Headway Plus 004 Student Book

Upper-Internlediate
Student's Book
Liz and John Soars
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
CONTENTS
UNIT LANGUAGE FOCUS VOCABULARY READING
The tense system Compound words lifestyle, A home from home - two
No place like home home town, hOl/se-proud p 13 people describe their
Simple, co ntinu ous, perfect
p6 e)(periences of living
Active and passive p8
Spoken English abroad (jigsaw) plO
Info rm al language
Been here two days.
It's killd of boring. p8
Presen t Perfect Hot verbs - II/ake, do 'Paradise Lost' - how

2 Been there, done that! make way, do damage tourism is destroying
He's beel1 to Vietlranl.
pl 6 I could do with a ClIp of tea. the object of its
He's been staying ill hostels.
Simple an d con tinuo us He made up the whole story. affection p 19
He works for IBM. p23
I'm working with Jim. pIS
Spoken English
Being i111 precise
and stuff like th at
sort of
Fille rs
[ mean like fOllr in the morning. p24
Na rrative tenses Books and films 'Jane Austen - one of

..~ 3 What a story! It's a thriller set ill New York. the world's most
Pas t Sim ple, Past Co n tinuolls, Past Perfec t
p26 Has it been made into (J film? downloaded authors' p30
active and passive p26
Spoken English It staTTed Johnny Depp. p29
News an d res ponses
Did you read that stOI)' abolit
You're kidding!
I don 'r get it. p28
The use of like
It was like really alit of the ordinll/)'. p32
Questions and negatives Prefixes 'Diana and Elvis shot

f'i. 4 Nothing but the truth
Who gave YOLI that? disbelief, ill credible, JFK" - three of the
p34
Haven't I told you before? inlprobable world 's most popular
Who with? Antonyms in context conspiracy theories
I don 't think you're right. successfllllfailu re (jigsaw) p38
I hope 110t. p35 generolls/meal1ness p42
Spoken English
The questio n HO II' CO lli e?
How come YOll don't eat meat? p36
5 An eye to the future Future forms Hot verbs - take, put 'To day's teenagers are just
p44 will, goil1g to, shall take years to do sth fine' - young people
is staying pllt pressure 011 sb who have already
leaves Take YOllr time. achieved a great deal in
will be doing The shop takes all e.,xtra staff their lives p48
will have done p4S PlIt YOllr cigarette ali t. pSI
Spoken English
The wo rd th i ll~
How are til i;'gs?
The thing is, ... p49
6 Making it big EX'Pression s of q uan tity Words with variable stress A profile of two famous
p54 a few, a little, plenty of, hardly allY p55 'export and ex'port brands - Starbucks
Spoken English re'fuse and' refuse p60 and Apple Macintosh
Informal exp ressions of qua ntity (jigsaw) pS8
loads of, Il111SSeS of p56
Stop and check 2 Teacher's Book p153 -, . I

I
2
LISTENING SPEAKING EVERYDAY ENGLISH WRIT
'Things I miss from home' Exchanging information about Social expressions Applying for a job
people describe what they miss people who live abroad pi 0 Great to see ),Oll! A CV and a covering letter p II 0
when they travel abroad p 14 Discussion - the pros and cons DOII't I know ),ou from
of living abroad p 11 somewhere? p IS
An interview with Tashi Wheeler Information gap and roleplay Exclamations Informal letters
about her travels as a child with - Tony and Maureen Wheeler Wow! That's l/Ilbelievable! Correcting mistakes plI2
her parents, who founded the pIS How amazing'
LOl1ely Planet guides p24 Dreams come true - things to do What a brilliant idea'
before you d ie p22 What mbbish! p25
The money jigsaw - a news item Retelling a news story Showing interest and surprise Narrative writing 1
from the BBC's Radio 4 Today Responding to a news story p28 Echo questions Using adverbs in narratives
programme p32 Talking about your favourite A /lew job? I llsed to go skiing frequently ill
book or ftlm p29 Reply questions willler. p 113
'She works in a castlc.' 'Does
she?' p33
'My most memorable lie!' Discussion - good and bad lies Being polite Linking ideas
people confess to untruths p37 p37 I'm sorry to bother YOLI. Conjunctions
Exchanging information about Could you possibly change a whezzever, so that, even though
conspiracy theories p38 ten-pollnd note? p43 plI4
Arranging to meet - three friends Future possibilities in your life Telephone conversations 'v"riting emails
decide a time and a place to get p47 Beginning a call Emailing friends
together (jigsaw) pS2 Exchanging info rmation about Ending a call Sorry, can't make next Sat. pllS
people arranging to meet p52 Roleplay pS3
Radio advertisements - what's A lifestyle survey p56 Business expressions A consumer survey
the product? What's the selling Writing an advert p57 Bear with me. Report writing
point? p57 Exchanging information about I'll email the information as FAG: The Managing Director pII6
famous brands pS8 an attachment.
Opening a restaurant p60 N umbers, fractions, decimals,
dates, time, phone numbers,
sports scores p6I
3
UNIT LANGUAGE FOCUS VOCABULARY READING
Modals and related verbs 1 Hot verb - get 'Meet the Kippers' - an
7 Getting on together able to, manage to, bOlllld tD, supposed to, We get all wel/. article about grown-up
p62 get angry, get ill touch, get children who won't
allowed to p62
Spoken English olll of doing the washillg-up leave home p66
Declarative ques tion s p68
Your father arranged YOllr l1larriage?
Questions ex pressi ng surp rise
You paid how much? p65
Relative clauses Adverb collocations 'Chukotka, the coldest

8 Going to extremes Adverbs and adjectives place on earth' - an
that, who, what, whose, which p70
p70 article about a remote
Participles ver), cold, absolwely freezillg,
the WO/11an standing next to him quite nice p76 territory of Russia p74
a game played by fOllr people p7!
Spoken English
Add ing a comment with which
I bought al1 lImbrella, which was just as
well. p73
9 Things ain't what they Expressing habit Homonyms 'People and their money'
He's always borrowing III)' thillgs. (J IJe, match, book - an article about three
used to be! She'll spend 110IIrs staring into space. Homophones very different people
p78 M), dad would read me a story Iwedl - where or wear? and what money means
He IIsed to work hard, but now he's induzi - knows or nose? p84 to them p82
retired. p78
be used to doing
He 's a bllilder. He's lIsed to workillg
hard. p78
Spoken English
I ntensifyin g com po unds
scared stiff, dead eas), p8J
10 Risking life and limb Modal auxiliary verbs 2 Synonyms 'How the West was won'
p86 could have been The story of Jim and the - the story of settlers
might have done lion in nineteenth -century
shollidn't have gone buddies/friends America p90
needn't have bought p87 delicious/tasty p92
Spoken English
Expressio ns with modal verbs
YOli might as ,·vell.
I cOllldn't help it. p89
11 In your dreams Hypothesizing Word pairs 'Have you ever

p94 I wish I knew the answer. ups alld dOWl1s wondered?'
I'd rather they hadn't come. pros and cons - the answers to some
If ollly I'd told the trLlth' p95 ifs or bllts important questions in
Spoken English slowly but sllrely p97 life p97
Expressions with if
If all goes well ...
If the worst comes to the 1V0rst p96
12 It's never too late Articles Hot words - life and time 'You're never too old' - A
pl02 a/all, fil e, aile, zero article get a life, kiillime, dead all life in the day of Mary
Determiners time p 108 Hobson, who gained
each, every, /la, IJane, both, either p! 03 her PhD aged 74 p! 06
Spoken English
Demo nst ratives and determin ers
What's that so lind?
Every little helps. pi 04
. Stop ·and check 4 Teach'er's Book p158 ." . ""' ,.. ,..... ';:... .'" )~".
-
.. ., ;" ">'! ... , ,. I
I
Tapescripts p124 Grammar Reference p140 Extra material plS3
4
LISTENING SPEAKING EVERYDAY ENGLISH WRIT NG
Getting married - an Indian The pros and co ns of arranged Exaggeration and understatement Arguing your case
lady talks about her arranged marriages p6S He's got a bob or two. For and against
marriage p6S Discussion - when should young He's stinking rich. p69 first of all ... , not only ... but also
people leave home? p66 pl18
Extreme experiences - people Making descriptions longer p72 The world around - High Street Describing places
describe their experiences in Talking about your expe riences shops and signs My favourite part of town
extreme weathe r conditions p73 of extreme weather p73 Building Society, DIY Superstore I'm a Londoner, and proud of it.
p77 pl19
A teacher I'll never forget Discussion - a teacher I'll never Making your point Writing for talking
people describe a teacher who forget p81 The point I'm tlying to make What I want to talk about is ...
made a lasting impression on Discussion - money, lifestyle and IS ... pl20
them p81 happiness p82 [f),oLl want lIZ)' opinion ... p8S
Hilaire BeUoc's Cautionar), Tales The murder game - one man Metaphors and idioms - the body Formal and informal letters and
for Children - Jim, who ran drops dead in a country house: big-headed emails - Do's and don'ts
away from his nurse and was a whodunnit game p89 on its last legs Hi Amber! How are things with
eaten by a lion p92 Talking about children's stories finding my feet p93 you?pl21
p92
The interpretation of dreams Practising a conversation p97 Moans and groans Narrative writing 2
- Paul's amazing dream pI 00 Describing your dreams pI 00 I'm fed up with ... ! Linking words and expressions
WIJatapain! As soon as, Eventually, By this
It drives me mad! pI 0 I time, Finally pl22
Happy days - people talk about Discussion - the different ages Linking and commenting Adding emphasis in writing
what makes them happy and of life, and their pros and Personally, Anyway, Hopefully People of influence -
unhappy plOS cons plOS pl09 Zaha Hadid, architect p123
A song - That's life p 108
Phonetic symbols plS9
5
The tense system • Informal language • Compound words • Social expressions
- - - -~~. "
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

Which time expressions from the box can be used with the sentences below?
1 My parents met in Paris. 6 I wrote to my grandmother. when I was born never in the 19705
2 They travel abroad. 7 I'm going to work in the US. tonight frequently for ages ages ago
3 They were working in Canada. 8 My brother's flying to Abu Dhabi on business. the other day in a fortnight's time
4 I was born in Montreal. 9 He's been learning Arabic. recently during a snowstorm for a year
5 My grandparents have lived in Ireland. 10 I'll see you. since I was a child later sometimes
2 Talk to a partner about yourself and your family using some of the time expressions.
WRI TI NG HOME
Tense revision and informal language
1 Read the letter. Who is writing? Who to?

Where is he? What is he complaining about?
How old do you think the writer is?
2 Complete the questions. Then ask and answer
them with a partner.
1 'How long Max at
summer camp?'
'Just _ __
2 '____ he ____ a good time?'
'N 0, not really. He ____ very
homesick.' l-h MO~I I+i Dad!
3 'Is this his first time at summer camp?' Be~1'I here two days blAt see~s like FORf.Vf.R - it's kind
'N 0, it . He once ot boril'l~ and. I'~ .feelil'l~ vrx'{ homesitk - more homesitk than
before. Last year he to Pine last year 'talASe at Pine Trees we had more e)(.titil'l~ shH to
Trees.' do. i+ere we have an attivity tailed 'e)(.treme Sl.<1'1 tal'll'lin~', where
4 ' he like it at Pine Trees?' Yol.< sit ol.<tside .tor two hOlArs and do noth~I'I~. We also have ~n
'Oh, yes, he , very much.' attivity tailed 'siHil'l~ arolAl'ld playil'l~ thess . Last 'fear we did
5 'Why was that?' shH like arthery and ~ol.<l'Itail'l bikil'l~. I'm still hal'l~il'l~ in there,
'Because _ _ __
thol.<~h. qot to ~o to sleep now· We're makin~ thotolate thip
6 'What _~__ tomorrow?'
val'ltak~s .tor break.tast tOMorrow.
'He pancakes.'
7 'Why his cell phone?' Love Yol.< lots, Ma)C. )(.)(.)(.)(.)(.)(.
'Because _. _ __
p.S:. COl.<ld '1°1.< send Me MOre Money? Oh, and my tell phone.
3 DO Listen and check your answers. ALL the other kids have their tell phones!
6 Unit 1 • No place like home

GROVE HILL SUMMER CAMP
MONMOUTli COUNTY
--y:::--~~ -
4 Read Sophi e's ema il. W ha t is it abo ut? W ha t
do yo u lea rn about Sophie's likes an d dislikes?
• -
,....;#;:~
_~-';~:J;~
Wh ich tenses can you identify in the questions and answers in

W ho do you think Ca th erine is? Ask and exercises 2 and 47 Why are they used?
a nswer the qu estio ns w ith a partn er.
2 Informal writing often has lots of colloqu ial language and
How long/ Sophie/ New Zealand? words missed out.
2 How long/she/ Australia? kind o-.f bo\"in~ = quite boring
3 Who/ travel / with? Beerl here -two days bl.t-t seeMS = I've been here two days but
4 Why/ like New Zealand? like FORI:.VI:.R it seems like f orever.
5 Why/ like Kangaroo Island? I tal.lSe (US), I tos (U K) = because
6 Wh at / thei r car like? 3 Work with a partner. Read the letter and email aga in.
7 Which wildlife/ already?
1 What do 'stuff and 'hanging in there' mean in Max's letter? Find
8 Where/ next?
colloquial words in Sophie's email and express t hem less colloquia lly.
9 Why/ photos?
2 Find examples where w ords are missing. Which words?
5 IDI Listen and ch eck your answers. ~ Grammar Reference pp140-141
Sophie Beasley <sophie.beas@yoohoo.com>

Wed 16 March , 10.36 am
beasley1@ntl.com
New Zealand
Hello again Mum and Dad!

Nearl y two-thirds of the way through the trip now. Still having a gre at
time but mi ssin g home like crazy! Been in New Zealand nearly a week
and have met up with Catherine at last. Like it lots here. It has many
advantages over Australia, the main ones being that it's smaller and
cooler. Still, 3 weeks in Oz had its good points , despite the 44 degree
heat! Kangaroo Island (n ea r Adelaide) was my favourite place - loads
of wil dlife - did I tell you I'd seen platypuses there?
Here in New Zealand, first thing we did was buy a car. Went to the
classy sounding 'Del's Cars ' and , using our extensive mechanical
knowledge (ha! hail , chose a car and gave it a thorough examination
(i.e. checked the lights worked & the glove box could hold 8 large
bars of chocol ate). It's going OK so far, but sometimes makes strange
noises' We're taking things nice and slowly now. Have already seen
dolphins, wh ales, and enormous albatrosses.
So - that's it for now. We're heading up the west coast next. Thanks
for all your emails - it's great to get news from home. Can't wait to see
you. I'm sending you some photos so you won 't forget what I look like!
Sophie xx xxx (Cath erin e sends her best)
PRACTICE
Identifying the tenses
1 Complete the tense charts. Use the verb work for the active and make for the passive.
ACTIVE Simple Continuous PASSIVE Simple Continuous

Present he works we are working Present it is made they are being made
Past she I Past it it
Future they you Future they
Present Perfect we she Present Perfect they
Past Perfect I had worked you Past Perfect it
Future Perfect they he will have been working Future Perfect they will have been made
2 DO Listen to the lines of conversation and discuss Talk ing about you
what the context might be. Listen again and identify the
tenses. Which lines have contractions? 4 Complete these sentences with your ideas.
1 At weekends I often .. .
He's been working such
2 My parents have never .. .
long hours recently. He
3 I don't think I'll ever .. .
never sees the children.
4 I was saying to a friend just the other day that ...
- Could be a wife talking 5 I hate Sundays because ...
about her husband. 6 I'd just arrived home last night when ...
- Present Perfect 7 I was just getting ready to go out this morning
Continuous, Present when . ..
gimple. 8 I've been told that our teacher ...
9 In my very first English lesson I was taught .. .
- He's (He has) been
10 The reason I'm learning English is because .. .
working . ..
DB Listen and compare. What are the responses?
5 Work with a partner. Listen to each other's sentences
Discu ss ing grammar and respond.
3 Compare the meaning in the pairs of sentences.
Which tenses are used? Why? SPOKEN ENGLISH Missing words out
1 Klaus comes from Berlin. Which words are missing in these lines from conversations?
Klaus is coming from Berlin.
1 Heard about Jane and John getting engaged?
2 You're very kind. Thank you. 2 Leaving already? What's wrong?
You're being very kind. What do you want? 3 Failed again? How many times is that?
3 What were you doing when the accident happened? 4 Sorry I'm late. Been waiting long?
What did you do when the accident happened? 5 Doing anything interesting this weekend?
6 Like the car! When did you get it?
4 I've lived in Singapore for five years.
7 Bye Jo! See you later.
I lived in Singapore for five years.
8 Just coming! Hang on!
5 When we arrived, he tidied the flat. 9 Want a lift? Hop in.
. When we arrived, he'd tidied the flat. 10 Seen Jim lately?
6 We'll have dinner at 8.00, shall we?
Read the lines aloud to your partner and make suitable
Don't call at 8.00. We'll be having dinner. responses.
7 How much are you paying to have the house painted?
How much are you being paid to paint the house?
011 Listen and compare.
8 How do you do?
How are you doing?
8 Unit 1 . No place like home

A long -distance phone call
6 Read through these lines of a phone conversation. Kirsty is
calling her father. Where do you think she is? Why is she
there? Where is he? Work with a partner to complete h er
father's lines in the conversation.
D
K Dad! It's me, Kirsty.
D
K I'm fine, but still a bit jet-lagged.
D
K It's nin e hours ahead. I just ca n 't get used to it. Last
night I lay awake all n ight, and then today I nearly
fe ll asleep at work in the middle of a meeting.
D
K It's early days but I think it's going to be really good.
It's a big company but everybody's being so kind and
helpful. I've been trying to find out h ow everything
works.
D
K I've seen a bit. It just seems such a big, b usy city. I
d on't see h ow I'll ever find my way ro u nd it.
D
K N o, it's noth ing like Londo n. It's like nowhere else I've
ever been - m asses of huge b uild ings, underground
shopp ing ce n tres, lo ts of taxis and people - so m any
p eople - bu t it's so clean. No litter on the streets or
anythin g.
D
K Well , for the time being I've bee n given a tiny
apartment, but it's in a grea t pa rt of town.
D
K T hat's righ t. I won't be livi ng here for long. I'll be
o ffered a bigger place as soon as o ne becomes available,
which is good 'cos th is o ne really is tiny, bu t at least it's
near to whe re I'm working.
D
K W alk! Yo u 're kidding! It's not that close. It's a short
subway ride away. And the trains come so regularly
- it's a really easy journey, which is good 'cos I start
work very early in the morning.
D
K Again it's too early to say. I think I really will be enjoyin g
it all soon. I'm sure it's going to be a grea t experience.
It's just that I miss everyone at home so 111 uch.
D
K r will. I promise. And you email me back with aU
your news. I ju st love getting news from honle. Give
everyone my best. Bye.
D
DO Listen and compare. Identify some of the tenses
used in the conversation.
~ WRITING Applying for a job p110
Unit 1 • No place like home 9

READING AND SPEAKING
A home from home
1 Why do people go to live abroad? Make a

list of reasons and discuss with your class.
2 You are going to read about Ian Walker
Smith, who moved to Chile, and Thomas IAN W ALKEB·SDlITB XN CHll'Ji.,aE
Creed, who moved to Korea.
Which of these lines from the articles do Ian Walker-Smith comes
you think are about Chile (C) and which
about Korea (K)? from Crewe, England, but now
1 0 As we're 2,600 m above sea level, I easily lives and works in Chile. He's
get puffed when I'm exercising.
20 Soccer is a really big deal here ever since married to a Chilean woman,
they hosted the 2002 World Cup.
os Andrea, and works for a
3 0 ... we converse in what we call 'Espanglish'
European astronomical agency
40 ..,learning Chinese characters stinks.
5 0 ... its surrounding mines are said to make in the town of Paranal.
more money than any other city.
Ian says: ' I work shifts of eight days in Paranal, and get six to rest
6 0 I can eat spicy food like kimchee ... at home - in my case, the mining town of Antofagasta, a harrowing
7 0 It's also normal to roll out mattresses and JO two-hour drive away on the coast. It takes a real toll, being so far
sleep on the floor. from Andrea. I miss her when I'm away.
8 0 We now have a pleasant walkway along the
seafront. Where he works
I work at Paranal Observatory, where every night the boundaries
3 Divide into two groups.
of our universe are probed by four of the world's largest telescopes.
Group A Read about Ian on this page. I'm part of a 12-strong I.T. team which looks after evelything from
Group B Read about Thomas on p12. IS satellite ground stations to desktop support. My role is to make sure
Check your answers to exercise 2. the computers run 24/7. As Paranal is in the middle of nowhere - up
a mountain in the desert - the sky is truly amazing. As we're 2,600 m
4 Answer the questions about Ian or above sea level, I easily get puffed when I'm exercising and each time
Thomas. I arrive for a week on shift, I can't think straight or fast for the first
Where did he go to live abroad? Why? 20 day or so.
2 How long has he been there?
3 What does he do there?
4 What do you learn about his family?
5 What is the new home town like?
6 Have there been any difficulties?
7 In what ways is he (in the middle of
nowhere'?
8 Does he feel at home in his new home?
9 What does he like and dislike about
his new life?
10 What does he miss?
5 Find a partner from the other group.
Compare your answers. Who do you
think is happier about the move? Which
new home would you prefer?

Language work
Study the texts again and answer the
questions about these expressions. EX1'lain
the meanings to a partner who read the
other text.
Ian in Chile
1 It takes a real tolf, ... 1.10
What takes a toll? On what or who?
2 *.. . the computers run 24/ 7. 1.16
How long do the computers operate?
3 *{ easily get puffed .. . 1.18
When and why does he get puffed?
4 *.. . itchy feet .. . 1.22
Why did he get itchy feet?
5 .. . winter gloves. . . 1.46
What stili fits him like winter gloves?
Thomas in Korea
1 *... I'm really into soccer. 1.07
Is he a soccer fan?
2 *.. . a really big deal.. . 1.08
What is a really big deal? Why?
*... doesn't get it. 1.09
Why he moved Who doesn't get what? Why not?
I decided to move to Chile four years ago when I was a 25-year-old with 4 *... a big shot. 1.17
itchy feet and wanted to see the world. I was working for Littlewoods Who is a big shot? What makes him a big shot?
Home Shopping Group, and one day a colleague pointed out tIllS job in 5 *... the bad guy is beating him up. 1.53
Chile. We both thought it would be a good idea, but I was the one who Who is the bad guy beating up?
11 put a CV together.
Express all the lines marked with an
asterisk (*) in more formal English.
Life in Chlle
Landing at Santiago airport was my first experience of language being What do you think!'
such a barrier. I couldn 't speak more than a handful of words in
Spanish, and would you believe that my baggage had got lost! So my Work in groups.
fi rst couple of hours in Chile were spent tJ.ying to locate my lnissing • Close your eyes and think about your
JO possessions. Today I can order fo od in restaurants and argue with country. What would you miss most if
mechanics about my car, but I can't really make myself understood you went to live abroad? Compare ideas.
on any deeper level. I can't get my thoughts across as a native speaker
could. Andrea speaks pretty good English, and we converse in what we • Make a list of the disadvantages of moving
call 'Espanglish' - at least we can understand each other. abroad. Then for every disadvantage (-)
try to find an advantage (+).
)s Antofagasta, the town where we have made our home, was once
described in a Chilean advertising campaign as the 'Pearl of the North'. <:) The language barrier - maybe you don't speak
Let's just say that it's hardly a tourist destination (which is pretty the language.
much what you'd say about my home town, Crewe!). Antofagasta and
its surrounding mines are said to make more money for Chile than any <±) But this is all opportullity to learll a lIew
40 other city. During my time here, some money has been put back into
lallguage.
the city. The municipal beach has been much improved. We now have • Have any of your friends or family gone to
a pleasant walkway along the seafront. live in a foreign country? Why?
• Do you know anyone who has come
Wha.t he misses to live in your country from another
Even after four years, r don 't feel I belong. During the summer I went country? Why? Do they have any
back to the UK for a month's holiday - on landing at Heathrow, I felt at problems?
41 home straight away. What I miss most is greenery. My own culture still
• Which other countries would you like to
fits me like the winter gloves I left behind when I came to work in the
live in for a while? Why?
desert sun. Shame l ean 't say the same of my oId winter tJ.·ousers ... ,

THOMAS CREED IN' K9REA
'I'n1 part of the group now.
The only difference is I have
brown hair and blue eyes,'
says Thon1as Creed, an
eleven-year-old originally
fr0111 Boston, Massachusetts.
Thom.as says : ' These days I'm really into soccer. Soccer
is a really big deal here ever since they hosted the 2002
World Cup. But Dad doesn't get it. I wasn't a soccer fan
10 either when I first came to Seoul six years ago. Like my
dad, I was a big basketball fan - still am - watching all the
games Dad taped, cheering for the Celtics. But now, me
and my friends play soccer all the time. It's hard not to get
addicted! My best frien d Dong-won and I cut out photos
1\ of David Beckham and trade them like baseball cards.
Why he moved
My dad's an officer in the US Army, but he wasn't always
such a big shot. He had 'tours of duty' , which means Life in Korea
he's had to move around whether he liked it or not. Life's different here. Most homes don't have radiators
He's lived in places like Germany and Vietnam. My mom II the heat comes up through the floor instead. It 's done
10 and I always stayed back in Boston. She's a scientist. like this because most Koreans eat Q'oss-legged on floor
But then my dad and my big brother Patrick both got mats. It's easier than using chairs but it gives my father
transferred to Korea - Patrick's ten years older than me, leg cramps. It's also normal to roll out mattresses and
and he's in the Army, too. So our whole family moved sleep on the floor. That's how I sleep over at Dong
over. Seoul's cool. There are millions of places called 40 wan's house. Dong-wan's great and helped me a lot
!5 'PC rooms ' where you can play tons of Internet games. when I first started elementary school here. I was five
The city's a lot bigger than Boston, too, and way more and didn't know anything or anybody and was pretty
crowded and busy. I didn't like that at first. I couldn't scared. I even made my dad wait for me in the next
understand what anyone was room. Now I can speak Korean fluently, but learning
saying, and people here don't 41 Chinese characters stinks. I always do badly on those
JO always smile at strangers tests. I can eat spicy foods like kimchee, and I've read
Seoul
--;---=-,,:~_ _..... - like they do back in the US. a lot of Korean books and stories , which I like.
I felt lonely, like I was in the
middle of nowhere. Wha.t he misses
What I miss most are American comics. r lmow it's
so stupid 'cause there are lots of comics here, but they're
different. They don't have superheroes like Spiderman,
who always has something cool to say, even when the
bad guy is beating him up. Also, 1 wish basketball was
more popular. I love soccer bu t no one understands
\1 how awesome a 'slan1 dunk' can be.
But I like living here. The people are really nice, and
maybe I'll be a translator one day ... 01' even better, a
great soccer player like David Beckham. ,
• Lnctedible
• wilen a basketball player jumps up above the basket
and pushes the bali down into it
VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION
House and home
Compound nouns and adjectives

Words can combine to make new words.
Look at the examples. Whi ch are nouns and which
are adjectives?
life lifestyle lifelong life-size
life expectancy life insurance
Your dictionary can tell you when to use hyphens
and spaces.
2 Read the compounds aloud. Which words are stressed?
3 Look at the texts on pp10-12 and find some compound
nouns and adjectives.
1 How many new words can you make by combining a

word on the left with a word on the right? Which are
nouns and which are adjectives?
work made wife sick proud

home page plant town coming
house less grown bound warming
2 DO Listen to the conversations. After each one,

discuss these questions. Who is talking to who? What
about? Which compounds from exercise 1 are used?
'Please turn it down - Daddy's trying to do
3 Complete these lines from the conversations. your homework.'
1 I'm going away for two weeks. Do you think you
could possibly water my for me? 4 DO Practise saying the lines in exercise 3 with
2 Don't worry, I know how you are. I'll correct stress and intonation. Listen and check. Try to
make sure everything stays clean and tidy. remember more of each conversation and act some of
them out with a partner.
3 Let's give her a spectacular party when she
gets back from New York. 5 Work in groups. Make compounds by combining
words from one of the boxes in A with as many words
4 Me? I'm just a . Four kids, cakes, as possible from B. Use your dictionary to help.
and vegetables!
A B
5 We're having a party on the 12th. Can you
come? I'll give you our new address. book tea pill line mail way case bell
computer sleeping light air house bag software
6 Mind you, with it being much bigger, there's much
air door
more _ ___ to do! escape office processor
junk open
7 Her grandmother's sick and ____, so they have food fire poisoning pot step rest alarm
to go and help. word head shelf program food
Share your words with a different group and explain the

meanmgs.
Unit 1 . No place like home 13

LISTENING AND SPEAKING
Things I miss from home
1 When have you spent time away from home? Where did you go? Why? 4 DO Read the lines below. Then listen
Did you have a good time? What did you miss from home? again. Who is sp eaking? What do the
2 Write down one thing that you missed on a piece of paper, and give it words in italics refer to?
to your teacher. You will use these later. That sounds very silly but I like to see
them from time to time.
3 DO Listen to some people talking about the things they miss most
when they are away from home. Take notes and compare them in groups. 2 I can't bear to wake up in the morning
and be without them ...
What they miss Other information 3 .. , it's aU very reassuring, even if he's
Andrew telling something dreadful.
4 And I am there, waving the aerial
Helen around and twiddling the knob . ..
5 Th ey can be quite wonderful because
Gabriele you don't need to worry about traffic .. .
6 .,. and spend ... a large part of the day
Paul
just sitting around reading the paper . ..
Sylvia 5 Read aloud the things that were written
down in exercise 2. Guess who wrote
Chris them. Whose is the funniest? The most
interesting?

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Social expressions and the music of English
1 Work with a partner. Match a line in A with a line in B.
A B
1 Great to see you. Come on in. a Let me see. No, actually, I don't think I'll bother with dessert.
2 Excuse me, don't I know you from somewhere? b I was just passing and thought I'd drop in.
3 What d'you mean you're not coming? c Really! That's a drag. I was hoping to meet her.
4 Ithink I'll have the chocolate mousse. What about you? d No, I don't think so.
S My flatmate can't make it to your picnic. e Well, I just don't feel up to going out tonight.
6 How come you're not having a holiday this year? f Fantastic! I knew you'd swing it for us.
7 You'll make yourself ill if you carryon working at that pace. g We just can't afford it.
a I've got you the last two tickets for the show. h That's as maybe but I have to get this finished by Friday.
om Liste n and check. Pay parti cular a ttention to the stress

and intonation. Practise the lines with yo ur partne r.
mIl The 'music' of a language is made up of three things.

1 Intonation - the up and down of the voice:
~ ..-/1
Excuse me! Really?
2 Stress - the accented syllables in individual words:
• • •
chocolate fantastic dessert
3 Rhythm - the stressed syllables over a group of words:
• • ••
What d'you mean you're not ~oming?
2 ID!J Listen to the conversatio n and concentrate on the 'musiG'.

