Philosophical

Problem:
ETHICS
Reporter: Rosel Orias
 OVERVIEW:

ETHICS
• DERIVED FROM THE GREEK WORD "ETHOS"
MEANING "MORAL PHILOSOPHY"

• CONCERNED ABOUT HUMAN CONDUCT AND

DEALS WITH NORMS OR STANDARDS OF
RIGHT OR WRONG APPLICABLE TO HUMAN
BEHAVIOR
ETHICS
Another problem in philosophy is about ethical
truths. If in the previous discussion, the
question of empirical truth is viewed to be
uncertain, ethical truths are all the more
analyzed. Can there be an objectivity in the
rightness or wrongness of actions which are
considered under the lens of morality? Can a
moral law that is true for all people regardless
of qualifications be found?.
 ETHICS
Practicality may dissuade a person from asking
these basic questions and remain limited in the
perspectives of what is only useful and
expedient. However, a true lover of wisdom will
not hide behind what is already accepted as
true. A philosopher will instead continue to ask
and analyze, reflect, and form more verifiable
claims and reduce errors in thinking.
 What is
Ethical Truths?
ETHICAL TRUTHS - it pertain to principles or
beliefs about what is morally right or wrong.

- They can vary among individuals and cultures,

leading to ethical relativism.

- Some common ethical theories include

utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics,
each offering different perspectives on how to
determine ethical truths.
Why is Ethical Truth
a Philosophical
Problem?
SUBJECTIVITY
• Ethics often involves questions
about what is right or wrong, and
these judgments can vary from
person to person, culture to
culture, or context to context.
MORAL RELATIVISM
- is the belief that moral principles are
not universally objective but instead
depend on cultural, societal, or
individual perspectives.
- It suggests that what is considered
morally right or wrong can vary from
one culture, society, or person to
another.
 NORMATIVE ETHICS
• is a branch of ethics that
deals with determining what is
morally right and wrong.
• It provides frameworks and
theories to guide individuals
in making ethical decisions
and evaluating the morality of
actions.
META-ETHICS
• demonstrate the complexity of
understanding the foundations and nature
of morality and why it continues to be a
central topic of philosophical inquiry.
- Philosophers explore the nature of ethical
language and concepts, asking questions like
"What does it mean for something to be morally
right?" or "Do moral facts exist independently of
human beliefs?"
 MORAL DILEMMAS
• Ethical truth becomes particularly
challenging when dealing with
conflicting moral principles or
situations where there is no clear-
cut answer.
• Philosophers often wrestle with
how to resolve such dilemmas.
CULTURAL VARIATION
- diversity of moral beliefs
across cultures and historical
periods raises questions about
whether ethical truths are
culturally contingent or
whether there are any universal
moral principles.
MORAL SKEPTICISM
- Some philosophers, known as
moral skeptics, question whether
ethical truths exist at all, leading
to debates about the foundations
of morality.
Ethical truth is a philosophical
problem because;

1) it involves profound inquiries

into the nature of morality, the
basis of moral judgments, and

2) the possibility of arriving at

objective or universal ethical truths
amid the complexities and diversity
of human values and beliefs.
THANK YOU!
Now open for Questions and
Clarifications
In your understanding,
how did Ethical Truth
became a Philosophical
Problem?
 What is the effect of
individual perspectives in
Ethical Truths?
 What is the difference
between Moral Relativism
and Ethical Relativism?