ельное

иску
сст
во,
урокрисования

ask [
ɑːsk] sor
amak спрашиват
ь
askaquest
ion [
ɑːskə'
kwesʧən] sor
agber
mek задат
ьвопрос

aspect [
ˈ
æspekt
] bi
rzady
ňdüzüm böl
egi аспект
,элемент

at8o'
cl
ock [
æteɪ
tə'
kl
ɔk] sagatsеki
zdе в8часов

athome [
'
æthəum] öý
dе дома,
усебя

at
hlet
e [
'
æθl
i
ːt] t
ürgen спорт
смен

at
tend [
ə'
tend] gat
naşmak посещат
ь

at
ti
re [
ə'
taɪ
ə] ser
paý
,egi
n-eşi
k одеяние,
наряд

at
ti
re [
əˈ
taɪ
ə] l
ybas наряд

at
ti
tude [
ˈ
ætɪ
tj
uːd] gar
aýy
ş от
ношение

at
tract [
ə'
tr
ækt
] özüňeçekmek прит
ягиват
ь

audi
ence [
ˈ
ɔːdj
əns] di
ňleý
ji
ler пу
блика

August [
'
ɔːgəst
] awgust авг
уст

aut
hent
ic [
ɔːˈ
θent
ɪk] haky
ky ау
тент
ичный

aut
hor [
ˈ
ɔːθə] awt
or авт
ор

aut
umn [
'
ɔːt
əm] güý
z осень

av
ail
abi
l
ity [
əveɪ
ləˈ
bɪl
ɪt
ɪ] el
ýet
erl
i
li
k приг
одност
ь

av
iat
ion [
eɪv
ɪˈ
eɪ
ʃn] awi
asi
ýa авиация

Bb
back [
bæk] y
za назад

bad [
bæd] er
bet
,ýaman плохой

badmi
nton [
'
bædmɪ
ntən] badmi
nton бадминт
он

bag [
bæg] por
tfеl
,sumka су
мка,
порт
фель

bagpi
pe [
'
bægpaɪ
p] wol
ynka(
sazgur
aly
) волынка(му
зыкальный
инстру
мент)

bal
l [
bɔː
l
] pökgi
,top мяч

bal
l
et [
ˈ
bæl
eɪ] bal
et балет

bal
l
oon [
bə'
l
uːn] şar шар

banana [
bə'
nɑː
nə] banan банан

bank [
bæŋk] der
ýany
ňýakasy берег(
реки)

Bar
biedol
l [
'
bɑː
bɪdɔl
] Bar
bigur
jagy ку
клаБарби

basebal
lbat [
'
beɪ
sˌ
bɔː
lbæt
] beý
sbol
bit
asy бейсбольнаябит
а

basebal
lcap [
'
beɪ
sbɔː
l'
kæp] beý
sbol
papagy бейсболка

basi
s [
ˈ
beɪ
sɪs] düý
bi,
özeni основа
basket
bal
l [
'
bɑː
skɪ
tbɔː
l
] basket
bol баскет
бол

bat
hroom [
'
bɑː
θruː
m] wannaot
agy ваннаякомнат
а

be.
.year
sol
d [
biːj
ɪəzəul
d] .
.ýaşy
ndabol
mak …лет

beabsent [
bi:
'æbs(
ə)nt
] ý
okbol
mak,
gat
naşmazl
yk от
сут
ствоват
ь

bebor
n [
bi:
bɔː
n] dogul
mak,
enеdеnbol
mak родит
ься

bef
ondof [
bɪf
ɔndəv
] hal
amak,
gowygör
mek нравит
ься

beondut
y [
bi:
ɔn'
dj
uːt
ɪ] nobat
çybol
mak быт
ьнадежу
рст
ве

bepr
esent [
bi:
'
prez(
ə)nt
] barbol
mak,
gat
naşmak прису
тст
воват
ь

ber
eti
red [
biː
rɪ'
taɪ
əd] pensi
ýadabol
mak быт
ьнапенсии

bet
ir
edof [
bɪ'
taɪ
ə(r
)dəv
] ý
adamak у
стат
ь

beach [
bi:
ʧ] pl
ýaž,
deňzi
ňýakasy пляж,
морскойберег

beaut
if
ul [
'
bjuː
təf
(ə)
l] aj
aýy
p,ör
änowadan,
gözеl красивый

bed [
bed] kr
owat кроват
ь

bedr
oom [
'
bedr
uːm] ý
aty
lýanot
ag спальня

beet [
biː
t] şugundy
r свёкла

Bef
ore [
bɪ'
fɔː
] öň,
ozal раньше

beg [
beg] ý
albar
mak просит
ь,у
молят
ь

begi
n [
bɪ'
gɪn] başl
amak,
başl
anmak начинат
ь,начинат
ься

behav
ior /
bɪˈ
heɪ
vjə/ özüňi
aly
pbar
ma поведение

behi
nd [
bɪ'
haɪ
nd] ar
kat
arapy
nda сзади,
позади

bel
l [
bel
] j
aň звонок

bel
t [
bel
t] guşak,
kemer пояс,
ремень

besi
de [
bɪ'
saɪ
d] t
öwer
egi
nde,
ýany
nda около

bet
ween [
bɪ'
twi
ː
n] ar
asy
nda между

bev
erage [
'
bev
ərɪ
ʤ] i
çgi напит
ок

bi
cycl
e [
'
baɪ
sɪkl
] t
igi
r велосипед

bi
g [
bɪg] ul
y,ul
l
akan большой,
кру
пный

bi
ke [
baɪ
k] t
igi
r велосипед

bi
l
l [
bɪl
] (
töl
eg)hasap счёт

bi
nomi
al [
baɪ
'nəumɪ
əl] bi
nom,
iki
çlen биномиальный,
двоичный

bi
rd [
bɜː
d] guş пт
ица

bi
rt
hday [
'
bɜː
θdeɪ
] dogl
angün деньрождения

bi
rt
hdaycake [
'
bəː
θdeɪkeɪ
k] dogl
angünt
ort
y т
орткоднюрождения

bi
scui
t [
'
bɪskɪ
t] pet
irköke г
алет
ноепеченье,
бисквит
bl
ack [
blæk] gar
a чёрный

bl
ackboar
d [
'
blækbɔː
d] sy
npt
agt
asy класснаядоска

bl
ogger [
'
blɔgə] özbl
ogunyý
öredý
änadam человек,
веду
щийсвойблог

bl
oom [
bluː
m] gül
l
emek цвест
и

bl
ue [
bluː
] gök(
rеňk) г
олу
бой

boast
ful /
ˈbəʊst
fʊl
/ öwünj
eň хваст
ливый

boat [
bəut
] gaý
yk лодка

boat
ing [
'
bəʊt
ɪŋ] kür
ekl
eme г
ребля

body [
'
bɔdɪ
] beden т
ело

bodypar
ts [
'
bɔdɪ
:pɑː
ts] bedenagzal
ary част
итела

book [
buk] ki
tap книг
а

bookwor
m [
'
bʊkˌ
wɜː
(r
)m] ki
tapokamagygowygör
ýän любит
елькниг
,библиофил
adam,ki
tapsöý
üji

boot
s [buː
ts] ädi
k сапог

bor
row ['
bɔr
əu] kar
zal
mak занимат
ь,заимст
воват
ь

bounce [
bauns] bökme,
böküş прыжок,
отскок

bound [
baund] bagl
y связанный

bowl
i
ng [
'
bəʊl
ɪŋ] bowl
i
ng иг
равкег
ли,
боу
линг

box [
bɔks] gut
y,ý
aşi
k коробка,
ящик

boxer [
'
bɔksə] boksçy боксёр

boxi
nggl
ove [
'
bɔksɪ
ŋgl
ʌv] boksel
l
igi боксёрскаяперчат
ка

boy [
bɔɪ
] ogl
an мальчик

br
ead [
bred] çör
ek хлеб

br
eak [
'
breɪ
k] ar
akesme перерыв

br
icks [
brɪ
ks] ý
ygnal
ýanoý
unj
akböl
eji
kl
eri дет
скиеку
бикиLego

br
ight [
braɪ
t] ý
agt
y,açy
k яркийсвет
ящийся

br
ing [
brɪ
ŋ] get
ir
mek приносит
ь

Br
it
ain [
'
brɪ
tn] Br
it
ani
ýa Брит
ания

Br
it
ish [
'
brɪ
tɪʃ
] br
it
ani
ýal
y брит
анский,
анг
лийский

br
oad [
brɔː
d] gi
ň широкий

br
other [
'
brʌ
ðə] ogl
andogan брат

br
other
hood [
'
brʌ
ðəhud] doganl
yk,
dost
lukgat
naşy
klar
y братские,
дру
жеские
отношения

br
own [
braun] goňur коричневый

br
ush [
brʌ
ʃ] di
şçot
gasy зу
бнаящет
ка
bui
l
d [
bɪl
d] gur
maký
asamak ст
роит
ь

bul
l [
bul
] öküz бык

bur
ial
sit
e [
'
bɛr
ɪəl
saɪ
t] gonamçy
lyk кладбище

bus [
bʌs] awt
obus авт
обу
с

busst
ati
on [
bʌs'
steɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] awt
obusmenzi
l
i авт
обу
снаяст
анция

busst
op [
bʌs:
stɔp] awt
obusdur
algasy авт
обу
снаяост
ановка

bush [
buʃ
] gy
rymsyagaç ку
старник

but [
bʌt
] emma но,
а,однако

but
ter [
'
bʌt
ə] mesge сливочноемасло

Cc

cabbage [
'
kæbɪ
ʤ] kel
em капу
ста

caf
é [
'
kæf
eɪ] kaf
e,gar
bany
şhana кафе

cake [
keɪ
k] t
ort т
орт

cal
cul
us [
'
kæl
kj
uləs] mat
emat
ikany
ňböl
ümi разделмат
емат
ики

cal
f [
kɑː
f] göl
e т
елёнок

cal
l [
kɔː
l
] çagy
rmak зват
ь

cal
l [
kɔː
l
] 1)j
aňet
mek,2)at
landy
rmak 1.звонит
ь

2.называт
ь

cal
m [
kɑː
m] r
ahat
; спокойный

came [
keɪ
m] «
tocome»(
gеl
mеk) формапрошедшеговремени
глаг
ола'
toсome'
i
şli
gini
ňöt
еnzamanf
ormasy

camel [
'
kæm(
ə)l
] düý
e верблюд

camp [
kæmp] l
ager лаг
ерь

campi
ng [
'
kæmpɪ
ŋ] kempiň,
tebi
gat
daçady
rlydy
nç кемпинг,от
дыхвпалат
очном
almak городке

can [
kæn] başar
mak,
oňar
mak,
edi
pbi
l
mеk у
мет
ь,быт
ьспособным

candl
e [
'
kændl
] şem свеча

cant
een [
kæn'
ti
:
n] nahar
hana ст
оловая

cany
on [
'
kænj
ən] j
ülge у
щелье

cap [
'
kæp] kepka кепка

capi
tal [
'
kæpɪ
təl
] paý
tagt ст
олица

car [
kɑː
] ý
eňi
lmaşy
n машина
car
dboar
d [
'
kɑː
dbɔː
d] kar
ton карт
он

car
ing [
'
keər
ɪŋ] mähi
rl
i,
aladaçy
l забот
ливый

car
pet [
'
kɑː
pɪt
] hal
y ковёр

car
rot [
'
kær
ət] käşi
r морковь

car
ry [
'
kær
ɪ] göt
ermek,
äki
tmek,
elt
mek от
носит
ь,нест
и,носит
ь

car
toon [
kɑː
'
tuː
n] mul
tf
il
m му
льт
фильм

cast
le [
'
kɑː
sl
] gal
a крепост
ь

casual /
ˈkæʒj
ʊəl
/ gündeki повседневный

cat
erpi
l
lar [
'
kæt
əpɪ
lə] kebel
ekgur
çugy г
усеница

cat
tl
e [
kæt
l] i
rişahl
ymal кру
пно-
рог
атыйскот

caut
ion /
ˈkɔː
ʃən/ ser
esapl
yl
yk,
hüşgär
li
k ост
орожност
ь

cav
e [
keɪ
v] gowak пещера

cel
ebr
ate [
'
sel
əbr
eɪt
] bеl
l
еmеk,
baý
ram et
mеk праздноват
ь

Cent
ral
Asi
a [
'
sent
r(ə)
l'eɪ
ʃə] Mer
kezi
Azi
ýa Цент
ральнаяАзия

cent
re [
'
sent
ə] mer
kez цент
р

chai
r [
ʧeə] ot
urgy
ç ст
ул

chal
k [
ʧɔː
k] hek,
mel мел

champi
on [
'
ʧæmpɪ
ən] çempi
on чемпион

chance [
tʃaː
ns] pur
sat
,mümki
nçi
l
ik шанс

change [
ʧeɪ
nʤ] gaý
tar
gy сдача

changeabl
e [
'
ʧeɪ
nʤəbl
] dur
nuksy
z неу
стойчивый

char
ge [
tʃaː
(r
)dʒ] zar
ýadagoý
mak заряжат
ь

char
m [
ʧɑː
m] t
äsi
ngal
dyr
mak,haý
ranet
mek очаровыват
ь

chase [
ʧeɪ
s] y
zyndaný
etmek,
tut
mak г
нат
ься,
дог
онят
ь

cheap [
ʧiː
p] ar
zan дешёвый,
недорог
ой

cheek [
ʧiː
k] ý
aňak щека

cheerupsmb. [
'
ʧɪər
'ʌ
p] gol
damak поддерживат
ь

cheese [
ʧiː
z] peý
nir
,sy
r сыр

chemi
cal [
'
kemɪ
k(ə)
l] hi
mikat химикат

cher
ry [
'
ʧer
ɪ] ül
j
e вишня

chess [
ʧes] küştoý
ny шахмат
ы

chest [
ʧest
] döş г
руднаяклет
ка

chew [
ʧuː
] çeý
nemek жеват
ь

chi
cken [
'
ʧɪkɪ
n] j
üýj
e цыплёнок
chi
l
d [
ʧaɪ
ld] çaga ребёнок

chi
l
dren [
'
ʧɪl
dr(
ə)n] çagal
ar дет
и

chi
n [
ʧɪn] eňek подбородок

Chi
na [
'
ʧaɪ
nə] Hy
taý Кит
ай

Chi
nese [
'
ʧaɪ
'ni
ː
z] hy
taý
ly кит
айский,
кит
аец,
кит
аянка

chi
ps [
ʧɪps] gowr
ulaný
eral
maböl
eji
kl
eri карт
офельныечипсы

chocol
ate [
'
ʧɔkl
ət] şokol
ad шоколад

choose [
ʧuː
z] saý
lamak выбират
ь

chopst
icks [
tʃɒpst
ɪks] nahariý
meküçi
nul
any
lýan палочкидляеды
taý
ajykl
ar

chut
es [
ʃuː
t] sy
panj
akt
agt
a спу
скнойжелоб

ci
nema [
'
sɪnəmə] ki
no,
kinot
еat
r кинофильм,
кинот
еат
р

ci
rcl
e [
'
sɜː
kl
] t
egel
ek кру
г

ci
ti
zen [
'
sɪt
ɪz(
ə)n] r
aýat г
ражданин

ci
ty [
'
sɪt
ɪ] şähеr(
ulyşähеr
) г
ород(
большойг
ород)

ci
tycent
er [
'
sɪt
ɪ'sent
ə] şähermer
kezi цент
ргорода

cl
an [
klæn] t
aýpa племя

cl
ap [
klæp] el
çar
pmak хлопат
ь,аплодироват
ь

cl
asst
eacher [
'
klɑː
s't
iː
ʧə] sy
npý
olbaşçy классныйру
ководит
ель

cl
assmat
e [
'
klɑː
smeɪ
t] sy
npdaşokuwçy одноклассник

cl
assr
oom [
'
klɑː
srum] sy
npot
agy класс

cl
ean [
kli
ː
n] ar
assal
amak,
süpür
mеk чистить,очищат
ьот
загрязнения

cl
ever [
'
klev
ə] aky
ll
y у
мный

cl
i
ff [
klɪ
f] gaý
a,ker
tgaý
a у
тёс,
скала

cl
i
mb [
klaɪ
m] dy
rmaşmak взбират
ься

cl
i
mbon [
klaɪ
m ɔn] ý
okar
yçy
kmak,
münmek взбират
ься,
поднимат
ься

cl
ock [
klɔk] di
warsagady часы(
наст
енные)

cl
othes [
kləuðz] egi
n-eşi
k одежда

cl
own [
klaun] masgar
abaz клоу
н

cl
ub [
klʌ
b] gur
nak кру
жок

coal [
kəʊl
] kömür у
голь

coast
al [
'
kəust
(ə)
l] kenar
ýaka берег
овой,
прибрежный

coat [
kəut
] pal
to пальт
о

cock [
kɔk] hor
az пет
ух
coi
n [
kɔɪ
n] täzesözýa-
daaňlatma,köne создават
ьнеолог
измы(
новые
sözüňtäzemanysynybermek словаивыражения)