W ho are the peo ple? Do they know each other? W here are they?
3 Work with a partner. Look at the conversation on p153 . Take the
roles of A and B and read the co nversation aloud, usin g the stress
shading to help you.
ID!J Listen aga in and repeat the lines one by one. Practise the
conve rsati on again with your partn er.
4 T he stressed words are given in these conversa tions. T ry to complete
the lines. Practise sa ying them as you go.
1 2
A Excuse ..., ... know you ... somewhere? A Jill! Hi! Great ... see .. . !
B Actually, ... think so. B Well, .. . just passing .. . drop
A ... Gavin's house last week? in .. . 'hello'.
B Not me.. .. don't know anyone ... Gavin. A ... in! Have ... cup of coffee!
A Well, someone ... looked just like B .. . sure? ... too busy?
... there. A Never ... busy ... talk .. . you.
B Well, that's ... maybe .. . certainly B Thanks, Jo.. .. really nice ...
wasn't me. chat.
A .. . am sorry! A Fantastic! Let ... coat.
5 11m Listen and compare yo ur ideas and pronunciation.

e e,
Present Perfect • Simple and continuous • Hot verbs - make, do • Exclamations
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

What is strange about these sentences? What should 2 Which of these verb forms can change from simple to
they be? continuous or vice versa? What is the change in meaning?
1 Columbus has discovered America. 1 What do you do in New York?
2 Man first walked on the moon. 2 I know you don't like football.
3 I travelled all my life. Iwent everywhere. 3 I had a cup of tea at 8.00.
4 I've learnt English. 4 Someone's eaten my sandwich.
5 I've been losing my passport. 5 I'm hot because I've been running.
EXPLORERS AND TRAVELLERS

Present Perfect
1 Look at the pictures. Why did people go exploring

hundreds of years ago? Why do young people go
travelling these days?
2 Read the first and last paragraphs of two articles about
Marco Polo and Tommy Willis. Then match the sentences
with the correct person. Put MP or TW in the boxes.
o He was born in Venice, the son of a merchant. When he

was 17, he set off for China. The journey took four years.
2 D He's visited royal palaces and national parks in South
Korea, and climbed to the summit of Mount Fuji in Japan.
3 0 He's been staying in cheap hostels, along with a lot of
other young people.
4 D His route led him through Persia and Afghanistan. MARCO POLO 1254-1324
5 D He was met by the emperor Kublai Khan. He was one
MARCO P OLO was the
of the first Europeans to visit the territory, and he
fi rst person to travel the
travelled extensively.
entire 8,000 kilometre
6 D 'I've had diarrhoea a few times: Apart from that, his only length of the Silk Route,
worry is the insects. He's been stung all over his body. the main trade link
7 D He stayed in China for seventeen years. When he left, between Cathay (China)
he took back a fortune in gold and jewellery. and the West for over two thousand years.
8 D He's been travelling mainly by public t ransport.
IDI Listen and check. What other information do He wrote a book called The Travels of Marco Polo,
you learn about the two travellers? which gave Europeans their first information
about China and the Far East.
16 Unit 2 • Been there, done that!

I
3 Match a line in A with a line in B. Practise saying them. Pay
I attention to contracted forms and weak forms.
What is the main tense used in the sentences
I A B about Marco Polo? Why?
I He's been stung in cheap hostels. What are the main tenses used in the sentences
He's visited all over his body. about Tommy Will is? Why?
He's been staying a lot of really great people. 2 Compare the use of tenses in these sentences.
I've been to Vietnam and Japan. I've read that book. It's good.
I've met pickpocketed and mugged. I've been reading a great book. I'll lend it to
He's been royal palaces. you when I've finished.
I've been reading a lot about Orwell recently.
DB Listen and check. I've just finished his biography.
2 She's been writing since she was 16.
She's written three novels.
3 He's played tennis since he was a kid.
He's been playing tennis since he was a kid.
~ Grammar Reference pp141-142
PRACTICE
Questions and answers
1 Read the pairs of questions. First decide who each
question is about, Marco Polo or Tommy Willis.
Then ask and answer the questions.
Where did he go?
Where has he been?
2 How long has he been travelling?
How long did he travel?
3 How did he travel?
How has he been travelling?
4 Who has he met?
Who did he meet?
5 Did he have any problemsi'
Has he had any problems?
2 Here are the answers to some questions. V\Trite the
questions.
TOM MY WilliS backpacker in Asia About Marco Polo
TOlmny Willis is in Fiji. 1 In 1254 in Venice.
~
..~;i J APAN
He's on a nine-month ~. . . 2 Four years.
BangkokI"
backpacking trip round , ~ Tommy
3 For seventeen years.
south-east Asia. He flew • ,'. is here) 4 Gold and jewellery.
_., ) ,/
into Bangkok five months 5 The Travels of Marco Polo.
ago. Since then, he's been AUST~ALlA . ; / FIJI About Tommy Willis
to Vietnam, Hong Kong, South Korea, and Japan. 6 For five months. !-low long. away from home?
0<'
7 Thailand, Vietnam, Hong Kong, South Korea,

and Japan. Which ... ?
8 I n cheap hostels.
He's looking fOlWard to taking things easy for 9 A few times. !-low many ... ?
another week, then setting off again for Australia.
10 Yes, once. !-las ... ?
'Once you 've got the travel bug, it becomes velY
hard to stay in the same place for too long,' he said. DB Listen and check your answers.
Unit 2 . Been there, done that! 17

Discussing grammar Excha nging info rm ati on
3 Put the verb in the correct tense. 5 T o ny and Maureen W heeler are th e
Charles Dickens (write) Oliver Twist in 1837. fo unders of the Lonely Planet travel guides.
I (write) two best-selling crime stories. There are now over 650 books in the series.
She (write) her autobiography for the past eighteen months. \Nor k with a partner. Yo u each have
2 you ever (try) Lebanese food? d iffe rent infor mation . Ask and answer
_ _ _ you (tty) taboulleh when you were in Beirut? questions.
3 How many films ____ Charlie Chaplin ____ (make)? Student A Loo k atp153 .
Student B Loo k at p 154.
How many films Johnny Depp (make)?
4 (live) in the same house since I was born.
He (live) with his brother for the past week.
5 Carl's very pleased with himself. He finally - - -
(give up) smoking. He (try) to give up for years.
Simple and continuous
Simple verb forms see actions as a complete whole.

He works for IBM. It rained all day yesterday. I've lost my passport.
2 Continuous verb forms see actions in progress, with a beginning and an end.
I'm working with Jim for a couple of days.
It was raining when I woke up.
The company has been losing money for years.
3 State verbs don't tend to be used in the cont inuous.
I know Peter well. I've always liked him.
I don't understand what you're saying.
Do you know more verbs like these?
4 Match a line in A with a line in B. \l\Trite 1 or 2 in the box.
A B
a D Peter comes 1 from Switzerland.

b D Peter is coming 2 round at 8.00 tonight.
cOl wrote a report this morning. 1 I'll finish it this afternoon.
dOl was writing a report this morning. 2 I sent it off this afternoon.
e 0 I heard her scream 1 when she saw a mouse.
f D I heard the baby screaming 2 all night long.
g 0 What have you done 1 since I last saw you?
hD What have you been doing 2 with my dictionary? I can't find it.
i o I've had 1 a headache all day.
j o I've been having 2 second thoughts about the new job.
k 0 I've known 1 my new neighbours.
I o I've been getting to know 2 Anna for over ten years.
m D I've cut 1 my finger. It hurts.
n 0 I've been cutting 2 wood all morning.
WRITING Informal letters - Correcting mistakes p111
18 Unit 2 . Been there, done that!

Paradise Lost
1 Look at the pictures of tourist destinations in the world. Where are

they? Have you been to any of them?
6 Work in groups to prepare an interview

with Tony Wheeler. One half of the class
will be the interviewers (look at the
ideas below), and the other half Tony
Wheeler (look at the ideas on p154) .
Int erviewers
BACkGRoVND
Wv.,eve ,.. 8vOW lAp?
Wv.,O\t- ,.. ~O\t-v.,ev J..o?
EDVCA-rloN
Wv.,eve ,.. scv.,ool?
I.' I. • .~, 7
WV\ICV\ lA\\IVeVSI, 1 , ...
WoRk
Wv.,O\t- wov~ ,.. O\~t-ev lA\\lvevs1t-y?
FAMILY
\-low V'\O\\\y cv.,llJ..ve\\ ,..?
\-lollDAYS
whO\t- ,.. llke J..ol\\8 ,..?
LONELY PLANE-r GVIDES
Whe\\ ,.. t-l-\e -hvst- 8lAiJ..e '>.:>oo~ coV'\e
o lAP
Wv.,eve ,.. l."l.eO\ CO\N\e ~VO\N\?
Wl-\O\t- ... t-v.,e '.Jest- O\\\."l. Wovst
\.A-\o\N\e\\t-?
Wv.,O\t- ,.. secvet- o~ YOlAv slAccess?
2 What are the most important tourist spots in your country? Does
\-low, .. 8et-I\\t-o t-vO\vel WVlt-I\\8?
tourism cause any problems there?
fVlVRE
3 What are the main problems associated with the tourist industry in
Wheve wovJd- YOlA like ,..?
the world?
Turn to p20.
Unit 2 • Been there, done that! 19

Para ise lost
What can be done to stoR tourism destroying the ~bject of its
affection? Maurice Chandler reports on the boom In world travel.
O n the sun-soaked M ed iterranean island of M ajorca,

the locals are angry. Too late . In t he last quarter of t he
twentieth century, they cashed in on fore ign nationals,
main ly Germans, wanting to buy up property on thei r idyllic
island. Suddenly it occurred t o Majorcans that th e island
no longer be longed to them . They don 't deny tourism' s
vital contribution to the local economy. The ind ustry has
t ransfo rm ed M ajorca from one of Spain 's poo rest parts to
t he richest in per capita income. But t he island 's 63 0 ,000
inhabitants are increasingly co nvinced t hat t he 14 million
fo re ign visitors a year are far too mu ch of a good th ing. W ater
is rationed , pollution is worseni ng, and there is no affordable
hou sing left f or the m to buy.
On t he other side of t he world, 250 Fi lipin os w ere recently
evicted from th eir hom es. Their lake -shore vi ll age of Ambulong
w as cleared by hu ndreds of police, who demolished 24
hou ses. The intention of t he authorities w as t o make w ay f or
a major business venture - not oil, logging, or mining, but an
environmentally-f ri endly holid ay resort.
A growth industry
Tourism is the world's largest and fast est growing indu stry. In
195 0, 25m people t rave ll ed abroad; last year it was 7 50 m. The
World Tourism O rganization estimates t hat by 2020 1.6bn people
will travel each year, spend ing over tw o trillion US dollars.
The effects of tourism

To mi llions of tou ri sts, fo reign destinati ons are exotic paradises,
un spoi lt , idyllic, and f ull of local charm. But many of t he world's
reso rts are st ruggl ing t o cope wit h re lentless w aves of tou ri sts,
wh ose demand s f or ever more swimming pools and golf
courses are sucking t hem dry.
'Th e issue is massive and global,' says Tricia Barnett, director
of To urism Concern, a charity w hich campai gns f or more
responsible app roac hes t o travel. 'Tourist s in Af rica will be
having a shower and then wi ll see a local woman with a pot of
water on her head , and t hey are not makin g t he con nection.
Somet imes you' ll see a vi llage w ith a single t ap, w hen each
hote l has t aps and showers in every room.'
The problem is that t ouri st s demand so mu ch water. It has
been cal culat ed that a to urist in Spain uses up 880 litres of
wat er a day, compared with 250 lit res by a local. An 18-hole
golf course in a dry cou ntry can con sume as much wat er as
a t own of 10 ,000 people. In t he Caribbean, hu ndreds of
thousand s of people go w ithout piped w at er du ring the high
t ourist season, as springs are piped t o hotels.
20 Unit 2 . Been there, done that !

j In 1950, 25m people Reading
travelled abroad; last year it 4 Read the title and the quotes in the article. What do you
was 750m. ' think the article will be about?
5 Read the article. Answer the questions.
Winners and losers Which of the places in the pictures on p 19 are
mentioned?
The host country may not see many benefits. In
2 What is said about them?
Thailand, 60% of the $4bn annual touri sm revenue
3 What other places are mentioned?
leaves the country. Low-end package tourists tend
to stay at big foreign-owned hotels, cooped up in 4 Does the article talk about any of the problems you
the hotel compound , buying few local products, and discussed?
having no contact with the local community other 5 The author asks 'What can be done to stop tourism
than with t he waiters and chambe rmai ds employed destroying the object of its affection?' What would
by the hotel. 'Mass tou rism usually leaves little Steve McGuire's answer be?
money inside the country, ' says Tricia Barnett. 'Most 6 In groups, discuss these questions.
of the money ends up with the airlines, the tour
operators, and the fore ign hotel owners. ' 1 How is tourism destroying the object of its affection
in Majorca and the Philippines?
These days the indust ry's most urge nt question 2 What are the statistics of the global tourist industry?
may be how to keep the crowds at bay. A prime 3 What are the effects of tourism?
example of this is Italy, whe re great cultu ral centres
4 Who are the winners and losers?
like Flo rence and Venice can't handle all the tou rists
5 What are possible future developments?
they get every summer. In Flo rence, where th e city's
half- million or so inhabitants have to live with the
What do you think?
pol lution, gridlock, and crime generated by 11 mill ion
visitors a year, there's talk not only of boosting hotel Give your personal reactions to the text using these
taxes, but even of charging admission to some public phrases.
squares. The idea is to discourage at least some
visitors, as well as to pay for cleaning up the mess. I didn't know!1 already knew that ... What surprised me was .. .
It must be really difficult for ... It's hard to believe that .. .
The future Iwonder what can be done to ... It's a shame that ...
For many countries, tourism may still offer the best
hope for development. 'The Vietnamese are doing
2 In groups, think of more questions to ask the other
their best to open up the ir country,' says Patrick groups. Use the prompts if you want.
Duffey of the Worl d Tourism O rganization. 'Iran is Who ... ? Why .. . ? In what way . .. ?
working on a maste r plan for thei r tourism. Li bya has What is meant by ... ? How many ....)
paid $1 million for a study. They all want tourists. What exactly ... ? What are some of the problems ... ?
And people like to discover eve r new parts of the
world, they are ti red of mass tou rism. Even if a Who has bought nearly all the property on the island of Majorca?
country doesn 't have beaches, it can offer mountains
and deserts and un ique cultures.' Vocabulary work
Yet if something isn't done, tourism seems destined 1 Work with a partner. Discuss the meaning of the words
to become the victim of its own success. Its im pact highlighted in the article.
on the environment is a major concern. In hindsight,
tourist organizations might have second thoughts 2 Match a line in A with a line in B. Can you remember
about what exactly they were trying to sell. the contexts?
As Steve McGuire, a tou rist consultant, says, 'Tourism A B
more often than not ruins the very assets it seeks to
the boom destinations
exploit, and having done the damage, simply moves
off elsewhere.' tourism's vital venture
per capita for development
a major business income
j For many countries, foreign example
consume in world travel
tourism may still offer the a prime as much water
best hope ·for development. , the best hope contribution to the economy
Unit 2 Been there, done that! 21

SPEAKING AND LISTENING
Dreams come true
1 20,000 people were asked what they m ost

wanted to do before they die . Here are the
top fifteen ac tivities.
What are your top five? Number them 1-5.
Which ones don't interest you at aU? Put an X.
D go whale-watching
o see the Northern Lights
D visit Machu Picchu
D escape to a paradise island
o go white-water rafting
D fly in a fighter plane
D fly in a hot-air balloon
o climb Sydney Harbour Bridge
o swim with dolphins
o walk the Great Wall of China
D go on safari
o go skydiving
o dive with sharks
D drive a Formula 1car
D go scuba diving on the
Great Barrier Reef
Compare yo ur lists in groups.
2 Yo u ca n read the actual results of the poll on

pI SS. Does anything surprise yo u? What do
yo u th ink is missing fro m the list?
3 Do yo u know anyone who has done any of
these things? What was it like?
4 lID ' Liste~ to .three people describing
their experience of one of these activities.
Wh ich one are they talking about? What do
they say about it?

VOCABULARY
Hot verbs - make, do Phrasal verbs
There are many expressions with make and do. Look at these examples 5 Complete the sentences with a phrasal
from the text on p20. verb with do.
• They wanted ... to make way for a hol iday resort. do away with sth do without sth
• They aren't making the connection. could do with sth do sth up
• The Vietnamese are doing their best to open up their country.
• Tourism, having done the damage, moves off elsewhere.
2 Put the words in the right box.

a good impression business arrangements a decision a difference
research a profit/a loss your best a start/a move sth clear
a good job a degree an effort sb a favour a suggestion
MAKE DO
We've bought an old house. We're

going to it over the
next few years.
2 I'm so thirsty. I _______ a cup
of tea.
3 Complete the sentences with some of the expressions in exercise 2.
3 I think we should ____ the
When you go for a job interview, it's important to _ _ __
2 I think we're all getting tired. Can I ? How about a break? Olympic Games. It's a waste of time.
3 A lot of has been into the causes of cancer. And expensive.
4 I think the director is basically . He's reliable, he's honest, 4 I could never _ _ _ my personal
and he gets results. assistant. She organizes everything
5 I'd like to right now that I am totally opposed to this idea. for me.
6 Right. I think we should and get down to business. lID Listen and check.
7 I don't mind if we go now or later. It no to me.
6 Do the same with these phrasal verbs with
8 Could you me and lend me some money till
make.
tomorrow?
make sth up makE~up for sth
DB Listen and check.
make sth of sb m2:ke off with sth
4 Match an expressio n in A with a line in B. Underline the expression
with make or do. Thieves broke into the castle and
____ jewellery and antique
A B
paintings.
1 She's made the big time as a writer. 'She's an accountant.' 2 Jake's parents buy him loads of toys.
2 We'll never make the airport in time. 'I can make myself understood.' They're trying to always
3 What does she do for a living?' 'Yeah. It really made my day.' being at work.
4 'You'll all have to do more overtime The traffic's too bad. 3 What do you _ _ _ the new boss? I
and work weekends.' She can command $20 million quite like him.
5 'How much do you want to borrow? flO?' a book.
4 You didn't believe his story, did you?
6 'How much Spanish do you speak?' 'Great. That'll do fine.'
7 'I hear the boss said you'd done
He the whole thing _ __
That does it! I'm going to look
really well.' for another job!' DB Listen and check.

Tashi Wheeler - girl on the move
1 What are some of your earliest memories of holidays

and travelling as a child? Tell the class, and show any
photos you have brought.
2 Look at the photographs ofTashi Wheeler, the daughter
of Tony and Maureen (pI8). In each photo .. .
• How old is she?
• Where do you think she is
Mexico, Singapore, Kenya (x2), US (Arizona), or Peru?
• What is she doing?
3 Tashi began travelling when she was eight 6 iDIlJ Listen to part three and answer the questions.
months old. What questions would you How did her attitude to travel change as sh e got older?
like to ask her? 2 What did she find difficult socially?
What was the first foreign country you went to? 3 Why was 'adjusting back and forth' difficult?
What are your earliest memories? 4 What did the kids at school have that she didn't? What did she
Which countries have you been to? have that they didn't?
5 \A/he re does she feel comfortable? Where does she feel
4 l1li Listen to part one of an interviev,'
uncomfortable?
with Tashi. Does she answer any of your
6 What are Tashi's final b its of advice for future travellers?
questions?
7 ' I get very itchy-footed .' Which phrase with a similar mea ning did
V\That memories does she have of ... ? Tommy Willis use on pl7?
• transport • her mother
• being on safari • trekking in Nepal SPOKEN ENGLISH Fillers
5 lID Listen to part two. Co rrect the
When we speak (in any language!), we can be vague and imprecise. We also
wrong information.
use fillers, which don't mean very much, but fi ll the gaps!
On holiday the Wheeler family are very Tashi And Galapagos Islands, Philippines, and stuff like that. I'
relaxed. They get up late and go to bed early. . .. monkeys swinging off the rear-view mirrors, and things.
They spend a lot of time on the beach. Tony The getting up at like four in the morning ...
Wheeler reads the paper. They go to the same Interviewer And when you were on these travels, I mean, did your dad sort
restaurant every day. Tashi and her brother of have a notebook, and he'd be 50rt of stopping everywhere ... ?
spend a lot of time watching movies. She
doesn't feel that travel broadens the mind. Look at the tapescript on p126. Find more examples of imprecise language
and fi llers.
~- ~- .,,-- --:0 -.~
-
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Exclamations
1 Look at these examples of exclamations. W hen do we use

"\!hat a( n} ... 1, What . . . 1, and How. .. !?
What an exciting experience! What nonsense! How horrible!
2 Match an exclamation in B with a line in C.
A B C
OJ Mil""! How interesting!

D WOW! That's disgusting!
0 Hey, Pet.er! That's unbelievable! How amazing!
D Oh, really? Sorry about that! I dropped it!
D Ah! It's absolutely delicious!
D Ouch! That's nonsense! What a stupid thing to say!
D Vult! What a shame!
D Uh? That rea lly hurt!
D PheW! Come over here and sit with us.
D Whoops! What a relief! Thank goodness for that!
3 IIIiI Listen to ten lines of conversation. Reply to each one using 5 Put What .. . , What a ... , or How ...
an exclamation in B and its matching line in C. Write the number to complete the exclamations.
of the conversation I-lOin column A. 1 silly mistake!
4 What is the next line in each conversation? Put a number 1-10 next 2 brilliant idea!
to the correct line. 3 utterly ridiculous!
A How's your steak? Is it OK? 4 dreadful weather!
B Mmm! It's absolutely delicious! Just the way (like it. 5 rubbish!
D Don't worry. I'll get you a new one. 6 mess!
D Triplets! That'll keep them busy! 7 awful!
You must be so disappOinted! 8 wonderful!
5J Just the way I like it. 9 relief]
D I hadn't done any revising for it at all. 10 terrible thing to happen!
o You wouldn't catch me eating that!
Which are positive reactions? Which
D I told you! Well, it isn't bleeding, but you'll have a nice bruise. are negative?
D Let's have a chat.
D You know it's not true. 6 iII9 Listen to some situations.
Respond to them, using one of the
D I haven't seen her for ages. How is she?
exclamations in exercise 5.
iII!J Listen and check. Practise the conversations) paying special
7 Write a dialogue with a partner. Use
attention to intonation. You could act some of them out and make
some of the exclamations on this page.
them longer!
You could ask about a meal, a holiday, or
a sports event.
Music of En lish . - ; "=-~~_
Begin with a question.
With exclamations using What .. . ! and How ... !, your intonation should
rise and fall on both the adjective and noun: What wag the .. . like?
/"\a /"\a ~/"\a ~ Well, it wag .. .
What a u/ shoes! What a fan' ie view! Howa azing!
Act out you r conversations to the class.
11m Listen and repeat.

What a story! , -'-""""- -__
~_t~
Narrative tenses • Giving news and responding • Books and films • Showing int.~!est·~.. ~,
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR Burglar arrested

D A COUPLE came home at midnight to find their house had been burgled. Bob
Read the story. Put the events and Janet Gilbreath had left their house at six o'clock to go to the theatre. When
into chronological order. they got home, the back door had been smashed, and money and jeweilelY stolen. A
neighbour said that she had heard a loud noise at about eight o'clock. Mr and Mrs
What happened first? What Gilbrea th, who moved to the house five years ago, told police that they had seen a
happened last? man who had been acting suspi ciously for several days before the robbelY, and we re
able to give a description. A ma n answering the de cription was late r arrested.
WHAT'S IN THE NEWS?

Narrative tenses
1 Look at the newspaper headlines.
Man survives plunge
What do you think is the whole story?
2 What would you like to know?
\!\Trite some more questions.
over Niagara Falls
Did he mean to fall over?
Where was she climt1ing?
I-Iow did he manage to hack into their systems?
3 lID Listen to three conversations

about the stories. Which of your
questions were answered?
4 Here are the answers to some questions.
What are the questions?
1 Just ordinary clothes.
2 For a dare.
3 Three hours.
4 In a shelter.
S His own software program.
Climber saved by
6 To download from the Internet.
5 Match lines in A and B. Practise saying
them YV1th contracted and weak forms.
A B
He was wearing with a partner.
He'd been talking to do it.
Afriend had dared him the next night.
She was climbing about doing it for ages.
They were rescued ordinary clothes.
IDI Listen and check.

26 Unit 3 . What a story!
The nerd who
1 Complete the chart using the verb in brackets.
Past Simple Past Continuous
(fall) (read)
hacked into Past Perfect

(hear)
Past Perfect Continuous
(act)
US Defence
Past Simple passive Past Perlfect passive
(arrest) (burgle)
Look at tapescript T 3.1 on pl27. Find an example of each
systems tense. When do we use the Past Perfect? When do we

use continuous tenses?
2 Why are different tenses used in these paragraphs?
john cooked a lovely meal. His guests had a good time.
They left at midnight.
just after midnight, John was looking at the mess.
His guests had just left. He'd cooked a lo vely meal, and
everyone had had a good time .
., Grammar Reference pp142-143
PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
1 Compare the use of tenses in these sentences. Say which

tense is used and why.
•I t read I a book on the plane.

t was reading
I made a cak,~ .
2 When Alice arrived, I was making a cake.
t had made a cake.
3 The film started

7ih e fil m hastarte
d d
I when we got to the cinema.
.
4 He was sac ked because he had stolen some money.
text plea to friend I he had been stealing money for years.
5 When I got to the garage, my car I hwad
s bbeing repa/red.
a een repaIred.
Unit 3 • What a story! 27

Writing narratives SPOKEN ENGLISH News and responses
2 Rewrite the sentences as one sentence, beginning with the part When we tell a story, we use certain expressions.
in bold. When we listen to a story, we respond with
different expressions. Put G(giving news),
She won £2,000 in a competition. Last night Sally was celebrating.
Last l1ight ~ally was celebratil1g because she'd WOI1 £2,000 ill a competitiol1.
R(reacting to news), or A (asking for more
information) after each expression.
Ii
He got up at dawn. He was driving for ten hours. Peter was tired when
1 o Did you read that story about . . . ?
2
he arrived home.
I parked my car in a no parking zone. It was towed away. I went to get 2 o What happened to him?
my car, but it wasn't there. (When ... ) 3 o That's amazing!
3 He wasn't always poor. He had a successful business. Unfortunately, it 4 o What did he do it for? ,
went bust. Mick was a homeless beggar. 5 D Apparently . . .

6 o What a crazy guy!
4 They were shopping all day. They spent all their money on clothes. ;'i
Jane and Peter arrived home. They were broke. (When ... ) 7 D You're kidding! I'Ii
5 He saw a house in Scotland. He first saw it while he was driving on
holiday. Last week John moved to the house.
8 o Then what happened? iI!
9 D Actually, ...
10 0 I don't get it.
The news
Work with a partner. You are going to read and
3 DB Listen to the first story. Correct the mistakes in the sentences.
discuss two news stories.
I Ten workers have died.
Student A Read the story on p155.
2 They'd been trapped up a mountain.
Student B Read the story on p156.
3 They'd been building a new road.
4 There was an avalanche. When you've read your story, tell your partner
S Sixteen men managed to escape. about it . Try to use some of the phrases for
giving and responding to news.
6 Ten were fatally injured.
7 The men were recovering at home. -~
S The cause of the accident is known.

WRITING Narrative writing 1 - Using
4 l1li Listen to the second news item. H ere are the answers to
adverbs in narratives p1TJ
some question. Write the questions.
I Fo r two days.
2 Afte r school on Wednesday.
3 T heir photograph .
4 earby houses.
5 A neighbo ur.
6 In a garden shed.
7 0 , they hadn' t ( .. . realized .. . ?)
28 Unit 3 • What a story!

VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING
Books and films
We usually want to kn
book before we start re~~i~o~te thmgs about a
. 4 Look at the front and
back covers of Pride and
answers w.· t ' 1 g . Here are some
. 11 e 111 t 1e questions. PreJ.udice by Jane Austen.
WhlCh of the questions
Who wrote it
~C~ha~r~le~s~D~ic~k~en-s~/~Pa-t-ri-aC--w-e-II.------_7
ci--orn- m exercise 1 can you
answer?
2~~~~__________ _
3 It's a family saga lit's a thriller lit's a b'lograp h?
y.
lt'ds atboutt a tragic family/It's about the murde}of

a
e ec Ive.
4 Where and 'Comic and truly funny,
In India in the 19th century/ln New York in th: 1990s. brilliantly clever.'
5
Elizabeth Buchan
Alawyer called Potts and his client 7
detective called Blunket. ' Lady Jane I A Pride and Prejudice, the best-loved a d most famous of
Jane Austen's novels, is as relevant today as it was three
6~~~____________ hundred years ago. Austen humorously captures the world
Yes, it has. It came out a few ?
Johnny Depp. years ago and starred of class-conscious 18th century Englis family life. Her
characters are universal; they live a truth beyond time.
7
Pride and Prejudice tells the story of Mr and Mrs
It ends really
don't il tragically
ks lit' f rustratmg
' because? we
Bennet's family of five daughters, including the clever but
rea y nowlThey all live happily ever after.
outspoken Lizzie, the serene and beautiful Jane and the
8~~~____________ foolish youngest sister Lydia. Mrs BE!nnet's main aim in life
I thought it was great/I couldn" ?
want it to end/lt was OK b t. put It down/l didn't is to fmd suitable and wealthy husbands for her daughters.
ut I skipped the boring bits.
However, the road to matrimonial happiness is not smooth.
9 Austen shows the folly of judging people by first impressions,
Yes, I would. It's great if ou l'k ?
a terrific holiday read. y I e a good thriller/It's but, as in all her novels, lessons are learnt, and the ending
is a happy one. The girls make good matches, especially
2 ~hich questions could also be asked b prejudiced Lizzie with the proud Mr Darcy.
m? Some might have to cha a out a
questions can be ask d b nge. What extra George Eliot called Jane Austen 'the greatest
e a out a film?
3 Work with a partner. Ask artist that has ever written'.
questions in exercise 1 ab and answer the
or film. out your favourite book Sir Walter Scott wrote of her, 'There is a truth
in her writings that always delights me' .
$15.95
Cover photo: Working Title
courtesy of The Kobal Collection
Forever Classics Publishing Co.
Unit 3 . What a story! 29

You are going to read about one of English
Literature's major novelists, Jane Austen ( 177 5
1817). Since the age of cinema and television her
$ane - one of the world's most downloaded authors
novels have become m ore and more popular. Why

do you think this is? The latest film of
2 The following sentences have been removed from the Jane Austen's novel Pride and
text. Read them. What do you learn about the life Prejudice grossed over $121, 147,947
and work ofJane Austen? worldwide. When the BBC screened its la test
adaptation of the same novel it was watched by a
.. . these novels were written by a geni us. record 18 million British viewers. The series was then
2 Jane Austen herself couldn't possibly have imagined sold to 18 countries round the world. There are Jane
this kind of worldwide fame. Austen fans in all corners of the globe, and special
3 Jane felt p art icularly m iserable at th is time and she Jane Austen discussion groups on the internet.
found it diffi cult to cont inue with her writing. Jane is today one of English Litera ture's best
4 ... television ha s led to worldw ide fame for this known and best loved writers, the third most
quiet-living spinster with a sense of fun . do wnloaded author a fter Charles
S The fa nuly often had to entertai n themselves at ho me. Dickens and Mark Twain.
6 By this time Ja ne was 27, and by the standards of the
day 'on the shelf .
(I) ... I n her lifetime she never once trave]led abroad, indeed she
3 Read the text. Where do the sentences go? hardly ever left the south of England . When she died in 18 17, only
four o f her six novels had been published , all anon ymously, and
4 What significance do the following names have in she had earned a grand tota l of £648.65 (a bout $1,000) from her
relation to Jane Austen? books. N ow, nearly 200 years later, sa les of her novels reach 35,000
Steventon - the village where Jane was born. a week . T here have been film and television productions of not only
Chawton Winchester P D James Pride alld Prejudice but also Emilia, Persuasion, NorlhclIlger Abbey.
The BBC Sense and Sensibility Tom Lefroy Mansfield Park and the Oscar-win nin g Sense and Sensibility .
The internet Cassandra Samuel Blackall
Bath Edward Emma Thompson
Devon Nigel Nicolson Oscar
5 Are these sentences about Jane Austen true (I') or

false (X)? Correct the false ones.
1. 18 million British viewers saw the latest film of
Pride and Prejudice.
2. Jane Austen hardly ever travelled abroad.
3. Her stories always have happy endings.
4. She didn't start writing until she was 27.
5. She never accepted a proposal of marriage.
6. Her family had been living in Bath four years
when her father died.
7. Her first novel, Pride and Prejudice, was published
in 1813.
8. Emma Thompson went to Jane Austen's grave to
get inspiration for her film.
6 W hat do these numbers in the text refer to?
121,147,947 648.65 18 (x2) 35,000 12
1775 1801 1805 1811 1817 41
What do you think?

