INTRODUCTION

Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet’s

overall temperature. Though this warming trend has
been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly
increased in the last hundred years due to the burning
of fossil fuels. As the human population has increased,
so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Fossil
fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them
causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in
Earth’s atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is when the sun’s rays penetrate
the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the
surface cannot escape back into space. Gases
produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat
from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gasses
are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons,
water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. The excess
heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global
temperature to rise overtime, otherwise known as global
warming.
Global warming has presented another issue called
climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used
interchangeably, however, they are different. Climate
change refers to changes in weather patterns and
growing seasons around the world. It also refers to sea
level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and
melting ice sheets and glaciers. Global warming causes
climate change, which poses a serious threat to life on
Earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme
weather. Scientists continue to study global warming
and its impact on Earth.
ORGIN OF GLOBAL WARMING
Since the Industrial Revolution, the global annual
temperature has increased in total by a little more
than 1 degree Celsius, or about 2 degrees
Fahrenheit. Between 1880—the year that accurate
recordkeeping began—and 1980, it rose on average
by 0.07 degrees Celsius (0.13 degrees Fahrenheit)
every 10 years. Since 1981, however, the rate of
increase has more than doubled: For the last 40
years, we’ve seen the global annual temperature
rise by 0.18 degrees Celsius, or 0.32 degrees
Fahrenheit, per decade.

The average temperature of the Earth’s surface is now

about 1.1°C warmer than it was in the late 1800s
(before the industrial revolution) and warmer than at
any time in the last 100,000 years. The last decade
(2011-2020) was the warmest on record, and each of
the last four decades has been warmer than any
previous decade since 1850
Scientists in the 19th century Alexaander von began
to foresee the effects of climate change. In the
1820s, joseph flourier proposed the greenhouse
effect to explain why Earth's temperature was higher
than the sun's energy alone could explain. Earth's
atmosphere is transparent to sunlight, so sunlight
reaches the surface where it is converted to heat.
However, the atmosphere is not transparent to heat
radiating from the surface, and captures some of
that heat, which in turn warms the planet.
In 1856 Newton Foote demonstrated that the
warming effect of the sun is greater for air with
water vapour than for dry air, and that the effect is
even greater with carbon dioxide (CO2). She
concluded that "An atmosphere of that gas would
give to our earth a high temperature..."
Starting in 1859, John Tyndall established that
nitrogen and oxygen—together totalling 99% of dry
air—are transparent to radiated heat. However,
water vapour and gases such as methane and
carbon dioxide absorb radiated heat and re-radiate
that heat into the atmosphere. Tyndall proposed that
changes in the concentrations of these gases may
have caused climatic changes in the past,
including ice ages.
Svante Arrhenius noted that water vapour in air
continuously varied, but the CO2 concentration in air
was influenced by long-term geological processes.
Warming from increased CO2 levels would increase
the amount of water vapour, amplifying warming in a
positive feedback loop. In 1896, he published the
first climate model of its kind, projecting that
halving CO2 levels could have produced a drop in
temperature initiating an ice age. Arrhenius
calculated the temperature increase expected from
doubling CO2 to be around 5–6 °C. Other scientists
were initially sceptical and believed that the
greenhouse effect was saturated so that adding
more CO2 would make no difference, and that the
climate would be self-regulating.
Beginning in 1938, Guy Stewart Calendar published
evidence that climate was warming and CO2 levels
were rising, but his calculations met the same
objections.

CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon.
However, the increase in greenhouse gases is linked to
human activities. It is thus no surprise that the world's
leading climate scientists believe that human activities are
very likely the main cause of global warming since the
mid-twentieth century, mostly because of:

FOSSIL FUELS:

The massive use of fossil fuels is obviously the first source

of global warming, as burning coal, oil and gas produces
carbon dioxide - the most important greenhouse gas in the
atmosphere - as well as nitrous oxide.

DEFORESTATION:

The exploitation of forests has a major role in climate

change. Trees help regulate the climate by absorbing
CO2 from the atmosphere. When they are cut down, this
positive effect is lost and the carbon stored in the trees is
released into the atmosphere
INTENSIVE FARMING:
Another cause of global warming is intensive farming, not
only with the ever-increasing livestock, but also with plant
protection products and fertilizers. In fact, cattle and sheep
produce large amounts of methane when digesting their
food, while fertilizers produce nitrous oxide emissions.
WASTE DISPOSAL:
Waste management methods like landfills and
incineration emit greenhouse and toxic gases - including
methane - that are released into the atmosphere, soil and
waterways, contributing to the increase of the greenhouse
effect.