col
d [
kəul
d] sowuk холодный

col
our [
'
kʌl
ə] r
eňk цвет

col
umn [
'
kɔl
əm] süt
ün колонна

comb [
kəum] dar
ak расчёска

combhai
r [
kəum heə] saçy
ňydar
amak причесыват
ьволосы

come [
kʌm] gеl
mеk приходит
ь,подходит
ь

commemor
ate [
kəˈ
memər
eɪt
] ý
atl
amak,
hat
yrasy
nyt
utmak поминат
ь

commer
cial
s [
kə'
mɜː
ʃ(
ə)l
z] (
tel
ewi
zor
da)mahabat рекламныйролик

communi
cat
ion /
kəˌ
mjuː
nɪˈ
keɪ
ʃən/ ar
agat
naşy
k общение

communi
ty /
kəˈ
mjuː
nɪt
i/ bi
l
eleşi
k общест
во

company [
'
kʌmpənɪ
] t
ir
keşý
änadaml
ar компания

compet
e [
kəm'
pi
ːt
] ý
ary
şmak,
bäsl
eşmek сост
язат
ься,
соревноват
ься

compl
ain [
kəmˈ
pl
eɪn] ar
z-şi
kaý
atet
mek жаловат
ься

compl
ex [
'
kɔmpl
eks] t
opl
um комплекс

compl
i
ment [
'
kɔmpl
i
mənt
] öwmek,
hoşamaýsözaý
tmak г
оворит
ькомплимент
ы

composi
ti
on [
kɔmpəˈ
zɪ
ʃn] düzme произведение

composi
ti
on [
kɔmpəˈ
zɪ
ʃən] gar
yndy
,goşundy смесь,
стру
кту
ра

comput
erl
ab [
kəm'
pj
uː
təl
æb] kompý
uterot
agy компьют
ерныйкласс

concer
t [
'
kɔnsət
] konser
t концерт

condi
ti
on [
kən'
dɪʃ
(ə)
n] şer
t у
словия

conf
ect
ionar
y [
kən'
fekʃ
(ə)
n(ə)
rɪ] süý
jiönüml
eri кондит
ерскиеизделия

conf
ident /
ˈkɒnf
ɪdənt
/ y
naml
y самоу
веренный

connect
ion /
kəˈ
nɛkʃ
ən/ bagl
any
şyk соединение

conser
vat
ive /
kənˈ
sɜː
vət
ɪv/ üý
tgewsi
z консерват
ивный

consi
der
abl
e /
kənˈ
sɪ
dər
əbl
/ ähmi
ýet
li значит
ельный

consumpt
ion [
kənˈ
sʌmpʃ
n] sar
pet
me пот
ребление

cont
inent [
'
kɔnt
ɪnənt
] mat
eri
k,kont
inent конт
инент
,мат
ерик

cont
rast [
kən'
tr
ɑːst
] deňeşdi
rmek,
degşi
rmek противопоставлят
ь,
сопоставлят
ь

cont
ri
but
ion [
ˌ
kɔnt
rɪ'
bj
uːʃ
(ə)
n] goşant
,gy
mmat
lyüst
ünl
i
k вклад,
ценныедост
ижения

conv
eni
ent [
kən'
vi
ːnɪ
ənt
] amat
ly у
добный

conv
ent
ion [
kən'
venʃ
(ə)
n] konwensi
ýa,
şer
tnama конвенция,
сог
лашение

conv
ent
ion [
kənˈ
venʃ
n] gur
ult
aý резолюция,
собрание
cook [
kuk] aşpez повар

cooki
e [
'
kukɪ
] köke печенье

cooki
ng [
ˈ
kʊkɪ
ŋ] aşpezl
i
k ку
линария

cool [
kuː
l
] 1.sal
kyn, 1.прохладный,

2.hezi
l
, 2.клёвый,

3.ý
eser 3.кру
той

copper [
'
kɔpə] mi
s медь

copper [
ˈ
kɔpə] mi
s медь

cor
rect [
kə'
rekt
] dogr
y верно,
правильно

cot
tage [
'
kɔt
ɪʤ] kot
tej кот
тедж

cot
ton [
'
kɔt
(ə)
n] pagt
a хлопок

count [
kaunt
] sanamak счит
ать

count
ry [
'
kʌnt
rɪ] ý
urt
,wat
an ст
рана,
родина

cour
age [
ˈ
kʌr
ɪʤ] bat
yrl
yk,
gaý
duwsy
zly
k храброст
ь

cousi
n [
'
kʌz(
ə)n] doganogl
an,
doganogl
angy
z двоюродныйбрат,ку
зен,
двоюроднаясест
ра,кузина

cow [
kau] sy
gyr корова

cr
aft
s [
krɑː
ft
] zähmetsapagy у
рокт
руда

cr
ease [
kri
ː
s] epi
n мят
аяскладка

cr
ocodi
l
e [
'
krɔkədaɪ
l] kr
okodi
l крокодил

cr
osst
hest
reet [
krɔsðəst
ri
ːt
] ý
olykesi
pgeçmek переходит
ьулицу

cr
ossi
ng [
'
krɔsɪ
ŋ] py
ýadal
arüçi
ngeçel
ge проходдляпешеходов

cr
owd [
kraud] mär
eke,
üýşmel
eň т
олпа,
скоплениелюдей

cucumber [
'
kjuː
kʌmbə] hy
ýar ог
урец

cul
tur
e [
'
kʌl
ʧə] medeni
ýet ку
льт
ура

cup [
kʌp] käse чашка

cur
ious [
ˈ
kjʊər
ɪəs] bi
l
esi
gel
i
ji любознат
ельный

cur
lyhai
r [
'
kɜː
l
ɪheə] buý
rasaç ку
рчавыеволосы

сer
eal [
'
sɪər
ɪəl
] pat
rak,
däne хлопья,
кру
па

Dd

dad [
dæd] kaka папа,
папочка

daf
fodi
l [
'
dæf
ədɪ
l] sar
yner
kesgül
i жёлт
ыйнарцисс
dai
ry [
ˈ
dɛər
ɪ] süý
tönüml
eri молочныепроду
кты

damp [
dæmp] çy
g,çy
gly влажный

dance [
dɑː
ns] t
ansoý
namak т
анцеват
ь

danger [
'
deɪ
nʤə] howp опасност
ь

dappl
e [
ˈ
dæpəl
] menekl
ihaý
wan пят
нист
оеживот
ное

dar
k [
dɑː
(r
)k] gar
aňky
,gar
a т
ёмный

dash [
dæʃ
] çal
tgi
tmek нест
ись

daught
er [
'
dɔː
tə(
r)] gy
zy дочь

day [
deɪ
] gün день,
сут
ки

December [
diˈ
sembər
] dеkabr декабрь

deci
sion [
dɪˈ
sɪ
ʒən] kar
ar,
çözgüt решение

decl
arat
ion [
ˌ
dekl
ə'
reɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] dekl
arasi
ýa,
jar
nama декларация

decompose [
ˌ
diː
kəm'
pəuz] er
emek,
dar
gamak раст
ворят
ься,
разлаг
аться

decor
ate [
'
dekəˌ
r
eɪt
] bezemek у
крашат
ь

decr
ease [
ˈ
diː
kri
ː
s] azal
ma,
pesel
me понижение

deep [
diː
p] çuň г
лубокий

def
ores
tat
ion [
dɪf
ɔːr
ɪˈ
st
eɪʃ
n] t
okaý
yňçapy
lmagy выру
бкалеса

del
i
cat
e [
ˈ
del
ɪkɪ
t] näzi
k,ý
umşak нежный,
тонкий,деликат
ный

dent
ist [
'
dent
ɪst
] di
şlukmany зу
бнойврач

depar
t [
dɪ'
pɑː
t] ugr
amak,
ýol
adüşmek от
правлят
ься

deposi
t [
dɪˈ
pɔzɪ
t] pul
goý
um банковскийвклад

deser
t [
'
dezət
] çöl пу
стыня

deser
ve [
dɪ'
zɜː
v] gazanmak,
mynasy
pbol
mak заслуживат
ь,быт
ьдост
ойным
чего-
л

desi
gner /
dɪˈ
zaɪ
nə/ di
zaý
ner дизайнер

desk [
desk] par
ta,
stol парт
а,письменныйст
ол

desser
t [
dɪ'
zɜː
t] deser
t,süý
jül
i
k десерт
,сладкое

dest
ruct
ion [
dɪsˈ
t
rʌkʃ
n] dar
gama разру
шение

dev
elop [
dɪ'
vel
əp] ösdür
mek,
kämi
l
leşdi
rmek развиват
ь,совершенст
воват
ь

di
ff
erent [
ˈ
dif
(ə)
rənt
] başga,
dür
li разный,
дру
гой

di
g [
dig] ý
erdеpmеk копат
ь,рыт
ь

di
mini
sh [
dɪˈ
mɪnɪ
ʃ] kemel
mek,
seý
rekl
emek у
меньшат
ь

di
nner [
'
dɪnə] agşaml
yknahar
y у
жин

di
rect
ion [
dɪ'
rekʃ
(ə)
n] ugur
,tar
ap направление,указание,
как
пройтику да-
либо
di
sabi
l
ity /
ˌdɪ
səˈ
bɪl
ɪt
i/ uky
psy
zly
k неспособност
ь

di
sappear [
dɪsəˈ
pɪə] ý
itmek,
ýokbol
mak исчезат
ь

di
sci
pli
ned /
ˈdɪ
sɪpl
ɪnd/ t
ert
ipl
i дисциплинированный

di
scov
ery [
dɪ'
skʌ
v(ə)
rɪ] açy
ş от
крыт
ие

di
sli
ke [
dɪs'
l
aɪk] hal
amazl
yk нелюбит
ь

di
spl
ayi
ng [
dɪ'
spl
eɪ] gör
kezme,
gör
kezi
l
me от
ображение,
показнаэкране

di
stance /
ˈdɪ
stəns/ ar
aly
k дист
анция

di
sti
ngui
sh /
dɪsˈ
t
ɪŋgwɪ
ʃ/ t
apawut
landy
rmak,
saý
gar
mak от
личат
ь

di
tch [
dɪʧ] ý
ap,
ary
k арык

di
ver
sif
y [
daɪ
ˈ
vɜː
sɪf
aɪ] dür
lül
i
k,üý
tgeşmegi
ri
zmek разнообразит
ь

di
vi
ded [
dɪ'
vaɪ
dɪd] böl
ünen разделённый

doct
or [
dɒkt
ə(r
)] l
ukman врач,
докт
ор

dog [
dɒg] i
t собака,
пёс

dol
l [
dɒl
] gur
jak ку
кла

dol
l
'spr
am [
dɒl
zpr
æm] gur
jagy
ňkol
ýaskasy коляскадляку
клы

dol
phi
n [
'
dɒl
fɪ
n] del
fi
n дельфин

dome [
dəʊm] gümmez ку
пол

domest
icat
ed [
dəmest
ɪˈ
keɪ
tɪd] el
deki
l
eşdi
ri
len приру
ченный

donkey [
'
dɒŋkɪ
] eşek осёл,
ослица

door [
dɔː
] gapy дверь

dowdy /
ˈdaʊdi
/ söl
i
te,
könebi
çüwl
igeý
inen неряшливо

dr
aw [
drɔː
] deňme-
deň ничья

dr
aw [
drɔː
] sur
atçekmek рисоват
ь

dr
ess [
dres] (
aýal
,gy
z)köý
nek (
женское)плат
ье

dr
ink [
drɪ
ŋk] i
çmek пит
ь

dr
ive [
draɪ
v] sür
mek водит
ь

dr
iver [
draɪ
v] sür
üji водит
ель,
шофёр

dr
ought [
draʊt
] gur
akçy
lyk засу
ха

dr
um [
drʌ
m] dеpr
еk барабан

duck [
dʌk] ör
dej
i
k у
тёнок

dune [
djuː
n] gum depej
i
kler
i,ger
işl
eri дюна

dur
ati
on [
djuə'
reɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] dowaml
yl
yk продолжит
ельност
ь

dut
y [
'
djuː
tɪ
] par
z,bor
ç долг
,обязат
ельст
во
 Ee

eagl
e [
'
iː
g(ə)
l] bür
güt орёл

ear
ly [
ˈ
ɜːl
ɪ] i
r,i
rki рано,
ранний

ear
phones [
'
ɪə(
r)f
əunz] nauşni
k нау
шники

East [
iː
st] gündogar вост
ок

eat [
iː
t] i
ýmek,
nahar
lanmak ест
ь,поедат
ь

ecol
ogy [
ɪˈ
kɔl
əʤɪ
] ekol
ogi
ýa эколог
ия

edi
tor
ial [
edɪ
ˈ
tɔː
rɪ
əl] r
edakt
ir
lenen редакционный

ef
fect /
ɪˈ
fɛkt
/ t
äsi
ret
mek воздейст
вие

ef
fi
ciency [
ɪˈ
fɪ
ʃnsɪ
] net
ij
eli
l
ik проду
ктивност
ь

ef
fi
cient [
ɪˈ
fɪ
ʃənt
] waj
yp,
möhüm важный

ef
for
t [
'
efət
] t
agal
l
a,zor у
силие

ef
for
t [
ˈ
efət
] t
agal
l
a у
силие

egg [
eg] ý
umur
tga яйцо

el
ect
roni
cdev
ice [
ˌ
elek'
tr
ɔnɪ
kdɪ
'v
aɪs] el
ekt
ri
kenj
amy элект
ронныйприбор,
элект
ронноеу
стройство

el
ect
roni
cs [
ɪl
ekˈ
t
rɔnɪ
ks] el
ekt
roni
ka элект
роника

el
egant /
ˈel
ɪgənt
/ gör
nükl
i
,nepi
s изящный

el
ephant [
ˈ
eləf
ənt
] pi
l слон

el
even [
ɪˈ
l
ev(
ə)n] onbi
r одиннадцат
ь

embl
em [
ˈ
embl
əm] t
ugr
a эмблема

emer
ge [
ɪˈ
mɜː
ʤ] dör
emek,
peý
dabol
mak появлят
ься

enabl
e /
ɪˈ
neɪ
bl/ mümki
nçi
l
ikber
mek дават
ьвозможност
ь

endow [
ɪn'
dau] goşantgoşmak делат
ьвклад

Engl
i
sh [
ˈ
ɪŋgl
ɪʃ
] i
ňli
s,i
ňli
sdi
l
i,i
ňli
sçе 1.анг
личанин,

2.анг
лийскийязык,

3.анг
лийский

enj
oy [
ɪnˈ
ʤɔɪ
] hezi
let
mek,
lezzetal
mak наслаждат
ься

enr
ich [
ɪnˈ
r
ɪtʃ
] baý
laşdy
rmak обог
ащат
ь

ent
erpr
ise [
ˈ
ent
əpr
aɪz] kär
hana,
edar
a,şer
eket предприят
ие

ent
ert
ainment [
ˌ
ent
ə't
eɪnmənt
] dy
nçal
yş,
güý
menj
e зрелище,
развлечение

ent
ert
ainment [
ent
əˈ
teɪ
nmənt
] güý
menj
e,hez
il
li
k развлечение

ent
husi
ast
ic [
ɪnθj
uː
zɪˈ
æst
ɪk] höwesl
i
,höwesj
eň восторженный,
полный
энту
зиазма
env
ironment [
ɪn'
vaɪ
rənmənt
] daşkygur
şaw окру
жающаясреда

env
ironment
al [
ɪnv
aɪr
ənˈ
ment
əl] daşkygur
şaw окру
жающаясреда

epi
thet [
ˈ
epɪ
θet
] epi
tet эпит
ет

equal [
'
iː
kwəl
] deň равный

equal
l
y [
'
iː
kwəl
ɪ] deň,
bir
meňzeş равно,
одинаково

equi
nox [
ˈ
iː
kwɪ
nɔks] gi
j
ebi
l
engündi
zi
ňdeňl
i
gi равноденст
вие

equi
pment [
ɪ'
kwɪ
pmənt
] abzal
l
ar,
enj
aml
ar обору
дование

er
osi
on [
ɪˈ
rəʊʒən] t
opr
agy
ňgur
amagy эрозия

essence [
ˈ
esəns] möhüm häsi
ýet важнаячерт
а

essent
ial [
ɪ'
senʃ
(ə)
l] möhüm,
waj
yp,
zer
ur важное,
необходимое,
главное

et
iquet
te /
ˈɛt
ɪkɛt
/ et
iket эт
икет

ev
eni
ng [
'
iː
vnɪ
ŋ] agşam вечером

ev
ery [
evr
i] hеrbi
r,hеr каждый,
всякий,
любой

ev
eryday [
ˈ
evr
ideɪ
] hеrgün каждыйдень

ev
ery
one [
ˈ
evr
iwʌ
n] herki
m,hemmel
er каждый,
все

ev
idence [
ˈ
evɪ
dəns] del
i
l,subut
nama,
şaý
atl
yk доказат
ельст
во

ev
olut
ion [
iː
vəˈ
l
uːʃ
n] ewol
ýusi
ýa эволюция

exami
ne [
ɪgˈ
zæmɪ
n] bar
lamak осмат
риват
ь

excel
l
ent [
ˈ
eksəl
ənt
] ör
änoňat оченьхорошо,
отлично

exchange /
ɪksˈ
ʧeɪ
nʤ/ al
yş-
çal
yş обмен

exci
ted [
ɪkˈ
saɪ
tɪd] t
olgunmak,
begenmek взволнован,
волноват
ься

exer
cise [
ˈ
eksəˌ
saɪ
z] gönükme у
пражнение

expansi
on /
ɪksˈ
pænʃ
ən/ gi
ňel
tme расширение

exper
ience [
ɪk'
spɪ
ərɪ
əns] i
ştej
ri
besi опытработ
ы

exper
iment [
ɪk'
sper
ɪmənt
] t
ejr
ibe опыт
,эксперимент

expor
ter [
ek'
spɔː
tə] ekspor
tedý
än экспорт
ёр

ext
end [
ɪkˈ
st
end] uzal
ypgi
tmek расширят
ься

ext
ended [
ɪk'
stendɪ
d] ul
y,ý
aýbaňl
andy
ryl
an большой,
расширенный

ext
ernal [
eksˈ
t
ɜːnl
] daşar
ky внешний

ext
inct
ion [
ɪksˈ
t
ɪŋkʃ
n] ý
itme,
ýokbol
ma вымирание

ext
remel
y [
ɪksˈ
t
riː
mlɪ
] ý
okar
yder
ejel
i чрезвычайно

ey
e [
aɪ] göz г
лаз

ey
ebr
ow [
ˈ
aɪbr
ou] gaş бровь

ey
egl
asses [
'
aɪgl
aː
sɪz] äý
nek очки
 Ff

f
aci
l
ity [
fə'
sɪl
ətɪ
] üpj
ünçi
l
ik,
enj
am,
esbap,
bina средстваобслу
живания,
удобст
ва,оборудование,
зданиe