Do you think Jane Austen had a happy life, or do you feel sorry
for her? Portrait of
Jane Austen
• Do you think she would have enjoyed the fame she has today? as a young woman

THE SECRET OF HER SUCCESS
" ha t makes her worldwide sueces
so surprising is the narrowness of th e
world her sto rie p rtray. 'three o r
fou r fami lie in a countr village.' as
Jane usten her elf said . However.
acco rd ing to N igel I icolson. aut ho r
of Th e World oj Jane Austell, tbe
expla nat ion for her enduring succe
i very si mple: 'H er novels alway end
happil y in a wedd ing. T hey a re a Iso very
KEIRA KNlGHTLEY
funny.' O r, as the aut hor P D James MATTl t EW MACFADYEN ,y SREND A 8lETHYN <T DONALD SUTHER.LAND AND JUD I DENC H
wrote. 'A 1\ the books have the sa me
basic plot - searching for and fi nding PRIDE & PRE]UI) ICE
the right mate.' .l ust as in many other " S I MPLY A N D ABSOLUTELY GLORIOUS "
novel. you may say. but the differe nce
is tha l (2) .. . T he lively cha racters she
created. both male and fe male. are
such tha t readers . till identify wit h
them two cent ur ie la ter. T he novel ist
H my James even compared Ja ne to
Homer and ha kespeare.
THE LIFE OF JANE AUSTEN JANE AUSTEN, A STAR WORLDWIDIE

he \Va' born in 1775. th seven th of eight children. Her fa mil y were The influence of cinema and (6) ... People see the movie and then rea d
not wcll off, a nd Ii ed in a ramb ling, old bouse in the village of the book. Pride (I/1d Prejudice was voted in a BBC poll in the UK 'the
teven ton in the Hampshi re hills. (3) ... and so by the time she was book the nation cannot live without.' T he actress Emma T hompson .
12. Ja ne \Va writing fasci nating stories fo r thei r amusemen t. who ad apted S ellse ([lid S ensibiliry for the screen, went to Jane Austen's
grave in Winchester to say thank you For the H ollywood Oscar she wall
!tho ugh Jane nevcr ma rried shc had three possible o pportunities. for the film . As she said at the Oscar ceremony in Los Angeles, 'I do
T il fi rst wa a hand ome lrish law student called Tom Lefroy. who hope Jane knows how big she is world wide.'
she met ill 179 -, but who returned to Ireland a year later. T he econd.
in 180 1. IVa a young man called amuel B1acka ll. Jane met him
wh ile on ho liday in Devon. bUI he tragically died suddenly, soon
a fter. T he third was a large yo un g man ca lled Ha rris Bigg-Wit her,
t;.,!jfl
whos proposa l he briefly accepted in 1802. but then changed her
mind.
?J;
.,
(4) ... She knew only too well that marriage was important for '1'- ---.
L.=::.-... _ __ _
someo ne in h r po ition. fo r the only work suita ble for a penniless
girl of her age wa school teaching or being a governess. Thus, ill her
novels, b til money a nd th inst itution of marriage have important
parts to play.
In I 01 the [ami I) moved to Ba th . where she was very unh appy. T o

mak malters worse, in 1805. her father died, leaving his widow. Jane
and her only si tel' Cas andra. also un married. eveu poorer tha n
before. T hey had to leave their home and fo r fo ur yea rs moved from
house to hou e. often taying wit h re lative. (5) ... Finally in 1809
Jan . brother Edward allowed them to li ve in a house on his e ta te
in Chawton. only a few mile from Steventon where she had grown
up. Here she \ a much happier and was able to tart writing again.
Fina ll y. in 1811. her first novel, Sellse alld Sensibility , \\as published.
Pride alld Prejudice followed in 1813 .
In 18 ) 6. Jane A II ten fell ill with a disease of the kidney . Sbe died on
Jul y 18. 1817, in the arms of her i ler, Cassandra. She was only 41. An 18th century engraving of a scene from Pride and Prejudice

LI STEN ING AND SPEAKING
The money jigsaw
1 Look at the headlines and photographs. With a partner,

use the prompts to invent the story.
walking to school / ripped up bank notes / flying all over / a bin '1
/ a plastic bag / jammed fu ll / torn up notes / had to go to school
••
after school playing / police / told them where / police took away /
Bank of England / long time / gave back / stick together Jigsaw
Vvfu
What do you think?
Why do you think someone tore up the mon ey? Rachel and
her friend have two theories.
• Maybe an old lady decided she wasn't going to leave it to anyone.
• There could have been an argument - one person didn't want the other to have it.
2 DO Listen to one of the girls, Rachel Aumann, Do you agree? Do you have any better explanations?
being interviewed. Compare your story with hers.
(SainsbUly's is the name of a supermarket.) SPOKEN ENGLISH like
3 Answer the questions. Rachel uses the word like a lot.
Where did the girls find the money?
I Yeah, it was ... erm ... like really out of the ordinary. I I :')~
2 How big are the pieces? ... we traced it to like a bin. 11
3 Are they being allowed to keep it? This use of like suggests that the speaker (often a younger 1:1
4 Is it easy to stick the notes together? person) is not making an effort to be precise when describing ,Ii
5 How do they do it? or reporting a situation.
6 How long have they been doing it?
look at the tapescript on pH7. Find more examples of like.
7 How much money is there? Which example shows the correct use of like as a preposition?

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Showing interest and surprise
1 DO Listen to the dialogue. Write in B's answers. How does 3 Complete the conversations with either an echo
she show interest and surprise? or a reply question.
A Sam wants to apologize.

8 ?
A Yes. He's broken your mother's Chinese vase.
8 ? Oh, no!
2 A We had a terrible holiday.

B ?
A Yes. It rained all the time.
B ?
A Yes. And the food was disgusting!
B ? What a drag!
3 A I'm broke.
B ? How come?
A Because I just had a phone bill for £500.
B ? Why so much?
A Because my best friend's in Korea.
8 ? How interesting!
4 A It took me three hours to get here.

8 ?
A Yes. There was a traffic jam ten miles long.
B ? That's awflJl!
A Jade's got a new job.
A Now I've got a headache!
B ? Good for her!
B ? Poor darling. I'll get you something
A Apparently, she' going to work in a castle. for it.
B ? How amazing!
A Ye . And it's in lovenia. 5 A I'm on a mountain, watc:hing the sun set.
B ? That's interesting. 8 ?
A Unfortunately, her boss can't speak much English. A Yes. And I've got something very important to
B _ __ _ _ _ _? I thought everyone could these days! tell you.
B ? What is it? I can't wait!
2 B uses echo questions and reply questions. Which are which? A You'd better sit down. I'd like us to move here
Practise the conversation with your partner. Pay particular for good.
attention to the stress and inton ation. B ?Wow!
Music of En lish - :-:F~ DB Listen and compare. Practise them with

a partner.
To show interest, the intonation on echo and reply questions
should start high, go down, and then go up high at the end. 4 Your teacher will rea d out some sentences about
himself/herself. Respond, using a reply question
0J' ~ ~ 0J'
Has she? Does he? Did she? Are you? or an echo.
lID Listen and repeat.

If you use these short questions without any intonation, you will
sound bored and uninterested!

Nothing but the truth
Questions and negatives • Prefixes and antonyms • Being polite
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

2 Write in the missing word in each question.
1 Make the sentences negative. Sometimes there is more than one
1 'What of music do you like?' 'J azz.'
possibility.
2 'How do you wash your hair?' 'Every other day.'
I di~agreel don't agree with you. 3 'Who do you look?' 'My mother.'
I agree with you. 5 I knew everybody in the school. 4 'How does it take you to get to school?' 'Nearly an hour.'
2 Ithink you're right. 6 I've already done my homework. 5 'What were you talking to the teacher?' 'Oh, this and that.'
3 I told her to go home. 7 You must get a visa. 6 'Do you know what the time?' 'Just after three.'
4 'Is John coming?' 'I hope 50.' 8 My sister likes shopping, too. Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
TELLING LIES 50RRY MARIE.

IT'S NOTTHATI DON'T
Questions and negatives WANT TO BABY51T
TONIGHT. IT'S J(JSTTHAT
/ HAVE TO 5TIJDY FOR A
1 Think of some lies that these people might tell. TE5TTOMORROW.
a teenage boy to his parents a car salesman

a student to the teacher a secretary
a husband to his wife
2 All the people in the cartoons are lying. Who to? Why?
3 011 Listen to what the people are really thinking.
What is the truth? Why did they lie? Do you think any
of the people have good reasons to lie?
4 Which question was each person asked before they lied?
Put a-f in the boxes. NOBODY HIT ME.
I FELL DOWN IN
D What did you make that face for? Doesn't it look THE5CHOOL
good? PLAYGROUND.
2 D Can I speak to Sue Jones, please? It's urgent.
3 0 How come you're ill today? You looked jw;t fine
yesterday!
4 0 Who gave you that black eye? Haven't I told you
not to get into fights?
5 D Where are you going? How long will you be?
I hope you won't be late.
6 D I want to know if you'll babysit for me tonight. I
don't think you will.
34 Unit 4 . Nothing but the truth

F __ ':_'" ~"--"';~
HONESTLY, • S -: -~: 1;:"",:

IT LOOKS GREAT In exercise 4, nnd and read aloud . ..
IT REALLY SuiTS
YOu. Questions
. .. questions with auxiliary verbs.
.. . questions without auxiliary verbs.
.. , two ways of asking Why?
... a question with a preposition at the end.
· .. a question word + an adverb .
.. , an indirect question.
Negatives
·., negative questions.
... a future negative.
·.. negatives with think and hope.
LOOK, DAD, I'M J(J5T 2 Indirect questions
GOING OVER TO RICKY'5. Make these direct questions indirect using
WE HAVE 50ME HOMEWORK the expressions.
TO DO TOGETHER. I'LL BE
BACK IN A CO(JPLE Where does he work? I don't know ..-.
OF HO(JR5. What's the answer? Have you any idea . .. ?
Did she buy the blue one? I wonder ...
~ Grammar Reference p144
PRACTICE
Qu iztime!
1 Work in two groups. You are going to write
BEL/EVE ME MR some questions for a general knowledge quiz.
DIXON, I AM ILL
I'M IN BED WITH A Group A Look at the information on pISS.
TEMPERATuRE. Group B Look at the information on p 156.
Write the questions for your quiz in your
group. Ask and answer questions between
groups.
2 Make comments about the answers in the
quiz. Some of your sentences might be
indirect questions.
( We weretl't sure . .. )
( We didll't have a clue... )

(\.;:::======:::-)-~ . '"how mal1Y legs
We. had 110 idea... a butterfly has.
( NOlie of us kMW . . • ) I... which theory Albert

(. We guessed... .) l!-illSteit1 developed.
--,-. -----'----,
( Did you all know ... l' )
Unit 4 . Nothing but the truth 35

Ask ing for more information Making negatives
3 We can respond to a statement vvith a short question to ask for 8 Make a negative sentence about these people.
more information. Use your dictionary.
Vegal1s dOI1't eat allY al1il'llal products.
( I we lit out for a meal last lIight. ) ( Who withp )
vegans insomniacs dyslexics pacifists
My aUllt sellt me a postcard. ~ tromP ) anti-globalization protesters
Write short questions with a preposition to an swer these 9 lID Listen to the first part of a descriptio n
statements. o f a man caUed Norman. Which words in
1 She gave away all her money. exercise 8 describe him? Make some negative
2 Can I have a word with you, please? sentences about h im .
3 I studied for the exam all night. I-le call't sleep. I-le doesll't have a big place to live.
4 I n eed £5,000 urgently.
5 I got a lovely present today. SPOKEN ENGLISH How come?
6 I bought a birthday card today.
7 Sh! I'm thinking! How come? can be used instead of Why? in
informal spoken English. Howe ver, they are
8 Do you think you could give me a lift?
not the same. Look at t hese sentences. Which
4 Make the short questions into longer ones. question expresses surprise?
Who did you go out for a meal withp Where did she selld it frol'llP Why are you learning English?
lID Listen and check your answers. Notice that all the How come you're going to work today? It's
questions end with the preposition. Sunday.
Negative questions Note that How come? is not followed by the

usual inverted word order of question forms.
5 DB Listen and compare the use of negative questions in 1 and 2.
a Don't you like pizza? How unusual! 10 IDI Listen to the second part o f the
b Can't you swim? I thought everybody learned to at school these days! d escription of N o rman. There are lots of
c Hasn't the postman been yet? It's nearly midday! . contradictions. Complete the sentences about
Norman below with a question using How come?
2 a Haven't we met somewhere before? Wasn't it in Egypt?
b Wasn't it your birthday last week? Sorry I forgot.
c Isn't that Johnny Depp over there? You know, the actor! I'm sure it is!
My mCl.te NormCl.n
He lives in a tiny one-roomed fl at so how come he
In which group . . . ? came dowllstairs to the living roomP
... does the speaker ask for confirmation of what he thinks is true He's an insomniac, so how come he slept so weill'
and expect the answer Yes? He's single, so .. .
... does the speaker express surplise and e>"'Pect the answer No? He hasn't got any pets, so ...
He's dyslexic, so ...
DB Practise the negative questions. Pay attention to stress and He's unem ployed, so .. .
intonation. He's vegetarian, so . . .
6 Give answers to the negative questions in exercise 5. He's anti-social, so .. .
1 a No, I've lIever liked pizza. Call't stalld it, 1'1'11 afraid.
2 a Yes, that's right. It was at the sales cOl1ferel1ce ill Cairo.
7 Ask and answer about these things using negative questions. Who is it?
Expressing surprise
like ice-cream/learn ing English/your neighbours? 11 Write a description of yoursel f using only
have ever been abroad/ got a TV at home? negative sentences. Your teacher will
distribute them amongst the students in the
Asking for confirmation class. Read them aloud and guess who it is.
is it Tuesday today/ this your pen?
I call't cook. Illever arrive all time.
go to the States last year/ to the races next weekend?
I didl1 't pass the test last week.
I:ED Listen and compare.
36 Unit 4 • Nothing but the truth

My most memorable lie!
Wark in small groups.

1 Did you ever tell lies as a child? Can you remember
any? Talk about them in your groups. Decide which is
the most interesting lie in your group and tell the class.
2 DB Listen to five people talking about their most
memorable lie. Correct the statements.
Andrew was playing in the swimming pool when his
father came home.
2 Carolyn went to America for her best friend's
wedding.
3 Kiki finally told her grandmother the truth.
4 Sean learnt Judo at school.
5 Kate was not punished for lying.
3 Listen again and answer the questions.
Andrew says, I completely denied all knowledge.

Of what? How had he tried to hide th e evidence?
2 Carolyn says, I had to tell a white lie. What was it?
' Alhy was it a white lie? What did nothing for whose
figure?
3 Kiki says, I know where I lost it. What did she lose?
Where did she lose it? What was her lie?
4 Sean says, somebody's mother rang my mother to get
details. To get details of what? Why did he lie in the
first place?
5 Kate says, I put him in the box ... and 1 shut the lid.
Who did she put in the box? Which box? How does
she excuse her behaviour?
4 Which words go with which lie? What do they refer to?

frumpy dressing up box gold-filtered a robbery
spanked stubs necklace the playground
a princess a grate a soldier
What do you think?

• Which of the five lies do you think are 'good' reasons
to lie? Which are 'bad'? Which are 'white lies'?
• Work alone. List other occasions when you think it might be
good to lie and occasions when it is definitely not.
o Discuss your ideas with your group. Do you all agree about what
are 'good' and 'bad'lies?
Unit 4 . Nothing but the truth 37

Diana and Elvis shot JFK!
1 What do you know about the following events? Discuss 4 Work in groups of three.
in groups and share information. Student A Read the article on p39.
• The deaths of President John F. Kennedy, John Lennon, Student B Read the article on p40.
Elvis Presley, Princess Diana. Student C Read the article on p41 .
• The Apollo moon landings.
Answer the questions.
When and what was the event?
2 How many theories are mentioned? Write a list of
the different ones in note form.
3 What proof is given to support them?
4 What reasons are suggested for hiding the true facts?
5 Which people, individual or groups, are mentioned
in relation to th e event?
Compare your answers with the others in your group.
Vocabulary work
Find words in your text to replace those in italics. Expla in
them to the others in your group.
Diana
The huge number of websites is absolutely amazing.
2 There are many conspiracy theories about these events.
2 The florists devised a clever but wicked plot to murder Diana.
What are conspiracy theories? How are they usually
3 The car crash was a carefully planned trick.
circulated nowadays? Do you know any about the
4 I don't believe any of these theories.
events in exercise I?
5 Someone in the royal famity devised a plot to interfere with
3 Read the introduction to three of the world's most the brakes.
popular conspiracy theo ries. Which events are
mentioned? Why do people like these theories? What is Moon landing
a 'juicy' theory? 1 Rumours have been going round for many years.
2 The US flag is seen blowing and there is no wind on the moon.
3 A fantastic exhibition of stars.
4 Scientists have afl agreed that the theorists don't have any
argument at afl.
CLASSIFIED 5 NASA has been desperately trying to hide evidence of life.
JFK Junior
EVEHYBODY loves a good conspiracy theory.
1 There are many strange theories - one of the craziest claims he
Whether it is the CIA shooting President Kennedy, was murdered by Clinton supporters.
or Elvis being alive and well and living on the 2 Explosives were stuck to the tail of the plane.
Moon, there are few things that appeal to the 3 The plane hit violent air movements.
imagination more than a mixture of mystery 4 The crash happened strangely and cOincidentally on the 30th
and a hint of evil-doing in high places. When anniversary.
horrifying, historic events shake our world we 5 Some explanations are clearly stupid. Others are quite believable.
seek to mal-;: e sense of them by creating bizarre
theories. These theories, however unlikely, are What do you think?
preferable to tl-:e cold fact tllat sometimes • Which theories are the most believable/unbelievable?
accidents happen. Many of tIle juiciest theories • What is it about the Internet that breeds such theories?
circulate on the Internet. • Think of a recent major news event and work in your groups
to devise conspiracy theories about it. Describe the event and
your theories to the class.
38 Un it 4 . Nothing but the truth WRITI NG Linking ideas - Conjunctions p114

THE WORLD'S TOP CONSPIRACYTHEC)R1ES
CONSPIRACY
HEORY 1 rrHE DEATH ()F DIANA
The first Diana conspiracy site appeared on the Internet in Australia only hours after her
death on August 31st, 1997. Since then an estimated 36,000 Diana conspiracy websites h ave
been set up - breathtaking by anyone's standards. Hypotheses range from pure James Bond
('it was all an MI6 plot to protect the monarchy') to farce ('it was a fiendish murder plot
thought up by the world's florists to sell lots of flowers'). Ancl most popular of all, Diana,
Princess of Wales, isn't dead af ter all - that terrible car crash in Paris was an elaborate
hoax to enable the Princess and Dodi Fayed, to fake their own
dea ths sO tha t they could live in blissful isolation for the rest
of their lives. Subscribers to this theory say that Diana was fed
up with the intrusions into her private life and used the wealth
and resources of the Fayed family to fake her death, and now
she and Dodi a re living on a small tropical island, communicating
with her sons by satellite
video conferencing. Think
'V/e never actually about it, they say, we
savv her body, did V'le?' never actually saw her
body, did we?
You don't buy into any of t hese theories') Don't worry. There are
plenty more to choose from. For example, Paul Burrell, Diana's
former butler, claims that the Princess predicted her own death
in a car crash. Apparently, she was so frigh tened that ten
months before her death she wrote to Burrell saying that a plot
was being hatched by a member of the royal family and that
her car's brakes would be tampered with and she would suffer
serious head injuries. And all of
this so t hat the Prince of Wales
could marry again.
Tbese theories multiply because

it is so hard for us to believe
that a princess, with all her
wealth and bodyguards, could
be killed by something as
arbitrary and mundane as a
traffic accident. Psychologically,
we need conspiracy theories to
make the tragedies of life more
bearable. And the Internet
helps feed t he global paranoia.
39
CONSPIRACY
THEORY2 rrHE APOLLO l\dOON LANDING
For over 30 years rumours hClve been circulating· tha t the
Apollo Moon landings were faked. They say astronaut Neil
Armstrong made no 'giant leap for mankind', they assert
tl1at the 1~)69 Moon mission was a hoa x to prove America
won the space race, that the astronauts were 'astro-nots'l
The high pOint in the Grea t Moon Land ing Conspiracy
came on 15 February 2001. the elate t hat the Fox television
network broadcast a programme en titled Did We Land on
the Moon'l This alleged tha t t he wh ole Moon landing had
been staged inside a fi lm studio on a US military base
somewhere in the Mojave desert.
The programme claimed:

1 The US flag planted on t he Moon's surface is seen
--- -- - -
fl u ttering, 'V\Tas the whole moon

and there is no breeze of any k ind on the Moon. landing staged inside
2 The photographs taken by the astronau ts do not include any a film studio?'
of the Moon's nigh t sky, where there would have been a - - -- ---
stunning array of stars on view.
3 The shadows in the pictures are clearly coming from more than one angle - an impossibility on
the Moon. where the only ligh t source is the Sun. but more than plausilJle inside a film studio.
4 One of the famed Moon rocks brought back by the Apollo as tronauts is marked with a telltale
letter 'C', suggesting the markings not of some alien life force but of a fil m prop.
After the programme the Interne t went crazy with theories and count(~r-theories. However, scientists
have unanimously agreed tha t the conspiracy theorists don't have even the beginnings of a case.
Too many things about the Apollo missions
were impossible to fake, from the radio signals
picked up at listening stations around the
world, to the Moon rocl-cs, which have been
sulJjectecl to repeated geological analysis and
clearly ela te back several millennia.
Finally there are the UFO 'nuts'. They actually

do believe tha t astronauts went to the Moon,
and found not only a load of rocks, but also
widespread evidence of an ancient alien
civilization - a
discovery sO
• .... terrifying that
NASA has been
desperately
seeking to
conceal it from
t he public ever
since.
Unit 4 . Nothing but the truth

CONSPIRACY
THEORY ,3 THE DEATH ()F JOHN F KENNEDY JR.
John Kennedy Junior, son of assassinated US president JFR. was killed on July 17th 1~)~)9 when his tiny
Piper Saratoga aircraft crashed over Martha's Vineyard, near Boston. He was piloting the plane on the way
to a family wedding with his wife Carolyn. To millions of Americans, JFK Junior was the closest thing to
royalty the United Stat(~s has ever had, and, as with his father, with every anniversary of his death they
come up with ever more bizarre conspiracy theories to explain the tragedy.
One of the wildest theories claims that Kennedy

Junior, known as 'John .Tohn', was murdered by Clinton
supporters because he planned to stand against Hillary
Clinton in the New York senate race.
Another theory asserts that an explosion, heard over

IVlartha's Vinc~yard at the time of the crash, suggests
that terrorists placed a bomb on the tiny plane. It
is claimed that leaked FBI documents record the
cliscovery of explosives glued within its tail.
- - -- --- -- - - -- --- -- - - --- -- - -

'80111e of the explanations for the
plane crash are patently ridiculous:
- -- -- - --- -- - - - --- _.- -- --- -
A thi rd theory blames Kennedy's beautiful blonde
wife, Carolyn. It is suggested that she caused
t11e crash by chatting on her mobile phone just
as the plane ran into turbulence over Martha's
Vineyard, thus interfering with the controls while
her husband was desperately trying to make an
emergency landing. However, the most popular
theory of all blames the crash on the legendary
Irish curse said to have taken the lives of so many
of the Kennedy clan. This curse, reput.ed to have
foll owed the Kennedy dynasty over from Ireland, is
said to strike when Kennedy members are around
water. John John's uncle Joseph Kennedy Jr. clied
in a flight over water during World War II. while
another uncle, Teddy Kennedy, drove off a bridge
in to water at Chappaquiddick - spookily, the plane
crash happened on the 30th anniversary of the
Chappaquiddick incident.
'Some of the explanations for the plane crash are

pa tently ridiculous: says a Kennedy watcher. 'Others
like the cell phone theory are based on recorded
information and are pretty plausible.'
Unit 4 . t\!othing but the trutH 41

VOCABULARY
Saying the opposite
2 Complete the conversations with antonyms from the box. Put the
Antonyms
words in the correct form.
1 Compare these sentences.
Which antonyms are used? improve safety success criticize generosity
Which sounds better in context? fail mean encourage get worse danger
Some theories are plausible but
others are implausible. 1 A Gary's a really businessman.
Some theories are plausible but B Yeah, but he's a complete as a family ma n. He neve r
others are ridiculous. sees his children.
2 Antonyms can sometimes be formed 2 A My grandad's so , he gives me £20 every time I see him.
with a negative prefix. What is the B Lucky you. My grandad's famous for his _ __ . A fiver eve ry
negative prefix for these words? birthday, if he remembers.
believable honest responsible
legal credible probable 3 A Well, Henry, I'm pleased there's been some ____ Il1 your
behaviour this term, but sadly your work has _ _ __
1 What part of speech are these words? B Didn't I do OK in the test then?
Write anto nyms for them using prefixes
4 A You're not going bungee jumping! It sounds reaUy _ _ __
if possible.
B No, honestly, it's enough as long as you' re careful.
Word Antonym(s)
5 A Our teacher is always us. I feel useless.
fake adj gelluit1e, real, authelltic B I know - it's not fair, he should give us more if he
like vb dislike, hate, call't stal1d wants us to work hard.
tiny
lID Listen and check.
happiness
guiltv 3 What is the effect of using antonyms in these conversations?
safe A What lousy weather!
admit BYes, it's not exactly tropical, is it?
sincere A Jenny's thick, isn't she?
success B Well, she isn't the brightest of people, it's true.
mature Write similar conversations with a partner about these topics.
encourage How could you describe the following both honestly and tactfully?
kind/generous • a boring dinner • an awful holiday • a mean friend • a difficult exam
appear
lID Listen and compare.
4 What's the opposite of ... ?

a tough question 3 fair hair 5 a live animal
tough meat a fair decision live music
2 a clear sky 4 a hard mattress 6 a light colour
a clear conscience a hard exam a light sleeper
5 Match the words and their meanings.

1 abused not ever used
2 disused not used any more
3 unused used cruelly or badly
4 misused used too much
5 overused not used enough
6 underused used in the wrong way
42 Unit 4 • Nothing but the truth

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Being polite
1 What 'white lies' might you tell in these Music of En lish -. : -...
situations? Roleplay them with a partner.
To sound polite, start quite high and go even higher on the main stressed
You're having a meal with your host family. word. Your voice should then fall and rise at the end of the sentence.
You've just forced yourself to eat something ----------------~
you don't like, when your host says, 'You Could you possibly close the . 'dow, please?
must have some more!' What do you say?
mm Listen and repeat. If you use flat intonation, it sounds very
2 Afriend has just had a baby who you think aggressive in English!
looks like any other newborn baby. 'Isn't he
gorgeous?' she coos. What do you say?
4 Work with a partner. Take turns to make the requests and offers in
3 Your aunt invites you to go on holiday with exercise 3 and refuse them politely, using one of these expressions.
her for two weeks. You love her, but know I'd love to, but ... That's really kind of you, but .. .
it would be a disaster and it would be no I'm terribly sorry ... Believe me, I would if I could, but ...
holiday for you. What do you say? I'm afraid I ...
2 DO Listen to the pairs of lines and IDII Listen and compare your answers.
conversations. After each one say which
is more polite. In what ways? Look at the
tapescript on p129 and practise the polite
Roleplay
conversations with a partner. 5 Anna and Ben Wilson have invited their friends Kim and Henry to
3 Make these requests and offers more their house for dinner. Look at the conversation on p 156. Work in
polite. Use the expressions below. groups of four to complete the conversation and then practise it,
using the main stress shading to help you.
1 Give me a lift.
2 Help me find my glasses!
3 Come for a meal tomorrow evening!
4 Lend me your dictionary.
5 Look after my cat while I'm on holiday.
6 Where's the toilet?
7 Can I help you with this exercise?
8 Stop whistling!
Ben Kim! Hello! Great to see you. Come on in.

Let me take your coat.
Kim ThattKs very mUGho Oh, these are for you.
ID!J Listen and compare.
Unit 4· othing but the truth 43

eye t(j) the future
Future forms • Hot verbs - take, put • Telephoning ,
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

Which future form expresses ... ?
an intention a prediction a future fact based on a timetable an arrangement between people a spontaneous decision a suggestion
Tomorrow's weather will be warm and sunny. 4 We're seeing Sue for lunch on Thursday.
2 The flight to Doha leaves at ten past ten. S Shall we have a break now?
3 I'm going to be a racing driver when' grow up. 6 ,'II make some coffee.
2 Name the different future forms.
HOW DO YOU SEE YOUR FUTURE?

Future forms
l1li Look at the pictures and listen to these people talking about
the future. Who says what? Put a number 1-6 next to the names.
Tony I
44 Unit 5 • An eye to the future

2 Answer the questions.
What is Katrina going to study?
How long does her course last?
2 What is Mickey doing tomorrow?
What time does the match start?
3 Why are Tony and Marie excited?
4 What's Elsie doing tomorrow?
What will they do together?
S Why is Janine packing?
How's she getting to the airport?
6 What are Gavin's ambitions?
3 Here are the answers to some questions.
''''rite the questions .
1 Bristol University. (Which .. . ?)
2 His son and some friends.
Oxford United and Bristol Rovers.
3 In three weeks.
4 A sponge cake with jam in it.
S It leaves at 10.30.
6 Twice what he's earning now.
Do these sentences refer to the present

or the future?
Marie's moving house soon .. .
At the moment I'm packing .. .
I work in the City.
The plane leaves at 70.30.
2 What's the difference between these
sentences?
What do you do in the evenings?
What are you doing this evening?
Get in the car. I'll give you a lift.
I'm going to give Dave a lift to the
airport tomorrow.
We'lf have supper at 8.00.
We'll be having supper at 8.00.
I'll write the report tonight.
I'll have written the report by tonight.
~~ Grammar Reference pp144- 146
Unit 5 . An eye to the future 45

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar
1 Choose the correct form in the pairs 2 Put the verb in brackets in the correct tense. Use Present
of sentences. Simple, Present Perfect, will or the Future Continuous.
'II see / 'm going to see

I'm very excited. I _ __ _ all m y family this
weekend.
I don't know if I have time to come this evening.
I _ _ __
2 are you going to do / will you do

So you're off to the States for a year! What
_ ___ there?
I'm sure you will pass your exams, but what
_ _ __ if you don't?
3 'II come / 'm coming

____ with you if you like.
____ with you whether you like it or not.
4 are you doing / are you going to do

Your school report is terrible. What _ _ __
about it?
What ____ this evening?
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome on board
5 'm giving / 'm going to give this British Ai rways flight to Rome. In a very short time we
(1) (take) off. When we (2)_ _ _ (reach)
I've had enough of her lazy attitude. I _ _ __
our cruising speed of 550 miles per hou r, we (3)_ __ _
her a good talking to.
(fly) at 35,000 feet. Our flight time today is two and a haLf
I a presentation at 3.00 this afternoon. hours, so we (4)_ _ __ (be) in Rome in ti me for Lunch!
I'm scared stiff.
The cabin crew (5)____ (serve) refreshments during
6 leaves / is leaving the flight. If you (6) (need) any assistance,
John! Peter ____ now. Come and just press the button and a flight attendant (7)_ _ __
say goodbye. (come) to help you.
The coach ____ at 8.00, so don 't be late. [Near the end of the flight ]
In a few moments' tim e, t he crew (8)____ (come)
7 'II see / 'II be seeing round with duty-free goods. We (9 ) also _ _ __
_ _ _ _ you outside the cinema at 8.00. (give out) landing cards. When you (10) (fiLL)
_ ___ Peter this afternoon, so I'll tell him t hem in, place th em in your passport. They (11)_ _ __
your news. (collect) as you (12) (go) through passport control.
In twe nty mi nutes' time we (13) _(land) at
8 'II see / 'II have seen
Leo nardo da Vinci ai rport. Please put your seats in t he
You enough of me by the end of upri ght position. You are requeste d to remain seated until
this holiday. the pla ne (14) (come) to a complete sta ndstill.
I'm going to make a success of my life. You _ _ We hope you (15) (fly) again soo n with
Bri tish Airways.
l1li Listen and check. lID Listen and check.