OVERCONSUMPTION:

Finally, overconsumption also plays a major role in climate

change. In fact, it is responsible for the overexploitation of
natural resources and emissions from international freight
transport, which both contribute to global warming
 EFFECTS OF GLOBAL
WARMING

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON

WEATHER:
Global temperatures rose about 1.8°F (1°C) from 1901
to 2020.Sea level rise has accelerated from 1.7 mm/year
throughout most of the twentieth century to 3.2 mm/year
since 1993.Glaciers are shrinking: average thickness of
30 well-studied glaciers has decreased more than 60
feet since 1980.The area covered by sea ice in the
Arctic at the end of summer has shrunk by about 40%
since 1979.The amount of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere has risen by 25% since 1958, and by about
40% since the Industrial Revolution. Snow is melting
earlier compared to long-term averages
Many extreme temperature conditions are becoming
more common. Since the 1970s, unusually hot summer
days (highs) have become more common over the last
few decades in the United States. Unusually hot summer
nights (lows) have become more common at an even
faster rate. This trend indicates less “cooling off” at night.
Although the United States has experienced many
winters with unusually low temperatures, unusually cold
winter temperatures have become less common—
particularly very cold nights (lows).
Record-setting daily high temperatures have become
more common than record lows. Heat waves are
occurring three times more often than they did in the
1960s—about six per year compared with two per year.
The average heat wave season is 49 days longer, and
individual heat waves are lasting longer and becoming
more intense.
The occurrence of abnormally high annual precipitation
totals (as defined by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration) has also increased. Tropical
storm activity in the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, and
the Gulf of Mexico has increased during the past 20
years. Storm intensity, a measure of strength, duration,
and frequency is closely related to variations in sea
surface temperature in the tropical Atlantic and has risen
noticeably during that time.
Average drought conditions across the nation have varied
over time. The 1930s and 1950s saw the most
widespread droughts, while the last 50 years have
generally been wetter than average. Specific trends vary
by region, as the West has generally experienced more
drought while the Midwest and Northeast have become
wetter.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON
HUMANS:
IPCC predicts that global warming will worsen human
health conditions, especially in tropical regions. In places
like Africa, an increase in temperature signifies an
increase in mosquito populations, thus escalating the risk
of malaria, dengue and other insect-borne infections.
Other regions are also affected. The United States
experienced varying levels of malaria outbreaks.
Prolonged periods of abnormally high temperatures can
have serious health effects on vulnerable populations,
such as the elderly and the sick. This was already seen
during the 2003 heatwave in Europe, which claimed
approximately 35,000 lives. In a study by Hadley Centre
for Climate Prediction and Research in the United
Kingdom, scientists using computer models showed how
greenhouse gas emissions have increased the likelihood
of heatwaves. The most common health effect is
hyperthermia or heatstroke that can be fatal if left
untreated. IPCC predicts that global warming will lead to
hot days, followed by nights of high temperatures
Global warming can result in droughts that can worsen
living conditions, particularly in Africa. The World Wild
Fund has reported that climate change can drastically
alter rainfall pattern, and risk water and food supplies for
millions. The IPCC report estimates that approximately 75
million to 250 million people in Africa will be without
adequate water and will face food shortages by 2020, as
crop productivity will decline by about 50 per cent. Rising
temperatures could also result in food shortages for 130
million people in Asia.
People suffering from heart problems are more
vulnerable to increased temperatures, especially those
living in already warm areas, as their cardiovascular
system must work harder to keep their body cool. Hot
temperatures increase the ozone concentration, which
can damage people's lung tissue and cause complications
for asthma patients and those with lung diseases.