f
acul
ty [
'
fæk(
ə)l
tɪ
] f
akul
tet факу
льт
ет

f
air [
feə] bazar
,ser
gi ярмарка,
выст
авка

f
air
yland [
ˈ
feər
il
ænd] er
teki
l
erdüný
äsi сказочнаяст
рана

f
ait
hful [
'
feɪ
θf(
ə)l
] wepal
y,dogr
uçy
l верный,
преданный,
чест
ный

f
ami
l
y [
'
fæməl
ɪ] maşgal
a семья

f
ami
l
ymember
s [
'
fæm(
ə)l
ɪ'membəz] maşgal
aagzal
ary членысемьи

f
amous [
'
feɪ
məs] meşhur знаменит
ый

f
ant
ast
ic [
fænˈ
t
æst
ɪk] aj
aýy
p,ör
ängowy причу
дливый

f
ant
asy [
'
fænt
əsɪ
] f
ant
ast
ika(
edebi
žanr
) фэнт
ези(
лит
ерат
урный

жанр)

f
ar [
fa:
(r
)] uzak,
daş далёкий

f
are [
feə] ý
olt
ölegi плат
азапроезд

f
arm [
faː
m] f
erma ферма

f
asci
nat
ing [
'
fæsɪ
neɪ
tɪŋ] haý
rangal
dyr
yjy
,gy
zykl
y захват
ывающий,
пленительный

f
ashi
onabl
e /
ˈf
æʃnəbl
/ döwr
ebapbi
çüwl
i модный

f
ast [
fɑː
st,
fæst
] ý
yndam,
çal
asy
n быст
рый,
скорый

f
ast
-f
ood [
ˌ
fɑː
st'
fuː
d] t
izt
aýy
nlaný
ani
ými
t относящийсякбыст
рому
питанию,фаст
фуд

f
at [
fæt
] semi
z,çi
şik,
pökgi т
олст
ый

f
ather [
'
fɑː
ðə] kaka от
ец

f
avour
it
e [
'
feɪ
v(ə)
rɪt
] hasgowygör
ülý
än,
hal
aný
an любимый

f
east [
fi
ːst
] baý
ramçy
lyksaçagy
,toýsaçagy банкет

Febr
uar
y [
'
febr
u(ə)
rɪ] f
еwr
al февраль

f
eed [
fi
ːd] nahar
lamak кормит
ь

f
err
y [
'
fer
ɪ] par
om,
ulygämi паром

f
ert
il
e [
ˈ
fɜː
taɪ
l] hasy
ll
y,baýt
opr
ak плодородный

f
est
ive [
ˈ
fest
ɪv] baý
ramçy
lyk праздничный

f
est
iveev
ent
s [
'
fest
ɪvɪ
'v
ent
s] baý
ramçy
lykl
ar праздничныесобыт
ия

f
ict
ion [
'
fɪkʃ
ən] çeperedebi
ýat ху
дожест
веннаялит
ерат
ура
f
iel
d [
fi
ːl
d] mеý
dan,
eki
nmеý
dany поле,
луг

f
il
m [
fɪ
lm] f
il
m,ki
no фильм

f
inal
l
y [
'
faɪ
nəl
ɪ] i
ňsoňunda,
ahy
rynda вконцеконцов

f
ind [
faɪ
nd] t
apmak находит
ь

f
ine [
faɪ
n] ör
änoňat
,gat
ygowy прекрасный,
превосходный

f
inger [
fɪ
ŋgə] bar
mak палец(
нару
ке)

f
inger
pri
nt [
ˈ
fɪŋgəpr
ɪnt
] bar
maky
zy от
печат
окпальца

f
ini
sh [
'
fɪnɪ
ʃ] gut
armak,
jeml
emek заканчиват
ь,завершат
ь

f
irt
ree [
ˈ
fɜː
(r
)tr
iː
] ar
ça ёлка

f
ir
eman [
'
faɪ
əmən] ý
angy
nsöndür
ij
iadam пожарник

f
ir
ewor
k [
'
faɪ
əwɜː
k] f
eýer
wer
k фейерверк,
салют

f
ir
st [
fɜː
st] bi
ri
nji первый

f
ir
stf
loor [
fɜː
stf
lɔː
] bi
ri
nji
gat первыйэт
аж

f
ish [
fɪ
ʃ] bal
yk рыба

f
isher
man [
'
fɪʃ
əmən] bal
ykçy рыбак

f
ishi
ng [
'
fɪʃ
ɪŋ] bal
ykt
utmak рыбалка

f
it
ti
ngr
oom [
'
fɪt
ɪŋr
uːm] egin-eşi
kgeý
li
pgör
ülý
änot
ag, примерочная
kabina

f
ive [
faɪ
v] bäş пят
ь

f
lag [
fl
æg] baý
dak флаг

Fl
agDay [
'
flægˌ
deɪ
] Baý
dakbaý
ramy Деньфлаг
а

f
li
ghtat
tendant [
fl
aɪtə'
tendənt
] uçarbi
kesi ст
юардесса

f
loat
ing [
'
fləut
ɪŋ] ý
üzý
än плавающий,
плаву
чий

f
lood [
fl
ʌd] suwj
oşma,
sil наводнение

f
low [
fl
əu] (
suwbar
ada)akmak ст
руит
ься,
течь

f
lowi
nto [
fl
əu'
ɪnt
ə] guý
mak(
der
ýabar
ada) впадат
ь(ореке)

f
lower [
'
flauə] gül цвет
ок

f
lu [
fl
uː] dümew г
рипп

f
ly [
fl
aɪ] uçmak лет
ать,
пролет
ать

f
olkband [
fəuk,
bænd] mi
l
lit
anst
opar
y народныйансамбль

f
olkl
ore [
'
fəukl
ɔː
] hal
kdör
edi
j
il
igi фольклор

f
ood [
fuː
d] nahar
,iý
mit пища,
еда

f
oodcour
t [
fuː
dkɔː
(r
)t] gar
bany
şhana ресторанбыстрого
обслуживания,заку
сочная

f
oot [
fut
] daban ст
упня
f
oot
bal
l [
'
fut
bɔː
l
] 1)fut
bol
pökgüsi
,2)f
utbol 1)фу
тбольныймяч,
2)фу
тбол
(oý
un)

f
orehead [
'
fɔ:
(r
)hed,
'f
ɔrɪ
d] maňl
aý лоб

f
orest [
'
fɔr
ɪst
] t
okaý лес

f
orm [
fɔː
m] kl
as класс

f
ormal /
ˈf
ɔːməl
/ r
esmi официальный

f
ormat
ion [
fɔː
'
meɪ
ʃ(ə)
n]] emel
egel
me,
şeki
l
egel
me создание;
формирование

f
ormul
ate [
'
fɔː
mjul
eɪt
] i
şläpt
aýý
arl
amak разрабат
ыват
ь

f
ort
ress [
ˈ
fɔː
tr
ɪs] gal
a крепост
ь

f
ort
y [
'
fɔː
tɪ
] ky
rk сорок

f
oul [
faul
] spor
tdadüzgüni
bozma,
fol нару
шениеправил,
игры,
фол

f
ound [
faund] düý
büni
tut
mak основыват
ь

f
ounder [
ˈ
faʊndə] esasl
andy
ryj
y основат
ель

f
ount
ain [
'
faunt
ɪn] suwçüwdür
imi фонт
ан

f
our [
fɔː
] dör
t чет
ыре

f
our
teen [
ˌ
fɔː
'
ti
ːn] ondör
t чет
ырнадцат
ь

f
ox [
fɔks] t
il
ki лиса

f
rank [
fr
æŋk] dogr
uçy
l,açy
k искренний

f
reet
ime [
'
fri
ːtaɪ
m] boşwagt свободноевремя

Fr
iday [
'
fraɪ
deɪ
] anna(
hеpdäni
ňbäşi
nji
güni
) пят
ница

f
ri
dge [
fr
ɪʤ] doňdur
yjy
,hol
odi
l
nik морозильник,
холодильник

f
ri
ed [
fr
aɪd] gowr
ulan жареный

f
ri
end [
fr
end] dost
,jor
a дру
г,подру
га

f
ri
endi
nneed [
fr
endi
nni
ː
d] çy
ndost наст
оящийдру
г

f
ri
endl
y [
'
frendl
ɪ] dost
lukl
y дру
желюбный

f
rui
tf
ul [
ˈ
fruː
tf
ʊl] net
ij
eli плодот
ворный

f
rui
ts [
fr
uːt
s] mi
wel
er фру
кты

f
un [
fʌn] hezi
l
li
k,şady
ýanl
yk веселье,
забава

f
unct
ion [
'
fʌŋkʃ
(ə)
n] i
şlemek работ
ать

f
unny [
'
fʌnɪ
] gül
kül
i
,gül
künç забавный,
смешной

Gg

gabar
dine /
ˈgæbədi
ː
n/ gabar
din(
mat
aňady
) г
абардин

gadget [
'
gæʤɪ
t] esbap приспособление,
уст
ройст
во
gal
l
ery [
'
gæl
(ə)
rɪ] gal
ereý
a г
алерея

game [
geɪ
m] oý
un иг
ра

gar
bage [
ˈ
gɑː
bɪʤ] zi
r-
zibi
l
,zy
ňyndy му
сор

gar
den [
'
gɑː
d(ə)
n] bag,
mel
l
ek ог
ород,
сад

gar
li
c [
'
gɑː
l
ɪk] sar
ymsak чеснок

gas [
gæs] gaz г
аз

gat
her [
'
gæðə] üý
şmek,
ýygnanmak собират
ься

gazel
l
e [
gə'
zel
] keý
ik г
азель

geese [
giː
s] gazl
ar,
“goose”sözüni
ňköpl
ügi г
уси,
мн.ч.от“
goose”

gener
ati
on [
ʤenəˈ
r
eɪʃ
n] nesi
l поколение

gener
ous [
'
ʤen(
ə)r
əs] sahy
,jomar
t щедрый,
великоду
шный

geni
us [
'
ʤiː
nɪəs] zehi
nli
adam г
ений

genr
e [
ʒɑː
ŋr] žanr жанр

Ger
many [
'
ʤɜː
mənɪ
] Ger
mani
ýa Германия

gest
ure /
ˈʤɛsʧə/ her
eket
,üm жест

getup [
getʌ
p] t
urmak вст
ават
ь(послесна)

gi
ft [
gɪf
t] sowgat подарок

gi
raf
fe [
ʤɪ'
rɑː
f] ži
raf жираф

gi
rl [
gɜː
l
] gy
z деву
шка

gi
ve [
gɪv
] bеr
mеk дат
ь,подат
ь

gl
aci
al [
'
gleɪ
sɪəl
] buzl
y ледниковый

gl
ade [
ɡleɪ
d] t
ypanj
ak скользкий

gl
ass [
glɑː
s] st
akan,
bul
gur ст
акан

gl
i
mpse [
ɡlɪ
mps] gözaý
lamak,
ser
etmek бег
лыйвзг
ляд

gl
obal [
ˈ
gləʊbəl
] gl
obal
,düný
äder
ejesi
nde всемирный

gl
ori
fy [
ˈ
glɔː
rɪ
faɪ
d] gül
l
äpösdür
mek прославлят
ь

gl
ove [
glʌ
v] el
l
ik перчат
ка

go [
gəu] gi
tmеk идт
и,ехат
ь

gof
orawal
k [
gəuf
ɔː(
r)əwɔː
k] gezel
enj
eçy
kmak,
seý
leçy
kmak идт
инапрог
улку

goal [
gəul
] ut
uk очко

goat [
gəut
] geçi козёл,
коза

gol
den [
'
gəul
d(ə)
n] al
tyn,
alt
yndaný
asal
an золот
ой,
сделанныйиззолот
а

gol
dsmi
th [
'
gəul
dsmɪ
θ] zer
gär ювелир

good [
gud] gowy
,oňat
,ýagşy хороший,добрый,
доброжелательный
goodmar
ks [
gudmɑː
ks] oňatbahal
ar хорошиеоценки

Goodmor
ning! [
gud'
mɔː
nɪŋ] Sal
am!(günor
tanaçеnl
i Доброеу
тро!
ul
anyl
ýar)

goose [
guː
s] gaz(
guş) г
усь,
гусыня

gour
met [
ˈ
ɡɔː
meɪ
] ý
okar
yhi
l
lii
ými
t превосходноекачест
воедыи
питья

gr
acef
ul [
'
greɪ
sf(
ə)l
] owadan,
ajaý
yp,
nepi
s красивый

gr
ade [
greɪ
d] 1.sy
np 1.класс,
(годобу
ченияв
школе)
2.baha
2.от
мет
ка,
оценка

gr
and [
grænd] ul
y,ägi
rt
,äpet большой,
грандиозный

gr
andchi
l
dren [
'
græn(
d)ʧɪ
ldr
(ə)
n] agt
ykl
ar вну
ки

gr
anddaught
er [
'
græn(
d)ˌ
dɔː
tə] gy
zagt
yk вну
чка

gr
andf
ather [
'
græn(
d)ˌ
f
ɑːðə] at
a,baba деду
шка

Gr
andf
atherFr
ost [
'
græn(
d)ˌ
f
ɑːðəf
rɔst
] Aý
azbaba ДедМороз

gr
andma [
'
græn(
d)mɑː
] ene,
mama бабу
шка

gr
andmot
her [
'
græn(
d)ˌ
mʌðə] ene,
mama бабу
шка

gr
andpa [
'
græn(
d)pɑː
] at
a,baba деду
шка

gr
andpar
ent
s [
'
græn(
d)ˌ
peər
(ə)
nts] at
a-ene деду
шкаибабу
шка

gr
andson [
'
græn(
d)sʌ
n] ogul
agt
yk вну
к

gr
anny [
'
grænɪ
] ene,
mama бабу
шка

gr
apes [
greɪ
ps] üzüm виног
рад

gr
ass [
grɑː
s] ot т
рава

gr
avi
tat
ion [
ˌ
græv
ɪ'
teɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] gr
awi
tasi
ýa,
dar
tyşgüý
ji гравитация,
силат
яжест
и,
притяжение

gr
aze [
greɪ
z] mal
l
arybakmak паст
искот

gr
eat [
greɪ
t] ul
y большой

gr
een [
gri
ː
n] ý
aşy
l зелёный

gr
eet
ingcar
d [
'
gri
ː
tɪŋkɑː
d] gut
lagot
kry
tkasy поздравит
ельнаяот
крыт
ка

gr
ey [
greɪ
] çal серыйцвет

gr
iev
ance [
ˈ
gri
ː
vəns] öý
ke-
kine обида

gr
ocer
ies [
'
grəʊs(
ə)r
ɪ] azy
khar
ytl
ary продовольст
венныет
овары

gr
oomed [
ɡrʊmd] ý
uwup-
art
ylan,
innel
ýän у
хоженный

guar
ant
ee [
ˌ
gær
(ə)
n't
iː
] kepi
lber
mek дават
ьгарант
ию,
обязат
ься

guess [
ges] bi
l
mek,
tapmak от
гадат
ь

gui
debook [
'
gaɪ
dbuk] ý
olgör
kezi
j
iki
tapça пу
теводит
ель
gui
tar [
gɪ'
tɑː
] gi
tar
a г
итара

gy
m [
ʤɪm] spor
tzal
y спорт
зал

gy
mnast
ics [
dʒɪ
m'næst
ɪks] gi
mnast
ika г
имнаст
ика

Hh

hai
r [
heə] saç волосы

hai
rdr
esser [
'
heəˌ
dresə] ser
tar
aş парикмахер

hal
l [
hɔː
l
] kor
idor
,däl
i
z,zal коридор,
зал,
холл

hand [
hænd] el ру
ка

handsome [
'
hænsəm] gör
megeý
,sy
rat
ly красивый,
стат
ный

happy [
'
hæpɪ
] bagt
ly,
şady
ýan счаст
ливый,
весёлый

HappyNewYear
! [
'
hæpɪnj
uːj
ɪə] Täzеýyl
baýramy ň(
yz)gut
ly ПоздравляюсНовымг
одом!
(mübär
еk)bolsun!

har
d [
hɑː
d] gat
y т
вёрдый

har
mony [
ˈ
hɑː
mənɪ
] sazl
aşy
k г
армония

har
mony [
'
hɑː
mənɪ
] sazl
aşy
k,ut
gaşy
k г
армония

hav
ebr
eakf
ast [
hæv'
brekf
əst
] er
ti
rl
iknaharedi
nmеk завт
ракат
ь

hav
edi
nner [
hæv'
dɪnə] agşaml
yknaharedi
nmеk у
жинат
ь

hav
efun [
hæv'
fʌn] şat
lanmak веселит
ься

hav
elunch [
hævl
ʌnʧ] (
günor
tan)naharedi
nmek обедат
ь

hav
esupper [
hæv'
sʌpə] agşaml
yknaharedi
nmеk у
жинат
ь

hav
etea [
hævt
iː
] çaýi
çmek пит
ьчай

hay [
heɪ
] saman сено

hay [
heɪ
] saman сено

head [
hed] kel
l
e,baş г
олова

headt
eacher [
,
hed'
t
iː
tʃ
ə] sy
npý
olbaşçy классныйру
ководит
ель

heal
i
ng [
ˈ
hiː
l
ɪŋ] bej
ergi выздоровление

heal
th [
hel
θ] sagl
yk здоровье

heal
thy [
'
hel
θɪ] sagdy
n здоровый

hear [
hɪə] eşi
tmek слышат
ь

hel
i
copt
er [
'
hel
ɪkɔpt
ə] di
kuçar верт
олёт

hel
l
o! [
'
he'
l
əu] Sal
am! здравст
вуй(
те)
!,привет
!