/ hope 50// don't think 50
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb. Use will, 5 lID Listen to the conversations and
the Future Continuous, or the Future Perfect. complete them.
go 'Do you th ink you'll ever be rich?'

'I so.
1 I can book the tickets. I past the theatre on my way home. 'I one clay.'
2 I'll say goodbye now. You by the time I get back. 'It's possible, but I _ _ __ it.'
3 He mad when I tell him I've crashed his car. 'I'm sure 1_ _ _
'I 'm sure I _ _ _
make
4 'Tea?' 'It's OK. I ____ it.' 2 'Are you going out tonight?'
'Yes, 1am.'
5 Dave is so ambitious. I bet he ____ a fortune by the time
'I think , but I'm not sure.'
he's thirty. 'I be.'
6 You'll know where our class is. We ____ so much noise!
3 'Do you think the world's climate will
read change dramatically in the next fifty years?'
'1____ 50.'
7 I'll lend you this book next time I see you. I _ _ _ it by then.
'Ihope _ _ __
8 We're studying Shakespeare next term so I his plays over
'Who _ _ __ ? Maybe.'
the summer.
9 I've just got an email from Megan. I _ _ _ _ it to you.
6 Ask and answer similar yeslno questions
about future possibilities in your life.
Ta lking about you
be famous
4 Complete the questions with the most natural future form. go to Florida
Sometimes there are several possibilities. marry a millionaire
speak perfect English
Where (you go) on holiday this year? have grandchild ren
2 How (you get) there?
2 go to the cinema soon
3 How long (you be) away for?
meet friends th is weekend
4 Which hotel (you stay) in? eat out in the next few days
5 What time (your flight arrive)?
3 we discover new sources of energy
6 What (you do) while you 're on holiday?
people live for 150 years
find a cure for cancer
In pairs, ask and answer the questions ab ut yo ur next holiday.
If you haven 't got a holiday plamJed, one up!
N 0 I
READING AND SPEAKING Judith Woods and Fiona Holloway report
Today's teenagers are just fine!
In your country, what do

Today's teenagers
• old people think of young people? Today's teenagers get a bad press but t hey are not all sulking
• young people think of old people? in thei r bedrooms. The ones featured here - like most of t he
• parents think of teenagers? UK's five and a half mil lion teens - are ambitious, talented and
• teenagers think of their parents? making the most of thei r lives, often ag ainst the odds.
2 Look at the photos. Read the headings and the
introduction. Why do you think young people
'get a bad press'? '''!hat does this mean? Darius, from Southwest London,
3 W ork with a partner and answer these grew up in poverty, but discovering
questions about each person. table tennis turned his life around.
He is now the European yo uth
What is their particular talent?
champion and has set his sights on
2 What do you learn about their family or
the Olympics.
childhood?
3 Who has influenced their life and career? "My chil dhood was tough. It was
4 What have they achieved in life so far? an everyday thing for me to get
5 What is their ambition? into fights. Then, when I was ten I
6 Do they spend time with friends? took up table tenn is and joined an
after-school group. The teacher,
4 Compare Sarah's life vvith the three boys. Gideon Ashison, made me see
5 Which person might have said . . . ? that it was up to me if I wanted
to be successful. I started to enter
'She won't be able to walk at all soon.' competitions and trained from
2 'By the time I'm 20 I'll be giving concerts the age of 12. When I was 17 Iwas
all over the world.' awarded a place at the Institute of
3 'I'm going to take my grandmother on a Sport in Sheffield, where I now live
world cruise.' and train full-time. My goal is to
4 'I'm taking part in a major tournament in become the world's number one
China neA1: month. ' table tennis player. I still see my
friends but table tennis isn't their
What do you think? kind of thing."
• Who do you think is the most successful now?
• Who will be most successful in the future?
• Which two teenagers do you most admire? Why?
Language work
Complete the chart of adjectives and nouns. M ark
the stress. The missing words are all in the articles.
Adjective Noun
ah\ bitiou~ am'bit ion
poor
competit ive
memorable
success
influential
responsible
pride
health
necessity
48 Unit 5 . An eye to the future