Extreme heat and poor air quality increase

complications from underlying heart and respiratory
conditions like asthma, renal failure, and pre-term birth,
and as temperatures rise, there will be more heat-
related illness and deaths in both urban and rural areas.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON
ANIMALS:
The loss of habitat is one of the most significant impacts of
climate change on wildlife. As temperatures rise and rainfall
patterns shift, many ecosystems are undergoing profound
changes, leading to the loss of habitats for many species. For
example, as temperatures increase, polar ice caps are melting,
leading to a loss of habitat for animals such as polar bears,
walruses, and seals.
Climate change is causing significant changes in the migration
patterns of many species, from birds and butterflies to marine
mammals and fish. Migration is a complex and highly
coordinated process that is driven by a range of environmental
cues, such as changes in temperature, day length, and food
availability. However, with climate change altering these cues,
many species are struggling to adapt to the new conditions.
The decline of species populations is one of the most alarming
impacts of climate change on wildlife. As temperatures rise and
habitats are lost or fragmented, many species are struggling to
adapt, leading to declines in their populations. This can have
significant ecological and socio-economic consequences, as it
can disrupt ecological processes and reduce the services that
ecosystems provide to humans.
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON
ENVIRONMENT:
Climate change will continue to have a significant impact
on ecosystems and organisms, though they are not
impacted equally. The Arctic is one of the ecosystems
most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, as it is
warming at least twice the rate of the global average and
melting land ice sheets and glaciers
contribute dramatically to sea level rise around the
globe.
Some living things are able to respond to climate
change; some plants are blooming earlier and some
species may expand their geographic range. But these
changes are happening too fast for many other plants
and animals as increasing temperatures and changing
precipitation patterns stress ecosystems.
Some invasive or nuisance species,
like lionfish and ticks, may thrive in even more places
because of climate change.
Changes are also occurring in the ocean. The ocean
absorbs about 30% of the carbon dioxide that is
released into the atmosphere from the burning of fossil
fuels. As a result, the water is becoming more acidic,
affecting marine life. Sea levels are rising due to thermal
expansion, in addition to melting ice sheets and glaciers,
putting coastal areas at greater risk of erosion and storm
surge.
The compounding effects of climate change are leading
to many changes in ecosystems. Coral reefs are
vulnerable to many effects of climate change: warming
waters can lead to coral bleaching, stronger hurricanes
can destroy reefs, and sea level rise can cause corals to
be smothered by sediment. Coral reef ecosystems are
home to thousands of species, which rely on healthy
coral reefs to survive.
PREVENTIONS OF GLOBAL
WARMING:
There are many changes we can bring about in our life
both big and small to prevent global warming and save
our planet. Firstly, we must stop deforestation in all forms.
Do not cut down more trees as it will only worsen the
level of carbon dioxide in the air. Instead, encourage
people to plant even more trees to create a fine balance
in nature.

Moreover, it reduces the usage of energy everywhere. It

does not matter if you are at your home or at your office,
the higher the energy used the more the carbon dioxide
produced. Thus, do not waste electricity as it requires the
burning of fossil fuels. As a result of the burning of fossil
fuels, greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increase
rapidly and contribute to global warming. Moreover,
reduce the carbon footprint and do not travel through
planes that often.

Most importantly, replace all your ordinary bulbs with LED

lights. It will help in reducing the use of energy by a
massive amount. Similarly, do not waste that energy.
Instead of becoming more dependent, we need to reduce
our dependence on fossil fuels and electricity right away.

opt for eco-friendly options like solar energy and win

power. Take up the habit of recycling and reusing. Do not
throw away things instead learn to reuse them properly.
Further, carpool with your neighbours and relatives to not
contribute to automobile exhausts and emissions
Afforestation: Afforestation on a large scale area helps in
decreasing the release of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere.
Conservation of energy: Switching to renewable sources
of energy such as solar energy, wind energy, etc will
reduce the use of fossil fuels. This eventually reduces the
release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Policy intervention: When the government comes up with
strict policies to maintain the overall air quality of the city.
Recycle: We here at Woodly could not emphasise this
enough because the facts behind recycling are foolproof.
Recycling is the easiest way to help prevent global
warming but also one of the most beneficial solutions to
a global problem. Recycling and reusing plastic products
is obviously an important cause to us. In fact, studies
have shown that Woodly material can be recycled up to
five times without any deterioration in its properties.
Meaning this: if you see our sign on a package, rest
assured you are making the right call for the benefit of the
environment when choosing us.
Manage your energy consumption: Think about how you
can use less electricity at home. Does every room need
to be lit? What about those chargers that are plugged in
but not being used? It’s simple choices like these that
make a difference in the grand scheme of things. Using
less causes your electricity provider to expend less
energy and thus producing less greenhouse gas
emissions.
 CONCLUSION
Global warming is not something to take lightly. The
oceans are warming, the polar ice caps are melting, and
greenhouse gas levels are at an all-time high. These are
just some of the things that the claims-makers for the
global warming cause have said. The science has
proven them right. So, the ultimate claim is that humans
are a large factor in the increased rate of global
warming. There are claims-makers of all kinds fighting
about whether that is true or not. The solutions proposed
deal with a cleaner world, while the deniers will opt to do
nothing. This issue has turned political, and it seems
like nothing gets done until someone who believes in
global warming is in charge. Right now, that is not the
case. This issue will continue to get worse until there is
no turning back. Hopefully society can come to a
consensus to try and inhibit global warming. This is the
only way to keep the place we live healthy.