hel
p [
hel
p] kömеket
mеk,
kömеkl
еşmеk помог
ать

hen [
hen] t
owuk ку
рица
her
o [
ˈ
hɪər
əʊ] gahr
yman г
ерой

hi
de [
haɪ
d] gi
zl
enmek,
gizl
emek прят
аться,
прят
ать

hi
de-
and-
seek [
haɪ
dəndsi
ː
k] gi
zl
enpeçek иг
равпрят
ки

hi
gh [
haɪ
] bel
ent высокий

hi
ghl
y-
mot
ivat
ed [
ˈ
haɪ
lɪ
ˈməʊt
ɪveɪ
tɪd] ör
änhöwesj
eňbol
mak высокомот
ивированный

hi
ki
ng [
'
haɪ
kɪŋ] gezel
ençet
mek ходит
ьвпоход

hi
l
l [
hɪl
] baý
yr холм

hi
nt [
hɪnt
] gönükdi
rme,
kömeket
me подсказка

hi
stor
y [
'
hɪst
(ə)
rɪ] t
ary
h ист
ория

hi
tabal
l [
hɪtəbɔː
l
] t
opydepmek у
дарит
ьпомячу

hi
tch-
hiki
ng [
'
hɪʧhaɪ
kɪŋ] ul
agdamugtgi
tmek ехатьбесплатнопроезжим
транспортом

hol
i
day [
'
hɔl
ədeɪ
] baý
ram(
çyl
yk)
,baý
ram güni праздник,
деньот
дыха

home [
həum] öý дом,
жилище

homemadef
ood [
'
həumˌ
meɪ
d] öý
deel
i
nbi
şir
il
ennahar домашняяеда

homemaker [
'
həumˌ
meɪ
kə] öýbi
kesi хозяйкадома

homewor
k [
'
həumwɜː
k] öýi
şi домашнеезадание

honest [
'
ɒnɪ
st] dogr
uçy
l чест
ный

honor [
'
ɒnə] abr
aý чест
ь

hope [
həup] umy
tet
mek надеят
ься

hopscot
ch [
'
hɔpskɔʧ] kl
asoý
ny классики(
дет
скаяиг
ра)

hor
ror [
ˈ
hɔr
ə] gor
kunç у
жасный

hor
se [
hɔː
s] at
,gy
lýal конь,
лошадь

hor
ser
aces [
hɔː
s'r
eɪsɪ
z] atçapy
şygy скачки

hor
ser
ide [
hɔː
sraɪ
d] atçapmak верховаяезда

hospi
tal [
'
hɔspɪ
t(ə)
l] hassahana больница

host [
həust
l] öýeý
esi хозяиндома

host
/host
ess [
həust
/həust
ɪs] öýeý esi
(er
kekadam)/öýeý
esi хозяин/хозяйка
(zenan)

hot [
hɔt
] y
ssy
,gy
zgy
n г
орячий,
жаркий,
накаленный

hot
el [
həu'
tel
] my
hmanhana г
ост
иница,
отель

house [
haus] j
aý дом,
жилище

howmany [
hau:
'menɪ
] näçе(
sanapbol
ýanat
larbi
l
еn сколько?(
использу
етсяс
ul
anyl
ýar
) исчислимыми
существит
ельными)

howmuch [
hau:
'mʌ
ʧ] näçе(
sanapbol
maý
anat
larbi
l
еn сколько?(использу
етсяс
ul
anyl
ýar
) неисчисляемыми
 су
щест
вит
ельными)

hug [
hʌg] guj
akl
amak крепкообнимат
ь

hunt [
hʌnt
] awl
amak охот
иться

husbandr
y [
ˈ
hʌzbəndr
ɪ] hoj
aly
kişl
eri хозяйст
во

hy
giene [
ˈ
haɪ
dʒi
ː
n] gi
giý
ena г
игиена

I
i

I [
aɪ] mеn я

i
ce [
aɪs] buz лёд

i
cehockeyst
ick [
aɪs'
hɔkɪst
ɪk] hokkeýkl
ýuşkasy клюшка(
дляиг
рывхоккей)

i
ce-
cream [
'
aɪskr
iː
m] buzgaý
mak мороженое

i
ce-
hockey [
'
aɪs'
hɔkɪ
] hokkeý хоккей

i
ce-
skat
ing [
'
aɪsskeɪ
tɪŋ] buzdat
ypmakspor
ty кат
аниенаконьках

i
coni
c [
aɪˈ
kɔnɪ
k] i
ňaj
aýy
p знаковый

I
'
m sor
ry [
aɪm'
sɔr
ɪ] Bagy
şla(
ň) извинит
е,прост
ите

i
mpact /
ˈɪ
mpækt
/ t
äsi
ret
mek,
täsi
r импу
льс

i
mpor
tant [
'
ɪmpɔː
tənt
] waj
yp,
ähmi
ýet
li важный

i
mpr
essi
on [
ɪm'
preʃ
(ə)
n] t
äsi
r впечат
ление

i
mpr
ove [
ɪm'
pruː
v] gowul
andy
rmak,
kämi
l
leşdi
rmek у
лучшат
ь,совершенст
воват
ь

i
n [
ɪn] i
çindе,
-da/
-dе вну
три,
в,на

i
naut
umn güý
zdе осенью

i
nchar
geof [
ɪnʧɑː
ʤ əv
] bi
rzadaj
ogapkär от
вет
ственныйзачт
о-либо

i
nfr
ontof [
in'
fr
ʌntəv
] öňi
,öňt
arapy перед,
впереди

i
nhonorof [
ɪn'
ɒnəəv
] my
nasy
bet
li
,hat
yrasy
na вчест
ь

i
nneed ger
ekbol
anda вну
жде

i
ntheai
r asmanda,
gökdе навозду
хе,
ввозду
хе

i
nthemor
ning [
inðə'
mɔː
nɪŋ] er
ti
rir
dеn,
ert
ir
inе у
тром

i
ndust
ry [
ˈ
ɪndəst
rɪ] senagat промышленност
ь

i
nnocent [
ˈ
ɪnəsənt
] bi
günä невинный

i
nsi
de [
ˌ
ɪn'
saɪ
d] i
çinde находящийсявну
три

i
nspi
rat
ion [
ˌ
ɪnsp(
ə)'
reɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] y
lham вдохновение

i
ntegr
al /
ˈɪ
ntɪ
grəl
/ büt
ewi целый

i
ntel
l
ect
ual [
ˌ
ɪnt
(ə)
'l
ekʧuəl
] aňl
y,aky
ll
y мыслительный,
инт
еллектуальный
i
ntel
l
igent [
ɪn'
tel
ɪʤ(
ə)nt
] aky
ll
y,düşbi
,üşükl
i у
мный,
сообразит
ельный

i
ntensi
ve [
ɪnˈ
t
ensɪ
v] çuňňur инт
енсивный

i
nter
act /
ˌɪ
ntər
ˈ
ækt
/ ar
agat
naşy
ksakl
amak взаимодейст
воват
ь

i
nter
act
ion [
ɪnt
ərˈ
ækʃ
ən] özar
agat
naşy
k взаимодейст
вие

i
nter
fer
ence [
ɪnt
əˈ
fɪ
ərəns] goşul
ma,
gat
yşma вмешат
ельст
во

i
nvent
ion [
ɪn'
venʃ
(ə)
n] açy
ş,oý
lany
ptapy
lanzat изобрет
ение

i
nvest
ment [
ɪnˈ
vest
mənt
] maý
agoý
um инвест
иция

i
nvi
gor
ati
ng [
ɪnv
ɪgər
eɪt
ɪŋ] şy
pal
y живит
ельный

i
nvol
ve [
ɪnˈ
vɔl
v] özi
çineal
mak включат
ь

i
ron [
ˈ
aɪən] demi
r железо

i
rr
igat
ion [
ɪr
ɪˈ
geɪ
ʃn] suwar
mak орошение

i
sland [
ˈ
iː
sl
and] ada ост
ров

Jj

j
acket [
'
ʤækɪ
t] kel
tekçe,
žaket ку
ртка,
жакет

j
am [
ʤæm] mür
epbe,
jem варенье,
джем

Januar
y [
'
ʤænj
u(ə)
rɪ] ý
anwar январь

Japan [
ʤə'
pæn] Ýaponi
ýa Япония

Japanese [
ˌ
dʒæpə'
ni
ːz] ý
apon,
ýaponi
ýal
y японский,
японец,
японка

j
ar [
ʤɑː
] küý
ze;
банка ку
вшин

j
eans [
ʤiː
nz] j
i
nsi джинсы

j
et [
ʤet
] r
eakt
iwuçar реакт
ивныйсамолёт

j
ewel
ry [
'
ʤuː
əl
rɪ
] şaý
-sepl
er драгоценност
и,ювелирные
изделия

j
i
ngl
e [
'
ʤɪŋgl
] j
yňňy
rdamak звенет
ь

j
ockey [
'
ʤɔkɪ
] çapy
ksuwar жокей

j
oin [
ʤɔɪ
n] goşul
mak присоединят
ься

j
uice [
ʤuː
s] mi
wesuwy сок

Jul
y [
ʤu'
l
aɪ] i
ýul июль

j
ump [
ʤʌmp] bökmek прыг
ать

j
umpr
ope [
ʤʌmpr
əup] ý
üpt
owusmak прыг
атьчерезскакалку

j
umper [
'
ʤʌmpə] j
emper джемпер

June [
ʤuː
n] i
ýun июнь
 Kk

kangar
oo [
ˌ
kæŋg(
ə)'
ruː
] kengur
u кенг
уру

keenon [
kiː
nɔn] bi
rzatbi
l
engy
zykl
anmak у
влекат
ься

khaki /
ˈkɑː
ki
/ haki
reňk,
har
bygeý
im хаки

ki
ckabal
l [
kɪkəbɔː
l
] t
opdepmek бит
ьпомячу

ki
d [
kɪd] 1.owl
ak 2.çagaj
yk 1.козлёнок,2.ребенок

ki
nd [
kaɪ
nd] r
ehi
mli
,açy
kgöwünl
i добрый,
любезный

ki
ndness /
ˈkaɪ
ndnɪ
s/ my
lakat
lyl
yk доброт
а

ki
ng [
kɪŋ] şa король

ki
ss [
kɪs] ogşamak,
öpmek поцеловат
ь

ki
tchen [
'
kɪʧɪ
n] aşhana ку
хня

ki
te [
kaɪ
t] bat
bör
еk,
uçur
ylý
ankagy
z,uçar воздушныйзмей,верхний
летучийпару
с,самолёт

ki
tt
en [
'
kɪt
(ə)
n] pi
şikçagasy кот
ёнок

knee [
niː
] dy
z колено

knew [
njuː
] “t
oknow”(bi
l
mеk)i
şli
gini
ňöt
еn формапрошедшеговремени
zamanfor
masy глаг
ола“t
oknow”

kni
t /
nɪt
/ ör
mek вязат
ь,т
рикот
аж

knock [
nɒk] kakmak ст
учат
ь,барабанит
ь

know [
nəu] bi
l
mеk знат
ь

Ll

l
aconi
c [
lə'
kɔnɪ
k] azsözl
i лаконичный;
немног
ословный

l
ake [
leɪ
k] köl озеро

l
amb [
læm] guzy яг
нёнок

l
andscape [
'
læn(
d)skeɪ
p] peý
zaž пейзаж

l
anguage [
'
læŋgwɪ
ʤ] di
l язык

l
anguagel
ab [
'
læŋgwɪ
ʤlæb] l
i
ngaf
onot
agy линг
афонныйкласс

l
apt
op [
'
læpt
ɔp] l
ept
op,
eldegöt
eri
l
ýänkompý
uter лэпт
оп,небольшой
порт
ативныйкомпьют
ер

l
arge [
lɑː
ʤ] ul
y большой,
кру
пный

l
ast [
lɑː
st] 1.soňky 1)последний

2.öt
еn,
gеçеn 2)прошлый,
недавний
l
astSunday [
lɑː
st'
sʌndeɪ
] öt
еn(
gеçеn)ý
ekşеnbеgüni впрошлоевоскресенье

l
augh [
lɑː
f] gül
mek смеят
ься

l
ayf
lower
s [
leɪ'
fl
auə(
r)z] gül
goý
mak возлаг
атьцвет
ы

l
eaf [
li
ː
f] ý
apr
ak лист
,лист
ва

l
ear
n [
lɜː
n] öwr
еnmеk нау
чит
ься

l
eat
her [
'
leðə] der
idený
asal
anönüm кожанноеизделие

l
eat
her [
ˈ
leðə] der
i кожа

l
eek [
li
ː
k] por
eýsogany лу
к-порей

l
eg [
leg] aý
ak ног
а

l
egal [
ˈ
li
ːgəl
] kanuny юридический

l
egend [
ˈ
leʤənd] r
owaý
at лег
енда

l
eisur
e [
'
leʒə] boşwagt
,işdenboşwagt досу
г,свободноевремя

l
eisur
e [
ˈ
leʒə] dy
nçal
yşwagt
y досу
г

l
emon [
'
lemən] l
i
mon лимон

l
emonade [
ˌ
lemə'
neɪ
d] l
i
monad лимонад

l
eopar
d [
'
lepəd] al
ajagapl
aň леопард

l
esson [
'
les(
ə)n] sapak у
рок

l
etus(
let
's) [
letʌ
s(l
ets)
] gеl
i
ň давай(
те)

l
ett
er [
'
let
ə] hat письмо

l
i
brar
ian [
laɪ
'br
eər
ɪən] ki
taphanaçy библиот
екарь

l
i
brar
y [
'
laɪ
br(
ə)r
ɪ] ki
taphana библиот
ека

l
i
cence [
ˈ
laɪ
səns] y
gty
ýar
nama лицензия

l
i
ke [
laɪ
k] gowygör
mеk,
hal
amak любит
ь,нравит
ься

l
i
nk [
lɪ
ŋk] bi
rl
eşdi
rme соединение

l
i
nkup [
lɪ
ŋkʌ
p] bagl
any
şdy
rmak сцеплят
ь

l
i
on [
'
laɪ
ən] ý
olbar
s лев

l
i
p [
lɪ
p] dodak г
уба

l
i
ter
atur
e [
'
lɪt
(ə)
rəʧə] edebi
ýat лит
ерат
ура

l
i
ttl
e [
'
lɪt
l] ki
çi маленький

l
i
ve [
lɪ
v] ý
aşamak жит
ь

l
i
vel
y [
'
laɪ
vlɪ
] i
şjeň акт
ивный

l
i
vingr
oom [
'
lɪv
ɪŋˌ
r
um] my
hmanj
aýy г
ост
иная

l
ong [
lɔŋ] uzy
n длинный
l
ongj
ump [
lɔŋʤʌ
mp] uzy
nly
gynabökmek прыжкивдлину

l
ookat [
lukæt
] sеr
еtmеk смот
рет
ь

l
ookf
or [
lukf
ɔː] gözl
emek искат
ь

l
ookl
i
ke [
lukl
aɪk] meňzemek быт
ьпохожим

l
oot [
luː
t] ol
j
a добыча,
наг
рабленноедобро

l
ove [
lʌ
v] söý
mеk любит
ь

l
ovel
y [
'
lʌv
lɪ] owadan красивый

l
ow [
ləʊ] pes низкий

l
oyal [
'
lɔɪ
əl] wepal
y верный,
преданный

l
unch [
lʌ
nʧ] günor
tannahar
y обед

l
unchbox [
lʌ
nʧbɔks] nahargöt
eri
l
ýängap конт
ейнердляеды

Mm

magazi
ne [
ˌ
mægə'
zi
ːn] žur
nal (
периодический)жу
рнал

magi
cfai
ry [
'
mæʤɪ
k'f
eər
ɪ] j
ady
lyper
i волшебница

mai
n [
meɪ
n] esasy основной

mai
ncour
se [
meɪ
nkɔː
s] esasynahar
,gy
zgy
nnahar основноеблюдо,
горячее

mai
ntai
n /
meɪ
nˈt
eɪn/ gol
damak поддерживат
ь

maj
or [
'
meɪ
ʤə] möhüm,
waj
yp,
ähmi
ýet
li болееважный,
главный

maj
or [
ˈ
meɪ
dʒə] esasy г
лавный

makeawi
sh [
meɪ
kəwɪ
ʃ] ar
zuwet
mek заг
адат
ьжелание

manage [
'
mænɪ
ʤ] dol
andy
rmak, ру
ководит
ь,у
правлят
ь

ý
olbaşçy
lyket
mek

managementoft
ime [
ˈ
mænɪ
ʤməntəvt
aɪm] wagt
yňydol
andy
rma у
правлениевременем

manner [
'
mænə] gy
lyk-
häsi
ýet
, манера,
поведение

özüňi
aly
pbar
ma

manner
s /
ˈmænəz/ edep-
ekr
mly
lyk,
ter
ti
p-düzgün манераповедения

manuf
act
ory [
mænj
ʊˈ
fækt
ərɪ
] önümçi
l
ik производст
во

manuf
act
ure [
ˌ
mænj
u'
fækʧə] önümçi
l
ik производст
во

many [
'
menɪ
] köp(
sanapbol
ýanat
larbi
l
еn много(употребляет
сят
олькос
ul
any
lýar
) исчисляемыми
существительными)

map [
mæp] kar
ta карт
а
mar
ble [
mɑː
bl] mer
mer мрамор

mar
ch [
mɑː
ʧ] aý
akdüzüpgi
tmеk маршироват
ь

Mar
ch [
mɑː
ʧ] mar
t март

mar
it
ime(
weat
her
) [
'
mær
ɪtaɪ
m] deňi
z(howa) морской(
климат
)