are just fine!
Sara h, from Shrewsbury, cares for her mother Carol, 51, who has
mult iple sclerosi s (MS).
"I'll never forget my first day at school. I saw the other children
being dropped off by their parents and I suddenly reali sed that
not all mothers were in a wheelchair. The t hi ng is my mum has
had MS for 26 years so I have no memory of her bei ng anyth ing
ot her than ill.
Harry Byart (AKA Fugative) lives in Essex. His fi rst album,
Prince of the Playground, was released last September As an only child, I've had to grow up quickly to cope with the
and his single Summertime is available to download from responsibilities of Mum's condition. Althouqh she's relatively
Myspace and has been played on BBe Radio 1. mobile, she falls over daily, suffers from fatigue and can't do
much. In the morn ings I make sure Mum has t aken her pills and
"My family have always encouraged me and my m usic. I
I give her an injection. After school I cook dinner. I don't have
play the keyboard and I sing. I've co-written all t he songs
much t ime for schoolfriends. Then someone t old me about a
with my producer Darren Martyn, who has worked with
proj ect t hat gives young carers the chance a meet each ot her.
ma ny well-known m usicians. He's been a big influence
That helps a lot. Caring for my mum isn't a burden, I'm going to
on me. I write about things t hat matter t o me such as
carryon doing it as long as it's necessary."
my f riends, schoo l and real life. I plan to make music my
career, but at this stage my ambition is ju st t o make my
mum proud of me."
SPOKEN ENGLISH 'thing'
Fraser is from Edinburgh. He set up the healt hy-jam brand The word thing is used a lot in English!
SuperJam when he was just 16. Today it is sold in 1,000 st ores 1 Look at t he examples of thing f rom Darius's story on I
in the UK, and he's about to launch it in Europe. page 48. H
"When I was 14, my grandma told me her secret reci pe for jam. It was an everyday thing for me to get into fights.
I made a batch and sold it locally for £1.50 a jar. It was really Table tenn is isn't thei r kind of thil ng.
popular and within 18 mont hs I was maki ng 1,000 j ars a week.
Fi nd an example of thing(s) in each of the other texts.
My story made the local newspaper and I was spott ed by a
businessman. Than ks to his advice I began research ing j am 2 Ask and answer the questions with a partner about you. i
companies and I developed the ra nge to include blueberries • How are th ings with you at the moment?
and cranberries and, because I wa s using these so-called • What's the t hing you like most about learning Engl ish?
'superfoods', I ca lled it SuperJam. • Generally speaking, do you t ry to do the right thing?
Today I earn more tha n bot h my parents combined. People ask • Do you like doing your own t hing?
if I feel I've missed out on being a 'normal teenager', but I st ill • Is horse racing your kind of t hingl
do all the th ings w ith my fri ends that the average t eenager does • Do you ever say t he wrong thing in company?
- I ju st get to do unusual stuff as well, like having dinner wit h • Do you have a t hing about people wearing f ur? . ~
th e Prime Minister. My am bit ion is t o sell my jam w orldwide." · If your friend keeps you waiting, do you make a big
thing of it ? ~
~~~~
"
Unit 5 • An eye to the future 49
SPEAKING
A career quiz
Who do you know that is rich and successful? Think of 3 Do the quiz. Circle an an swer a, b, or c. Compare your
people you know personally and famous people. What answers with a partn er.
have they done? Share ideas with the class.
4 Turn to page 157 and find out how ambitious you are.
2 Are you ambitious? Do you want to be rich and Do yo u agree? Discuss as a class. Who are the most
successful or do you think there's more to life th an ambitious? \rvhat do they want to do? Who are th e least
work? ambitious? Why?
1 It's 8.30am on the fi rst morn ing of the working

week. Are you .. .?
6 You and a co lleague are both put forwa rd for
promotion but you do n't get it. Do you .. .-)
a already worki ng at your desk. a fi nd it very difficu It to co ngratu late him
b just walki ng throu gh the door. or her.
e just wa lking out of th e shower. b congratu late him or her wa rmly but feel very
disappointed.
2 You 've been asked to presen t yo ur team's findings
at a meeting with yo ur boss. Do you .. .?
c feel rel ieved that yo u won 't have any extra
work.
a ta ke cred it yourself fo r most of the findings.
b present a balanced report, taking care to give
credit to coll eagues where it's due.
7 Head office sends an emai l asking staff for
suggestions to cut costs in the workplace.
e forget you r notes for the meeting. Do you .. .?
a already have a list of suggestions.
3 Your boss is really pleased with your team's work
and takes yo u all out to a restaurant to celeb rate.
b refuse to take part beca use you believe th ey
are trying to cut jobs.
Do yo u ... ? c delete the email.
a make sure th at you are sitting next to your
boss to ex pl ain why th e project wa s so
successful.
8 Your boss is going away on a trai ning course and
you are going to take over his or her jo b for that
b chat to you r boss for a while and then tal k to period . Are you goi ng to ... ?
your coll eagues. a work hard and make sure yo ur co ll eagues work
e enj oy the meal and chat to anyone and hard.
everyone. b discuss your plans with your col leagues to get
their support.
4- You are at a co nference and your name badge has
your name but you r boss's job title. Do yo u ...?
c enjoy the freedom of yo ur boss
being away.
a just leave it because you hope to have th e title
yo urself one day.
b ask politely for it to be changed.
9 What is your motto at work?
a Work hard and make sure th e
e fail to notice. You never bother to pin name boss notices what you do.
badges on anyway. b Make sure you wo rk we ll
with your team .
5 If your co lleagues chose an adjective to descri be
you , which wo uld it be?
c Work to live, don't live
to work.
a Highly-motivated .
b Su pportive.
C Lazy.

VOCABULARY
Hot verbs - take, put Phrasal verbs
1 There are many expressions with take and put. Look at these examples 5 Use a dictionary. Complete the
from the texts on pages 48-49 and the quiz on pages 50 and 157. sentences with a phrasal verb with take.
I make sure Mum has taken her pills. take sth back take sth in
Do you take credit yourself for most of the findings? take off take sb on
You and a colleague are both put forward for promotion.
You must put yourself first sometimes. The shop _ _ _ _ a lot of
extra staff every Dubai Shopping
2 Put the words in the right box. Festival.
offence a stop to sth place your arm round sb (no) notice part 2 The lecture was too complicated,
sb in charge of sth sb/sth for granted my advice a plan into practice and the students couldn't _ _
a risk your work first responsibility for sth pressure on sb ages it all _ _.
3 My business really _ _ __
TAKE PUT
after I picked up six new clients.
4 You called me a liar, but I'm not.
_ _ that _ _ and say sorry!
mJ Listen and check.

3 Complete the sentences with expressions from exercise 2 in the correct
form. 6 Complete the sentences with these
The wedding _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in a small village. It was lovely, but it phrasal verbs with put.
was miles away. It to get there.
put sth out put sb off
2 My son's buying cigarettes, but I'll soon _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ put sth away put sth on
to that. I won't give him any more pocket money.
3 Please don't but r don't think your work has been _ _ some music _ _!
up to your usual standard recently. 'W hatever YOllwant.
4 I told you that restaurant was awful. You should have _ _ __ 2 That article about factory farming
____ ____ and gone somewhere else. has really _ _ me _ _ eating
5 The older you get, the more you have to learn to ________ chicken.
for your own life. 3 Could you _ _ _ _ your
6 My boss is on me to resign, but I won't go. clothes, please. Your room's a
7 I tried to get the teacher's attention but she ________ tota1 mess.
____ of me at all.
4 _ _ your cigarette _ _1 You
8 Children never say <Thank you' or <How are you?' to their parents. can't smoke in here.
They just them ________
1m Listen and check.

4 Match a line in A with a line in B. Underline the expressions with take or put.
A B
1 Take your time. Put it in your diary.
2 The exam's on the 21st. What would you do?
3 Their marriage will be a happy one. Calm down. There's no need to panic.
4 'I told her a joke about the French, There's no need to hurry.
and it turned out she was French.' No one's out to get you.
5 Take it easy. Take my word for it. I know these things.
6 Put yourself in my shoes. 'Whoops! You really put your foot in it,
7 You always take things too personally. didn't you?' '~A/ell, I wouldn't eat it, but don't let
that put you off.'
Unit 5 . An eye to the future 51

The reunion
Three friend s, Alan, Sam, and James, Alan Sam James

were all at university together in Chicago. Travelling from?
Now, ten years later, they are planning a
reunion. Divide into two groups. How?
Gr oup A Leaving at what time?

iI!IlJ Listen to Alan phoning Sam.
Arriving in Chicago at?
Group B
IiIII Listen to Sam phoning James. Staying where?
Listen and complete as much as possible Going to which restaurant?

of the chart. The following names are
Where is it?
mentioned.
Where are they going to meet?
Green Street EI Gusto Michigan
Days Inn Sheraton LA Dos Hermanos What time?
Taylor Street Oak Park Chicago
3 Find a partner from the other group. Swap information to complete
2 heck yo ur answers with peo ple in your the chart.
gro up .
4 What m ight go wrong with th eir arrangements? Or will everything
work ou t all right? Who 's meeting who where?
~ WRITING Emailing friends p715
IJames I
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Beginning a telephone conversation Ending a telephone conversation
1 iI!lJ Listen to the beginning of 3 Here is the end of a telep hone conversation between two wo rk
three phone calls . What's th e difference colleagu es, Andy and Barry. Put it in the right order.
between them ?
• When and why do we make small talk? Who
wit h? What about?
• Why do organizations have recorded menus?
• Why do people nnd them frustrating?
2 Here is the beginnin g of a telephone
conversation between two people who
don 't know each other. Put it in the right
order.
OJ A 50, Barry. It was good to talk to you. Thanks very much for phoning.
o A I certainty will. And you'll send me a copy of the report?
o A That's great, Barry. Have a good weekend!

o B My pleasure. By the way, how's your golf these days? Still playing?
o B Same to you, too! Bye, Andy.
ITJ Hello. TYS Computers. Samantha speaking.
How can I help you?
o B OK. Don't want to keep you. you'll give me a ring when you're back, right?
50,
o (pause ) OK. It's ri ng ing for you now. o A No, not much. I just don't seem to fi nd the time these days. Anyway, Barry ...
o Yes, please. o B It'll be in the post tonight.

o (ring ring) Hello. Customer services. o A It's true. Right, Barry. I must fly. I'm late for a meeting.
o Good morning. Could I spea k to your o B What a shame! You used to enjoy it so much,
customer services department, please? [ill A Bye, Barry.
o (pause) I'm afraid the line's busy at the
moment. Will you hold? iDD Listen and check your answers.
o Certainly. Who's ca lling? 4 Discuss th e questions .
• Who's trying to end the conversation?
o Thank you. • Who wants to chat?
o This is Keit h Jones.
• How does Andy try to signal that he wants to end the conversation?
• How do they confirm their arrangements?
!IQJ Hello, Iwas wondering if you could help me ... 5 Your teacher will give you a list of expressions and a role card for a
phone conversation. W ork in pairs. Decide if you think small talk is
II!iI Listen and check your answers. necessary, and if so, what yo u can talk about. Sit back to back and
have the conversation.
Un it 5 • An eye to the future 53
Expressions of quantity • 'export and ex 'port • Business expressions and numbers
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR THE CELEBRITY CHEF

Underline the words that can complete the Expressions of quantity
expressions of quantity.
a few .. . cars/ traffic/ hold-ups/ pollution 1 Jamie Oliver is a fam ous British chef. Read the article.
not many ... crimes/ criminalslviolence/ accidents 2 Answer the questions.
several ... times/ lette rs/ paper/ rooms 1 How many TV series has he made?
very little ... time/ room/ hope/ spaces 2 How many books has he written?
not much ... jobs/unemploymentlwork/ experience 3 How many live shows do es he do a year?
a bit of ... luck/ opportunity/ fu n/ help 4 How much did he earn cooking at his parents' restaurant?
5 How long did he spend in catering college?
a lot of ... enthusiasm/ energy/ people/ ingredients
6 How much time did he spend in France?
enough .. . chairs/ food/ herbs/ cutlery
7 How many chefs did he work under in London?
plenty of ... fresh ai r/ fluids/ sleep/ walks
8 How much experience did he have when he was first on TV?
hardly any ... money/ experience/ c\othes/friends
9 H ow many fresh ingredients and herbs did he use?
2 What do you notice about the three groups 10 How much interest in food programmes did his audience
of quantifiers? have previously?
,.IVer At only 33, JAMIE OLIVER is now an extremely

successful and well-known chef, with his own
acclaimed restau rant in the centre of London.
He has made nine TV series, written several
books, and still does around twent!:) live shows a !:)ear. He
doesn 't have much free time an!:) more. How did he make it big?
Well, his rise t o fame and fortune came ea rly and swiftly . By the age
of eight he had alread!:) started cooking at his parents' restauran t .
It was an easy way to earn a bit of poc ket money! Aftertwo years in
ca t ering college, and some time spent in France, he started working in
restaurants. He worked under three famous chefs in London before he
was spotted b!:) a TV producer at 21, and his life ch anged.
Even though he had ver!:) little experience, he had a great deal of
enthusiasm for cooking, and was very natural in front of the camera.
His first TV programme fea t ured him rushing around Lond on on his
scooter bu!:)ing ingredient s and cooking for his friends , all to a rock and
roll soundtrack. The rec ipes were bare and simple - they didn't involve
complicate d cookin g t echniques and used plenty of fresh ingredients
herbs. It att ract ed a completel!:) new audience that previousl!:) had
interest in food programmes. Jamie Oliver became an overnight s
So wh at' s his recipe for success? 'A little bit of luck, a little bit of
passion, and a litt le bit of knowledge!' he says.
54 Unit 6 • Making it big

3 l1li Listen to a similar text about Jamie Oliver. PRACTICE
Write down the differences you hear.
Countable or uncountable?
1 With a partner, ask and answe r questions.

Why do we say .. . ? !-low h1uch ... 1 !-low h1al1Y ... 1
quite a few TV series but a little pocket money money/in your pocket 6 pairs of jeans
not much free time but not many free days 2 cups of coffee/day 7 books/read in one year
3 times/been on a plane 8 homework/a night
2 Complete the chart and compare the different ways of
4 time/spend watching TV 9 English teachers/had
expressing quantity.
5 sugar/in your coffee 10 films/a month
Reading text Listening text
lID Listen and compare your answers.
nine TV series quite a few
2 Some nouns can be both countable (C) or
ten books uncountable (U) .
twenty live shows
Chocolate is fattening. U
not many free days Have a chocolate. C
two years
a few famous chefs I do a lot of business in the Middle East. U
We opened a business together. C
very little experience
a lot of enthusiasm Co m plete the sen tences with n or n othing.
plenty of fresh ingred ients I'd like _ single room for the night.
didn't have any interest Is there _ room for me to sit down?
~~ Grammar Reference pp146-147 2 You mustn't let children play with _ fire.
Can we light _ fire? It's getting cold.
4 Close your books. vVhat can you remember about 3 Oman is a land of _ great beauty.
Jamie Oliver? You should see my new car. It's _ beauty.
4 There was _ youth standing in front of me.

_ youth is wasted on the young.
3 Find word pairs linked according to meaning. Which

are normally count nouns, and which uncount? Write
them in the correct column.
dollar lorry suitcase job furniture advice apple

trouble fact money suggestion fruit journey chair
problem work traffic information luggage travel
Count nouns Uncount nouns

dollar h1ol1ey
I
With a partner, choose a pair of words. Write two
sentences to illustrate their use. Use the count nouns in
the plural.
We l1eed SOh1e t1ew furl1iture. We t1eed four h10re chairs.
Unit 6 • Making it big 55

Expressing quantity SPOKEN ENGLISH Expressing quantity
4 Rephrase the se ntences. Use the prompts . There are many ways of expressi ng qua nt it y in spoken English.
She earns five euros an hour. She's got loads of clothes.
much / very little / ha rdly any II!I Listen and fill the gaps with the expression of quantity you hear.
She doesn't earn h1uch h1oney. _ _ _ of time _ _ _ of food _ __ of th ings
She ea rns very little h10MY. _ __ ofmoney _ __ of washi ng _ _ _ of people
She earns hardly any h1oney.
What have your fr iends got a lot of?
She's got two friends.
Tania's got h1illiol1s of shoes.
many / very few / hardly any
- -
2 There are six eggs in the fridge.
some / a few / eno ugh A lifestyle survey
3 There are two eggs in the fridge.
Cond uct a survey of the habits of your class using the activities listed.
many / only a couple of \Vhen YOll are ready, give your feedback using expressions from the
4 There aren't any tomatoes . box.
no / not a single / none • like shopping all of us
5 Did you spend many weeks in France? • spend a lot of money on trainers most of us Most of us like shopping.
much / a lot of • watch Prison Break a fe w of us
• buy designer clothes hardl y anybody
6 I have five days' holiday a year. • li ke Grey s Anatomy quite a lot of us
much / hardly any • go to coffee shops nob ody
• go swimming regularly (nearl y) everybod y
7 I have put on 20 kilos ! none of us
• do a lot of exercise
a huge amount of / far too much / loads of
8 Ninety per cent of my friends have a car.
al most all / most / the majority
9 Ten percent of them smoke .
very few / hardly any / not many
10 There isn't one of my friends who's married.
none / not one
11 Ken wo rks 100 per cent of the time.
all / the whole
12 Yesterday I ate hardly anything at all.
not much / ve ry little / almost nothing
5 Choose the correct alternative.

1 I have a few / few cousins, but not many.
2 We have vel)' little / a little money, I'm afraid.
3 I earn less / fewer money than I did in my
old job!
4 Less / fewer people study French these days.
5 All people / Everyone took the test.
6 I was burgled last month. All / Everything
was stolen.
7 Everyone / All the people was watching the
Cup Final.
8 Last week the all / whole school had flu.
WRITING Report writing - A consumer survey p116
56 Unit 6 ' Making it big
Advertisements
1 W hat' s your favourite advertisement at t he moment? 5 What is th e selling poin t for each advert?
W hat's it fo r? Does it have a sto ry? 6 Answer the questions about each advert.
2 T alk about an advertisement from a newspaper or Describe Sarah's play shirt.
magazine. \Vhat's it fo r? Why do you like it? What's special about this washing powder?
3 IDI Listen to four radio advertisements and answer 2 What do the men think of the woman driver?
the questions. Write a number 1-4. Why and how do they change their minds?
3 What has the daughter done that she's so proud of?
Which advert . .. Why is her father so horrible to her?
0< is advertising a football match?
.
o 4 How does the official try to hurry up the wedding?
... is selling soap powder? D Why is he in a hurry?
... is fo r car insurance for women? D
... is advertising a shop's opening hours? D Writing an advert
4 Complete the chart. Devise a radio or television advert. Choose a product or
service of your own, or one of the following.
Name of the Characters Setting/
product involved place
a BMW sports car Bonzo pet food
1
Dazzle washing-up liquid
2
Blue Mountain coffee a bank for students
3
a restaurant in town
4
a computer

Two famous brands
ANYONE FOR COFFEE? What about a
Skinny Latte, or perhaps an Almond Truffle
Mocha, or even a Raspberry Mocha Chip
Frappuccino? These are just a few of the
many speciality coffees on offer at
Starbucks, the world's leading coffee
roaster and retailer.
Starbucks serves over 25 million cu stomers a

week in 7, 500 stores around the world . And thi s
figure is increasing rapidly, with three or fou r new
ftt("'H.stQrbucks.com sto res being opened every single day! So how did
a company currently worth $5 billion get started?
Starbucks Coffee, Tea and Spice, as it was originally
known, roasted its first coffee beans in 1971.
This tiny coffee house in Seattle, named after a
1 What do you know about these brands? What is character in the novel Moby Dick, was t he vision of th ree men -
their reputation? Are they popular among your Baldwin, Siegel, and Bowker - who ca red passionately about fine
friends and family? Who are their rivals? coffee and tea. Their determination to provide the best quality
2 Work in two groups. coffee helped thei r business to succeed, and a decade later, th eir
Group A Read about Starbucks on this page. fourth store in Seattle opened.
Group B Read about Apple Macintosh on p59. Meanwhile, in New York, Howard Schultz, a businessman
Read your article and answer the questions. specializing in kitchen equipment, noticed that a small company
in Seattle was ordering a large nu mber of a special type of
When and where did the company begi n? coffeemaker. Out of curiosity, he made the cross-country trip
2 Who founded it? to Seattle to find out more. Immediately he saw t he Starbucks
3 Where did the name of the company come from? store, he knew that he wanted to be part of it. The three founder
4 Why did the product become a success? members weren't initially very keen, but a persistent Schultz was
5 Has the company's progress always been easy? eventually hired to be head of Starbucks marketing in 1982. He
6 What makes t he brand special? modelled the Starbucks stores on Italian espresso bars, and made
7 What features of the product or company do them comfortable places to relax. Within the next ten years, Schultz
people see as negati ve? had already opened 150 new stores and had bought the company!
8 What are some examples of the company's There are now stores all over Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
products? Today Starbucks is one of the world 's most recognized brands.
3 Find a partner from the other group. Compare

and swap information. H 3 or 4 new stores open every day. "
4 Here are eight answers. Decide which four are
But global success comes at a pri ce. Although Sta rbu cks has a
about your article. Then write the questions.
company policy of fair trad e and employee welfare, it has bee n
• In Silicon Valley. the recent target of anti-globalization protests. M any people
• Three or four . feel t hat big corporation s, even res ponsible ones, are never a
• $5 billion. good thing, as small, independent compan ies can 't com pete
• In 1997. (When .. . launched?)
and go out of business. However, Starbucks' continued success
• Ten years. (How long ... take . .. ?)
in the face of opposition shows t hat its blend of comme rcialism
• Because he argued with his partner. (Why ... resign?)
• Because they can't compete. (Why ... out of business?)
and comfy sofas is still proving an irresistible recipe for world
• By selling some of their possessions. (How ... ?)
domination.

ARE YOU A MAC USER? For m , home
compute rs have become synonymous
wit h Wi ndows and Bill Gat es, but there
has always been a loyal band of Apple
Macint osh use rs, whose devotion to the
Apple brand and its co-founder Steven
Jobs is almost rel igious.
Steven Jobs and Steven Wozniak dropped out of college

and got jobs in Silicon Valley, w here they founded the Apple
Computer company in 1976, the name based on Jobs'
favourite fruit. They designed t he Apple I computer in Jobs'
bedroom, having raised the capital by selling t heir most
valued possessions - an old Volkswagen bu s and a scientific
calculator. The later model, the Apple Macintosh, introduced
the public to point and cl ick graphics. It was the f irst home
computer to be truly user-friendly, or as t he first advertising
Vocabulary work
campaign put it, 'the computer for the rest of us'.
When IBM released its first PC in 1981 , Jobs realized t hat Find adverbs ending in -ly in the texts that have
Apple would have to become a more grown -up company in these meanings.
order to compete effect ive ly. He brought in John Sculley, t he Starbucks
president of Pepsi -Cola, to do the job, asking him ' Do you
want to just sell sugared water for the rest of you r life, or do
Ia at great speed
b at the present time
you want to change the world? ' Sculley and Jobs began to
c in the beginning, before a change
argue bitterly, howeve r, and after a power st ruggle, Jobs was
d with strong feeling and enthusiasm
reluctantly f orced to resign.
e at the beginning
f after a long time, especially after a delay
" The computer for the rest of us. rr Apple Macintosh
By 1996 Apple was in troub le, due to the dominance of a really/genuinely
Windows software and the increasing number of PC clones which b in a way that produces a successful result
could use it. Jobs, having had great success with his animation c in a way that shows feelings of sadness or anger
studio Pixar, was brought back to the ailing firm for an annual d in a way that shows hesitation because you
salary of $1 , and the company gradually returned to profitability. don't want to do sth
e slowly over a long period of time
Apple's computers cost more than most PCs, and have a more f in a very important way
limited range of software available for them, but t heir great
appeal has bee n the atte ntion to deSi gn, making Apple the cool
computer company. The launch of the stu nning mul ti-coloured What do you think?
iMac in 1997, followed by the sleek new iMac in 200 2, marked
t he end of th e computer as an ugly, utilitarian machine, and 1 What arguments do the anti-globalization
brought the home compute r out of the study and into th e protesters make against Starbucks and other
lounge. As Steve Jobs put it, 'Other companies don 't ca re about multinational corporatio ns? Do you agree?
design. We th ink it's vitally important.' 2 Do you have a computer? What sort?
Apple 's fortunes were transformed again with t he development What are your favourite websites?
of t he iPod in 2003, which soon became a m ust-have gadget
and brought about a boom in Internet music sal es. And of
course, it was beautifully styli sh.
Unit 6 . Making it big 59

VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION SPEAKING
export: l'eksPJ:tl or Irk'sPJ:tl? Starting a restaurant
1 IDI Listen and repeat these words, first as nouns and then as verbs. 1 Think of some restaurants that are
How does the word stress change? popular where you live. What makes
them successful?
a export c decrease e progress g refund permit k insult
b import d increase f record h produce transport I protest
3 Complete the sentences with one of the words in its correct form.
Read the sentences aloud.
Scotland ____ a lot of its food from other countries. Its _ _ __
include oil, electronics and financial services.
2 I'm very pleased with my English. I'm making a lot of _ _ __
3 Ministers are worried. There has been an ____ in the number of
unemployed.
4 But the number of crimes has , so that's good news.
5 How dare you call me a liar and a cheat! What an _ _ __
6 There was a demonstration yesterday. People were ____ about
blood sports. 2 Work in small groups. You are going to
7 He ran 100m in 9.75 seconds and broke the world _ _ __ open your own restaurant. You have to
8 Don't touch the DVD player! I'm a film. make many important decisions. Discuss
9 Britain ____ about 50% of its own oil. these questions.
II:!J Listen and check. 1 What kind of restaurant will you open?
2 How will you raise money to start the
restaurant?
refuse: I'refju:zl or In'fju:zl? 3 Where will the restaurant be located?
4 What kind of customers do you want
1 lID These words have different meanings according to the stress. to attract?
Check the meaning, part of speech, and the pronunciation in your 5 How will you advertise your restaurant
dictionary. Listen and repeat. to attract these cusomers?
6 How many workers will you hire and
a refuse c minute e content g invalid how much will you pay them?
b present d desert f object h contract
3 Your restaurant is now successful! Discuss
2 Practise saying the words in exercise 1 9 as all adjective! these questions.
with a partner. 1 Should you raise prices?
3 Answer the questions using the words in exercise l. 2 Should you expand?
3 The economy enters a recession and
1 What's another name for a dustman?
business slows. What do you do to
2 What's a UFO?
stay profitable?
3 What's the Sahara?
4 What do you get lots of on your birthday?
What do you think?
5 What are pages 2 to 5 of this book?
6 What's another way of saying ... ? • Appoint a spokesperson from each group. Tell
• happy • very small the rest of the class what decisions you made
• a written agreement • to say you won't do something and why you think those decisions would make
• incorrect (PIN number) your restaurant successful.
• As a class, vote on the group whose restaurant
II'D Listen and check.
is most likely to continue to succeed.
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Business expressions and numbers
1 This exercise practises fixed expressions

in a work context. Match a line in A
with a reply in B.
We l1eed to get t ogether sometime.

Whel1 would suit you best?
MOl1day al1d Tue.sday are. out for me., but

Wedlle.sday would be tille.. Let's say Q.30.
A
1 Mike! Long time no see! How are things? a Sorry, I didn't qu ite get that last bit. What was it again?
2 I'm afraid something's come up, and I can't make our b Sure. ,'II email them to you as an attachment.
meeting on the 6th. c Hey! Mind your own business! You wouldn't tell anyone yours!
3 What are your travel arrangements? d There's no point. I'm not qualified for it. I wou ldn't stand
4 Could you confirm the details in writing? a chance.
5 They want a deposit of 2 Y2 percent, which is £7,500, e I'm getting fli ght BA 2762, at 18.45.
and we ... the two ... thousand ... ge ... t.. . f Good, thanks, Jeff. Business is booming. What about yourself?
6 I'll give you £5,250 for your car. That's my final offer. g Great! It's a dea l. It's yours.
7 I don't know their number offhand. Bear with me while h Never mind. Let's go for the following week. Is Wednesday
I look it up. the 13th good for you?
8 OK. Here's thei r number. Are you ready? It's 0800 205080. No worries. I'll hold.
9 So what's your salary, Dave? 35K? 40K? I'll read that back to you. Oh eight double oh, two oh five,
10 Have you applied for that job? oh eight oh.
2 Work with a partner. Cover the lines in B. 3 Practise the numbers in the conversations. How is the phone number
Try to remember the conversations. Then said in two different ways?
cover the lines in A and do the same.
4 Practise saying these numbers.
_ ~ I H:f[...JIII ::r.T;::Itt1 375 1,250 13,962 23,806 150,000 5,378,212
Use the stress shad ing t o help you get 12 % X X 13
the rhythm of each sentence right.
4.3 7.08 10.5 3.142 0.05
17 Sept Feb 3 22 Nov Aug14
< I~I~~ . J J
I
19th century 21st century 1960s
2007 1980 1786 1902
: I
12.00 p.m. 12.00 a.m. 14.05 22.30
07775 360722 0800664733 099021 22 23
(football) 2 - 0 (tennis) 30 - 0
(DI!J Listen and check.
'No. Thursday's out. How about never
S Write down some numbers. Dictate them to your partner. Ask your
is never good for you?' partner to read them back to you.

Getting on togetheF
Modals and related verbs 1 • Hot verb get • Exaggeration and understatement
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR WE CAN WORK IT OUT

Read the sentences HO and underline the Modals and related verbs
modal verbs. Rewrite them with a correct
expression a-j. 1 lID Read and listen to the two conversations. W'ho are the speakers?
1 You shouldn't wear red, it doesn't suit you. What are they talking about? Find all the examples of modal verbs.
2 May Imake a suggestion?
3 You can smoke in the designated area only.
4 I can take you to the airport after all.
5 You must obtain a visa to work in Australia.
6 You should always make an appointment.
7 You'll pass. Don't worry.
8 You mustn't walk on the grass.
9 I couldn't get through, the line was engaged.
10 I won't discuss the matter any further.
a I'll be able to .. .
b I didn't manage to ...
c You're bound to , ..
d You are required to .,'
e Is it OK if ... ?
f You're allowed to .. ,
g If I were you . , ,
h I refuse to ...
It's always a good idea to .. .
You aren't permitted to .. ,
A What the., . where d'you think you're going?
2 1m Listen and check.
B What d'you mean?
3 Complete the lines a-j with your own A Well, you can't turn right here.
ideas and compare with a partner. B Who says Ican't?
A That sign does mate. 'No Entry'. Can't you read?
1'1/ be able to come all gaturday after all. B I couldn't see it, could 17
A You should get your eyes tested, you should. You're not fit to be on
the roads.
2 1m Listen to two similar conversations. What expressions are

used instead of modal verbs?
3 Choose one of the conversations. Learn it by heart and act it out to
the class with your partner.
62 Unit 7 • Getting on together

PRACTICE
Modal verbs have many meanings. Match a sentence in Negotiat ing
A with a meaning in B.
1 Read the conversation. What is it about?
A S
1 He can ski.
2 Can Igo to the mall?
3 You must stop at the crossroads. ability
4 You must see the film. advice
5 He must be rich. obligation
6 I'll help you. permissi on
7 I won't help you. probability
8 You should stop smoking. (un)willingness
9 It will be a good match.
10 It might rain.
2 Which mean ings in B do these related verbs express?

be able to manage to be allowed to be bound to
be supposed to promise to refuse to have (got) to A If I were you, I'd swallow my pride and forgive and forget.
be required to be likely to had better Why don't you ... ? B Never! I refuse to.
A You'll have no choice in the end. You won't be able to ignore
3 What is the question, negative, and third person singular each other forever.
of these five sentences? B Maybe 1'/1 forgive her but 1'/1 never be able to forget.
I can speak japanese. I'm able to speak three languages. A Surely it's possible to talk it over and work something out. You
I must go. I have to go. I've got to go. have to for the sake of your friendship, after all these years.
Put the sentences into the past and future. B Oh dear! Ijust don't know what to do for the best.

2 lID Replace the words in italics with suitable modal
verbs, then listen and compare.
3 lID Do the same with this conversation.
A I don't know if I'f{ be able to come this evening.

S But you have to. You promised to.
2 AYou won't tell anyone, will you? A Yeah, but I'm not supposed to go out on weekday
BOf course I won't. evenings. My parents won't let me.
AYou really mustn't tell a soul. S Why don't you tell them that you're coming over to my
BTrust me. I won't say a word. house to do homework?
A But I know you. I'm sure you'll tell someone. A Not possible. Somebody's bound to see me and tell them.
B Look. Ireally can keep a secret, you know. Oh, but can Itell Carol? B We have no choice but to cancel the match then. Lots of
A That's fine. She's invited too, of course. It's just that Ben and I kids aren't able to come to practice in term time.
want a really quiet wedding, with just family and a few friends.
4 Practise the conversations with a partner.
Unit 7 • Getting on together 63

Discussing grammar Exciting news
5 Work with a partn er. \"'hich of the verbs or phrases can 7 Read one side of a telephone conversation between
fill the gap correctly? Cross out those which canno t. M aria and Rebecca.
_ _ _ _ be able to help you.
a won't b can't c might d may
2 Did you keep it secret?

a could b manage to c able to d have to
3 You be exhausted after such a lo ng journey.
a must b can c had better d are bound to
4 The bo ok is op tional. Our teacher said that we

_ _ _ _ read it if we don't want to.
a mustn't b don't have to c don't need to
d aren't supposed to
5 I absolutely _ _ _ _ work late again ton ight.
R Maria, hi! Why all the excitement?
a will not b shou ld not c might not d refuse to M . ..
R Yes, I can . I rem em ber you doing it in th e co ffee
6 hold your b reath fo r more than a minute?
bar. It was the one in the Daily Sun, wasn ' t it?
a Are you able to b Can you c May you d Could you Didn 't you h ave to name loads of capital cities?
7 tell me where the station is? M ...
R N ever! I d on ' t b elieve it. ' ''/ h at's the prize?
a May you b Could you c Are you able to d Can you M ...
8 ____ I have some more d essert? R You must be k idding! That's brilliant. For how
lo ng?
a Cou ld b May c Wil l d Wou ld
M ...
9 Will yo u _ ___ come on holiday with us? R W ell, you sh o uld be able to do quite a lo t in
three days. And th e Ritz Carlton! I'm impressed !
a can b be able to c be allowed to d may
Doesn't that overl ook Cen tral Park?
10 You go to England to learn English. M ...
R I thought so. N ot th at I've been there of co urse.
a should b don't have to c mustn't d cou ld
M .. .
11 You worry so much. You 'll make R What do you mean ? H ow would I ever be able to?
yoursel f ill. M .. .
R Yo u can ' t be serio us? Yo u kn ow I'd love to! But
a mustn't b shouldn't c don't have to d can't
why me? Surely you sh ould be asking Cath y.
12 _ _ _ _ call h ome . M ...
R 0 11, I'm sorry! I didn't know . When did thi happen?
a 'd better b ought to c am like ly to d had to M . ..
6 Re\vrite the sentences using the words in brackets. R Wel l, wh at ca n I say? H ow could I possibly refuse
an offer like that?
1 I just kn ow it'll rain at the weekend. (bou nd) M ...
2 H e gave up sm oking after three atte mpts. (manage), R I certainly will!
(succeed)
Can you wo rk out the answers to these questions?
3 Can you tell wh ich twin is which ? (able)
• Why is Maria so excited?
4 My parents say I can't go abroad to study. (allow), • Where is she going?
(let) • What is the relationship between Maria and Cathy?
5 You should take it back and complain. (Ij) , (better)
8 What do you think Maria's exact words were in the
6 I should wear a suit for work, but I often don't. conversation? Practise it with a partner.
(supposed)
7 You m ustn't tell anyo ne abo u t it . ( better), (promise)
9 IiI:I Listen to the actual conversation between Maria
and Rebecca. Compare your ideas.
8 He said he wouldn't put out his cigarette . (refuse )
64 Unit 7 . Getting on together

Getting married
Look at the photos of three weddings and SPOKEN ENGLISH Other question forms
describe them.
What is unusual about these questions from the interview?
2 What do you think are good reasons to get
married? What do you think are bad reasons? And your father arranged your marriage?
Discuss ideas with the class. And this one your father chose?
He had to?
3 This is Pratima KejriwaL
an Indian lady who had an These are declarative questions, and are used when the speaker thinks
arranged marriage. he/she has understood something, but wants to make sure or express
What would you like to surprise. Find more examples in the tapescript on p132.
know about her marriage? 2 Look at this question from the interview.
W rite questions with
a partner. For my sister, my elder sister, he saw over one hundred men before ... 1
Who arral1ged the
He saw how many? It
marriage? What emotion does this question form express? Make similar
!-low old was she whel1 questions in reply to these statements.
she married? 1 My friends went to Alaska on holiday. They went ... ?
2 I got home at 5.00 this morning.
4 DB Listen to Pratima. Answer the 3 I paid BOO for a pair of jeans.
questions. 4 I met the president while I was out shopping.
Which of the question s you wrote are
answered? What are the answers?
5 He invited me to the palace for dinner.
: I__L_is_te_n_an_d_C_h_eC_k_.~~~
_ ~:~__.~~~~~~~~~_~~~~~_~
I
~ ~H
__
i
2. How did Pratima's father find the two L -__
' _ ' ___
.
men?
3 What did he want to know about them? What do you think?
4 What were the similarities and differences
between the tv"o men? • Do you think arranged marriages are a good or bad thing? Work
5 Why did her father choose Shyam and not in groups and make a list of all the advantages and disadvantages
the first man? that you can think of.
6 Why did Shyam dress badly? • What other ways do people meet marriage pa rtners? Do you
7 What happened between the time of the believe some ways are better than others? If so, which?
interview and the wedding? Discuss your ideas with the class.
8 How do you know that Pratima believes
in arranged marriages? WRITING Arguing your case - For and against p11S

~EADING AND SPEAKING
eet the Kippers
When do young people usually leave home in your country?

Why do they leave? Work in two groups. List reasons for and
against leaving home when you grow up . Who are they?
Group A Make a list from the children's point of view.
Group B Make a list from the parents' point of view.
They'rethe children
Share ideas with the class.
Read the introduction to the article and answer the questions.
who just WON'T
Who are the Kippers? What do they refuse to do?
2 What do the letters stand for?
leave home.
3 VV-hat exactly does 'eroding retirement savings' mean? Kippers is an acronym for
4 What does 'fly the nest' mean? ' Kids In Parent ' Pockets Erod i ng