mar
k [
mɑː
k] bel
l
iket
mek от
мечат
ь

mar
ket [
'
mɑː
kɪt
] bazar рынок

mascot [
'
mæskət
] ny
şan т
алисман

mast
erpi
ece [
ˈ
mɑː
stəpi
ː
s] nepi
s,ussat
lykbi
l
enedi
l
eni
ş шедевр

mat
h [
mæθ] mat
emat
ika мат
емат
ика

mausol
eum [
mɔː
səˈ
l
ɪəm] gümmez
,mawzol
eý мавзолей

May [
meɪ
] maý май

may [
meɪ
] mümki
n,bol
ar можно,может(выражает
разрешение,
возможност
ь)

meal [
miː
l
] i
ými
t еда

meani
ng [
'
miː
nɪŋ] many значение,
смысл

meat [
miː
t] et мясо

medi
a [
'
miː
dɪə] köpçül
ikleýi
nhabarber
iş средст
вамассовой
seri
şdeleri информации

medi
eval [
medɪ
ˈ
iː
vəl
] or
taasy
r средневековый

medi
um [
'
miː
dɪəm] or
taöl
çeg среднийразмер

medi
um hei
ght [
'
miː
dɪəm haɪ
t] or
taboý
ly среднег
орост
а

meet [
miː
t] duşmak,
gar
şyl
amak вст
речат
ь

mel
on [
'
mel
ən] gawun дыня

mel
t [
mel
t] er
emek т
аят
ь

mel
ti
ng [
'
mel
tɪ
ŋ] er
eme т
аяние

memor
ial [
mə'
mɔː
rɪ
əl] ý
ady
gär
li
k памят
ник,
мемориал

ment
al [
'
ment
(ə)
l] aky
ltaý
dan у
мст
венный

menu [
menj
uː] t
agamnama меню

mer
chant [
'
mɜː
ʧənt
] söwdagär
,bezi
rgen ку
пец,
торг
овец

mess [
mes] bul
aşy
kly
k беспорядок

met
all
urgy [
meˈ
t
æləʤɪ
] demi
rönümçi
l
ik мет
аллу
ргия

mi
dni
ght [
'
mɪdnaɪ
t] ý
arygi
j
e полночь

mi
l
k [
mɪl
k] süý
t молоко

mi
tt
en [
'
mɪt
(ə)
n] el
l
ik варежкa
moder
ate /
ˈmɒdər
ɪt/ my
laý
ym,
aram,
ort
aça у
меренный,
сдержанный

moder
n [
ˈ
mɔdən] döwr
ebap современный

moder
nizat
ion /
ˌmɒd(
ə)naɪ
ˈ
zeɪ
ʃ(ə)
n/ döwr
ebapl
aşdy
rma модернизация

mom [
mɔm] ej
e мама

monar
chy [
'
mɔnəkɪ
] monar
hiý
a монархия

monast
ery [
ˈ
mɔnəst
ərɪ
] but
hana монаст
ырь

Monday [
'
mʌndeɪ
] duşenbе(
hеpdäni
ňbi
ri
nji
güni
) понедельник

monkey [
'
mʌŋkɪ
] maý
myn обезьяна

mont
h [
mʌnθ] aý месяц

monument [
'
mɔnj
umənt
] ý
ady
gär
li
k памят
ник

moon [
muː
n] aý лу
на

mor
al [
ˈ
mɔr
əl] ahl
ak моральный

mor
ning [
'
mɔː
nɪŋ] er
ti
r у
тро

mot
her [
'
mʌðə] ej
е мат
ь

Mot
her
land [
'
mʌðəl
ænd] Wat
an Родина

Mot
her
'sDay [
'
mʌðəzdeɪ
] Enel
ergüni Деньмат
ери

mot
ion [
'
məuʃ
(ə)
n] her
eket движение

mount
ain [
'
maunt
ɪn] dag г
ора

mount
aindest
inat
ions [
ˈ
maʊnt
ɪnˌ
dest
ɪneɪ
ʃənz] dagl
yký
erl
er г
орныенаправления

mouse [
maus] sy
çan мышь

mov
ement [
ˈ
muː
vmənt
] her
eket движение

much [
mʌʧ] köp(
sanapbol
maý
anat
larbi
l
еn много(употребляет
сят
олькос
ul
any
lýar
) неисчисляемыми
существительными)

museum [
mju'
zi
ːəm] muzеý му
зей

musi
c [
'
mjuː
zɪk] saz му
зыка

must [
mʌst
] -
mal
y/-
mеl
igoşul
mal
ary
ň должен,
обязан

many
synagabatgеl
ýär

my
ster
y [
'
mɪst
ərɪ
] sy
rly т
аинст
венный

Nn

name [
neɪ
m] at имя

nat
ion [
'
neɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] hal
k,mi
l
let народ,
нация
nat
ional
flag [
'
næʃ
(ə)
n(ə)
lfl
æg] Mi
l
libaý
dak национальныйфлаг

nat
ional
reser
ve [
'
næʃ
(ə)
n(ə)
lrɪ
'zɜː
v] mi
l
ligor
aghana заповедник

nat
ure [
'
neɪ
ʧə] t
ebi
gat природа

near [
nɪə] ý
any
nda,
ýaky
n близкорасположенный

neat /
niː
t/ ar
assaçy
l опрят
ный

neck [
nek] boý
un шея

need [
niː
d] zer
url
yk ну
жда

nei
ghbor [
'
neɪ
bə] goňşy сосед,
соседка

ner
vous /
ˈnɜː
vəs/ gahar
ly нервный

nest [
nest
] höwür
tge г
нездо

net
wor
k [
'
net
wɜː
k] ul
gam сет
ь

neut
ral
i
ty [
njuː
'
træl
ətɪ
] bi
tar
apl
yk нейт
ралит
ет

Neut
ral
i
tyDay [
njuː
'
træl
ətɪdeɪ
] Bi
tar
apl
ykbaý
ramy ПраздникНейт
ралит
ета

nev
er [
'
nev
ə] hi
çhaçan никог
да

new [
njuː
] t
äzе новый

NewYear [
njuː
'j
ɪə] Täzеý
yl Новыйг
од

NewYearTr
ee [
njuː
jɪə:
't
ri
ː] Täzеý
ylar
çasy Новог
одняяёлка

NewYear
'sDay [
njuː
jɪəz'
deɪ
] Täzeý
ylgüni деньНовог
огода

NewYear
'sEv
e [
njuː
jɪəz'
iː
v] Täzeý
ylagşamy кану
нНовог
огода

newspaper [
'
njuː
zˌ
peɪ
pə] gazet г
азет
а

next [
nekst
] i
ndi
ki следу
ющий

nextt
o [
nekstt
uː] ý
any
nda,
gol
aýy
nda,
gapdal
ynda вблизи,
возле,
около,
рядом

ni
ce [
naɪ
s] owadan,
nepi
s хороший,
прият
ный

ni
ckname [
ˈ
nɪkneɪ
m] l
akam прозвище

ni
ece [
niː
s] ý
egençi племянница

ni
ght [
naɪ
t] gi
j
e ночь

ni
ghtshi
ft [
'
naɪ
tˌ
ʃɪ
ft] gi
j
esi
nei
şlemek ночнаясмена

ni
ne [
naɪ
n] dokuz девят
ь

ni
net
een [
ˌ
naɪ
n't
iː
n] ondokuz девят
надцат
ь

ni
net
y [
'
naɪ
ntɪ
] t
ogsan девяност
о

noddi
ng /
ˈnɒdɪ
ŋ/ kel
l
äňi
ýaý
kama киват
ь

non-
fi
cti
on [
nɔn-
fɪ
kʃn] y
lmyedebi
ýat нау
чнаялит
ерат
ура

non-
stop [
ˌ
nɔn'
stɔp] dy
ngy
syz,
üznüksi
z безостановочный,
непрекращающийся

Nor
th [
nɔː
(r
)θ] demi
rgazy
k север
nose [
nəuz] bur
un нос

not
e-book [
'
nəut
buk] dеpdеr т
етрадь

nov
el [
'
nɔv
(ə)
l] r
oman роман

nov
eli
st [
ˈ
nɔv
əlɪ
st] r
omaný
azy
jy романист

Nov
ember [
nəu'
vembə] noý
abr ноябрь

now [
nau] häzi
r,şuwagt сейчас

nur
se [
nɜː
s] şepagatuý
asy медицинскаясест
ра

Oo

obl
i
gat
ion [
ˌ
ɔbl
ɪ'
geɪ
ʃ(ə)
n]] par
z;bor
ç обязат
ельст
во,обязанност
ь

obser
ve [
əbˈ
zɜː
v] sy
nlamak наблюдат
ь

obser
ving [
əbˈ
zɜː
vɪŋ] sy
net
me наблюдение

occupy [
'
ɔkj
əpaɪ
] t
utmak,
eýel
emek занимат
ь

ocean [
'
əuʃ
(ə)
n] okean океан

Oct
ober [
ɔk'
təubə] okt
ýabr окт
ябрь

odd [
ɔd] geň ст
ранный

of
fi
ce [
'
ɔfɪ
s] 1.edar
a; 1)офис;
2)кабинет
,слу
жебное
помещение
2.i
şot
agy

of
fshor
e [
ˌ
ɔf'
ʃɔː
] kenar
ýakadandaşl
ykda находящийсянарасст
оянииот
берега

of
ten [
'
ɔf(
t)(
ə)n] ý
ygy
-ýy
gydan част
о,мног
ораз

oi
l [
ɔɪl
] ý
ag масло

ol
d [
əul
d] 1.gar
ry; 1.ст
арый;

2.könе 2.ст
арый

ol
d-f
ashi
oned /
əʊl
d/-
/ˈ
fæʃ
ənd/ könebi
çüwl
i ст
аромодный

onMonday [
ɔn'
mʌndeɪ
] duşеnbеgüni впонедельник

oni
on [
'
ʌnj
ən] sogan лу
к

onl
y [
'
əunl
ɪ] di
ňe т
олько

open [
'
əup(
ə)n] açmak от
крыват
ь

oper
a [
ˈ
ɔpər
ə] oper
a опера

opposi
te [
'
ɔpəzɪ
t] gar
şysy
nda напрот
ив

or
ange [
'
ɔrɪ
nʤ] mämi
şi оранжевыйцвет

or
angej
uice [
'
ɔrɪ
nʤ:
ʤuː
s] py
rty
kal
suwy апельсиновыйсок
or
char
d [
ˈ
ɔːʧəd] mi
wel
ibakj
a фру
ктовыйсад

or
dinar
y /
ˈɔː
dnr
i/ adat
y обыкновенный

or
dinar
y [
'
ɔːd(
ə)n(
ə)r
ɪ] adat
y,ý
önekeý обычный,
обыкновенный

or
phan [
ˈ
ɔːf
ən] ý
eti
m сирот
а

our [
'
auə] bi
zi
ň наш

outof [
aut
:ɔv
] i
çindеn,
-dan/
-dеn из

out
goi
ng [
ˌ
aut
'gəuɪ
ŋ] al
çak дру
желюбный,
общит
ельный

out
standi
ng [
aʊt
ˈ
stændɪ
ŋ] gör
nükl
i
,tany
mal выдающийся

out
standi
ng [
ˌ
aut
'st
ændɪ
ŋ] t
any
mal
,gör
nükl
i
,bel
l
i выдающийся,
знаменит
ый

ov
erseas [
ˌ
əuv
ə'si
ː
(z)
] ý
urtdaşy
nda заг
раницей

ov
erst
ay [
ˌ
əuv
ə'st
eɪ] uzakot
urmak заг
ост
иться,
засидет
ься

owe [
əu] bor
çlybol
mak быт
ьобязанным

Oxbr
idge [
'
ɔksbr
ɪʤ] Oksf
ordweKembr
ij у
ниверсит
етыОксфордаи
uni
wersi
tet
ler
i
Кембриджа

Pp

pai
nti
ng [
'
peɪ
ntɪ
ŋ] sur
atçekmek рисование

pal
ace [
'
pæl
ɪs] köşk дворец

pal
m [
pɑː
m] el
i
ňaý
asy ладонь

pal
mtr
ee [
'
pɑː
m:t
ri
ː] pal
maagaj
y пальма

pan [
pæn] saç,
taba сковорода

pancake [
'
pænkeɪ
k] bl
i
n,ol
adý
i блин,
оладьи

panda [
'
pændə] panda панда

panor
ami
cvi
ew [
pænəˈ
r
æmɪ
kvj
uː] panor
ami
kgör
nüş панорамныйвид

pant
s(Amer
.) [
pænt
s] bal
ak,
jal
bar брюки

pant
yhose /
ˈpænt
ɪˌ
həʊz/ j
orapl
yiçeşi
k колг
отки

par
ent
s [
'
peər
(ə)
nts] ene-
ata родит
ели

par
k [
pɑː
k] par
k,sеý
ilbagy парк

par
kingl
ot [
'
pɑː
(r
)kɪ
ŋlɔt
] awt
odur
alga авт
ост
оянка,
парковка

par
rot [
'
pær
ət] t
oty
guş попу
гай

par
ti
cipant [
pɑː
ˈ
tɪsɪ
pənt
] gat
naşy
jy у
част
ник

par
ti
cipat
e [
pɑː
'
tɪsɪ
peɪ
t] gat
naşmak у
част
воват
ь,принимат
ь
у
част
ие
par
ty [
'
pɑː
tɪ
] ot
ury
lyşy
k вечеринка

passabal
l [
pɑː
səbɔː
l
] t
opygeçi
rmek передават
ьмяч

past
a [
'
pæst
ə] unaşönümi блюдоизмакарон

past
ry [
'
peɪ
str
ɪ] pi
şme выпечка

pat
ent [
'
peɪ
t(ə)
nt] pat
ent
,tassy
knama право(начто-
л.)полу
чаемое
благодаряпат
енту

paybi
l
ls /
peɪbɪ
lz/ t
ölegkagy
zy счет
а

PE [
pi:
i:
] bedent
erbi
ýe физическоевоспит
ание

peace [
piː
s] par
ahat
çyl
yk мир

peacef
ul [
'
piː
sf(
ə)l
] par
ahat
,asuda мирный,
спокойный

peacef
ul /
ˈpi
ː
sfʊl
/ par
ahat
,asuda миролюбивый

peach [
piː
ʧ] ar
myt г
руша

peacock [
'
piː
kɔk] t
awus павлин

pear
l [
pɜː
l
] mer
jen жемчу
г

peer [
pɪə] deň-
duş,
ýaşdaş ровесник,
сверст
ник

pen [
pen] r
uçka ру
чка

penci
l [
'
pens(
ə)l
] gal
am карандаш

penci
l
-box [
'
pens(
ə)l
bɔks] penal пенал

peopl
e [
'
piː
pl] adaml
ar люди

per
cept /
ˈpɜː
sɛpt
/ kabul
edi
ş персепция

per
cept
ion [
pəˈ
sepʃ
n] duý
mak,
düşünmek ощу
щение,
понимание

per
for
m [
pəˈ
f
ɔːm] ý
eri
neý
eti
rmek исполнят
ь

per
for
mance [
pəˈ
f
ɔːməns] çy
kyş,
ýer
ineý
eti
rme выст
упление,
предст
авление

per
manent [
'
pɜː
m(ə)
nənt
] hemi
şel
i
k,dur
nukl
y пост
оянный,
долг
овременный

per
manent [
ˈ
pɜː
mənənt
] hemi
şel
i
k пост
оянный

per
missi
on /
pəˈ
mɪʃ
ən/ r
ugsat разрешение

per
spi
rat
ion [
ˌ
pɜː
sp(
ə)'
reɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] der
leme пот
ение

pet [
pet
] öý
desakl
aný
anhaý
wan домашнееживот
ное

pet
rol
eum [
pɪˈ
t
rəʊl
j
əm] nebi
t нефт
ь

phar
maci
st [
ˈ
fɑː
məsɪ
st] der
manhanaçy апт
екарь

phi
l
ology [
fɪ
'l
ɔləʤɪ
] f
il
ologi
ýa,
dil
weedebi
ýaty
lyml
ary филолог
ия

phone [
fəun] t
elef
on т
елефон

phonebook [
fəunbʊk] t
elef
onki
tapçasy т
елефоннаякнига
(
телефонныйсправочник)

phonenumber [
fəun'
nʌmbə] t
elef
onnomer
i номерт
елефона
pi
ck [
pɪk] ý
ygnamak собират
ь

pi
ckupI [
pɪkʌ
p] mekdepdenal
yp забират
ьдет
ейсошколы

gaý
tmak послезанят
ий

pi
ckupI
I [
pɪkʌ
p] çöpl
emek,
äki
tmek собират
ь

pi
cni
c [
'
pɪknɪ
k] sähr
agezel
enj
i пикник

pi
ctur
e [
'
pɪkʧə] sur
at карт
ина

pi
l
gri
m [
ˈ
pɪl
grɪ
m] zy
ýar
atçy
,haj
y паломник

pi
neappl
e [
'
paɪ
næpl
] ananas ананас

pi
nk [
pɪŋk] gül
güne розовыйцвет

pi
zza [
'
piː
tsə] pi
ssa пицца

pl
ain /
pleɪ
n/ sada,
düz прост
ой,
однот
онный

pl
ane [
pleɪ
n] uçar самолёт

pl
ant [
plɑː
nt] ekmеk,
agaçnahal
ynyot
urt
mak сажат
ь,сеят
ь

pl
ate [
pleɪ
t] t
arel
ka т
арелка

pl
atf
orm [
'
plæt
fɔː
m] demi
rýol
ýodasy железнодорожнаяплат
форма

pl
ay [
pleɪ
] 1.oý
namak; 1.иг
рат
ь;

2.oý
un 2.иг
ра

pl
ayagame [
pleɪəgeɪ
m] oý
unoý
namak иг
рат
ь

pl
aychess [
pleɪʧes] küştoý
namak иг
рат
ьвшахмат
ы

pl
ayf
oot
bal
l [
'
pleɪ'
fut
bɔː
l
] f
utbol
oýnamak иг
рат
ьвфу
тбол

pl
ayout
side [
pleɪˌ
aut
'
saɪ
d] daşar
daoý
namak иг
рат
ьнау
лице

pl
ayt
enni
s [
pleɪ'
tenɪ
s] t
enni
soý
namak иг
рат
ьвт
еннис

pl
aymat
e [
'
pleɪ
meɪ
t] oý
undakyý
oldaş т
оварищподет
скимиг
рам

pl
aywr
ight [
ˈ
pleɪ
raɪ
t] dr
amat
urg драмат
ург

pl
easant [
'
plez(
ə)nt
] ý
aky
mly прият
ный

pl
um [
plʌ
m] gar
aly слива

poet [
ˈ
pəʊɪ
t] şahy
r поэт

poet
ry [
ˈ
pəʊɪ
trɪ
] şy
gry
ýet поэзия

pol
eposi
ti
on [
pəul
pə'
zɪʃ
(ə)
n] peý
dal
y,ut
uşl
yýagdaý выгодное,
выиг
рышное
положение

pol
i
ceman [
pə'
l
iː
smən] pol
i
siý
aişgär
i полицейский

pond [
pɔnd] howuz,
howdan пру
д

popul
ar [
pɔpj
ʊlə(
r)] meşhur
,gi
ňýaý
ran популярный, широко
распространённый

popul
ati
on [
ˌ
pɔpj
ə'
leɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] i
l
at население,
жит
ели
por
ri
dge [
'
pɔr
ɪʤ] şül
e,aş каша

possi
bil
i
ty /
ˌpɒsəˈ
bɪl
ɪt
i/ mümki
nçi
l
ik возможност
ь

post
car
d [
'
pəust
kɑː
d] ot
kry
tka от
крыт
ка

post
ure /
ˈpɒsʧə/ bedeni
ňýagdaý
y поза

pr
am [
præm] çagakol
ýaskasy дет
скаяколяска

pr
eci
ous [
'
preʃ
əs] gy
mmatbahal
y драг
оценный

pr
ehi
stor
ic [
ˌ
pri
ˈ
hɪst
ɔrɪ
k] ör
ängady
my доист
орический

pr
epar
e [
prɪ
'peə] t
aýý
arl
amak г
отовит
ь,подг
отавливат
ь

pr
esent [
'
prez(
ə)nt
] 1.bar
; 1.прису
тст
вующий;

2.sowgat
; 2.подарок;

3.häzi
rki 3.наст
оящий,
нынешний

pr
esent [
prə'
zent
] sowgatet
mek дарит
ь

pr
eser
ve [
prɪ
ˈ
zɜː
v] gor
amak охранят
ь

Pr
esi
dent [
'
prezɪ
dənt
] Pr
ezi
dent Президент

Pr
esi
dent
ial
Pal
ace [
ˌ
prezɪ
'denʃ
(ə)
l'pæl
ɪs] Pr
ezi
dent
iňköşgi Президент
скийдворец

pr
ide [
praɪ
d] buý
sanç,
guwanç г
ордост
ь

pr
ime [
praɪ
m] esasy основной

pr
imemi
nist
er [
ˌ
praɪ
m'mɪ
nɪst
ə] pr
emý
ermi
nist
r премьер-
минист
р

pr
ince [
prɪ
ns] şazada принц

pr
inci
pal [
'
prɪ
nsəp(
ə)l
] mekdepmüdi
ri директ
оршколы

pr
ior [
praɪ
ər] öňki предшест
вующий

pr
ison [
prɪ
zn] t
ürme,
tussaghana т
юрьма

pr
ize [
praɪ
z] baý
rak,
syl
ag наг
рада,
премия,
приз

pr
ofessi
onal /
prəˈ
f
eʃənl
/ r
esmi деловой

pr
ofi
l
e /
ˈpr
əʊf
aɪl
/ şahsysahy
pa профиль

pr
omot
e [
prə'
məut
] ý
ardam et
mek,
kömekber
mek способствовать,
содействовать

pr
oper
ty [
ˈ
prɔpət
ɪ] eml
äk иму
щест
во

pr
ose [
prəʊz] ky
ssa проза

pr
osper
it
y [
prɔs'
per
ətɪ
] abadançy
lyk преу
спевание,
процвет
ание

pr
osper
it
y [
prɔsˈ
per
ɪtɪ
] abadançy
lyk,
gül
l
eme,
gül
l
äp процвет
ание
ösme

pr
otect [
prə'
tekt
] gor
amak защищат
ь

pr
otect
ion [
prə'
tekʃ
(ə)
n] gor
ama,
gor
apsakl
ama защит
а,охрана

pr
oud [
praud] guwanj
aň г
ордый
pr
ovi
de [
prə'
vaɪ
d] üpj
ünet
mek снабжат
ь

pr
ovi
nce [
'
prɔv
ɪns] et
rap област
ь,район

pul
l [
pul
] çekmek т
яну
ть

pumpki
n [
'
pʌmpkɪ
n] kädi т
ыква

punct
ual /
ˈpʌ
ŋkt
jʊəl
/ wagt
yndaý
eri
neý
eti
rýän пу
нкт
уальный

pupi
l [
'
pjuː
p(ə)
l] okuwçy у
ченик

puppet [
'
pʌpɪ
t] gur
jak ку
кла

PuppetTheat
re [
'
pʌpɪ
t:'
θɪət
ə] gur
jakt
eat
ry ку
кольныйт
еат
р

puppy [
'
pʌpɪ
] güj
ük щенок

pur
ple [
'
pɜː
pl] benewşe фиолет
овыйцвет

push [
puʃ
] 1)i
tmek;2)basmak 1)т
олкат
ь;2)нажимат
ь

put [
put
] goý
mak класт
ь,ст
авит
ь

puton [
putɔn] geý
mek надеват
ь

Qq

quar
terpast [
'
kwɔː
təpɑː
st] .
.-
dan15mi
nuti
şleý
är 15мину
т..
.

quar
tert
o [
'
kwɔː
tə:
tuː
] .
.-
a15mi
nutbar без15-
и..
.

quest
ion [
'
kwesʧən] sor
ag вопрос

qui
l
t [
kwɪ
lt
] ý
organ одеяло

Rr

r
abbi
t [
'
ræbɪ
t] t
owşan кролик

r
ace [
reɪ
s] ý
ary
ş бег
,гонки,
скачки

r
ain [
reɪ
n] 1)ý
agy
n;2)(
ýagy
n) 1)дождь;
2)идт
и

ý
agmak (
одожде)

r
aincoat [
'
reɪ
nkəut
] pl
aş(
ýagy
şdageý
il
ýän) плащ

r
ainy [
'
reɪ
nɪ] ý
agy
şly дождливый

r
aise [
reɪ
z] ul
alt
mak,
ösdür
ipý
eti
şdi
rmek раст
ить,
воспит
ыват
ь

Rai
sey
ourhand! [
reɪ
zjɔːhænd] El
i
ňizi
gal
dyr
yň! Поднимит
еру
ки!

r
ake [
reɪ
k] dy
rmy
k г
рабли

r
ank [
ræŋk] der
eje кат
егория,
разряд

r
aven [
reɪ
vn] gar
ga ворон
r
ead [
ri
ːd] okamak чит
ать

r
eadt
het
ext [
ri
ːdðət
ekst
] t
ekstokamak прoчит
атьт
екст

r
eadi
ng [
'
riː
dɪŋ] okuw чт
ение

r
eal
l
y [
'
rɪəl
ɪ] haky
kat
dan-
da,
dogr
udan-
da дейст
вит
ельно,
всамомделе

r
ecess [
rɪ
'ses] ar
akesme перемена

r
eci
te [
rɪ
'saɪ
t] ý
atdanaý
tmak,
çeperokaý
yş чит
атьвслу
х

r
ecr
eat
ion [
ˌ
rɪkr
ɪ'
eɪʃ
(ə)
n] dy
nçal
yş отдых;прият
ное
времяпровождение

r
ed [
red] gy
zyl красный

r
efer
ence [
ˈ
ref
rəns] agzapgeçmek,
sal
gyl
anma у
поминание,
ссылка

r
efl
ect [
rɪ
'f
lekt
] ser
pikdi
rýän от
ражат
ь,дават
ьот
ражение

r
ejuv
enat
e [
rɪ
ˈdʒuː
vəneɪ
t] ý
aşar
tmak омолаживат
ь

r
elat
ionshi
p [
rɪ
'l
eɪʃ
(ə)
nʃɪ
p] gar
yndaşl
yk,
gat
naşy
k родст
во,
взаимосвязь

r
elat
ionshi
p /
rɪˈ
l
eɪʃ
ənʃ
ɪp/ gat
naşy
k взаимоот
ношение

r
elat
ive [
'
rel
ətɪ
v] kowum,
gar
yndaş родст
венник,
родст
венница

r
elat
ives [
'
rel
ətɪ
vz] gar
yndaşl
ar близкиеродст
венники

r
elax [
rɪ
'l
æks] dy
nçal
mak от
дыхат
ь

r
elax [
rɪ
ˈl
æks] dy
nçal
mak от
дыхат
ь

r
elev
ant [
ˈ
rel
.ə.
vənt
] bagl
any
şykl
y связанный,
относяшиеся

r
enowned [
rɪ
'naʊnd] meşhur
lygaeý
ebol
an знаменит
ый,
извест
ный

r
epor
tcar
d [
rɪ
'pɔː
tˌ
kɑː
d] ý
eti
şikkagy
zy табельу
спеваемост
и(в
школе)

r
epor
ter [
rɪ
ˈpɔː
tə] habar
çy корреспондент

r
epr
esent [
repr
ɪˈ
zent
] bol
mak,
weki
l
çil
i
ket
mek предст
авлят
ь

r
epr
esent [
repr
ɪˈ
zent
] t
any
şdy
rmak,
weki
l
çil
i
ket
mek предст
авлят
ь

r
epubl
i
c [
rɪ
'pʌ
blɪ
k] r
еspubl
i
ka респу
блика

r
equi
re [
rɪ
ˈkwaɪ
ər] t
alapet
mek т
ребоват
ь

r
esembl
e [
rɪ
'zembl
] meňzemek;
çekmek походит
ь,имет
ьсх
одст
во

r
eser
ve [
rɪ
'zɜː
v] br
onet
mek бронироват
ь

r
eser
voi
r [
ˈ
rezəv
wɑː
] howuz водоём

r
esi
dence [
'
rezɪ
d(ə)
ns] ý
aşal
ýaný
er(
şaaý
aly
ňýaşaý
an местожительст
во(
дворец
ý
eri
) королевы)

r
esour
ce [
rɪ
'sɔː
s] çeşme,
gor
,okuwgol
l
anmasy запасы,
ресу
рсы,
средст
ва

r
espect [
rɪ
'spekt
] sar
pa,
hor
mat
,sy
lag у
важение,
почёт

r
espect
ful /
rɪsˈ
pɛkt
fʊl
/ sy
lagl
y,hor
mat
ly почт
ительный

r
est
aur
ant [
ˈ
rest
(ə)
rɒnt
] r
est
oran рест
оран
r
etur
n [
rɪ
't
ɜːn] dol
anmak,
gaý
dypgel
mek возвращат
ься

r
ich [
rɪ
ʧ] baý бог
атый

r
ide [
raɪ
d] sür
mek,
çapmak кат
аться

r
ight [
raɪ
t] hak,
hukuk право

r
ipen [
'
raɪ
p(ə)
n] ýet
işmek,kemal
agel
mek, созреват
ь,у
лучшат
ь
kämil
leşmek

r
iver [
'
rɪv
ə] der
ýa река

r
oad [
rəud] ý
ol дорог
а

r
oadsi
gns [
rəudsaɪ
ns] ý
olbel
gil
eri дорожныезнаки

r
ob [
rɒb] ogur
lamak г
рабит
ь

r
oll
erbl
adi
ng [
'
rəul
əˌ
bl
eɪdɪ
ŋ] t
igi
rçekl
ikonki
sür
mek кат
аниенароликах

r
oom [
ruː
m] ot
ag комнат
а

r
oost
er [
'
ruː
stə] hor
az пет
ух

r
oot [
ruː
t] kök корень

r
ose [
rəuz] bägül роза

r
oughness [
ˈ
rʌf
nəs] gur
amak,
gat
amak су
хост
ь,шероховат
ост
ь

r
ubbi
sh [
'
rʌbɪ
ʃ] hapa му
сор

r
ug [
rʌg] hal
y,pal
as ковёр

r
ugby [
'
rʌgbɪ
] r
egbi рег
би

r
ule [
ruː
l
] kada,
düzgün правила

r
uler [
'
ruː
l
ə] çy
zgy
ç линейка

r
ules /
ruː
l
z/ düzgünnama правила

r
ulesofsaf
ety [
ruː
l
zəv'
seɪ
ftɪ
] howpsuzl
ykdüzgünl
eri правилабезопасност
и

r
un [
rʌn] y
lgamak бежат
ь

Russi
a [
'
rʌʃ
ə] Russi
ýa Россия

Russi
an [
'
rʌʃ
(ə)
n] r
us,
rusça,
rusdi
l
i ру
сский,
русскийязык

Russi
an [
'
rʌʃ
(ə)
n] r
us,
russi
ýal
y ру
сский,
россиянин,
россиянка

Ss

sack [
sæk] hal
ta мешок

sacr
ed [
ˈ
seɪ
krɪ
d] mukaddes священный

sad [
sæd] gamgy
n г
руст
ный,
печальный

saf
ety [
'
seɪ
ftɪ
] howpsuzl
yk безопасност
ь

sai
d [
sed] “
tosay
”(aý
tmak,
diý
mеk) прошедшеевремяотг
лаг
ола
 i
şli
gini
ňöt
еnzamanf
ormasy “
tosay
”(г
оворит
ь)

sal
ad [
'
sæl
əd] i
şdäaçar салат

sal
ary [
ˈ
sæl
ərɪ
] i
şhaky заработ
наяплат
а

sanct
uar
y [
ˈ
sæŋkt
jʊər
ɪ] gaçybatal
ga,gor
aghana, храм
ybadathana

sand [
sænd] çäge песок

sandal
s [
'
sænd(
ə)l
] çepek сандалии

sandwi
ch [
'
sænwɪ
ʤ] but
erbr
od бу
терброд

sang [
sæŋ] “
tosi
ng”(
aýdy
m aý
tmak) прошедшеевремяотг
лаг
ола

i
şli
gini
ňöt
еnzamanf
ormasy “
tosi
ng”(
пет
ь)

Sat
urday [
'
sæt
ədeɪ
] şеnbе(
hеpdäni
ňal
tynj
ygüni
) су
ббот
а

saucer [
'
sɔː
sə] t
abaj
yk блюдце

sausage [
'
sɔsɪ
ʤ] şöhl
atça сосиска

saw [
sɔː
] “t
osee”(gör
mеk)i
şli
gini
ňöt
еn прошедшеевремяотг
лаг
ола
zamanformasy “t
osee”(
видеть)

say [
seɪ
] aý
tmak,
diý
mеk г
оворит
ь

scar
f [
skɑː
f] şar
f шарф

schol
ar [
'
skɒl
ə] al
ym у
чёный

school [
skuː
l
] mеkdеp школа

school
lunchr
oom [
skuː
l
:'l
ʌnʧr
uːm] mekdepnahar
hanasy школьнаяст
оловая

school
uni
for
m [
skuː
l
:'j
uːnɪ
fɔː
m] mekdepegi
n-eşi
gi школьнаяформа

school
bag [
'
skuː
l
bæg] okuwçypor
tfеl
i порт
фель

school
boy [
'
skuː
l
bɔɪ
] okuwçy(
ogl
an) школьник

school
chi
l
dren [
'
skuː
l
tʃɪ
ldr
ən] okuwçy
lar школьники

school
gir
l [
'
skuː
l
gɜː
l
] okuwçy(
gyz) школьница

school
yar
d [
'
skuː
l
jɑː
d] mеkdеphowl
usy школьныйдвор

sci
ence [
'
saɪ
əns] y
lym нау
ка

sci
ence-
fi
cti
on [
'
saɪ
əns'
fɪ
kʃ(
ə)n] y
lmy
-fant
ast
ika нау
чнаяфант
аст
ика

sci
ssor
s [
'
sɪzəz] gaý
çy ножницы

scr
een [
skr
iː
n] ekr
an экран

scr
uff
y /
ˈskr
ʌfi
/ söl
i
te неряшливый

sea [
siː
] deňi
z море

seagul
l [
'
siː
gʌl
] çar
lak чайка

season [
'
siː
z(ə)
n] pasy
l времяг
ода

secur
e /
sɪˈ
kj
ʊə/ howpsuz безопасный
see [
siː
] gör
mek видет
ь

sel
dom [
'
sel
dəm] seý
rek редко

send [
send] ugr
atmak от
правлят
ь

seni
or [
'
siː
nɪə] ý
aşyul
y,ý
okar
y ст
арший,
ученик

sept
ember [
sep'
tembə] sеnt
ýabr сент
ябрь

ser
ve [
sɜː
v] 1.hy
zmatet
mek; 1.обслуживат
ь;