Retirement Savings' . Or, to put
Read about two Kipper children and answer the questions in your gro ups. it another way it refers to all
Group A Read about Vicki. Group B Read about Martin. those grown up children who tay
1 Wh o d oes she/ he live wi th ? How do th ey ge t on toget her? at home in to their 20s and 308,
2 W hy does she/ he still live at ho me? un will ing or una ble to f1 y the nest.
3 Has she/ he ever li ved away fro m home?
4 \"'hat ad vantages and d isadva ntages are mentio ned ? THE CHILDREN I
5 W hat do her/ his frien ds say? VICKI SARGENT,

Work with someone from the other group and compare the two children. 30, lives with her
Who do you think is the most spoilt? father, Norbert, 65.
Read about two parents of Kippers, Bill and Sandra. Compare th eir vi ews. IF I W ASN'T living
at home, 1 woul dn' t be
1 Who is happy with the arrangement? Why? Who is not? Why not?
ab le to affo rd to li ve
2 Who is at their 'wits' end'?
in such a beauti ful
3 What do they say about foreign travel?
house. r would only
4 What do they say about money?
be able to re nt a room
in a flat. Thi way I
ocabulary work
have my fa the r fo r
omplete the sentences with words to do with money from the text. company and money
ho does each sentence refer to? for a social life. It 's
just too com forta ble to m ove out.
j She isn 't able to r _ _ __ a flat.

He couldn't a
Her friends are always s
to pay 0'_ _ _ _ his dL--_ _ _
for c because they have to pay
My dad and 1 get n 0 well. We u ually
have dinne r tog ther and if T' m not out, I'll
spend the even ing with him watching TV. He
h rents.
poil me a lot and Ir at m at lea t once a
She c to the phone b,_ __
week to a meal at a nearby re taurant.
She doesn't c him r_ _ __ because he wouldn't pay it.
My friend don't get it. They ay I'm
He a debts of £4,000. living in a bubble away from the real \ orld,
He sponges 0 his mother in many ways. and 1 suppose they're righI, but they al 0
He can s all his s on enj oying himself. admit they're j alou - they are ah ay 0
He believes that m'-___ isn't e._ _ __ trapped for cash becau e of their high rents.
~hat do you think? J don ' t pay my father any rent but J buy the
food and contribute to the phone bill.
Check your list of reasons from exercise 1. Which were mentioned? pali from three months when I went
What's your opinion of Vicki and Martin? travelling in my early 20 , I have never
Do you sympathize more with Bill's views or Sandra's? Why? lived away from home.
Is it possible to 'grow up' while still living at home?
Do you know any Kippers?

THE PARENTS :
BILL KENNEDY tells why
his children, Anna, Simon,
and Andrew can stay as long
as they like!
NO ONE TOLD ME , but it seems
I was the father of Kippers for
years, without knowing it. My
three children all lived at hom
well into their late 20s. I know
there'll be some parents at
wits' ends with their 'lazy kids
sponging off them'. Actually,
we don't want an empty nest.
What puzzles me is why parents L...._ _--.;
should ever want their children
to leave home at 18. My wife, Judy, and I made it very easy
for them to stay with us. It allowed them to postpone growing
up. And it helped us postpone getting old. Honestly, I would
happily forfeit any number of retirement perks - golfing,
snorkelling holidays in Portugal, Paris, Peru or wherever
- for just a few more years with our children at home. And
why? Because money isn't everything. Family is.
SANDRA LANE, 49, sa)'s

it ' s domestic hell with her
son, Alan, 27.
THE FRIDGE IS the main issue,
he's always helping himself to
some titbit that I've been saving
for dinner and he puts empty
ifh his parents Kathy 52, and milk cartons back. The phone
is another cause for complaint
1 HAVE TO admit that I'm poi led at home, 0 it's hard to - he's always getting in touch
imagine moving out. My mum always ha my tea on the table with his mates but when I get
when I return from work. W all g t on really \ \I together angry he just says I should ........_ _
although my parent can g t on my nerves when they t II me get a mobile phone. And he borrows the car without asking
what to do. I'm ur I get on their nerves as weU sometimes. and so I suddenly find myself unable to go out. He's been
At 23, I moved oul for two years . .I Ii ed with a friend for a living at home since he graduated from university five years
hort time th n w m travelling in Australia. It was a brilliant ago. By the time he finished his studies he had accumulated
experience but I got into debt, about £2,000. and I had to £4,000 in debt. I can't charge him rent, there's no point. He
com back and live at home again so that J ould afford to couldn't and wouldn't pay it. But he's always got money for
pay it off. My parent don't charge me rent, so I an spend all clothes and nights out. I'm at my wits' end with it all. I had
of my alary on enjoying my elf. ometim s my friends call been planning to go on a dream cruise as soon as Alan left
me a 'mummy's boy' . but I think they like it. 11'5 a lovely, home. Now that's all it can be - a dream.
co y place becau e there i always an open fire and omething
cooking in the oven.
Unit 7 . Getting on together 67

VOCABULARY AND SPEAKING
Hot verb get Phrasal verbs with get
The verb get is vel)' common in English. 3 Get can combine with m any pa rticles to make phrasal verbs.
It has many different uses. H ere are some Co mplete each group of sentences with th e sa me particle from the
examples fro m the texts on pp66-67. box below. (Careful, only six of the particles are used.)
My dad and I get on so well. at away into off on out over round through up
1 My friends don't get it.
3 ... my parents can get on my nerves .. . 1 You always get of doing the wash ing up. It's not fa ir.
4 ... it helped us postpone getting old. How did our secret get ? Everyone knows now!
--
5 .. . when I get angry ... I got a great book of the library. You can borrow it after me.
6 He's always getting in touch with his mates.
7 He said I should get a mobile phone. 1 You're always getting me ! Leave me alone!
8 He's always got money for clothes. What are you getting -- ? Just say what you mean!
I can't get the sugar. It's at the back of the cupboard.
Replace the words in bold with one of the
expressions from the box. 3 It took me ages to get the operation.
He couldn't get his point -- to me at first. He had to explain it again.
annoy/irrit ate me buy I can't get how much your ch ildren have grown!
become contacting growing
have a good relationship 4 That boy is always getting t o something naughty!
has understand We got to page 56 in the last lesson.
- -
I had to get at 5 a.m. to catch the plane.
Talking about you 5 I couldn't get to Joe. I don't think hi s phone's working.
We got - - loads of money whilst we were in Paris.
2 Ask and answer these questions with a
Ifa iled, but Sue got the exam with flying colours.
partner.
How do you get on with your parents? 6 She can always get her father and get exactly what she wants.
2 W hat have you got to do when I'm sorry. I just haven't got - - to replying to your invitation yet.
you get home tonight? Ican't see how we can get this problem. It's a diffi cu lt one.
3 How do you ge t to school?
4 What time do you usually get
to schoo l?
5 When d id yo u last get angry?
Why?
6 Have you got a petla PC?
7 If you have a problem with your
computer, who do you get to help
you?
8 How often do you get your
hair cut?
9 In what ways is your English getting
bette r?
10 Vl hat are two things that always
get on your nerves? 'HolV is the cat getting all with your
new p et snake?'
Wo rk together to rewrite th e question s
witho ut using get. Is get generally m ore
fo rm al o r informal? 'It's th e oltly way I can get the
kids to take notice.'

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Exaggeration and understatement
Which na tionalities have a repu ta tio n fo r being

pass io nate, sponta neo us, and temperamental?
W hi ch nationalities are mo re co ntrolled and res
2 Whi ch of these rem arks abo ut a wealthy man are
exaggerated? Wh ich are un derst ated?
He'8 ab801utd~ rolling in it.

He's not short of a few penni
He hasn't done too badly for himself.
He' 8 ~ot a bob or two.
He's stinkin~ rich.
3 Matc h a li ne in A with a li ne in B. Use your dict"
t lo ok u p new wo rds.
A B
1 0 I'm absolutely dying for a cold drink! a Yes, it was a nice little break, but all good things
2 0 His family are pretty well off, aren't they? must come to an end.
3 0 You must have hit the roof when she told you b You're not kidding. He's as thick as two short planks.
she'd crashed your car. c Yes, my throat's a bit dry, I must say.
4 0 I think Tony was a bit rude last night. d Too right! He was totally out of order!
5 0 I can 't stand the sight of him! e I suppose it is a bit chilly.
6 0 He isn't very bright. is he? f Yeah, they do seem to get on quite well.
7 0 I'm fed up with this weather! It's freezing. g OK. I feel a bit out of breath, too .
8 0 Well, that was a fantastic holiday! h Well, yes, I was a bit upset.
9 0 I'm knackered. Can we stop for a rest? i You can say that again! They're absolutely loaded!
10 0 They're obviously as thick as thieves, t hose two. j I must admit, I'm not too keen on him either.
4 lID Listen and check your answers. Wh ich words are 5 Work with a partner. Take turns to read aloud these
examples of exaggeration? Which are understatements? understated remarks and give an exaggerated reply.
Practise the conversations with a partner.
I'm qUite tired. Do you thil1k we
could cOl1til1ue with this tomorrow?
Yeah, let's stop 110W. I'm absolutely exhausted.
With exaggerations, the absolutely and the adjective both
have strong stress.
• 1 Is that a new watch? I bet that cost a bit.

I'm absolutely exheusted.Aren't l OU? 2 It's a bit chilly in here, don't you think?
With understatements, the main stress is on the qualifier. 3 These shoes are rather nice, aren't they?
~
..
Well, I am a i tired.
4 Can we stop at the next service station? I could do
with something to eat.
S I guess you're a bit tired after all that tennis.
iDIiJ Listen and repeat. 6 I bet you were a bit upset when your team lost.
III[) Listen and compare.

•
Ing to extremes
Relative clauses • Participles • Adverb collocations • The world around
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR PILOT SUPERSTAR

Complete the sentences with one of the relative pronouns. Relative clauses and participles
I who which where what when whose I W hat do you know abo ut Joh n Travolta?
The man _ _ __ you met was my brother. Look at the photos and read the text
2 My other brother, lives in London, is a teacher. quickly. What do you lea rn about h is
3 He suddenly decided to give up teaching, came as a bit of a shock. lifestyle? What is his passion?
4 He says that he wants to do is move to Australia. 2 Read th e text aga in and com plete it with
5 His wife, parents live in Melbourne, is delighted. the clauses a-j.
6 They don't know exactly or they are go ing. a whi ch is bu ilt
7 Thei r flat, they bought only last year, is up for sale. b who lives
8 The fl at I want to buy is in Acacia Avenue. c who isn't fu ll of his own importance
d where t he super- rich can commute
2 In wh ich sente nces can t he relat ive pronoun be replaced by that? e including a Gulfstream executive jet
f whose $3.5 mill ion mansion
3 Underline the present and past participles in these sentences. g Walking out of his door
Rewrite them with relat ive pronouns. h wh ich means
1 The woman standing next to him is his wife. previ ously owned by Frank Sinatra
2 Most TVs sold in the UKare imported models. most of whom share
mJ Listen and ch eck your answers.
3 Answer the questi ons .
1 What kin d of people live in Jumbolair?
Relative clauses
2 Does John Travolta own three planes or more than
Relative clauses are like adjectives. They give more
three?
information about nouns.
3 Who owned the Boeing 707 before Travolta?
4 What is Travo lta's ho me like? We have a German neighbour who comes from Munich.
5 Why is it called 'the ultimate boys' fan tasy house'? 1 Read these sentences aloud paying attention to the
6 Why don 't the neighbours complain about the noise? punctuation. Underline the relative clauses.
7 Does T ravolta behave like a typical film star? I met a man who's a pilot.
My friend Adam, who lives in London, is a pilot.
The house which you walked past is my aunt's.
My aunt's house, which I don't like, is very modern.
W elcome to JUMBOLAIR, Florida - the

world 's only housing estate (1)_ __
2 In each pair of sentences which relative clause ...
'" tells us exactly who or what is being talked about?
(A defining relative clause)
to work by jet plane from their own front doors. . .. gives us an extra piece of information?
(A non-defining relative clause)
Ju mbolai r's Ill OS t famo us resident is Hollywood film star
Explain the use of commas. How do they affect
John Travolta . (2) is big enou gh to park a row
the pronunciation?
of aerop lanes , (3) . a two-seater jet fi ghter. and
a four-engined Boeing 707. (4)_ _ __ 3 In which sentence in 1 can the relative pronoun be
omitted? Why?
Travolta holds a commercial pilot's licence. (5)
_ _ _ he's qualified to fly passenger Present and past participles
jets. He can land his planes and taxi Underline the participles in these sentences. Which are
them up to his front ga tes . Hi sumptuous adjectives? Which are present and which past?
Florida home. (6) in the style Who is that boring man standing at the front?
of an ai rport terminal bu ildi ng, is the The curtains and carpets included in the sale were old
ultimate boys' fantasy house made rea l. As and. worn.
well as the parking lots fo r the jets. there is They own four houses, including a ruined castle in Scotland.
Having lost all his money, he was a broken man.
a heliport. swimming pool and gym. stables
for 75 horses , and of course a i .4-mile ~ Grammar Reference pp149-1S0
runway. Family ma n Travolta.
(7) with wife
Kelly and daughter Ella PRAC TICE
Bleu, fl ies dai ly from his
Pro nunci ati on and punctuatio n
home when filming.
(8) and into Work with a partner. Read the sentences aloud, then
the cockpit. write in the correct punctuation where necessary.
he is airborne in 1 The area of London I like best is Soho.
minutes. His 2 My father who's a doctor plays the drums.
ne ighbours . 3 The book that I'm reading at the moment is fascinating.
(9) his 4 Paul passed his driving test firs t time which
love of aviation. surprised everybody.
don 't seem to 5 People who smoke risk getting all sorts of illnesses.
mind the roar 6 I met a man whose main aim in life was to visit
of his j ets . They every capital city in the world.
say tha t it" s nice 7 The Channel Tunnel which opened in 1995 is a great
to meet a superstar way to get from England to France.
(10) ' . 'He 's S What I like best about work is the holidays.
just a regular guy, 9 A short bald man seen running away from th e scene
very friendly', says one of the crime is being sought by the police.
neighbour. IIJJ Listen and compare your pronunciation. Repeat
the sentences.
Unit 8 . Going to extremes 71
Discussing grammar
2 Read these sentences and decide which need 5 Complete each pair of sentences with the correct form of the same
more information to make sense. verb, once as a present participle ( -ing) and once as a past participle.
The apple tree in our garden _ _ __ I hurt my leg football.
needs to be cut down . Tennis is a sport by two or four people.
2 People live longer. 2 It says in Korea on my camera.
3 She married a man _ _ __ I have a job in a cafe sandwiches.
4 The Great Barrier Reef is the 3 I've spent the whole morning an essay.
largest coral reef in the world. On the wall was some graffiti in big letters.
S Did I show you the photographs 4 Goods in the sales cannot be refunded.
----? I've spent all my money ____ presents.
6 Let me introduce you to Petra James 5 The police caught the burglar into a house.
Careful! There's a lot of glass on the floor.
7 I'm looking for a book _ _ __
8 I was speaking to someone _ _ __
Making descriptions longer
3 Put these sentences in the correct sentences in
exercise 2, rewriting them as relative clauses. 6 Add all the words and phrases from the box to this short sentence
Leave out the pronoun if possible. to make one long sentence.
a She works in our Paris office. A woman was sitting in her garden.
b You know this person.
c We took them in Cyprus. lost in her thoughts lazily going from rose to rose
d She met him at university. beautiful country watching a bee gathering honey young
e It practises German grammar.
f They do regular exercise.
g My grandfather planted it sixty years ago.
h It is situated off the north-east coast of
Australia.
Depress -ed or depress -ing?

4 Which adjectives in B do you think go with
the topics in A?
A B
1 exam results challenging/challenged

2 a holiday d isappointing/ disappointed
3 a journey boring/bored
4 ajob relaxing/relaxed
5 a hard luck story exhausting/ exhausted D!I Listen and check.
6 a TV documentary amusing/amused
7 a social situation embarrassing/ embarrassed 7 Work with a partner. Choose two sentences and make them longer.
Read them aloud to the class. Who has the longest sentence?
lID Listen to conversations about the A man walked along th e road.
topics. For each, say how the woman feels 2 Peter has a house in the countryside.
and why. Use the adjectives in B. 3 The holiday was a disaster.
4 A boy found a wallet in the street.
'It's raining again!'
'O h, no! Another m ise rable day when vve're mJ Listen and compare your ideas.
stuck indoo rs.'
8 Find a picture in a magazine, or use the one your teacher gives
you. Describe it to a partner, without showing it. Can your
partner draw it?
ghe's depressed.
72 Unit 8 . Going to extremes

\"Ihat's the coldest, hottest, or wettest Language work
you've ever been? Where were you?
What were you doing? Work in groups, 6 Complete the sentences with the adverbs used by Simon and Anna.
and then tell the class. completely dramatically exactly extremely
2 You are going to listen to Simon and profusely properly really seriously stupidly
Anna recalling their extreme experiences
It was ____ hot and _ ___ we decided to go for a huge meal.
of heat and cold. Look at the words and
discuss what you think happened. 2 We were sweating _ _ __
3 The temperature rises - - -
Simon Anna 4 My brain wasn't working - - - -
a restaurant a tram 5 It was anonymous, this landscape.
the pyramids scarves 6 They all looked the same.
sunrise frozen nostrils 7 I was beginning to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ panic.
a taxi an anonymous landscape
a motorbike huge blocks of flats
heat exhaustion an old lady SPOKEN ENGLISH Adding a comment
rehydration salts bonfires
In conversation we can add a comment with which as an afterthought. This
often expresses our reaction to what we have said.
3 DD Listen to Simon and answer the
He gave me a lift home, which was nice.
q uestions.
Add a suitable comment from B to Simon's and Anna's comments in A.
Where was he?
Sometimes more than one is correct.
2 What was the temperature?
3 What did he do that was stupid or silly? A B
4 What kind(s) of transport did he use?
1 We went for a huge meal in which is hard to believe.
5 Where was he going to? Why?
What did he see when he arrived? temperatures of over 40·C, which was just amaZing.
6
2 My friends were worried I'd get lost, which was rather a stupid thing to do.
7 Who did he meet? Vlas this person
3 We visited the pyramids at sunrise, which was no joke.
helpful?
4 My nostrils actually froze , which was no laughing matter.
8 How did the temperature affect him?
S This motorbike broke down in the desert, which was understandable.
9 What happened in the end?
6 The old lady didn 't understand a which is hardly surprising because
4 Guess the answers to the same questions word I said, my Russian's lousy.
about Anna's story. Use the words in
exercise 2 to help. II!J Listen and check. Practise saying the comments with a partner.
2 Write sentences ending with a comment from B. Tell the class.
5 lID Listen and answer the questions in
exercise 3 about Anna. Compare your ideas. I missed the last bus home, which was no laughing matter.

Chukotka, the coldest place on earth THE COLDEST I :
Look at the photos. What do you think links Roman Welcome to CHUKOTKA, where it's currently
Abramovich with the two places? -30°C and so windy t hat in the capital,
2 Read these facts about Chukotka, the coldest place on Anadyr, ropes are tied along the streets to
earth . Which facts do you find surprising? Which not
surprising? Why? Discuss with a partner. stop its inhabitants from blowing away.
The people don't use fridges or freezers.
There's no crime.
It is a remote territory of Russia.
I t's so cold here that people don't use freeze rs. Tbey
hang th eir mea t in plastic bags on nail s above their
windows. Spring and summer, when they arrive in
Its capital, Anadyr, is a boom town. Ju ne, last a mere eight weeks. The Beri ng sea, one of fou r
It's too cold to play football. seas t ha t was h against Ch ukotka n shores, freezes hard
One of the world's richest men lives there. enough to sup port" we ights of up to 35 tO llS. There's no
The only flowers are the plastic ones. crime because it's just too cold !
3 Read the article quickly. Answer these questions and Where yesterday collides with today
share information with the class. Chukotka is, in fac t, a remote
CI:lU.KOT~.r
There are five headings. What does each refer to? territory of Ru ssia. It covers :t'C.
284,000 square miles of fro zen e Moscow enady~...) ;
2 For each fact in The people dOI1't use fridge s landsca pe, bordering the Be ring :.::i
exercise 2 find some or freezers. Th ey hal1g their Strait and straddLing the Arctic
related information. meat outside ill plastic bags. Circle. Nine lime zones ahead
of Moscow, it lies right behind (
4 Read the article again and answer the questions. the Internationa l Dateline, where
yesterday coLlides wit h today. There is nowhere else on eart h
1 Where exactly is Chukotka?
ea rli er than here. Conditions are crueL and there may seem
2 What is the climate like? In what ways does it have little to be passiona te about other than reindeer and the weird
'weird weather'? weather, bu t Chukotka has ca ptured the interest of one of I he
3 How do es the climate affect the daily lives of the world's richest men, the oil bi llionaire loman Abramovich.
people? Give examples.
4 What is the connection between Chukotka and From hospitals and cinemas to
Chelsea Football Club? supermarkets
5 How has the lifestyle of the inhabitants changed since =-----.... Rom an Abramovich, whose
Roman Abramovich became governor? fortu ne is in excess of $ 14
6 What do the people find difficult to understand? billio n, IS t he wor ld's
7 What does Abramovich own which shows his 22nd -richest pe rso n, an d fou r
extreme wealth? years ago be was voted governo r
8 Why does he say he is interested in Chukotka? What of Chukot ka. Since then, he
do some people suspect? has been pouring money into
this froze n provin ce. Desp ite
What do you think? not having been bo t'll or raised
in Cbukotb, he has spent an
Discuss in groups. es timated $300 million of hi
personal fo rtune on the region.
• Why do you think people live in a place like Chukotka? 1n Anad r alone he has rebuil i
What would you nnd most difficult there? the hospital, denta l clin ic, and
• What do you think the lives of the people were like before primary schoo l, modernized the
Abramovich became Governor? airpo rt. opened its first superma rket and cinema, and se nt
8,500 loca l chiJdren on holiday. He even ow ns the local
• Imagine a year in t he life of Roman Abramovich. What do you
think is a typical yea r for him ? radio sta tio n, tbe aptly named Blizzard PM. Abramovich no t
only owns a radio sta tio n. he also ow ns a foot bel l! club, bU I
• Most peop le take holidays in warm count ri es. Are there any not in Cllu kotka . wbere it's too cold to play foot ball. The
co ld places in the world you have visited or would like to visit? clu b he owns is over 5,000 miles away in Londo n, Engla nd,
Where and why? where, in 2003, he bought Cbel ea Footba ll Club.
74 Unit 8 • Going to extremes

(& EARLIEST!) PLACE ON EARTH
- 4 2 °C and falling
The inhabitants of Chelsea, England, cou ld not imagine the
life of the in habitants of Chu kotka. Loca ls like to boast tbat
las t winter the wind chill took the recorded tempera ture of
-42°C down CO - 100°C. Schools were closed for a month. It's
generally too cold fo r outdoor sports or any kind of cafe society,
but th re are so me res taurants in the supermarket. Snow covers of owning homes in St Tropez, Knigh ts bridge (Lo ndon),
the groun d frolll September to May, which means there are no Moscow, and Anad yr. Fa r fro m being resentful that he visits
ardens or wood land: the on ly flowers are the plastic ones which only monthly, the loca l people are astonished that he comes
adorn resta urant tabl es. But for all this, Abra movich has made at all. Such is his popularity that the loca ls refe r to BA and
Anad r inLo a boom town . People find it difficult (Q understa nd AA: Before Abramovich and After Abra movich.
\ hal h has done and \ hy he has done it.
'Why doesn't anyone believe I find this place
From reindeer meat to French camembert interesting?'
Roma n Bada no , news editor of Chukotka TV says: 'Anything
Abra tll ovicb him -elf asks: 'Why doesn't anyone believe 1 fi d
Abra movich doe is new here because so li lde happens. Wh
did h hoo e u ? 0 one knows - it·, a seer t he kee ps to thi s place in terestin g? I think I ca n change things here - after
hi m If.' Bur he did choose t hem and they are grateful. In alL I have achieved uccess in business.' But some suspec t' that
the upermarkeL ou ca n buy eve ryr hing frolll car ed wa lrus he's hop ing for vast returns on Chukot ka 's natural resources,
cu ks Lo Fre nch camembert and Gree k oli ve oil. A few yea rs which include l. 2 billion Lons or oil and gas and th e second
a 0 Lhere wa only frozen reindeer mea t, orre n eaten fo r la rgest gold rese rves in Russia. But hi s motives don't trouble
breakfast., lun ch, and dinn er. And Abramo ich takes hi mo t of the 73,000 population. Jusr one person, atha lia,
dut ies a a gover nor eriously - he fl i s in most monrhs on who runs the loca l In te rn et service, sounded a note of ca ution :
board hi priva re Boei ng 767. He has built a Ca nadian -style 'The peo ple are foo ls because one del .t\bramovich will go. Thls
wooden hou e, thereb arning him elf the un ique di tinct ion is our moment. but it is on l l a moment.'

Adverb collocations
Extreme adjectives
Quite
Work with a partner.
4 [IJllJ The adverb quite has different meanings. Listen and repeat
Look at the adjectives in the box.
these sentences. Which in each pair is more positive?
Find some with similar meanings.
1 a She's quite clever. 2 a He's quite nice.
good bad marvellous huge nice b She's quite clever. b He's quite nice.
wet clever enormous fabulous
excited surprised valuable small 5 Read these sentences aloud according to the mean ing.
silly funny interesting thrilled
1 The film was quite interesting; you should go and see it.
delighted priceless amazed tiny
2 The film was quite interesting, but I wouldn't really recommend it.
hilarious wonderful fantastic
3 I'm quite tired after that last game. Shall we caU it a day?
ridiculous awful brilliant pleased
4 I'm quite tired, but I'm up for another game if you are.
fascinating gorgeous big soaking
excellent beautiful mIl Listen, check, and repeat.
Which adjectives go with which of

these adverbs? Why? A night at the Oscars
very absolutely 6 Read the speech. Who is speaking? Why? Rewrite the speech and make
it sound more extreme by changiJ1g and adding adjectives and adverbs.
2 Complete the conversations with suitable
adverbs and adjectives. Practise them with
your partner. II ! a.111. ver~ s(!.rprLsed a.t1.d p~ea.sed to receive tkis a.wa.rd. ! a. 111. 3ra.tet(!.~
to a~~ tkose t1.LCe peop~e wko voted tor me. 'Red Hot Lt1. tke St1.0W' was a,
A Did you get very wet in that shower?
B Shower! It was a downpour. We're ... !
300d mOvLe to a,ct Lt1., Mt Ot1.t~ because of att tke clever peopte Lt1.votved
LI\ tke malihj of it, b(,(,t a,bo beca,('('se of tke bea,(,(,tLt(,(,~, elGcitihj a,l\d
2 A I bet you were quite excited when oftel\ ~(!'Lte dat1.3ero(!'s Loca,tiOt1.s Lt1. Ata,ska,. NOM of (!,s cO(!,td have
your team won.
B Excited! We were . .. !
predicted tka,t it wo(!,~d be s(!'ck a, b~ s(!'ccess. M~ specia,L tka,t1.ks 30
to Ma.ri(!.s AkerM, m~ director; l(!.~(!, love~a,ce, m.Y co-sta,r; R03er Sims,
3 A I thought she looked rather silly in that tor writil::\ a, script tha,t wa,s botk Lt1.terestL,::\ a,t1.d tu.t1.t1.~, a,t1.d ~a,st bu.t
flowery hat, didn't you?
B Silly! She looked ... ! Mt ~ea,st to m~ wife, g~~t1.(sJ tor ker va,~u.a,b~e su.pport. ! ~ove ~ou. a~L II
4 A Come on, nobody'll notice that ti ny
spot on your nose.
B They will, I just know they wi ll! It's ... !
5 A I thought the latest Tom Cruise film

was absolutely hilarious.
B Mmm. I wouldn't say that. It was . ..
but not hilarious.
6 A Len left early. He wasn't feeling well.

B I'm not surprised. When I saw him t his
morning he looked . .. !
3 lID Listen and check. Practise again.

Make similar conversations with your
partner. You could talk about films,
people you know, the weather ...
7 IDD Listen and compare your choices.
76 Unit 8 . Going to extremes

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
The world around
Look at the signs. Where could you ... ?

• .. . borrow money to buy a flat?
• ... buy a hammer, a screwdriver, and some glue?
• ... go to get fit?
• ... get rid of your newspapers and bottles?
• '" get an inexpensive bed for the night?
• .,. get help with legal problems?
• ... have your nails manicured?
• ... replace some of the parts on your car?
THE CHESTNUT
®
VETERINARY
GROUP
01992 55 4466
C.P. HARRIS
;QUlNE PRACTICE
01992
2 fill) Listen to five conversations. Where are they taking place?

3 In pairs, write similar conversations that take place in two or three of the other places.
Read them out to the rest of the class. Where are they taking place?
WRITING Describing places - My favourite part of town p119
Unit 8 • Going to extremes 77

T ings ain't what
they used to he!
Expressing habit • used to do/doing • Homonyms/Homophones • Making your point
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

Mat ch a line in A w ith a line in B. A 8
Underline t he words that express habit.
1 A reliable f ri end my Dad would read me a story at bedtime.
Wh ich are past and w hich are present?
2 In t he 1960s, hippies are always t alking about themselves.
2 Choose t he correct ending for these 3 I think my sist er's depressed. will never let you down.
sent ences. 4 When I was a kid She'll spend hours staring int o space.
He used t o work hard I because he's a builder. S My first teacher was Miss Mills.
6 Big-headed people
used to wear flowers in t heir hair.
She used to read us stories at the end of every
He's used t o hard work but now he's retired.
day and we'd go home happy.
FRIENDS REUNITED o
From: Alison Makepeace <AIiMakepeace72@glosmail.uk.com>
Expressing habit - used to do/doing
Date: Mon 17 September, 18.36
To: sallydavies@talksmail.co.uk
One of the most popular websites in Britain Subject: Allendales School
is Friendsreul1 ited. co. uk. What so rt of website
Dear Sally
do you thin k it is? Is there a similar website
in your country? I'm sending this through Friends Reunited . Do you remember me?
We 1 to Allendales School together. You were the first person
2 Read the email from Alison to an old I2 to know when I started there.
school-friend. Complete it with the lines a-I.
We 3_ __ _ next to each other in class, but then the teachers made
a used to sit g went us sit apart because we 4 so much.
b 'd get h was
I remember we 5 back to your house after school every day and
c got used to call
listen to music for hours on end . We 6 all the Beatles records
d 's always t alking j used to calling
as soon as they came out. Once we ate all the food in your fridge and
e used to go k were always giggling
your mother 7 furious.
f 'dgo 'II always end up
Do you remember that time we nearly blew up the science lab? The
1m Listen and check. teacher 8 crazy, but it wasn't our fault. We 9 him
3 Which actions in the email happened again 'Snowy' because he had white hair.
and again? Which only happened once? I still see Penny, and she's still as mad as ever. We meet up every now
and again , and we 10 chatting about old times together. She 11
_ _ _ _ about a school reunion. So if you're interested, drop me a line.
Looking forward to hearing from you.

Your old schoolmate
Alison Makepeace
PS I'm not 12._ _ _ _ you Sally Davies! To me, you're still Sally Wilkinson!
78 Unit 9 • Things ain't what they used to be!

4 Look at these two sentences.
We used to go to school together ... Look at the sentences that express present habit.
We'd go back to your house ... a My brother works in a bank.
W hich sentence is more factual? b He's a/ways borrowing my things without asking me.
c He'll go out on a Friday night and won't be back till late.
W hich is more nostalgic?
Which sentence expresses .. .
5 Match a line in A with a line in B. Prac tise
• my attitude to this habit of his? (I find it annoying.)
saying them . Pay attention to contracted
• a simple fact about him?
forms and weak forms.
• characteristic behaviour? (This is typ ical of him.)
A B 2 Put sentences a-( into the past. Express sentence a in two ways.
, 3 Look at these sentences.
we used to go him 'Snowy
we used to sit to school together a I've lived next to the airport for years, so I'm used to the noise.
we were always giggling you Sally Davies b I used to live in Rome, but now I live in Paris.
c I'm getting used to travefling on the Metro.
we'd go back so much
In which sentence is used a verb? In which is used an adjective?
we used to call to your house
I'm not used to calling next to each other Which sentence expresses . ..
• a past habit now finished?
lID Listen and check. • a situation which is familiar, and no longer strange?
• a situation which is still strange, but becoming easier?
~ Grammar Reference pplS0-1Sl
PRACTICE
What 's she like?
Choose an adjective from the box to describe the people in the
sentences.
easy-going clumsy mean absent-minded

argumentative sensitive sensible stubborn
He's always losing things, or forgetting where he's put things.

2 She'll always C1y at the end of a sad film.
3 Nothing ever upsets her, or annoys her, or worries her.
4 I'm always dropping things, or bumping into things.
5 She's ruled by her head, not her heart. She'll always think
things through before she acts.
6 He just won't listen to anyone else's suggestions.
7 I remember that bloke Dave. He'd never buy you a coffee.
S And he'd pick a fight with anyone about anything.
2 Add similar sentences to support these statements.
1 My flatmate is the untidiest person in the whole world.
2 My younger sister is really jealous of me.
3 Marc is just the coolest guy I know.
4 My mother really gets on my nerves .
5 But my grandma was so sweet.
6 My horse Bruno was my best friend.
7 Your problem is you're self-obsessed.
8 My sister's so nosy.
Unit 9 . Things ain't what they used to be! 79

Discussing grammar
3 In pairs, decide which line in B best continues the line in A.
A B
1 My friend Joe buys and sells cars. He's a real techno-geek.
2 He's always buying new things for himself - a DVD, a palm top. Don't you think that's wasteful of him"!
3 He'll buy a shirt and only wear it once. He earns loads of money.
4 When I was young, we used to have holidays by the seaside. What an adventure that was!
5 My dad and I would build sandcastles and go swimming together. We'd go to the same place year after year.
6 One year we went to East Africa. I remember those days with such fondness!
7 John usually does the cooking because he's been doing it for years.
8 He used to do the cooking but he still burns things. Maybe one day he'll get it.
9 He's used to doing the cooking but then he stopped.
10 He's getting used to doing the cooking but he isn't tonight. I am.
Parents
4 IDI Listen to fo ur people talkin g about t heir relationship
wi th th eir pa re nts. Is/Was it a good relatio n'hip?
5 1m Listen again. T hese lin es are similar to what they say,
W hat are th ei r actual word s?
... she talked to me very openly .. .
·.. we used to go out shopping .. .
2 My wife always asks me questions.
· .. we didn't talk very much ...
... every week he took me to the hairdresser.
3 ... she always tells me to pick things up ...
She goes on for hours ...
4 We did a lot together as a family.
· .. he brought us each a treat ...
6 Write a few sentences about the relationship between
you and your parents. Tell your partner about it.
Answering questions
7 Answer th e questions with a fo rm of llsed to do,
be /get used to doing/sb/sth.
1 A You don 't like your new teacher, do you?
B Not a lot, but we ' re gettil1g used to her .
2 A How can you get up at five o'clock in the morning?
B No problem. 1_ _ _ _ __ _ __
3 A How come you know Madrid so wel1?
BI live there.
4 A How are you finding your new job?
BDifficult, but I _ _ _ _ __ _ _ it bit by bit.
5 A Do you read comics?
B f _ __ _ _ __ _ _ when f was young, but not any more.
6 A You two argue so much. How can you live together?
BAfter twenty years' marriage we _ __ __ _ _ __
80 Unit 9 . Things ain't what they used to be!

A teacher I'll never forget
Look at the pictures. What are the teachers U.VJ..L!-;;'~

\"Ihat are th e stu de nts doing? How have teaching
styles changed over the yea rs?
'That's an interesting question Timmy, I suggest you

ask YOllr search engine.'
2 1m Listen to four people talking SPOKEN ENGLISH Adjective intensifiers

about a teacher they'll never forget.
What characteristics of a good and a bad Look at these lines from the tapescript.
the kids were scared stiff of him. I
teacher do they mention?
3 Discuss the questions.
I All
.. . she made it seem dead easy.
1 Why did Alan like his teacher? What These are compounds that intensify the meaning of the adject ive.
are some of the things he'd do?
Complete t he sentences with a word from the box.
2 Why didn't John like his teacher? What
are some of the things he used to do?
3 What does Lizzie say about her
I brand st iff freezing tiny wide great boiling fast I
teacher? What will she never forget? 1 They live in this big house in the centre of London.
4 Why does Kate have two opposing 2 I made one little mistake in my drivi ng test , but I sti ll failed. Ii
views of Mr Brown? 3 Careful wit h t he soup - it's hot. Don't scald yourself.
5 What comments do Alan, John and 4 It's _ _ _ . cold in here. Can't we put on t he heating?
Kate make about their teacher's name? 5 Do you like my car? It's new.
6 Don't worry. You won't wake the children. They're ____ asleep.
What do you think?
7 I have a cold shower every morning. After that I feel _ ___ awake. Ii
Who is a teacher you'll never forget? Why? 8 'I'm fed up with this lesson.' 'Me, too. I'm bored ____ Ii
What was/is she/he like?

People and their money
Who's rich and who's poor these days?
Look at the pictures of the people. They are: an
aristocrat, a young mother, and a tax inspector.
Which of them do you think is the wealthiest? How
do you think their lifestyles differ? What role do you
THE ARISTOCRAT
think money plays in their lives? LADY MIRANDA BURDON - CARR , 61, has lived in
Greystoke House, Northumberland since her marriage
2 Which of the three people do you think said these to Lord Gideon Burdon-Carr, 40 years ago. They have
li nes? There are two for each person. Check new two grown-up sons. Greystoke House has been the
words in your dictionary. Burdon-Carr family home since 1634.
a 'Money's been tight since my husband lost his job 'Money is always a problem to us. The house is open
fo ur years ago.' to the public and is used as a conference centre but
b 'In my job it's possible to become a bit of a social any money we make goes into maintaining the house
leper.' and gardens. I have no money to spend on myself. I
c 'I get most of my clothes from charity shops.' get most of my clothes from charity shops. I spend
d 'She'll spend £70.00 at the hairdressers and I won't about £1,000 a year on them. About twenty years ago,
penny-pinch on the kind of shoes I buy.' when the boys were small, we sold some of the land to
e 'Sometimes I go wild and buy something just to cheer developers and that helped for a while. We hope the
myself up, but I always regret it.' boys will keep the house, but running it is a full-time
f 'We'll even put down buckets to catch the leaks.' job with not much reward. They have good jobs in the
city and are used to living well.
3 Read all three texts quickly and find out who said I'm always worrying about money. My husband and
what. Were there any surprises? I have huge arguments about it. He likes going to
restaurants and entertaining friends. Sometimes at
4 Choose two of the texts and read them more weekends, he'll invite up to 20 people. I don't think they
carefully. Answer the questions. realise how hard up we are.
a Does he/she have a job? How much does he/she We save money by doing a lot of our own repairs to
earn? the house. We'll put up wallpaper or paint the kitchen.
b What does he/she say about clothes and food? We'll even put down buckets to catch the leaks. I make
c What else does he/she spend money on? and mend curtains and I do a lot of gardening. It took
d Does he/she give any money to charities or good me years to get used to being so careful with money. My
causes? own family were quite well off, as a child I never wanted
e In what ways does he/she try to save money? for anything. I'd get everything I asked for. I used to