2.pökgi
ni(
zyňy
p,okl
ap,
depi
p) 2.подача
berme

ser
vice [
'
sɜː
vɪs] hy
zmatet
me обслу
живание

sev
eral [
'
sev
(ə)
r(ə)
l] bi
rnäçe несколько

shake [
ʃeɪ
k] gy
smak,
sil
kmek т
ряст
и

shakehands el
l
eşi
p пожат
ьру
ку

sal
aml
aşmak

shar
e [
ʃeə] paý
laşmak делить,распределят
ь;
разделять

sheep [
ʃi
ːp] goý
un овца

shepher
d [
'
ʃepəd] çopan паст
ух

shi
pbui
l
ding [
'
ʃɪpˌ
bɪl
dɪŋ] gämi
gur
luşy
gy кораблестроение,
судостроение

shi
pbui
l
ding [
ˈ
ʃɪpbɪ
ldɪ
ŋ] gämi
gur
luşy
k су
дост
роение

shi
rt [
ʃɜː
t] köý
nek ру
башка

shoes [
ʃuː
z] aý
akgap обу
вь

shootabal
l [
ʃuː
təbɔː
l
] t
opydepmek забит
ьмяч

shopassi
stant [
'
ʃɔpəˌ
sɪ
stənt
] sat
yjy продавец,
продавщица

shoppi
ngcent
er [
'
ʃɔpɪ
ŋ'sent
ə] söwdamer
kezi т
орг
овыйцент
р

shoppi
ngl
i
st [
'
ʃɔpɪ
ŋlɪ
st] ger
ekl
ihar
ytl
ary
ňsanawy списокнеобходимыхт
оваров

shoppi
ngmal
l [
'
ʃɔpɪ
ŋmɔː
l
] söwdamer
kezi т
орг
овыйцент
р

shor
t [
ʃɔː
t] gy
sga корот
кий

shor
ts [
ʃɔː
ts] kel
tebal
ak шорт
ы

si
l
entdi
sco [
ˈ
saɪ
lənt
ˈ
dɪskəʊ] sessi
ztansedi
l
ýäný
er т
ихаядискот
ека

si
l
k [
sɪl
k] ý
üpek шёлк

si
ng [
sɪŋ] aý
dym aý
tmak,
saý
ramak пет
ь

si
ster [
'
sɪst
ə] aý
aldogan сест
ра

si
t [
sɪt
] ot
urmak садит
ься

si
tdown [
sɪtdaun] aşakot
urmak садит
ься

si
ze [
saɪ
z] öl
çeg,
ulul
yk размер,
величина
skat
ing [
'
skeɪ
tɪŋ] konki
l
ity
pmak кат
аниенаконьках

sket
ch [
skeʧ] eski
z,sudur эскиз

ski
i
ng [
ˈ
ski
:
ɪŋ] l
yžal
yty
pmak кат
аниеналыжах

ski
l
led [
skɪ
ld] ökde у
мелый

ski
rt [
skɜː
t] ý
ubka юбка

skul
l
cap [
'
skʌ
lkæp] t
ahý
a т
юбет
ейка

sky [
skaɪ
] asman,
gök небо

sl
edgi
ng [
sleʤi
ŋ] sanki
münmek кат
атьсянасанках

sl
eep [
sli
ː
p] ý
atmak спат
ь

sl
eigh [
sleɪ
] sanki сани

sl
i
my [
ˈ
slaɪ
mɪ] neml
i
,yzgar
ly слизист
ый,
мокрый

sl
ogan [
'
sləugən] şy
gar слог
ан

sl
ow [
sləu] haý
al медленный

smal
l [
smɔː
l
] ki
çi маленький

smar
t [
smɑː
(r
)t] aky
ll
y,düşbi
,ugur
tapy
jy умныйсообразит
ельный,
находчивый

smar
tphone [
'
smɑː
tˌ
fəun] el
degöt
eri
l
ýän(
aky
ll
y)t
elef
on смартфон,
мобильный
телефон

snack [
snæk] sowuknahar
,ýür
ekse заку
ска

snai
l [
sneɪ
l] ul
i
tka,
bal
ykgul
ak у
лит
ка

snow [
snəu] gar
,garý
agmak снег
,идт
и(оснег
е)

snowmai
den [
snəu'
meɪ
d(ə)
n] gar
pamy
k снег
урочка

snowbal
l [
'
snəubɔː
l
] gart
okgal
ary снежныйком

snowboar
d [
'
snəʊˌ
bɔː
(r
)d] snowbor
d сноу
борд

snowf
lake [
'
snəuf
leɪ
k] gar
jagaz снежинка

snowman [
'
snəumæn] garadam снег
овик

soar [
sɔː
] pel
pel
l
emek,
gaý
mak,
gaý
yp парит
ь,высоколет
ать
uçmak

soci
abl
e [
'
səuʃ
əbl
] al
çak,
mähi
rl
i общит
ельный

soci
ety [
səˈ
saɪ
ətɪ
] j
emgy
ýet общест
во

sock [
sɔk] j
orap носок

sof
a [
'
səuf
ə] di
wan диван

sof
t [
sɒf
t] ý
umşak мяг
кий

sof
tdr
inks [
sɔf
tdr
ɪŋk] al
kogol
syzi
çgi
l
er безалког
ольныйнапит
ок

sof
tbal
l [
'
sɒf
tˌ
bɔː
l
] sof
tbol софт
бол
sol
d [
səul
d] “
tosel
l
”(sat
mak)i
şli
gini
ňöt
en прошедшеевремяот“
to
sel
l”
(продават
ь)
zamanf
ormasy

sol
i
d /
ˈsɒl
ɪd/ gat
y плот
ный

sol
uti
on [
səˈ
l
uːʃ
n] çözgüt решение

some [
sʌm] bi
rnäçe несколько

someone [
'
sʌmwʌ
n] ki
mdi
rbi
ri кт
о-нибу
дь,
кто-
то

somet
imes [
'
sʌmt
aɪmz] käwagt иног
да

son [
sʌn] ogul сын

song [
sɔŋ] aý
dym песня

soup [
suː
p] çor
ba су
п

sout
h [
sauθ] günor
ta юг

sout
heast [
ˌ
sauθ'
i
ːst
] günor
tagündogar юг
о-вост
ок

sow [
səu] ekmеk(
dänеl
еri
) сеят
ь

soy
abean [
ˈ
sɔɪ
əbi
ː
n] kösükl
inoý
ba соевыйбоб

space [
speɪ
s] asmangi
ňişl
i
gi космическоепрост
ранст
во

spade [
speɪ
d] pi
l лопат
а

spaghet
ti [
spə'
get
ɪ] spaget
ti спаг
етт
и

spar
kli
ng [
'
spɑː
kl
ɪŋ] ý
alpy
ldaý
an,
ýal
pyl
dawuk блестящий,
искрящийся,
сверкающий

spar
row [
'
spær
əu] ser
çe воробей

speak [
spi
ː
k] gür
lemek,
gür
leşmek г
оворит
ь,разг
овариват
ь

speci
al [
'
speʃ
əl] üý
tgeşi
k особый

spect
acul
ar [
spekˈ
t
ækj
ʊlə] haý
rangal
dyr
yjy захват
ывающий

spel
l [
spel
] har
plapaý
tmak произносит
ьпобу
квам

spel
lyourname! [
spel
jɔː
neɪ
m] ady
ňyz
yhar
plapaý
dyň! продикту
йтесвоёимяпо
буквам!

spend [
spend] sar
pet
mek т
рат
ить

spendt
ime [
spendt
aɪm] wagt
yňygeçi
rmek проводит
ьвремя

spoke [
spəuk] “t
ospeak”(gеpl
еşmеk)i
şli
gini
ň прошедшеевремяотглаг
ола
ötеnzamanformasy “t
ospeak”(
говорит
ь)

spor
tsman [
'
spɔː
tsmən] t
ürgen спорт
смен

spr
ing [
spr
ɪŋ] ý
az,
bahar весна

squar
e [
skweə] meý
dança площадь

st
abl
e [
'
steɪ
bl] atý
atagy конюшня

st
age [
steɪ
ʤ] sahna сцена

st
air
s [
steəz] basgançak,
mer
diwan лест
ница,
сту
пеньки
st
andup [
stændʌ
p] ý
eri
ndеnt
urmak вст
ать

st
anza [
ˈ
stænzə] bent ст
рофа

st
ar [
stɑː
] ý
yldy
z звезда

st
art [
stɑː
t] başl
amak начинат
ь

st
art
er [
'
stɑː
tə] i
şdäaçar
,il
ki
nji
nahar салат
ы,первоеблюдо

st
arv
ati
on [
stɑː
ˈ
veɪ
ʃn] açl
yk г
олодовка

st
ate [
steɪ
t] 1.ý
agdaý
; 1)начинат
ь;2)г
осу
дарст
во,
страна
2.döwl
et

st
atus [
ˈ
steɪ
təs] ý
agdaý
,or
un ст
ату
с

st
eel [
sti
ː
l] pol
at ст
аль

st
ir [
stɜː
] bul
amak,
gar
mak размешиват
ь

st
omp [
stɔmp] t
apy
rdapý
öremek т
опат
ь

st
rawber
ry [
'
str
ɔːb(
ə)r
ɪ] ý
ert
udana клу
бника

st
reet [
str
iː
t] köçе у
лица

st
rengt
hen [
ˈ
str
eŋθən] güý
çlendi
rmek,
ber
kit
mek у
креплят
ь

st
rong [
str
ɔŋ] güý
çli сильный

st
udentschedul
e [
'
st(
j)
uːd(
ə)nt'
skeʤuː
l
] sapakl
ary
ňter
ti
bi расписание

st
udy [
'
stʌ
dɪ] öwr
enmek,
okamak у
чит
ь

st
uff
edani
mal [
stʌ
ft:
'ænɪ
m(ə)
l] ý
umşakoý
unj
ak чу
чело,
мяг
каяиг
рушка

subj
ect [
'
sʌbʤekt
] der
s предмет

subst
ant
iat
e [
səbˈ
st
ænʃ
ieɪ
t] ber
kit
mek подкреплят
ь

success [
səkˈ
ses] üst
ünl
i
k у
спех

suf
fi
cient [
səˈ
f
ɪʃənt
] ý
eter
li
kder
ejede дост
аточный

sui
t [
s(j
)uː
t] penj
ek кост
юм

summer [
'
sʌmə] t
omus,
tomusky лет
о

summercamp [
'
sʌməkæmp] t
omuskydy
nçal
yşöý
i лет
нийлаг
ерь

summerhol
i
day
s [
'
sʌmə'
hɔl
ɪdɪ
z] t
omuskydy
nçal
yş лет
ниеканику
лы

sun [
sʌn] gün солнце

Sunday [
'
sʌndeɪ
] ý
ekşеnbе воскресенье

sungl
asses [
'
sʌnˌ
gl
ɑːsɪ
z] gündengor
aýanäý
nek солнцезащит
ныеочки

sunhat [
'
sʌnhæt
] gündengor
any
şşl
ýapasy шляпаотсолнца

sunny [
'
sʌnɪ
] güneşl
i солнечный

supper [
'
sʌpə] agşaml
yknahar у
жин

suppor
ti
ve [
sə'
pɔː
tɪ
v]] gol
daý
an,
ýar
dam edý
än поддерживающий,
оказывающийподдержку
sur
pri
se [
sə'
praɪ
z] gar
aşy
lmady
ksowgat сюрприз

sur
round [
sə'
raund] gur
şapal
mak окру
жат
ь

swan [
swɔn] guw лебедь

sweat
er [
'
swet
ə] swi
ter свит
ер

swi
m [
swɪ
m] ý
üzmek плават
ь

swi
min [
swɪ
min] ý
üzüpgi
rmek плaват
ь

swi
mmi
ng [
'
swɪ
mɪŋ] ý
üzmek плавание

swi
mmi
ngpool [
'
swɪ
mɪŋpuː
l
] suwhowdany плават
ельныйбассейн

sy
mbol
i
ze [
'
sɪmb(
ə)l
aɪz] aňl
atmak символизироват
ь

Tt

cheatonat
est göçür
mek списыват
ь

dowel
lonat
est bar
lagi
şini
oňatý
azmak хорошонаписат
ьконт
рольну
ю
работу

t
abl
e [
'
teɪ
bl] st
ol ст
ол

t
abl
et [
'
tæbl
ət] pl
anşet планшет

t
ag [
tæg] kowal
aşdy
m дог
онялки

t
ail [
teɪ
l] guý
ruk хвост

t
ake [
teɪ
k](
took)[
tuk] al
mak брат
ь

t
akeaway(
car
ryout
, [
teɪ
kə'
weɪ
] öý
eäki
dil
ýännahar еданавынос
t
akeout
)

t
akecar
eof [
teɪ
kkeə(
r)əv
] al
adasy
nyet
mek забот
иться

t
akeof
f [
teɪ
kɔf
] eşi
giňi
çykar
mak снимат
ьодежду

t
akepar
t [
teɪ
kpɑː
t] gat
naşmak принимат
ьучаст
ие

t
akeaway [
'
teɪ
kə'
weɪ
] t
aýý
arnahar г
отоваяеда

t
akeout [
'
teɪ
k'aut
] t
aýý
arnahar г
отоваяеда

t
all [
tɔː
l
] uzy
n длинный

t
art
an [
'
tɑː
t(
ə)n] şotl
andka(
gözenekçy
zmy kl
y шот
ландка
nah,ýar
ymýüňýa-daýüpek
mata)

t
ask [
tɑː
sk] ý
umuş задание

t
ast
e [
teɪ
st] (
tagam)dat
mak пробоват
ь(навку
с)

t
axi [
'
tæksɪ
] t
aksi т
акси

t
ea [
ti
ː] çaý чай
t
each [
ti
ːʧ] okat
mak,
öwr
etmek у
чит
ь,обу
чат
ь

t
eacher [
'
tiː
ʧə] mugal
l
ym,
mugal
l
yma у
чит
ель

t
echnol
ogy [
tekˈ
nɔl
əʤɪ
] t
ehnol
ogi
ýa т
ехнолог
ия

Teddy(
TeddyBear
) [
'
tedɪ
]['
tedɪbɛə] ý
umşakaý
yjy
k плюшевыймедвежонок

t
enni
s [
'
tenɪ
s] t
enni
s т
еннис

t
ent [
tent
] çady
r палат
ка

t
ent
ati
ve [
ˈ
tent
ətɪ
v] my
sal
y примерный

t
err
ain [
təˈ
r
eɪn] gaý
alymeý
dan скалист
оемест
о

t
est [
test
] bar
lagi
şi,
test конт
рольнаяработ
а,т
ест

t
est
imony [
ˈ
test
ɪməni
] del
i
l свидет
ельст
во

t
ext [
tekst
] t
еkst т
екст

t
extmessage [
tekst'
mesɪ
ʤ] SMSý
azmak,
gysgat
eksthabar
y т
екст
овоесообщение

t
ext
il
e [
'
tekst
aɪl
] dokmaönüml
eri т
екст
иль

t
ext
il
e [
ˈ
tekst
aɪl
] t
ekst
il т
екст
иль

t
ext
ing [
tekst
ɪŋ] i
nter
netüsti
bil
enhatý
azmak, писат
ьт екст
овоесообщение,
SMSý azmak СМС-сообщение

t
han [
ðæn] dan,
-dеn,
-çä-
ça чем

t
hanky
ou! [
θæŋk:
juː
] sagbol
(uň)
! спасибо!

t
hanks [
θæŋks] sagbol
(uň)
! спасибо!

t
hat [
ðæt
] şol
,ol т
от

TheAwazaNati
onal «Awaza»mi
l
lisy
ýahat
çyl
yk Национальнаят
урист
ическая
Tour
istZone zol
agy зона«Аваза»

TheCaspi
anSea [
ðəkæspɪ
ənsi
:
] Hazardeňzi Каспийскоеморе

t
heEngl
i
shl
anguage [
ðiː
'ɪ
ŋgl
ɪʃ'
l
æŋgwɪ
ʤ] i
ňli
sdi
l
i анг
лийскийязык

t
heGar
agum Deser
t [
ðəGar
agum '
dezət
] Gar
agum çöl
i пу
стыняКараку
мы

TheMemor
ial
Compl
ex [
ðəmə'
mɔː
rɪ
əl'
kɔmpl
eks] Ýady
gär
li
kl
ert
opl
umy Mемориальныйкомплекс

t
het
ube [
ʧuː
b] t
unnel
,met
ro(
Londonda) т
уннель,
мет
ро(
вЛондоне)

TheUni
tedSt
atesof [
ˌ
juː
es'
eɪ] ABŞ,Amer
ikany
ňBi
rl
eşen США,
Соединённые
Ameri
ca Şt
atl
ary
Шт
атыАмерики

t
hei
r [
ðeə] ol
ary
ň их

t
hen [
ðen] soň,
soňr
a пот
ом

t
her
e [
ðeə(
r)] ol
ýer
de т
ам

t
hese [
ðiː
z] bul
ar,
şul
ar эт
и

t
hey [
ðeɪ
] ol
ar они

t
hief [
θiː
f] ogr
y вор,
похит
итель
t
hin [
θɪn] hor ху
дой,
худощавый

t
his [
ðɪs] şu эт
от

t
hose [
ðəuz] ol
ar,
şol
ar т
е

t
hri
vi
ng [
ˈ
θraɪ
vɪŋ] gül
l
äpösý
än процвет
ающий

t
hrowaway [
θrəuə'
weɪ
] zy
ňmak выбрасыват
ь

Thur
sday [
'
θɜː
zdeɪ
] pеnşеnbе(
hеpdäni
ňdör
dünj
i чет
верг
güni
)

t
icket [
'
tɪkɪ
t] pet
ek билет

t
idy [
'
taɪ
dɪ] 1.ar
assal
amak; 1)убират
ь, приводит
ьв
порядок,2)опрятный,чист
ый
2.ar
assa

t
ie [
taɪ
] gal
stuk г
алст
ук

t
iger [
'
taɪ
gə] gapl
aň т
игр

t
ime [
taɪ
m] wagt время

t
ip [
tɪ
p] çaýpul
yber
mek дат
ьчаевые

t
ir
ed [
'
taɪ
əd] ý
adaw у
сталый

t
oawar
d [
ə'
wɔː
d] sy
lagl
amak прису
ждат
ь,наг
раждат
ь

t
obef
ri
ght
ened [
'
fraɪ
tənəd] gor
kmak пу
гат
ься

t
obook [
təbʊk] sar
gytet
mek заказат
ь

t
obr
usht
eet
h [
brʌ
ʃti
ː
θ] di
şar
assal
amak чист
итьзу
бы

t
ocook [
təkuk] naharbi
şir
mek г
отовит
ь(еду
)

t
odohomewor
k [
təduː
'həumwɜː
k] öýi
şini
etmеk сделат
ьдомашнеезадание

t
oeatout [
iː
taut
] öý
dendaşar
yýer
dei
ýi
p-i
çmek пит
атьсявнедома

t
oedi
t [
'
edɪ
t] düzedi
şgi
ri
zmek редакт
ироват
ь

t
ogohome [
təgəuhəum] öý
еgaý
tmak идт
идомой

t
ogot
obed ý
atmak ложит
ьсяспат
ь

t
oschool [
tuː
skuː
l
] mеkdеbе,
mеkdеbеt
arap вшколу

t
oshar
e [
ʃeə] paý
laşmak делит
ься

t
ospeakTur
kmen [
təː
spi
ː
k't
ɜːkmən] t
ürkmеnçеgеpl
еmеk г
оворит
ьпо-
туркменски

t
otag [
tæg] goşmak,
ber
kit
mek закрепит
ьдобавлят
ь

t
oday [
tə'
deɪ
] şugün сег
одня

t
oget
her [
tə'
geðə] bi
l
е,bi
l
еli
kdе с,
вмест
е,совмест
но

t
omat
o [
tə'
mɑː
təu] pomi
dor помидор

t
omor
row [
tə'
mɔr
əu] er
ti
r завт
ра

t
ongue [
tʌŋ] di
l язык

t
oo [
tuː
] hеm т
ожет
акже
t
ook [
tuk] “
tot
ake”(
almak)i
şli
gini
ň прошедшеевремяотг
лаг
ола
“t
otake”(
брат
ь)
öt
еnzamanf
ormasy

t
orch [
tɔː
tʃ
] al
aw факел,
фонарь

t
our
nament [
'
tʊə(
r)nəmənt
] ý
ary
ş,bäsl
eşi
k т
урнир,
соревнование

t
own [
taun] şähеr(
kiçi
şäher
) г
ородок

t
oy [
tɔɪ
] oý
unj
ak иг
рушка

t
oycar [
tɔɪkɑː
] oý
unj
akmaşy
n иг
рушечнаямашина

t
oyt
rai
n [
tɔɪt
reɪ
n] oý
unj
akot
ly иг
рушечныйпоезд

t
oyt
ruck [
tɔɪt
rʌk] oý
unj
aký
ükmaşy
n иг
рушечныйг
рузовик

t
radi
ti
on [
tr
ə'dɪ
ʃ(ə)
n] däp-
dessur т
радиция

t
radi
ti
onal [
tr
ə'dɪ
ʃ(ə)
n(ə)
l] mi
l
li т
радиционный

t
rai
n [
tr
eɪn] ot
ly поезд

t
rai
ner
s [
'
treɪ
nəz] spor
taý
akgaby кроссовки

t
rai
ning [
'
treɪ
nɪŋ] t
ürgenl
eşmeokuwy обу
чение,
тренировка

t
rav
ell
i
ng [
'
træv
əlɪ
ŋ] sy
ýahat
,jahankeşdel
i
k пу
тешест
вие

t
reat [
tr
iː
t] hödüret
mek у
гощат
ь

t
rench [
tr
enʧ] çukur
,ýap канава,
окоп

t
rophy [
'
trəʊf
ɪ] baý
rak т
рофей,
приз

t
rouser
s [
'
trauz
əz] bal
ak,
jal
bar брюки

t
rust [
tr
ʌst
] y
nanmak,
ynam bi
l
dir
mek верит
ь,доверят
ь

t
rut
h [
tr
uːθ]
] haky
kat правда,
ист
ина

t
ryon [
'
traɪ
'ɔn] geý
ipgör
mek примерят
ь

T-
shi
rt [
ti
ːʃɜː
t] maý
ka фу
тболка

Tuesday [
'
t(j
)uː
zdɪ
] si
şеnbе(
hеpdäni
ňiki
nji
güni
) вт
орник

t
uli
p [
'
t(j
)uː
l
ɪp] çi
gil
dem gül
i т
юльпан

t
umbl
e [
'
tʌmbl
] büdr
emek,
ýyky
lmak падат
ь,спот
ыкат
ься

Tur
kmen [
'
tɜː
kmən] 1.t
ürkmеn, 1.т
уркмен,

2.t
ürkmеnçе, 2.т
уркменский,

3.t
ürkmеndi
l
i 3.т
уркменскийязык

t
wil
l /
twɪ
l/ ör
ülenmat
a переплет
ённаят
кань

t
winset i
ki
li
geý
im двойка

t
wof
old [
'
tuː
fəul
d] i
kiesse двойной

Uu
ugl
y [
'
ʌgl
ɪ] bet
nyşan у
родливый

UK [
ˌ
juː
'
keɪ
] Bi
rl
eşenKor
oll
yk СоединённоеКоролевст
во

umbr
ell
a [
ʌm'
brel
ə] saý
awan зонт

unani
mousl
y [
juː
ˈ
nænɪ
məsl
ɪ] bi
ragy
zdan единог
ласно

uncl
e [
'
ʌŋkl
] daý
y дядя

uncov
er [
ʌn'
kʌv
ə] açmak,
ýüzeçy
kar
mak,
tapmak обнару
живат
ь,раскрыват
ь

under [
'
ʌndə] aşagy
nda,
ast
ynda под

unev
enness [
ʌnˈ
i
ːvənɪ
s] t
eki
zýa-
dadüzbol
mazl
yk неравномерност
ь

unheal
thy [
ʌn'
hel
θɪ] sagl
ygazy
ýanl
y нездоровый

uni
for
m [
ˈ
juː
nɪf
ɔːm] bi
rmeňzeşeşi
k у
ниформа

uni
que [
juː
ˈ
niː
k] ý
eke-
täk,
aýr
aty
n,üý
tgeşi
k у
никальный

unl
i
mit
ed /
ʌnˈ
l
ɪmɪ
tɪd/ çäksi
z неог
раниченный

USA [
juː
eseɪ
] ABŞ США

usef
ulness /
ˈj
uːsf
ʊlnəs/ peý
da,
haý
yr польза

usual
l
y [
'
juː
ʒ(ə)
lɪ
] köpl
enç обычно,
обыкновенно

Vv

v
acat
ion [
və'
keɪ
ʃn] dy
nçal
yşmöwsümi канику
лы

v
acuumi
ng [
ˈ
vakj
ʊəmi
ŋ] py
lesosl
amak чист
итьпылесосом

v
all
ey [
'
væl
ɪ] düzl
ük долина

v
ari
ous [
ˈ
veər
iəs] köpgör
nüşl
i
,dür
li разные

v
ase [
vɑː
z] gül
dan ваза

v
eget
abl
es [
'
veʤ(
ə)t
əbl
z] gökönüml
er овощи

v
ehi
cle [
ˈ
viː
ɪkl
] ul
ag т
ранспорт

v
erge [
vɜː
ʤ] çet
,gy
ra край

v
ery [
'
ver
ɪ] ör
än очень

v
erymuch [
'
ver
ɪ:mʌ
ʧ] ör
änköp,
örän очень

v
erywel
l [
'
ver
ɪ:wel
] ör
änoňat оченьхорошо

v
et [
vet] mal
lukmal
y вет
еринар

v
ict
im [
'
vɪkt
ɪm] wepatbol
anl
ar,
eji
rçekenl
er жерт
ва

v
iew [
vj
uː] gör
nüş,
gar
aýy
ş,gözý
eti
m предст
авление

v
il
lage [
'
vɪl
ɪʤ] oba село

v
irt
ual /
ˈvɜː
tj
ʊəl
/ hy
ýal
daky вирт
уальный
v
isi
t [
'
vɪzɪ
t] gezel
enç,
gezel
ençet
mek поездка,
посет
ить

v
oll
eybal
l [
'
vɔl
ɪbɔː
l
] wol
eýbol волейбол

v
ulner
abl
e [
ˈ
vʌl
nər
əbl
] gowşak у
язвимый

Ww

wakeup [
weɪ
kʌp] oý
anmak просну
ться

wal
k [
wɔː
k] (
pyý
ada)ý
öremek ходит
ь(пешком)

war
m [
wɔː
m] maý
yl,
ýyl
y т
ёплый

was [
wɔz] “
tobe”(
bol
mak)i
şli
gini
ňöt
еn прошедшеевремяотг лаг
ола
“t
obe”(
быть,находит
ься)
zamanf
ormasy

wash [
wɔʃ
] ý
uwmak мыт
ь,ст
ират
ь

washt
hedi
shes [
wɔʃðədɪ
ʃ(ə)
z] gap-
gaçl
aryý
uwmak мыт
ьпосу
ду

wat
ch [
wɔʧ] gör
mek,
gözegçi
l
iket
mek смот
рет
ь,наблюдат
ь

wat
chTV [
wɔʧˌ
t
iː
'v
iː
] t
elewi
zorgör
mek смот
рет
ьтелевизор

wat
er [
'
wɔː
tə] suw вода

wat
ercol
or [
'
wɔː
təˌ
kʌl
ə] akwar
el акварель,
акварельныекраски

wat
ermel
on [
'
wɔː
tə'
mel
ən] gar
pyz арбу
з

wat
ersl
i
des [
ˈ
wɔː
t̬əˌ
sl
aɪd] suwl
ysy
panj
ak воднаяг
орка

we [
wiː
] bi
z мы

wear [
weə] geý
mek носит
ьодежду

weav
e [
wiː
v] dokamak т
кат
ь

Wednesday [
'
wenzdeɪ
] çar
şеnbе(
hеpdäni
ňüçünj
igüni
) среда

week [
wiː
k] hеpdе неделя

weekend [
ˌ
wiː
k'
end] hepdäni
ňdy
nçgünl
eri выходныедни

wei
ght
li
ft
er [
weɪ
tl
ɪf
tə] agy
rat
let
ikaçy т
яжелоат
лет

wel
l [
wel
] gowy
,ýagşy хорошо

West [
west
] günbat
ar запад

what [
wɔt
] nämе,
nähi
l
i,haý
sy какой,
как,
что

when [
wen] haçan,
näwagt ког
да

wher
e [
weə] ni
rе,
nir
еdе г
де,
куда

whi
ch [
wɪʧ] haý
sy какой,
кот
орый

whi
te [
waɪ
t] ak белый

whi
te-
mar
ble [
waɪ
t'mɑː
bl] akmer
mer
(den) белыймрамор
who [
huː
] ki
m кт
о

wi
l
d [
waɪ
ld] ý
abany дикий

wi
l
l [
wɪl
] sеnli
k,ol
luký
öňkеmеlеrdе вспомогательныйглаголдля
ulanyl
ýannämäl
im gеl
jеkzaman образованиябудущего
ýasaýj
ykömеkçii
şli
k времениво2- ми3-мл.ед.и
мн.ч.

wi
ndow [
'
wɪndəu] äpi
şge окно

wi
ng [
wɪŋ] ganat крыло

wi
nter [
'
wɪnt
ə] gy
ş зима

wi
nterbr
eak [
'
wɪnt
əbr
eɪk] gy
şkydy
nçal
yşmöwsümi зимниеканику
лы

wi
ntercl
othes [
'
wɪnt
əkl
əuðz] gy
şeşi
kl
eri зимняяодежда

wi
ntergames [
'
wɪnt
əgeɪ
mz] gy
şkyoý
unl
ar зимниеиг
ры

wi
ntergamescompl
ex [
'
wɪnt
əgeɪ
mz'
kɔmpl
eks] gy
şkyoý
unl
art
opl
umy спортивныйкомплексдля
зимнихигр

wi
nterhol
i
day
s [
'
wɪnt
ə'hɔl
ɪdɪ
z] gy
şkydy
nçal
yşmöwsümi зимниеканику
лы

wi
sdom [
'
wɪzdəm] paý
hasl
yl
yk,
danal
yk му
дрост
ь

wi
sh [
wɪʃ
] ar
zuw мечт
а

wi
zar
d [
ˈ
wɪz
əd] j
ady
göý маг

wol
f [
wul
f] möj
ek волк

woman [
'
wumən] aý
al женщина

wool [
wul
] ý
üň шерст
ь

wor
d [
wɜː
d] söz слово

wor
k [
wɜː
k] i
ş,i
şlеmеk работ
а,работ
ать

wor
ker [
'
wɜː
kə] i
şçi работ
ник

wor
ld [
wɜː
l
d] düný
ä мир

wr
it
e [
raɪ
t] ý
azmak писат
ь

wr
it
ing [
'
raɪ
tɪŋ] ý
azuw письмо

wr
ote [
rəut
] “t
owri
te“(ýazmak)i
şli
gini
ňöt
еn прошедшеевремя“
towr
it
e”
zamanfor
masy (писат
ь)

Xx

X-
ray [
'
eksr
eɪ] r
ent
genşöhl
esi рент
ген

Yy
y
ard [
jɑː
d] howl
y двор

y
ear [
jɪ
ə] ý
yl г
од

y
ell
ow [
'
jel
əu] sar
y(r
еňk) жёлт
ый

y
est
erday [
'
jest
ədeɪ
] düý
n вчера

y
oghur
t [
'
jɔgət
] ý
ogur
t йог
урт

y
oung [
jʌ
ŋ] ý
aş молодой

Zz

zebr
a [
'
zi:
brə] zebr
a зебра

zoo [
zuː
] haý
wanatbagy зоопарк

CONTENTS

UNI
T1.MYFAMI
LYANDME

Lesson1.Gr
ammarRev
isi
on.Ar
ti
clesi
nphr
ases.

Lesson2.Fami
l
ytr
adi
ti
ons.Fami
l
yhol
i
day
s.

Lesson3.Soci
alcust
oms.Recei
vi
ngguest
s.

Lesson4.Buy
ingapr
esent
.Wr
it
ingapost
car
d.Pr
ojectwor
k.

UNI
T2.APERSONDAYBYDAY

Lesson1.Moder
nway
sofl
i
fe.St
ruct
ureusedt
odo.Ar
ti
cleswi
thnouns.

Lesson2.Communi
cat
ionandourl
i
fe.Moder
nway
sofcommuni
cat
ion.

Lesson3.Mobil
econnecti
on.TheInt
ernetconnect
ion.(
Tel
ecommuni
cat
ion,
y
ou-
tube,
google)Str
uct et
ur obe/ t
ogetusedtodo.
Lesson4.Emai
landSky
pe.Pr
ojectwor
k

UNI
T3.SOCI
ETYANDME.

Lesson1.Ther
ulesofet
iquet
te.Aboutgoodmanner
s.
 Lesson2.Aboutmymanner
s.Iam i
nmycl
assmat
e’spoi
nt.Compound
nouns.

Lesson3.Cl
othesf
ordi
ff
erentsi
tuat
ions.Myst
yleofcl
othi
ng.

Lesson4.Busi
nessst
yle.Condi
ti
onal
s.Pr
ojectwor
k.

UNI
T4.MYMOTHERLANDANDENGLI
SHSPEAKI
NGCOUNTRI
ES-

Lesson1.Hol
i
day
sinTur
kmeni
stan.Neut
ral
i
tyDay
.

Lesson2.Histor
ical
placesofTur
kmeni
stan.Hi
stor
ical
placesofGr
eat
Br
itai
n.

Lesson3.Economi
cdev
elopmentofTur
kmeni
stan.Wr
it
ingaper
sonal
l
ett
er.

Lesson4.Economi
cdev
elopmentofGr
eatBr
it
ain.Economi
cdev
elopment
of
t
heUSA.Pr
ojectwor
k.

UNI
T5.NATUREANDME

Lesson1.Ecol
ogyandenv
ironment
.

Lesson2.Pr
eser
vat
ionoft
heenv
ironment
.Wi
l
d-l
i
feconser
vat
ion.

Lesson3.Nowr
uzhol
i
day
.“Adr
opofwat
eri
sagr
ainofgol
d”.

Lesson4.Ear
thDay.Pr
ojectwor
k.

UNI
T6.CULTUREANDME

Lesson1.Aboutl
i
ter
atur
e.FamousTur
kmenwr
it
ers.

Lesson2.FamousEngl
i
shandAmer
icanwr
it
ers.

Lesson3.Myf
avour
it
ewr
it
er.

Lesson4.Goi
ngt
othet
heat
re/ci
nema.Pr
ojectwor
k.

UNI
T7.TRAVELLI
NGANDME

Lesson1.Lei
sur
eti
me.Howt
orestwel
l
.
 Lesson2.Goingt
oresor
ts.Resor
tsi
nTur
kmeni
stan.Al
though/t
hough/
ev
en
though.

Lesson3.Resor
tsi
nGr
eatBr
it
ain.Resor
tsi
ntheUSA.

Lesson4.Wr
it
ingaper
sonal
let
ter
.Pr
ojectWor
k.

UNI
T8.MYFUTUREANDME

Lesson1.Thewor
ldofwor
k.Qual
i
ficat
ionsandexper
ience.

Lesson2.Communi
cat
iveski
l
ls.Wor
kingi
nagr
oup.

Lesson3.Apr
ofessionalorprofessi
onal
i
sm.Fol
l
owone’
sexampl
e.
Timeexpressions.Li
keandas.
Lesson4.Appl
yi
ngf
oraj
ob.Wr
it
ingaCV.Pr
ojectWor
k.

Reader
………………………………………………………………………….
.

Engl
i
sh-
Tur
kmen-Russi
anv
ocabul
ary