f Does he/she have any extravagances? have my own pony. I don't let myself think about it. I
g What do you learn about his/her friends and/or just get on with life.'
family?
5 Find a partner who chose different texts from you.

Go through the questions together and compare the
information.
What do you think?

• Who do you think has the best lifestyle? Who has the
worst? Why?
• Who do you think is the happiest? Why?
• How does money (or the lack of it!) affect your life?
82 Unit 9 . Things ain't what they used to be!

THEIR MONEY ~~
Gina Brookes tracks down three people from very different walks of life.
THE MUM THETAXMAN

ANGIE CROSS , 27, has four children, aged from 5 to 10. BOB WILDEN , 24, is a tax inspector. He earns
She lives in Frinton-on-Sea in Essex, England. She gets £33,558 per annum. His wife, Denise, earns £12,000
£650 a month state benefit and also works as a part as a part-time secretary. They live in Maidenhead,
time waitress for £30 a week. Berkshire, England. T hey have no children.
'Mo ney's been tight since my hu sband lost his job 'I'm mean in some ways, generous in others. I'll be
fo ur years ago. The kids always co me first, but special first in the canteen to buy a ro und of coffees, but I'd
occasions fo r them are rare. They' re lucky if we go to baulk at buying biscuits as well. I'll go hungry rather
McDo nal d's once a month. Al l their school uniforms than stop for a snack at a motorway service station. We
are second-hand . When I was a kid I used to get lots of always buy food in bulk, so it's ch eaper. We frequently
treats. I'd go riding and I used to have piano lessons. I cook in bulk, too and put it in the freezer. Denise and
feel dreadful not being able to give my kids the things I never row about money. W e both indulge ourselves
I had. Every month I work out exactly what has to be now and then. She'll spend £70.00 at the hairdressers
paid and what can't wait. I have to be very careful with and I won't penny-pinch on the kind of shoes I buy. I
money, an d that doesn't com e easily because by nature never spend much on clothes, though, probably about
I'm very e>.1:ravagant. My biggest extravagance now is a £150 at the most. I don' t need to look smart to be a
packet of ten cigarettes. taxman.
My monthly food bill comes to about £450, and Denise generally gives £30 a month to animal
towards the end of the month we have beans on toast charities, but she won't donate to beggars wearing
th ree nights out of seven. I usually make the kids a £100 trainers. I'll give the real down-and-outs a quid
packed lunch for sch ool, but occasionally I do n't have sometimes. My widowed mum is a pensioner and
enough food to m ake one, so I tell the kids to have a lives alone, so I always make sure that she has enough
school dinner and say they've forgotten their dinner to eat.
money. It's not really telling lies because I'll always pay I have four credit ca rds, but one is never used . A bill
as soon as I can. for £800 arrived this morning for one of them. It
[ get vety depressed and I frequently sit down and cry. frightened us to death. Occasionally we have to get
Somet imes I go wild and buy something just to cheer loans to clear our credit card debts. In my job it's
myself up, but I always regret it. I once spent £40 on possible to become a bit of a social leper. Some friends
so me clothes but I felt really gu ilty. What I want more are always boasting to me about how they dodge paying
than anyth ing else is a holiday and new shoes for the tax. I don't li ke that. I don't like paying tax either, but
kids. Who knows? I might be rich one day!' 1'd never dodge it. '

Homonyms and homophones
Work on your own. What do these words Homophones

mean?
6 Homophones are words with the same pronunciation, but different
I nne match park book cross mean spellings and different meanings.
/r;mdl the road to the town centre
2 lID Write down the words you hear. She rode a horse.
3 INo rk with a partner. Compare your I rowed across the river.
answers to exercises 1 and 2. Do you have Write the word in phonetics in the correct spelling.
any differences? What are they?
1 Ih;;)u1/ the ____ world
Homonyms a _ __ _ in the ground
4 Homonyms are words with the same 2 I pi :sl a of cake

spelling and more than one meaning. warand _ _ __
3 If1aUdl a rose is a _ _ __
a bank in the High Street
____ to make bread
the bank of a river
I've supported you up till now, but don't bank 4 IseIl zl a yacht has _ __ _
on it forever. buy clothes in the _ _ __
Co mplete the pairs of sentences with the 5 Isel/ salespeople ____ things
same word used twice. a prisoner lives in a _ _ __
You'll like Paul. He's a really _ _ __ 7 Think of a homophone for these words.
guy. Easy-going, and very friendly.
There was a lovely ____ breeze bored caught war hire pair plain waist seas sure aloud
coming off the sea.
8 lID A lot of children's jokes are made with homonyms and
2 'What's today's ____ ?' The t hird.' homophones. Here are two! Which word makes the joke?
'I'll meet you at the cinema at 8.' 'OK,
that's a _ __ _
A How do you keep coo~
3 Grey's Anatomy is in Seattle.
My wife bought me a chess for at a foot ball match?
my birthday.
B I don't know.
4 He goes to the gym every day. He's very
A Sit next to a fan .
The trousers are too small. They don't

____ you.
5 I can't people who never stop

talking about themselves.
wear sunglasses?
My four-year-old son won't go anywhere
without his teddy _ _ __
B I don't know.
5 Think of two meanings for these words.
wave suit fan miss type were so bright.
point train right mind fair
IIIJ Listen to some more jokes. Which word makes the joke?
Practise telling them to each other.
84 Unit 9 • Things ain't what they used to be!

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Making your point
1 lID Listen to Victor, AI, and Bob talking about whether people should pay
more tax on fast food. Who is for it, who is against it, and who is undecided?
2 Match a li ne in A with a line in B as th ey 3 Write the adverbs that end,in -1y in tapescript 9.9.
appea r in th e tapescript on p l3S.
firstly secondly personally
A B
4 Match a line in A with a line in B.
If you is t hat ...
Anot her t hing the point. A B
That's not I underS1-and it .. . 1 Fir t of all, there are problems with the cost.
The point you the truth ... 2 As well as this, I'd like to give my conclusion.
To tell my opinion ... 3 Finally, I'd like to look at the general problem.
I suppose worries me is that ...
As far as I'm trying to make is that ... 4 In my opinion, how do you educate people to have a better diet?
Anyway, as I point is that ... 5 Generally speaking, fast food should be totally banned.
If you want the problem is that ... 6 The problem is, as a nation we don't do enough exercise.
As was saying .. .
But the main I'm concerned ... 7 As far as I know, I don't know the answer to this problem.
What really ask me .. . 8 To be exact, there are five others like this.
9 To be honest, this problem is quite common.
iIIIlJ Check your answers. Listen
carefully and practise the lines. 5 Have a class debate. Choose a topic you feel strongly about,
something local to your situation perhaps, or one from this list.
• Being vegetarian • Smoking in public places
Notice the stress patterns in the expressions • Diets • Experiments on animals
for making your point. It's important that Divide into groups to prepare your ideas. When you're ready, conduct
you get the stress pattern right if you want the debate.
to make your point forcefully.
WRITING Writing for talking - What I want to talk about is ... p120
Unit 9 • Things ain't what they used to be! 85

Modal auxiliary verbs 2 • Synonyms • Metaphors and idioms - the body
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR bTZI THE ICEMAN

All modal verbs can be used to express degrees Modal auxiliary verbs in the past GERMANY
... ~
of probability. Which of these sentences do this?
Put a (.I). Which don't? Put a (X). The body o f a 5,300-year-oJd man was ~
SWITZERLAND ~USTRIA
~
found
here-
She must be very rich. discovered in the Ital ia n Alps in 1991. . 8 Mila'n ""
o Tunn (5"
2 Imust do my homework. It had been preserved in ice. He was
3
4
Ican't sleep because of the noise.
They can't be in. There are no lights on.
named Otzi after the O tz Va ll ey where he
was found. Look at the pictures.
f~
ITALV "
(
5 Ithink that's Jane but I might be wrong.
6 You should see a doctor. What do you think ...
7 Icould swim when Iwas five. ... he was?
S Cheer up! Things could be worse. . .. he wore?
9 The train may be late due to bad weather. ... he ate? He could have been a warrior.
10 May Imake a Where did he live?
2 How did he die?
How old was he when he died?
2 iIIl!J Listen to two peopl e, Alan and Bill, d iscussing the
questions in exercise 1. Give one of their answers to each question.
86
3 Answer these questions about Otzi using 5 Here are some more things found on or near Otzi's body. How can you
the words in italics. explain them?
What was he?
a hunter/shepherd co uld
2 What was he doing in the mountains?
looking after his sheep/got lost might
3 Where did he live? What did he wear?
a cave animal furs must
4 How did he die?
asleep/cold and starvation may
5 Was it a good idea to go so high?
so high on his own shouldll't
protective clothing should
6 What did he eat?
a lot of meat and berries must
crops like cereals to make bread Inight can't
meat 'd have thought
7 Did they travel much?
(not) much at all wouldn't have thought
stayed in the same area must ( I bet he used it to ...) That must have!might have!could have beel1 for . ..
8 How old was he when he died?
( He'll have used that to .n) ( I suppose!guess!reckol1 ... )
between forty and forty-five could
quite old in those days must ( I'd have thought ... ) Iwouldl1't have thought ...
4 imJ Listen and check. Practise the

6 Read the results of recent tests done on Otzi on p 157.
sentences, paying attention to contracted
forms and weak forms. Were Alan and Bill right or wrong in their assumptions?
Were you right in your assumptions?
Write certain or possible next to these modal auxiliary verbs according

to the degree of probability they express.
They'll have
They must have
They might have
They could have arrived.
They may have
They can't have
They won't have
2 What concept do these modal verbs express? Choose a definition
on the right.
You shouldn't have told a lie. You did this but it wasn't
You needn't have cooked. No one's necessary.
hungry. This was possible but you
You idiot! You could have killed didn't do it.
yourself! You did this but it was wrong.
~ Grammar Reference p151
Unit 10 • Risking life and limb 87

PRACTICE
Discussing grammar Maki ng ass ump ti ons
Underline the correct answer. 3 0IlIJ You will hear one half of a telephone conversation.
Who are the people? What are they talking about?
1 Sorry I'm late. I should have gone/had to go to the
Make assumptions.
post office.
2 I looked for Pearl but I couldn't find!couldn't have They must have met 011 holiday.
They might be old frie l1ds.
found her.
3 I don't know where Paul is. He had to go/must have
gone home early.
4 I had to work/must have worked hard when I was
at school.
5 You needn't have said/shouldn't have said anything
to Pam about her birthday picnic. It was going to be
a surpnse.
6 You needn't have bought!couldl1 't have bought a new
vacuum cleaner. I managed to fix the old one.
7 You should have asked/must have asked me earlier.
I might have given/would have given you a lift.
S You can't have done/needn't have done your
homework already! You only started five minutes
ago.
9 You could have told/must have told me the lesson
had been cancelled! r shouldn't have got/wouldn't
have got up so early.
10 You were lucky to get out of the car unharmed. You
would have been/could have been badly hurt.
2 Complete the sentences with a modal verb in the past.

I did tell you about the exam. You _ _ _ __
listening.
2 Thanks so much for all your help. 1 _ _ _ __
managed without you.
3 Flowers, for me! Oh, that's so kind, but really you
4 Come on! We're only five minutes late. The film

_ _ _ _ _ started yet.
5 I don't believe that Kathy's quitting school. She
_ _ _ _ _ told me, I know she would.
6 We raced to get to the airport on time, but we
_ _ _ _ _ worried. The flight was delayed.
7 Vve've got a letter here that isn't for us. The postman
_ _ _ _ _ delivered it by mistake.
8 You _ _ _ _ _ gone swimming in such rough sea.
You drowned! 4 Work with a partner. Look at the tapescript on
p 136. Write what you think is the other half of the
iiIiIJ Listen and check. Practise the sentences conversation. Compare with other students.
with a partner.
88 Unit 10 . Risking life and limb

SPOKEN ENGLISH Expressions with modals SPEAKING
There are many fixed expressions with moda l auxiliary verbs often found The murder game
in spoken English. Match a line in A with a line in B. ,"
A B
1 'That exam was totally impossible!'

,
2 'You might as well apply for the a 'Sorry! Ithought you knew.
,
job, even though you're too young. b 'You can say that again! '
3 I know I shouldn't have eaten a c but I just couldn't help it.
whole tub of ice-cream .. . d 'Yes, why not! After all, I've got
4 'I'm going to tell her exactly what
Ithink of her.'
nothing to lose.'
e 'I wouldn't do that if I were 1
5 'You might have told me that Jackie you.'
and Dave had moved house! '
6 'Ithink you should forget all about
,
it and move on.
7 'Yo u should have been here f 'Me, too. I'm dying for a coffee.'
yesterday! You'd have died laughing!' g 'Believe me, I would if I could.'
8 Then I found out that Andy's been h 'Why? What was so funny?,
working for ... guess who? Dave!' i 'Huh! Icould have told you that.'
9 I'd only just met this guy when he j I just couldn't believe it! 1
I,1
asked me how much I earned!
10 'Icould do with a break.'
Four men are sitting in the
IiI!D Listen and check. What extra lines do you hear? What are the
library of a country house.
"-"''''~~:: ",".~,.~ jJ
contexts? Practise the conversations with a partner.
Suddenly one of the men
drops dead.
Who did it?
It all went wrong!
6 Write some notes about an occasion in your life when everything
went wrong. Tell the class. They can comment and ask questions. Your teacher will give each of you a card
with information about the murder. You
can't show your card to anyone else, but
You must have been terrified!
you can say what's on it.
2 Work as a class to solve the murder.
The best way to do this is through
organization and co-operation, knowing
when to speak and when to listen.
If you work together well, you should
solve the murder in about twenty minutes.
If you don't work together, you'll never
solve it!
3 When you have finished, discuss these
questions.
• How did you organize yourselves?
• Was everybody involved, or did one person
dominate?
• How could you have solved the murder more
quickly?
• What should you have done?
• Games such as these are used on management
training courses. Why, do you think?
~~ WRITING Formal and informa l letters and emails - Do's and don'ts pl21 Unit 10 . Risking life and limb 89
How the West was won
Do you know any films about cowboys and Indians?
What is a typical plot? Who are the 'good guys' and who
are the 'bad guys'? Do you have a favourite western?
2 What do you understand by the title of the article?
'GO WEST, YOUNG MAN!'
The American West covers a vast area from the Mississippi
Look at the six sub-headings. Make guesses about the
Rive r to the Pacific coast. It was largely unexplored by
contents of the paragraphs.
white settlers until the beginning of the nineteenth century.
3 Read the first two sections. Answer the questions. Land was scarce in the East, so many white people who
wished to farm went West in search of a new life. The US
1 Why did the white settlers want to head west?
government promised these pioneers land in the newly
(There are several reasons.)
acqu ired states of California and Oregon. Many Americans
2 \J\That were some of the natural dangers to overcome? believed that there should be one large American republic
What could go wrong? What accidents could have stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific. They tho ught
been avoided? that this was part of God's plan, an d they had the right to
3 What do these numbers refer to? claim the land from the primitive nat ives.
I 1843 14,000 2,000 4~ 15 25

THE BAZAItDOUS JOUItNEY
Large-scale migration began in 1843 . By 1848, over
4 Read about the Donner family. Complete the sentences
14,000 settlers had followed . Much of the land they
using the verb in brackets and a modal verb.
crossed consisted of mountains, deserts, and huge, treeless
1 They (set out) so late in the year. plains. To avoid the worst of the winter blizzards in the
2 They (follow) an established route. mountains, travel lers normally began thei r journey in late
April or early May. It was not possible to t ravel ear lier in
3 They (spend) the winter in the mountains.
the year, as there was not enough grass on the Great Plains
4 They (take) enough food .
to feed the livestock. If everything went accord ing to plan,
S They (be) really starving to do what they did . the 2,OOO-mile journey took around four and a half months,
covering about fifteen miles a day. Any delay meant that
5 Read the rest of the article. Answer the questions .
fierce snowstorms would be encountered in the Sierra
1Describe the early relationship between new and Nevada mountains. Migrants suffered from disease, violent
Native Americans. vVhat was the main reason for dust storms, wagons stuck in mud, and plagues of insects
this to change? such as mosquitoes. One in 25 of the migrants failed to
2 Describe the American Indians' culture. Over what make their destination. Many deaths were self-inflicted.
issues were they bound to clash with the settlers? Not experienced in the use of guns, they frequently shot
themselves or each other by mistake.
3 How did the white people help the Native
Americans? How did they exploit them?
4 How was the spirit of the Native Americans finally
broken?
5 Find different ways in which the white people and
the Indians are referred to.
Wha t do you think?

• In which other countries have settlers taken the lands
of native inhabitants? What has happened there?
• Do you think native inhabitants of today should receive
financial compensation for the land that was taken from
their ancestors?
• What are the arguments for and against developing
remote parts of the world such as rainforests, deserts,
and Antarctica?

THE TILAGEDY OF THE DONNElL FAMILY GOLD FEVER AND CONFLICT
In 1846, a group from Illinois decided to emigrate to California. One Then in 1849 came an event which greatly changed the
of the families was called Donner. Their story was to become one of relationsh ip between new and Native Ame ricans - t he Gold
the best-known tragedies in the history of Western emigration.They Rush. Thousands of men of many diffe rent nationalities
made two vital mistakes. They started late, and followed an untested flocked to California, and later to Co lorado and Nevada,
route and got lost. Morale became poor, tempers flared , and one to search for gold . With the rush came the development of
of the men was stabbed to death. It was late October by the time mining camps and the growth of industries, towns. shops.
they sta rted to climb the Sierra Nevada mountains, and they were road systems. and railroads. All of this on Native American
desperately short of food. It became clear that the snow had made hunting grounds. Inevitably. conflict ensued. To the white
the mountains impassable. They prepared to spend the winter in the people, the Great Plains were a wilderness waiting t o be
mountain snow. Starving, they ate glue and fur. Eventually, they ate tamed, a resource to be explOited. and a poten tial so urce
their own horses. Out of 81 travellers, over half died. of profit. They were not concerne d about damage to the
environment. Native Americans did little farming and mining.
FIltST CONTACTS WITH NATIVE 4MEIICANS They were hunters , and central to their way of life was th e
When the white people first explored the American West, they wild buffalo. There had been enormo us herds of buffalo.
found Native Americans living in every part of the region, many estimated at 60 million. but by the mid-1880s t hey were
of them on the Great Plains. White people saw the Plains Indians virtually extinct. having been hunted by white Americans.
as savages, but in fact each tribe had its own complex culture and
social structure. They didn 't believe that land should be owned BROKEN AND DIFEATED
by individuals or families, but it should belong to all people. In The whites took over more and mo re of the Indian
the early days of migration, relations between the pioneers and homelands, until tensions finall y exploded into war in the
Native Americans were generally friendly. Trade was common, and 18605. Hostilities continued for over twenty years. an d
sometimes fur traders married and integrated into Indian society. terrible atrocities were committed. In 1890, the Seve nth
The travellers gave Native Am~ricans blankets, beads and mirrors in Cavalry surrounded and disarmed a band of Sioux at
exchange for food. They also sold them guns and ammunition. In the Wounded Creek. Fighting broke out. and 146 Sioux men.
18405 attacks on wagons were rare and the Plains Indians generally women and children were slaughtered. This was the last
rega rded these first white travellers with amusement. great act of violence against the Plains Indians. The spirit of
the Native Americans had finally been broken. They were
persuaded to live in reservations, where government officials
encouraged them to adopt an American way of life.
Unit 10 . Risking life and limb 91

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
Synonyms - the story of Jim and
the lion
J e
Im, ~ ~~as
llurse~ ~
~O rall
Ther e was a boy whose nam e was J im;

In 1907 Hilaire Belloc published His were very good to h im . buddies / friends
Cautionary Tales for Children. They are They gave h im tea, and cakes, a nd j am,
humorous verses with a moral. And slices of lamb, delicious / tasty
And read him ____ th rough novels / stories
and thro ugh ,
And even took h im to the zoo
But there it was the fate dreadful / appalling
Befell him , I now _ _ __ describe / relate
You know - at least yo u o ught to know,

For I have to ld you so frequently / often
That children never are _ _ __ allowed / pennitted
To leave the ir nurses in a crowd;
Now th is was Jim's especial fo ible,
He ran a,vay when he was able,
Look at the title of the poem and the And on th is day
pictures. Guess the answers to these He slipped h is hand and _ __
questions.
1 Where did his nurse* take him?
He hadn't gone a yard wh en - bang!
With open jaws, a lion _ __ _
2 Was Jim a well-behaved little boy who always
did what he was told? Or was he naughty? And hungrily began to eat
3 How far did he get when he ran away? The boy: at his feet.
4 How did the lion go about eating him? Now just _ ___ how it fee ls
5 Who tried to help Jim? Did this work? ' Alhen your toes and th n
6 How did his parents react? your heels,
*Nowadays we would say childminder, not nurse. And th e n by gradual degrees, I
Your shins and a nkles, calves and kn b ,
2 IiIiD Listen and check.
Are eaten , bit by bit.
3 Complete the lines with a word on the
right. Think of style, rhythm, and rhyme. No wonderJim it! ~
It might help to say the poem out loud. No wonder that he 'Hi!' ~I
Do the first verse. The hon st ke per hea rd h is ry, I
4 om Listen and check your answers to Though very , he almost ran

To h elp the little gent} man .
the first verse. Then do the same for the
' Ponto!'Jle cried, '"ith frown
rest of the poem.
Let go sir! Dowtt sU:. J?ut i t dO\-\Qll
S What is the moral of this poem? What is
the tone?
Jim's parents, we are told, were 'concerned'
about their son. \Alhy is this funny? When nurse -~~...-:d
~
""ere more _-"--'-'--"'--_
What do you think? His mother, as s 1e- ~beT eye ~
o What were your favourite stories as a Said, 'Well - it gives me n o "';0..

_ _-----': : ; "
child? Tell the class about one of them. He would no t do as he was told! '
His father, who was _ _ __
o Were they scary? Funny?
Bade a ll the roun d attend
o Who were the main characters? Were the
To James ' miserable ~.~. ~. ,
stories based on real life, or fantasy?
And always keep a-h old of nu rse
o Did they have a moral? A happy ending? For fear of finding so meth ing worse.

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Metaphors and idioms - the body
Complete the sentences with a part of the body.

Your is associated with intelligence.
Your are associated with manual skills.
Your is associated with emotions.
2 In which one of these sentences is the word

in italics used literally? Rephrase the words used
metaphorically.
Can you give me a hand to move
this sofa? It's so heavy.
2 She's so clever. She's heading for great
things in life.
3 But she's not at all big-headed.
4 We shook hands and introduced ourselves.
5 My daughter has a very good head for business.
6 I'd offer to help, but I've got my hands full
at the moment.
7 I know she shouts a lot, but really she's got
a heart of gold.
S We had a heart-to-heart talk, and things
are much clearer now.
9 My parents wanted me to be a lawyer, but my heart wasn't in it.
Now I'm a journalist.
3 Complete the sentences with one of these expressions.
face the fact putting a brave face on its last legs goes to their head
pulling your leg finding my feet a sharp tongue
My car's done over 200,000 kilometres. It's now. I'll have

to buy a new one.
2 With so many celebrities, success and they start to
believe they're really special.
3 She's being very courageous and on it, but I know she's
in a lot of pain.
4 I'm in my first term at uni, and it's all a bit strange, but I'm slowly
5 I'm nearly seventy-five. I simply have to that I'm not as

young as I was.
6 'Oh no! I've forwarded your email complaining about work to the
boss!' 'Are you serious?' 'No, I'm just _ _ __
7 'Sue says some really cruel things.' 'Yes, she's got _ _ __
4 III!IJ Listen to three conversations. Replace some of the phrases

used with an expression on this page.
DID Listen and check.
5 Look up another part of the body in your dictionary. Find one or two
useful idioms or metaphorical uses. Explain them to the rest of the class.
Unit 10 . Risking life and limb 93

In rour dreams
Hypothesizing • Expressions with if • Word pairs • Moans and groans
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR A B

Helen is feeling very sorry for herself. 1 It's raining again. I was.
Read column A. What are her problems? 2 I'm not going out tonight. I did.
3 There's nothing good on TV. I didn't.
2 IIlII Join a line in A with a wish in B. 4 I don't like my job. I could.
Listen and check. I wish
5 Alex and I stayed up all night studyi ng. they would.
6 I know they won't offer me the job. there was.
3 Write down one thing you're not happy
7 I feel really depressed. it wasn't.
about. Tell the class what you wish.
8 I can't talk to anyone about it. we hadn't.
IF ONLY ...
Hypothesizing about the past and present
Look at the photos. Each one illustrates someone's regret or wish.

What do you think the regret or wish is?
2 OlD Listen to the people talking. Who says what? Number the
pictures in the order you hear.
94 Unit 11 . In your dreams

~ , .
3 DIll Listen again and complete the lines. LANGUAGE FOCUS i .
Who is speaking?
I shouldn't have .. . Hypothesizing - past and present
If only I hadn't . . . All of these sentences are hypothetical. That is, they
I wouldn't worry .. . imagine changing certain facts. What are the facts?
a I wish I knew the answer. I dOi1 't kl10w the al1swer.
2 If only we could .. .
b If only I could come.
That would ...
I'd just ... c If only I'd told the truth .
Sometimes Iwish ... d If I didn' t get so nervous, I'd get better results.
e If you'd helped us, we'd have fmished by now.
3 What would you give .. . ?! f I should have listened to your advice.
Which one would you choose if .. . ?
g I wish I spoke French well .
... if I had $1 million I'd .. .
h I wish you would speak to him.
I wouldn't - I'd ...
2 . Which of the sentences are about present time?
4 Don't you wish you ... ? Which are about past time?
But you could have .. .
3 Look at sentences c, d, and e. What are the full forms of
5 I shouldn't have .. . the contractions I'd, you'd, and we'd?
Surely you could ... ? 4 Other expressions are also used to hypothesize.
Supposing you ... ? Complete the sentences with the facts .
4 Work with a partner. Use the lines in exercise 3 to help It's time you knew the truth. The fact is that you .. .
you remember the conversations. Practise th em. I'd rather you didn't smoke. The fact is that you . . .
I'd rather they hadn't come. The fact is that they .. .
5 What are the facts behind some of tl1e wishes and regrets? Supposing you'd fallen and hurt yourself? Fortunately
I shouldn't have eaten out last night. you .. .
ghe did eat out last Hight. She weHt to a pizza place.
~~ Grammar Reference pp151-152
PRACTICE
Express a wish or regret about these facts . Use the
words in brackets .
1 I don't speak English fluently. ( wish)
2 You speak v.ery fast. I don't understand. (If)
3 I'm an only child. (wish)
4 We don't have enough money for a holiday. (If only)
5 I get up at six o'clock every morning. I have to go
to work. (wouldn 't/if)
6 I didn't learn to ski until I was forty. I'm not
very good. (~f)
7 My th i rteel1~year-old sister wants to be older.
(Sh e wishes)
8 My best friend always borrows my things without
asking. (I'd rather)
9 I don't know anything about computers. I can't
help you. (If)
10 We want to have a break. (It's time)
Unit 11 • In your dreams 9S

Broken dreams
2 Read Marty and Carrie's sad story. Explain the title.
If only they'd I<nown!

CARRIE AND I were holidaying in Vanuatu in the South
West Pacific. It's really beau ti ful there and and one
day we went for a wa lk and saw this house for sale.
It was on a piece of land overlooking a bay and you
can imag ine - the views were absolutely fantastic. We
just fell in love w ith it. We had to have it - so we
bought it there and then, and the next day signed up
an architect to redesign our dream holiday home. That
evening we celebrated and in the middl e of the night
we were fast asleep when we were woken by a huge
tropical storm, with high winds and torrential rain ,
that went on fo r a couple of hours. But worse was to
come beca u e next morning, when we drove out to
check our newly bought house, we found it had been
completely destroyed. It was a tragedy for us. We lost
evelY cent we had.
3 Use these words to form sentences about Ta lking about you

Marty and Carrie's sad story.
6 What do you wish was different about your life? Make a wish list
1 Marty and Carrie shouldn't/buy the
about some of these things and discuss it with other students .
house/that day.
2 If they/not buy/the house/their life/
very different.
?7?y ~ W If only
~ou :::;'~:::;~"'t
he did/didn't .. .
3 If they/contact the owner of the house/ • home • social life • money I wish she had/hadn't .. .
he might/give them/money back. • family • work • school we could ...
• friends • holidays they would/wouldn't ...
4 What/happenlif they/wait a few days
more?
5 Supposing they/not go on holiday/to SPOKEN ENG LI SH Expressions with if
Vanuatu?
There are many fixed expressions with if often found in spoken English.
It
Answer question 5. Use your imagination. Match a line in A with one in B.
4 Work with a partner and complete these A B
sentences about Marty and Carrie.
1 Would it be OK if if you've got a minute?
1 If they'd knovm that ...
2 If all goes well, I'd never forg ive myself.
2 They should have ... ":
3 If you knew what I know about that hotel, If anything, he's a bit shy.
3 They shouldn't have ...
4 Could I have a word with you I left a bit early today? if
4 If they hadn't . . . 5 If anything went wrong, we can always postpone it.
5 They wish they .. . 6 Win? What do you mean? If you ask me, you'd never go there again.
Compare your answers with the class. 7 It was a Thursday, not a Tuesday, if any at all.
i~
8 Well, if the worst comes to the worst, they don't stand a chance.
5 Fo rm the question and answer it.
9 You haven't made much progress, we should be fin ished by Friday. :,
What/happen/if there/not be/tropical 10 Idon't think he's cold or arrogant. if I remember rightly.
storm?
IIID Listen to the conversations and check. What extra lines do you
hear? What are t he contexts? Pract ise with a partner.
-
.::. .~
96 Unit 11 • In your dreams

VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION REA DING AND SPEAKING
Word pairs Have you ever wondered?
As you go through your day do you

There are many pairs of words joined by a conjunction.
The order of the words is fixed. ever wonder about things? Have you
ever puzzled over these questions?
Read these sentences aloud.
Discuss them in groups. Which can
Each and every house had been hit by the storm.
you answer? Make notes of your ideas.
To their shock and horror their house was in ruins.
2 Complete these well-known ones.
Life's full of ups and _ __
1 Why do we dream?
There are always pros and in any argument.
We'll find out the truth sooner or _ _ _ 2 What are falling stars?
Match a word pair with a definition. 3 What wou'ld happen if
A B
the gravity on Earth was
compromise/be flexible
suddenly turned off?
ifs or buts
wait and see excuses or arguments 4 Why do aeroplanes take
ins and outs be patient and find out later
give and take generally speaking longer to f y west than east?
by and large exact details
grin and bear it accept it or refuse, I don't care. 5 What would happen if there
odds and ends tolerate it as best you can was no dust?
take it or leave it things
6 What is the origin of the @
2 Complete the sentences with a word pair from above. symbol?
1 In any relationship you have to be prepared to _ _ __
You can't have your own way all the time.
2 I didn't buy much at the shops. Just a few for the kids.
Socks for Ben and hairbands for Jane.
3 I don't want to hear any ____. Just finish the job as soon as you can.
4 It's difficult to explain the of the rules of cricket. It's so
complicated.
5 What have you got me for my birthday?' 'You'll have to _ _ __
6 'Oh, no! The Burtons are coming for lunch! I hate their kids!'
'I'm sorry, but you'll just have to . It's only for an hour or so.'
7 OK, you can have it for £90. That's my final offer, _ _ __
8 Britain has lots of faults, of course, but , it's a pleasant place to live.
iIiIJ Listen and check.

3 Work with a partner. Match a word in A with a word in B and a word
in C. Look for synonyms and antonyms.
A B C
now sick more nd t ired quiet sound
touch peace safe [but[ surely then go
slowly there or then less
Try to put each pair into a sentence. Read the sentences aloud to the class.
4 OIIJ Listen to a conversation between two friends. What are they
talking about? Note down all the word pairs you hear. 2 Read the answers to the questions on
pp98 and 99. Check your ideas and
5 Look at the conversation on piS7. Practise it with your partner,
cliscuss them with your group.
paying particular attention to the stress and intonation.
Unit n . In your dreams 97

me important questroD ~ i~ li..fe
, Why do we dream?
Two different schools of thought exist
as to why we dream: the physiological
school, and the psychological school. Both,
n•
What are falling stars?
Contrary to popular belief, 'falling [or shooting] st ars' are not stars at
all, but meteors, solid bodies that travel through space. Meteors (2)
to huge objects weighing many tons, which are visible to the naked eye at night.
however, agree that we dream during the REM, Most meteors, except the really huge ones, burn up when they enter the Earth's
or rapid eye movement, phase of sleep. During atmosphere. If they do land successfully, they are renam ed meteorites.
this phase of sleep, our closed eyes dart rapidly Usually meteors t ravel together in swarms like bees. Nature's spectacular
about and our brain activity peaks. fireworks show, a 'meteor shower,' comes into view when these swarms hit
The physiological theory centres upon how the Earth's atmosphere and then fall towards the Earth in a brilliant display
our brains function du ring the REM phase. Those of light. One must be quite patient to witness the most spectacular meteor
who believe this theory say that we dream to storms, as these cross the Earth's path only once every 33 years.
exercise the brain cells. When awake, our brains
constantly transmit and receive messages and
ke ep our bodies in perpetual motion. Dreams
"2..
What would happen if the gravity on Earth was
replace this function . ~ suddenly turned off?
Psychological theorists of dreams focus upon Supposing we could magically turn off gravity. Would buildings and
our thought s and emotions, and say that dreams other structures float away? What happened would depend on how strongly
deal with immediate concerns in our lives, such the things were attached to th e Earth. The Ea rt h is rotati ng at quite a speed, (3)
as unfinished bus in ess from the day. Drea ms - . If you spin something around your head on a string it goes around in a
can, in fact, (1) - . Connections between dreams circle until you let go of the st ring. Then it flies off in a straight line. 'Switching
and the human psyche have been made fo r' off gravity would be like letting go of the string. Things not attached to the
thousands of years . The Greek philosopher Earth would fly offin a straight line. People in buildings would sud denly shoot
Aristotle wrote in his Parva Natura/ia, over 2,200 upwards at a great speed until they hit the ceiling. Most t hings outside would
years ago, of a connection between dreams and fly off into space. Some things, like trees and many build ings, which are rooted
emotion al needs. Sweet dreams! into the Earth, would not find it so easy to fly off.
98 Unit 11 . In your dreams

4 Why do aeroplanes take longer to fly
west than east?
It can take five hours to go west-east from New Yo rk
Reading
3 Read th e texts again. These lines have been removed
from them. Which text does each come from?
to London but seven hours to travel east-we st from London
a moving at over a thousa nd mil es per ho ur at the equator.
to New York. The reaSOn fo r the difference is an atmospheric
phenomenon (4) _ . The jet stream is a very high altitude b It separates a pe rson's online user name fro m th eir mail
wind which always blows from the west to the east across server address.
the Atlantic. The planes moving at a constant air speed thus c range in size fro m tha t of a pinhead
go faster in the west- east direction when they are moving d the wa t er droplet s fall to t he earth as ra in
with the wind than in the oppos ite direction.
e teach us th ings about ourselves that we are unaware of
5 What would happen if there was

no dust?
Most of us who have ever cleaned a house would
known as the jet st ream
4 Answer the questions.

What does REM stand for?
be much happier if there was less dust. However, without 2 What kind of things do dreams deal with?
dust there would be less rainfall and sunsets would be less 3 What is the difference between a meteor and a
beautiful. Rain is formed when water molecules in the air
meteorite?
collect around particles of dust. When the collected water
4 What travel like swarms of bees?
becomes heavy enough (S) - . Thus wat er vapour would be
much less likely to turn to rain without the dust pa rt icles.
5 What would happen to buildings and the people
The water vapour and dust particles also reflect the rays inside them if gravity was turn ed off?
of the sun . At sunrise and sunset, when the sun is below 6 How does the jet stream affect how fast planes fly?
the horizon, the dust and water vapour molecules reflect 7 What would happen to rain and sunsets if there was
the longer, red rays of light in such a way that we can see no dust?
them for more time . The more dust particles in the air, the 8 Why did the scribes invent the @ sign?
more colourful the sunrise or sunset. 9 What is the @ sign called in different languages?
6 What is the origin of the @ symbol?

History tells us that the little @ in email addresses,
commonly referred to as the 'at sign', stemmed
Vocabulary work
Find the hignlighted words in the texts. Try to work out
their meaning from the contexts.
fro m the tired hands of medieval scribes. During t he Middle
Ages, before th e invention of printing presses, every letter of What do you think?
a word had to be Qainstakingly transcribed by han d in Latin
for each copy of a book. The scribes that performed these • Which questions did you find most interesting?
tedious copying duties looked for ways to reduce the number • \Vruch facts were new to you? Which did you already know?
of individual strokes for common words. Although the word Use some of these phrases to express your reactions.
ad, the Latin word fo r at, is quite short, it was so common
I already knew that . . . Did you know that .. . ?
that the scribes thought it would be quicker and easier to
What surprised me was .. . Everyone knows that . ..
shorten it even more. As a result, they looped the 'd' around
the 'a' and eliminated two strokes of the pen. I don't believe that . , . I had no idea that .. .
With t he introduction of email the popularity of the @
• What do you call the @ sign? Which language's animal
sym bol grew. (6) - , for instance, joe@uselessknowledge.
com. There is no one universal name for the sign but
vvord do you think best describes it?
countries have found different ways to describe it. Several • Small children often ask lots of 'Why' questions.
languages use words that associate the shape with some
Why is the grass green? Why do birds sing?
type of animal. These include:
snabel Danish fo r 'elephant's trunk' Think of some good 'why' questions about the world. In
k l ammeraffe German for 'hanging monkey' pairs, try to answer them as if you we re talking to a child,
papaki Greek for 'little duck' (The child will often answer with another 'Why?' question!)
kukac Hungarian for 'worm'
dalphaengi Korean for 'snail'
sobachka Russian for 'little dog'
Unit 11 • In your dreams 99

The interpretation of dreams
Everybody dreams but some people remember their dreams better

than others. Discuss these questions in groups.
1 Did you dream last night? Can you remember anything about it?
2 What often happens when you wake up from a dream and try
to describe it to someone?
3 What do you think are common themes in dreams?
2 Read these descriptions of dreams. Discuss what you
think each dream might mea~1 .
Underneath it all Hidden treasure

Man tim es, as I' m going to sleep, I My dreams are ofte n set in a I am diggi ng in t he ga rden of my
drea m t hat I am walking along the road small decayi ng ce ll ar. I al ways ch ltd hood ho me and un cover a
and suddenly t rip up and fall towa rd s wake up fee lin g ba d abou t box of trea sure. My li fe has been
th e pave ment. I always wa ke up before life when t his happens. Wha t. pretty ba d lately. Does my dream
I hit the ground. Why do I dream thi s? does t hi s drea m mean? indicate a change fo r t he bette r?
J.H, PERTH, AUSTRALIA D. J, WINNIPEG, CANADA P.T, SWINDON UK
3 Read the interpretations of the dreams on p 158. Which do you Language work
think goes with each dream? Why? Compare them with your ideas.
Read the tapescript on pI37.
4 DID Listen to Paul describing a dream. \<\'hat is really strange
I Find four things in the story that Paul
about the dream? Are these statements true or false? Correct the
describes as strange.
false ones.
2 Find other words which are similar in
Paul describes himself as a sensible, rational person. meaning to strange.
2 He was in his room at university when he had the dream.
3 He was asleep in the same room as his best friend. What do you think?
4 The dream took place in his home town .
5 In the dream, he and his best friend had arranged to meet in • Discuss Paul's dream in your groups and try to
front of the station. interpret it. Share your ideas with the class.
6 His best friend had a similar dream. • Describe any memorable dreams that you
7 His best friend had never visited his home town. have had.
8 He believes their dreams were as a result of a TV programme • Do you ever have the same dream or dreams
they'd been watching. with common features?
100 Unit 11 • In your dreams ~ WRITING Narrative writing 2 - Linking words and expressions pl12
EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Moans and groans It
Read the complaints in A. Match them with a response
in B. Which of the items in the box do they refer to ? What a pain!
a leather jacket email boots ordering by phone
a bookcase a TV programme a dishwasher an exam
, don't believe it!
A 8
1 0 I could kick myself. As soon as I'd handed it in,

I remembered what the answer was. all exam
a What a pain! Have you tried ringing the computer
2 0 I don't believe it! I've spent all morning trying to send helpline?
this, and aliI get is 'Ooops! Your message wasn't sent.
b Give me a break! I was in a hurry. Anyway, they're
Try again later'.
only a bit muddy.
3 D These instructions don't make any sense to me at all.
c I'm awfully sorry, sir. I'm afraid there's nothing I can
If you can follow them, you're a genius.
do about it. It's out of my hands.
4 0 It's not fair. I'd been looking forward to watching it all
d I know, it drives me mad. But worse still is that you
day and then the phone goes and rings!
never get to speak to a real person anyway!
5 0 How many times do I have to tell you? Take them off
e Oh, I hate it when that happens! But do you think
before you come into the house!
you've still passed?
6 D This has gone beyond a joke. You promised you'd
f It's such a shame. It would have gone so well with
deliver it by Tuesday at the latest. Now you're saying
your white jeans.
next month!
g Don't ask me! This flatpack stuff is a nightmare!
7 0 I went away to think about it, and of course, when
I had exactly the same trouble t rying to put up a
I went back it had been sold. I wish I'd just bought it
bedside table.
there and then.
h Typical! And who was it? Anyone interesting?
80 What a waste of time! Ten minutes listening to music
and 'All our lines are busy. Thank you for waiting'.
2 IIID Listen and check your answers. Read them 3 What are some of the events in a typical day in your
aloud with a partner and add another line. life? For each event think of something to moan about.
A Icould kick myself. As soon as I'd handed it in, What a pail1! Igot up and had to wait ages before the shower was
Iremembered what the answer was. free. But worse still, the water was freezing cold!
8 Oh, I hate it when that happens! But do you think
4 Do you have any moans and groans about anything
you've still passed?
that's happened recently in your country or in the world?
A Who knows? I'I! just have to wait and see.
When people moan about something, there is an

exaggeration on the rise and fall of the word with
main stress.
J\
Idon't believe it!
J\
It's not fair!
IIIIJ Listen and repeat.
'Press 1 for classical, press 2 for easy listening, press 3 for jazz. '
Unit 11 • In your dreams 101

·,s BeVer t
Articles • Determiners • Hot words -life, time • Linking and commenting
_. ~." ~ - ., .- ~ - .... .-
TEST YOUR GRAMMAR A B C

Tell the story of Mary's grandfather. 1 My grandfather used to be dinner at his table.
matching a line from Awith a line from C. 2 He retired captain of the ship.
Use the correct article from Bto connect 3 He decided to go on sea cruise.
the lines. Tell the story to a partner. 4 He enjoyed a/an cruise very much.
He sailed all round one year before last.
2 om Listen and check. What extra 5
6 He met the judge.
information do you hear? 7 The captain asked them to have no article happiness at any age.
8 They got on very well with another.
9 My grandfather says you can find world.
10 They were married by American widow.
TH E PACE OF LIFE
Articles and determiners
How well do you
Do the quiz about your pace of life. Circle a, b, c, or d.
Discuss your answers with a partner. Turn to plS8 and 1 How would you describe the pace of your life?
find out what kind of person you are. Do you agree? a Easy-going. I just take life as it comes.
b Quite fast. but I leave enough time for relaxation.
2 Find these highlighted words in the quiz. Underline the
c At times frantic , at times relaxed.
nouns that follow . Which are followed by of? d Non-stop the whole time but I like it that way.
enough the whole all each plenty 2 How do you tackle all the th ings you have to
a great deal hardly any several none do each day?
no (a) few (a) little most every a I do t.lJose things I feel like doing.
b I prioritize. I do the important things and put
off all the rest.
3 These lines are similar to those in the quiz but not the
c There's either not enough time to do everything
same. Find them in the quiz. What are the differences? or too much time with nothing to do. I find this
1 I leave sufficient time for relaxation. difficult.
2 Non-stop all of the time. d I have a daily 'to do' list that I tick off after each
3 More than enough things. item is completed.
4 Lots of enthusiasm. 3 How many things have you begun and not
S Very few, just a couple of minor things. finished in the last few years?
6 There aren't any uncompleted projects. a Plenty of things. I begin with a great deal of
7 I see everyone of my projects through. enthusiasm but then get bored.
b Hardly any, just one or two minor things.
8 I don't have any patience.
c Several things. Sometimes I get distracted and
9 I have hardly any hobbies or leisure time. move from one thing to another. .
.l 0 . In quite a few ways. d None. There are no uncompleted projects in my
11 In all kinds of ways. life. I see each of my projects through before
12 Nearly all of the time by email. I start the next..
102 Unit 12 . It's never too late

4 What is the difference between these pairs of sentences?
I have a few hobbies. I have a little leisure time.

I have few hobbies. I have little leisure time.
5 Is there a difference in meaning between these sentences?

I completed each project. I compl,eted every project.
Which can mean you had only two projects? Which

can't mean you had only two projects? Which can mean
4 When do you switch off your mobile phone? you had lots of projects?
a Do most people have mobile phones these days? -- 1
1 haven't got round to b uying one yet. LANGUAGE FOCUS .
b In some public places and when 1 need some
peace and quiet. Determiners
c Not as often as I should. Determiners help identify nouns and express quantity.
d Only if I have to.
1 Look at the examples. Which determiners go with which
S What is your attitude to punctuality? nouns? Which group expresses quantity?
a I don't waste time worrying about it.
b Being late is impolite and inefficient so I try to the other both
be punctual. another neither
book
c I like to be on time in theory but in practice many other each/every boo k
books
I'm ofte n late. his only litt le boo ks
good book
d I'm always on t ime. I have no patience with people such a all time
who are late. what a the who le
no
2 Determiners can join a noun using of + the/my/

our/ this/that, etc. Which express ions can you make
from these examples?
both
neither
each t he book
all of my books
some those t ime
the whole
6 How do you s end our leisure time? none
a Doing a bit of this an < t . I don't know where
time goes. ~ Grammar Reference p152
b 1 recharge my batteries with a few hobbies and
being with friends.
c I keep trying different things that people suggest,
but nothing really grabs 111e.
PRACTICE
d I have few hobbies and little leism e tim e. I try Talking about you
to put the whole of my life to good use.
7 How do you keep in touch with friends? Complete the sentences with determiners which make
a I wait for them to get in touch with me. them true for you .
b In several ways - emails, texting, but also I I have _ _ _ _ time to relax.
I like to phon e them for a pro per chat. 2 my friends think I work too hard.
c In any way I can - but it can be difficult. 3 _ _ _ _ my teachers think I work hard.
I think '} must contact X' but time
4 I spent _ _ _ _ weekend relaxing.
passes a nd I find I h aven 't.
d Most of the time by email. It's quick and efficient. 5 I have interests and hobbies.
8 Which ofthese is closest to your philosophy on life? 6 my hobbies are sports.
a Whatever will be will be. 7 my parents look like me.
b Life is not a dress rehearsal. S my family have fair hair.
c There is a season fo1' everything. 9 My aunt gives us birth day presents.
d Grasp every moment. 10 My grandparents watch TV _ _ _ time.
Unit 12 . It's never too late 103

Discussing grammar SPOKEN ENGLISH Using demonstratives and determiners
2 Work with a partner. What is the Demonstratives and determ iners are often found in idiomatic language.
difference in meaning between these pairs Look at these examp!es of the demonstratives this, that, these, and those
of sentences? from the quiz on pl02. .
Ispoke to all the students in the class. (I like) doing a bit of this and that.
Ispoke to each student in the class. Most people have mobile phones these days.
2 None of them knew the answer. I do those things I fee! like doing.
Neither of them knew the answer. Find examples of the determiners each, every, and all in the quiz.
3 The doctor's here.
A doctor's here. 5 Demonstratives - this I tltat I these I those
4 There's a man at the door. Complete the sentences with the correct demonstrative.
There's some man at the door.
1 What's ____ song you're singing?
5 There's a pair of socks missing. 2 Look at ladybird on my hand!
There's a couple of socks missing. 3 Did you hear storm in the middle of the night?
6 Whole families were evacuated from 4 Mmm! strawberries are delicious!
their homes. S Take dirty shoes off! I've just cleaned in here.
All the families were evacuated from
6 I can't stand weather. It's really getting me down.
their homes.
7 Who was man you were talking to ____ morning?
3 Match a line in A with a line in B. 8 Do you remember when we were young? were the days!
9 Children have no respect for authority days, do they?
A B
II!IJ
this
Would you like eggs? Listen and check.
Do all birds lay the egg?
Where did I put an egg?
I have two cars. Borrow
It was great to see
I have five nieces. Igave £10 to
each one.
everyone.
either one.
6 Determiners - each, every, or all
those
A B iIlD Listen to some short conversations. What is each about?
Life of crime never pays. Complete the replies. They all contain expressions with each, every or
Alife they have together is a good one. all. Practise the conversations with a partner.
The life is sweet.
I-- A What was the meal like?
Both my friends like swimming. B
All person in my class is friendly.
Every my parents are Scottish. 2 A Did you apologize to all the guests?
B
4 om Listen and respond to the lines
3 A They didn't all pass, did they?
with a sentence from exercise 3.
B
4 A Sorry, I only have SOp on me.

Well, would you like all egg? B
A boiled egg al1d some toast?
IJ!D Listen and check. Pay particular

attention to stress and intonation. Look
S A When do you think you'll get there?
6
B
A Do you fancy a quick coffee?

each
B
at the tapescript on p 138 and practise the
conversations with a partner.
104 Unit 12 . It's never too !ate WRITI NG Adding emphasis in writing - People of influence pl1J
1,

Happy days
Vlork in small groups. What is the average life expectancy in your

country? Suggest ages for these stages of life. What is typical behaviour
for ea ch stage? Give exa mples and discuss with the whole class.
o-D infancy
D -D childhood
D -D teenage years
D -D adulthood
D - D middle age
D-Doldage
I
2 You are going to listen to Bernie, Tony, and Tommy talking
about themselves. Here are some of the things they said (t\oVo for
each person). Which stage of life do you think they are at?
J This time though, after the operation I knew immediately
it would be OK.
2 We have buckets and spades.
3 Lizzie and I are quite content just to potter in th e
vegetable patch, or cut the grass, or weed the flower beds.
4 It's got big, big wheels, hugest wheels ever.
5 I don't have the energy I used to have.
6 These days the only thing that makes me unhappy is
mee ting people who don 't realize what a gift life is.
3 (I!IJ Listen to the three people. After each one discuss
these questions.
J At which stage of life is the perso n?
2 Which lines in exercise 2 did h e or she say?
3 What does the person do or say that is typical or not
typical for their age?
4 vVhat makes the person happy or unhappy?
What do you think?

• Which stage of life do you think is best? Which worst? Why?
• Are there advantages and disadvantages for each stage? Discuss.
• Do you know people who you think are typical or not
typ ical for their age? Are you?
You're never too old
What age do you consider to be old?

Think of some 'old' people you know.
Alife in the day
How old are they? Mary Hobson, 77, gained a degree in Russian
What are they like? in her sixties and a PhD at 74. A mother of
What do they do every day? four, she lives in south London.
Which of these activit ies are typical for
old people? I've started to learn ancien t Greek . It doesn't urge you to
• finding it difficult to sleep 01 communicate, only to learn, an d I find the earl y hours o f
• liking routine ' the morni ng th e perfect time for that. I love ritual and
• going to university routine. I wait until 6am to have tea; at 7a m I phon e my
• studying foreign languages youngest daughter an d we start the day with a chat. At 7.30 I
• going to the doctor make breakfast - All-Bran, wholemeal toas t, and a pot o f black
• talking about the past 10 coffee - and I take it back to bed along with the Roma n
• losing your memory e mp eror Marcus Aureli us.
• using the Internet
• living in the centre of a city After a bath I spend the m orning translating. A special committee
• watching TV was convened to organize the t rans lation of the works of Pushk in
for his centenary. Unpaid, of course. I'm an e xp ert a t wo rkin g for
2 Read the text quickly. Which of the
1\ nothi n g. Poor old Pus hkin: some of his letters were scandalous .
activities in exercise 1 are part of Mary
Really very rude indeed . How was h e to know th at, 200 years
Hobson's life? Explain the title: 'A life in
later, some old bat wou ld be poring over every lin e?
the day'.
3 Read the text again. Find the highlighted I am what you might call a late developer. I was 40 before I wro te
lines and answer the questions about them. my first novel, 62 when I went to university . My husband, Neil,
1 1.04 What is 'it'? Why does 'it' do this? 20 was a talented jazz musician , but at 25 he developed a cerebral
2 1.10 What is 'it'? How did Marcus abscess, losing his speech and the use of the right side of hi s
Aurelius help Mary? body. It was agon y for him and a nightm are fo r us. We we re so
broke, we lived on national assistance for ages. When things got
3 1.14 What does she work at for nothing?
really bad, I'd collect up old china and give it to the childre n to
What does this imply about Mary's
l) smash out their frustrations on the wall outside .
lifestyle?
4 1.16 Who is 'he'? Who is 'some old bat'? I wrote my first novel whil e Neil had his weekly music therapy.
5 1.22 What was agony for who? What did T hat 50-minu te sess ion was all I had. I used to sit in the ABC cafe
Mary do about it? in Earls Court and write and write while couples had li fe-and-dea th
6 1.27 What was the session? What did quarrels around me. Neil was terribly difficult. None of it was h is
Mary do in it? l() fault, of course, but after 28 years I thought: 'It's not my fau it
7 1.39 Is 'the time of your life' a good or either.' I was going down with him. I left and Matthew stayed
bad time? What was the time of with him to stop me going back - I was very grateful for th a t.
Mary's life?
Having snatched a bit of life ba ck, I had to do something with it.
8 1.47 Why do they think this?
My daughter Emma gave me War and Peace, and I loved it so much .
9 1.57 What is 'it'? What does Mary mean l\ Then it hit me: 1 hadn't read it at all, I'd only read a tran slation ,
by this? and I so longed to read the actual words. A marvellous elderly
10 1.59 What is 'it'? Why does she sleep so Russian lad y taught me the basics and 1 enrolled on the Russia n·
badly? language degree course at the U niversity o f London . Peopl e
talk about 'the time o f th e ir li ves'. Well, tha t was min e. Don' t
40 let anyone t ell you your memory goes wi th age. It's there if you
want it enough. Gradually I forced it into action - it was such an
exhilarating experience. Oh, the joy of learning!
106 Unit 12 • It's never too late

language work
There is one mistake in each of these
sentences. Find it and discuss why it is
wrong with a partner. Check your answers
WINNER OF THE in the text.
I make breakfast and I take it back to
the bed.
2 I am a late developer. My husband
was talented jazz musician.
3 I phone my youngest daughter and we
start a day with a chat.
4 I enrolled on the Russian-language
degree course at University of London.
S I try to go to Moscow every year in
coldest weather.
6 Having snatched a bit of the life back, I
had to do something with it.
7 Give me the town over a country.
8 I make supper and get into bed, simply
because the feet are awful.
What do you think'!

• It's easy to think of all the advantages of
being young and the disadvantages of
being old. But try it the other way round.
Work in two groups.
Group A List all the disadvantages of
being young.
Group B List all the advantages of being
old.
• Find a partner from the other group and
I h a e such good friends. fter a late lunch, I might go and pla y discuss your lists.
Scrabbl e with a Russian lad y. I write poetry en route, on buses • Discuss as a class. What do you think is
41 and trains. I love London. Ci e m e th e city over the country the best age to be in life?
an cia . I try to go to M oscow e very year in the coldest weather.
fvly Ru ia n fri end s th ink I'm mad; it hits minus 40 and the y
find it unbearable. I adore lying in bed liste ning to snow being
scraped from the pa vem ents.
so I ha ve an overpowe ring feeliJ;\g that I don 't want to waste an y

tim e. T he re's so much out th ere. I wo n't be a ble to ge t about
fo re e r, so whe n I ca n ' t stagger down m y front steps, I'll p erfect
m Creek. larder my groce ries on the Inte rnet, so I ha ve
e erything sent. s long as I ha ve m y books I'll be happ y.
\1 If I' m not going out, I m ake supper and g t into bed, simply
b ecau se m y feet are awful. Then I phone e eryone I ca n think of.
I can't bear T V - it makes me feel as if everyone else is li ing a nd
I' m onl y watching. 1 don ' t ha ve a ne '.\ spape r; I ge t my news
through Radio 4. I sleep rottenl y, so I h ave it on all night. ,
60 Dreams are horrend ou s. M ine are all about anxiety and loss.
I much prefer th e day - at least you know you're in charge .
Unit 12 ' It's never too late 107

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING
Hot words - life and time
Work with a partner. Complete the

expressions below with either the word
life or time. Use a dictionary to help.
Having the time of your life!

not on your _ _ you can bet your _ _
takeyour _ _ better luck next _ _
geta _ _ get a new lease of _ _
kill _ _ it's high _ _
third _ _ lucky for the _ _ being
no _ _ tolose stand the test of _ _
that's _ _ see _ _
not before _ _ in the nick of _ _
anyold _ _ deadon _ _
acushy _ _ anything for a qu iet _ _
2 Co mpl ete these lines with an exp ression from

exercise 1.
No need to hurry. T ake ...
2 For goodness sake hurry up. T here's no . ..
3 The op eration was so successful that
grandpa got a new ...
4 Shakespeare's writing is still relevant
today. It's really stood .. .
5 1 got to the bank in the ... It was just
about to close.
6 You can give them back any . .. I'm not
going skiing again until next year.
7 OK, OK stop crying. You can have
another ice-cream. Anything .. .
3 D!D Listen to the conversations.
What are the people talking about? \tV hi ch o f
the expressions from exercise 1 do you hear?
Turn to p 139 and practise the conversatio ns
with yo ur partner.
A song
4 (mJ Close your books and liste n to a song

called That's life, recorded by Frank Sin atra
and Robb ie W illiams. Then read the words
a ll this page. There are many differences.
Listen aga in and note them all.
108 Unit 12 • It's never too late

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Linking and commenting
Look at these lines from the first tapescript in T12.6 . The expressions
in bold link or comment on what has been said or what is going to be
said. They are mainly adverbs.
Personally, I'm just happy to be alive. Anyway, I had some tests .. .
You see, I'd recently married ... In fact the transplant failed ...
Find other examples from the tapescripts on p 138.

2 Read these conversations. Choose the correct linking or commenting
expreSSlOI1.
A Did you see the match last night?
B No, but apparently / obviously it was a good game. We won, didn't we?
A Probably / Actually, it was a draw, but it was really exciting.
2 A What do you thi nk of Claire's new house?

B Personally / Certainly, Idon't like it. I think it needs an awful lot of work.
Ideally / However, that's her problem, not mine.
A Poor old Claire! She always picks the difficult ones, doesn't she?
Anyway / Honestly, we'll see soon enough.
3 A I don't know how you can afford to buy all those fabulous clothes!
B Still / Hopefully, I'm going to get a bonus this month. My boss has
promised. After all / Presumably, Idid earn the company over £100,000
last year. BaSically / Absolutely, I deserve it.
4 A She said some terrible things to me. I hate her!

B Generally speaking / All the same, Ithink you should apo logize to her.
If you ask me / Apparently you lose your temper too easily. You're being
very child ish. It's t ime you both grew up!
A What?! I never thought I'd hear you speak to me like that.
B Still / Honestly, I'm not taking sides. I just thi nk you should make up.
5 A So, Bilty. You say that this is the last record you're ever going to make?
B Surely / Definitely.
A But surely / actually you realize how upset your fans are going to be?
B ObViously / Hopefully, I don't want to hurt anyone, but certainly /
baSically, I'm fed up with pop music. I'd like to do something else.
After all / Ideally, I'd like to get into ii lms.
mD Listen and check your answers. Practise some of the dialogues.

3 Complete these with a suitable line.
1 They had a dreadful holiday. Apparently ...
2 It should have been a happy marriage. After alll, . ..
3 I know you don't want to go to Harry's party. All the same, '"
4 I had the interview yesterday. Hopefully, ...
5 I'd rather you didn't let this go any further. Obviously, ...
6 I couldn't believe it, he just walked out of his job. Presumably, ...
7 I don't like flying very much. As a matter offact, .. .
8 So that's that. All's well that ends well. Anyway, .. .
Unit 12 • It's never too late 109

Writing
UNIT 1 APPLYING FOR A JOB A CY and a covering letter
1 What is a CV? What is the aim of one? B

Have you ever written one? What
information did/would you include?
Name Kate Henderson
2 What is the purpose of a covering letter?
3 Write the headings from A in the correct Address 31 Rendlesham Way
spaces in the CV in B. Watford
A Herts
WD3 SGT
Profile Additional information
Phone 01923 984663
Education Name
References Work experience Mobile 07764733689
Personal details Interests Email katehenderson@hot shot.com
A highly-motivated, well-travelled, and

enthusiastic graduate, with practical
experience of working with children of
all ages.
Watford Grammar School

8 GCSEs
3 A-levels
Bristol University
BA (Hons) Psychology and Education
June 2000
Life guard and supervisor at KLC Leisure
Centre
July 2001
Athletics coach at training centre
June 2003
Teaching assistant at secondary school
Tennis, athletics, volleyball, travel, cinema
4 Answer the questions. One of my main interests is tennis,

which I have done since I was three,
Where did Kate go to school? passing many exams, and performing in
2 What did she study at university? annual competitions. I have organized
3 Who is ProfJane Curtis? sports events and training sessions for
4 Does she have a lot of work tennis, athletics, and trampoline. I have
experience? travelled widely throughout the world,
5 How is a CV different in your country? in Europe, the Far East, and the USA.
Prof Jane Curtis Mike Benson

Dept of Education Head Teacher
Bristol University Bailey School
BSS 7LA Watford. Herts
WD38JG
110 Writing Unit 1

6 This is the job that Kate is applying for. Is she well qualified for it?
ACTIVITY HOLIDAY ORGANIZER IN THE CANARY ISLANDS

Are you ... Do you .. .
• aged between 18- 30? • like kids?
• en e rgetic? • like sport?
• good at o rganizing people?
Then come and join us as a leader for a fun summer, looking
after groups of kids at sports camp!
Send your C V to Mark Sul liva n at 106 Piccadilly, Bristol BS8 7TQ
7 Read Kate's coveri ng letter. Which parts sound too informal? Replace them with words on the right.
31 Rendlesham Way
Watford
Herts
WD3 SGT
Mark Sullivan 01923984663 extensively with young adults
106 Piccadilly respect my leadership abilities
Bri st ol
BS87TQ Ifind it easy
very interested in
17 March 2004
have a certain understanding of
Dea r Mark
Please find enclosed
I am applying f or the post of camp leader, wh ich I saw advertised somewhere
recently. Here's my CV. look fo rward to hearing
I reckon I have j ust about everything needed for t his jo b. I have w orked loads
considerable
with kids, doing all kinds of stuff. They generally do what I tell them, and many of the relevant
we manage to have a great time toget her. Having studied psycho logy and qual ifications
education at univers ity, I know quite a bit about the behaviour of kids.
have travelled widely
I am really into sport, and ha ve lots of experience of organizing training
Mr Sullivan
events. I am a very pract ical person , easy-going, and it's no problem for me
to make f riends. I've been all over the place, and enjoy meeting new people. Yours sincerely
I can 't wait to hear from you. in the March edition of the
magazine Holiday Jobs for
Best wishes Graduates
1<'a -\e t-\ender00n feel
Kate Hende rson organ izing a variety of activities
establish a good working
relationship
Is this how a formal letter is laid out in your country? What are the differences?
8 W rite yo ur CV and a covering letter for a job that you would really like to do and are well qualified for.
Writing Unit 1 111

UNIT 2 INFORMAL LETTERS - Correct ing mistakes
1 Teachers sometimes use these symbols when correcting written work.

Correct the mistakes in these sentences.
· 1971 111
I J.-. born 111 . WWone sma II town 111
. M exlCO.
.
WW Wrong word
2 My father is ",diplomat, so m~~ life I ii\,e in difre;ents countries. Sp Spelling
Wo Pyer Sp
3 After the school, I went for four years 111 a busyness college. l Tense
4 I , m marne P.vep fi ve years. I kWW

l . d s1l1ce ·c w h'l
new my wile 1 e I was a stu d ent.
ikv Grammar
p ww Se Pvep Word missing
5 My town isnt as exciting than London. ", Is very qUIte at the evening.
l -r Ww. P Punctuation
6 I learn English for five years. I start when I had eleven years.
Gv . Sp . ww Pvep Preposition
7 My father wants that I work 111 a bank becaus", IS a good work. Wo Word order
l& ~ &
8 I do i! evening course in English. I enjoy very much to learn languages. / This word isn't necessary
2 Read the letter. Answer the questions.

1 Where was the letter written? Avel1idVl CtlWtpil1t'!s 3Co1 VIp. 1(.5
2 Who is the guest? Who is the host?
01).38 5~o PVlU/O E5rVlsil
3 Which city is described? What is it like?
4 What season is it?
3 Work with a partner. Find the mistakes
and put the symbols on the letter. Then
Gv
correct the mistakes. The first line has
Tl1e!l1i<. YOu J.-. YOII.x le.tt er. I re(.eive it the l(ifst week. Sorry I I'Ul replyJ.-.
been done to help you.
yo.! befo l'e, but I've beef'!, very busy. It's Christ W1.(ifS SOOf'!" (ifM everYOl1.e
4 Write a letter (about 250 words).
(if re very exci ti"!:']!
Either ...
11," t ,vo we.e.k.s I '1I1~ wit h yo" il1. E"!:'] /(if l'td. I (.(if f'!, 110 be.Lief it! I looh"!:']
You are going to stay with a family in an
English-speaking country. fo rw(ifrd I~eet you (iff'Lri your j(ifW1.Uly very l'\1.U.(./1.. I'W1. .sure. we. will Like
.(s very well.
Or ' "
An English-speaking guest is coming to stay
My Gity. 5~o P(ifu/o , is blgJe.st (if 'u( J1oisye.st city if'!, /3 rCfsil. Is I'Ult re(;flly
with you.
for tourist . Is (if ceJ1tre wW1.J1>1.erGi(ifL. Auo it h"lve very mHch pollut io f'!,
Give so m e in fo rma tio n abo ut yo urself
your famil y, in te rests, school, yo ur tow n. ~11.d triffiG. 8 IA.t tl1ere is lot of t hi"!:']s to do. I like very 111.u.Gh Listef'!,
muJic. . The.n "In (.~ WhO st(ify opef'!, very l"lte!

heck your wo rk ca re full y fo r mi stakes!
My jrief'Lri We f'Lt if'!, Lof'Lriof'!, L(if st ye(;f r, (ifl1,d he. 11M SUf'!, (if fo ot b(ifll Y11.(iftc.h
(ift Arse.f1,(if 1. He s(if id Wl.e. W(ifS wo M erjidL. I like t o do t h"lt (ifUO.
My pl(iff'1,e (if rl'ive t o He(;fti1roW tl,t fa. 30 M l-t if'!, 3 Jtll1Hry. Is very kiM
YOH ~Y1at me so e(;f rly ''\1.onti,'!9 .
I hope very W1.u(.h il'\1.prove my e"!:']lis h duril'!9 I (if m wit h you.!
. Fenwlvt.do
112 Writing Unit 2

~ UNIT 3 NARRATIVE WRITING 1 - Using adverbs In narratives
Have you ever been in a dangerous situation? Write some notes about 4 Place the adverbs on the right of the
when, where, who you were with, and what happened. Discuss your story in the correct place in the same
notes with a partner and compare the situations. line (sometimes more than one place
is possible) . Add punctuation where
2 Put the adverbs or adverbial phrases in the correct place in these
necessary.
sentences. Sometimes more than one place is possible.
5 What background information are you
1 I used to go skiing. in winter, frequently given in the article? When does the actual
2 I enjoyed going to Colorado. with my family, especially story of what happened start?
3 I had a bad accident. two years ago, then, really
4 I skied into a tree. headfirst 6 Using the notes you made earlier, write
5 I broke my leg. in three places, unfortunately, the story of your dangerous experience
6 I'd like to go skiing again. definitely, one day (about 250 words).
7 But I don't feel confident. yet, enough • Begin with background information
8 My family go skiing. however, still, every February • Describe the events in the order they
Read the completed story aloud with your partner. happened.
• Make sure you use plenty of adverbs to
3 Read through the story of two British mou ntain climbers, Rachel describe people's feelings and actions.
Kelsey and Jeremy Colenso. Where were they? What went wrong? Share your stories as a class, reading some
How were they saved? What does the text message mean? of them aloud.
TEXTING TO THE RESCUE

On a mid-September day, British climbers Rachel Kelsey and a partner were seve ral years ago
climbing in the Swiss Alps. high / with great confiden ce
They were both experienced climbers, and when they left their base, the wea th er relatively
was good. They reached the summit, but as they started the climb down , an easily
electric storm struck the mountain . Snow began to fall , making it difficult to see suddenly / heavily / ext reme ly
where they could pu t their hands and feet on the rock. After several frighteni ng safely
minutes, they found a narrow ledge and climbed on to it , hoping the snow would gratefully / desperately
stop and t hey could continue their descen t.
The snow did not stop and th e temperature dropped to - 10°C. 'We had to stay however / dan gero usly
awake,' said Rachel , 'because it was so cold that we would have di ed. So we to ld afterwards / undoub tedly
stories and rubbed our fingers and toes to keep them warm .' continuousl y
They decided that they had to get help. But what could they do? Rachel had eventually / possibly / fortun ately
brought her mobile phone with her, but the only number contacts unfortunately
she had were in London . She sent a text message at 1.30 a.m.
to get help. She sent the same text to five friends in the UK. It in fact
read: ' Need heli rescue off north ridge of Piz Badile, Switz'. urgentl y
They were all asleep , so nothing happened. At 5.00 a.m., for hou rs / then
one friend , Avery Cunli ffe, got the message. He jumped i mmediatel y
into act ion, called the rescue services in Switzerland, and then
called Rachel to tell her that help was com ing.
The weather was too bad for the helicopters to for the next 24 hou rs
operate, but Avery kept sending text messages to
the climbers. At about 10.00 p.m. th ey were lifted fin ally / safely
@ ? <p
off the mountain. 'We owe our l ives to Avery',
~ .~ they said when they were back at base. exhaustedly
~ ~.
@- ~ ~
Writing Unit 3 113
UNIT 4 LINKING IDEAS - Conj unc ti ons
1 Use the conjunctions but, although, and however to join these two
sentences.
He's rich and famous. He's unhappy.
JOHN F. KENNEDY
The Youngest Elected President of the U .S.A.
2 Conjunctions can join sentences to express contrast, reason and
result, time, and condition. In each group complete th e sentences It is over 45 years (1) (since / after)
with suitable conjunctions. John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth
President of the United States,
Contrast I however although despite even though I was assassinated. (2) (Although /
However) theories conceming his
1 I can 't speak much Spanish, I ca n understand a lo t.
death still fascinate the world.
2 I can 't speak Spanish well. , I can understand most things.
On November 22nd, 1963,
3 H e can 't speak Span ish well, he lives in Spain. (3 ) (when / while) he had been
4 living in Spain, he can ' t speak Spanish. in office just one thousand days,
he was shot (4) (as / while) being
Reason and Result Isuch ... that so as since because so ... that driven through the streets of Dallas,
Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was
I d idn 't sleep well last night, I' m tired today. charged with the killing. but (5) (before
2 I' m tired r d idn ' t sleep well last night. / when) he was put on trial, he was also
3 r wan ted to go, bu t it was late, I d ecided no t to . murdered.
4 John ca n't be here today, I've been asked to chair the John Fitzgerald Kennedy, known
meeting. simply as JFK, was bam in ,
Brookline, Massachusetts,
S He always looks _ _ _ _ innocent _ _ _ _ he gets away \vith on May 29th, 1917, the
murder. second of nine children of
6 He's _ _ __ a terrible liar _ __ _ no one believes him. the millionaire, Joseph P. Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald.
(6) (Since / After) graduating from Harvard University
Time when(ever) while as (soon as) until after since in 1940, he entered the navy. In 1943 he was seriously
inju red (7) (when / while) his boat was sunk but
1 I called yo u I co uld . (8 ) (despite / even though) his injuries he rescued many
2 He refused to talk to the police his lawyer arrived. of his crew, showing (9) (so / such) bravery that he was
3 I feel sad r hear th at m usic. ·awarded the Purple Heart medal.
4 They were burgled they were away o n holiday. After the war, he became a Democratic congressman,
S I've kno wn her I was a sm all ch ild. joining the Senate in 1953. That same year he married
Jacqueline Bouvier. the daughter of a wealthy Wall Street
6 I'll help you with this exercise I've had d inner. broker. She was stylish, attractive and very popular,
(10) (so / as) much 50 that her husband once said
Condition I if as long as unless in case (11) (during / while) addressing an audience in France:
1 ['m go ing to be late, I'll call yo u. "I am the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to
Parisi "The couple had three children, Caroline, John Junior
2 You won ' t pass yo u wo rk h a rder.
and Patrick, who lived only two days.
3 Take an u m b rella it ra ins.
From 1956 (12) (until / when) he became President in
4 Yo u can bo rrow m y ca r yo u d rive ca refull y. 1961 , his familyworked tirelessly to support him.
(13) (During / While) the election campaign millions
3 Write down anything you know about John F. Kennedy. Discuss as watched his television debates with Richard Nixon, the
a class. Republican candidate. Kennedy won and his inaugural
address is best remembered for the line: Ask not what
U
4 Read about Kennedy's life and death. Choose the correct your country can do for you - ask what you can do for
conjunction to join the sentences. your country. "
(14) (Despite / Even though) his term in office was short,
5 Research and write about someone famous who interests you. there were many major events, including the Cuban
You can use the plan below to help. missile crisis, the building of the Berlin Wall, and the space
Paragraph 1: Introduction and your interest in this person race. His death shocked the world. Subsequent presidents
Paragraph 2: Early life have employed ever more bodyguards (1 5) (in case of
Paragraph 3: Career / unless) assassination. JFK was much loved. The NASA
Paragraph 4: Later life (and death) Space Center and New York's main airport were renamed
after him.
114 Writing Unit 4

UNIT 5 EMAILING FRIENDS
1 How does writing an email differ from o

writing letters? List some differences. From: paul.gill@donawoo.es I
Date: Tuesday 10 June, 5..36 pm
2 Emails to fri ends are usually very
To: tonsar.hotmes@btclick.com
informal and grammar words are often
Subject: Nice to see you in Cambridge
left out. How could you express these
typical email phrases more formally? Hi Tony and Sarah
Glad you're OK. GREAT to see you in Cambridge last week and catch up on all your
news. Wasn't the Old Hall Hotel nice? (Hey, but what about the lousy
Great news - got the job!
breakfast service!). The reunion seemed to go OK. Wonder what the
Sorry, can't make next Sat.
group photo will be like this year?
You sti ll OK for Fri day?
Got back to Spain after a 2 day drive - stopped off at lovely 3 star hotel
Tha nks loads.
in Marseilles on way to Barcelona. Kids loved the indoor pool and jacuzzi.
Sounds fantasti c.
Came as a welcome break from driving for us.
Can't wait to see you.
Hope all is well with you. Pam is off with kids to Gerona, swimming.
Speak soon.
Remember when we went up there with yours once -- many moons ago?
3 Read the email and note any features that Keep in touch. Would be great if you could get out here to visit us.
are typical to emails. What changes would all the best
you make if it were a letter? Go through Paul & Pam
and discuss with your partner. & Hannah and Freddie
4 Read the letter from Jane to a friend.

What is the main reason for writing?
What parts of the letter give extra
information?
Work with a partner and discuss how to
make it more like an email.
5 Write an email in reply to Jane Jl.lly gth
(about 250 words).
Dea'r JetlYl'f'
• Begin by reacting t o her news
It was so ~ood to see YOIA a\'ld Rob a tew weeks a~o. We really \'\'IlASt ~et
• Reply posit ively to her invitation
t~ethe'r \'\'lore oHe\'l, we always have so \'\'IlAth to talk ..bolAt.
• Suggest arrangements for meet ing her
• End by giving some news about yourself. On the subjett o.f ~et-~ethers, I jlASt had a postta'rcl t'ro"" - ~IAeSS who?
{:;""""a Pdlowe. Do yOIA 're""e""be'r he'r? She was shdyin~ z.ool~y? Well, she's
in to'#.l\'l. Aryan:ntl'f she's a real hi~h-flie'r these days. She wO'rks for an
inteynational envi'ron""ental a'je\'lcy, wOlAld 'f01A bdieve. A.,., ywa'f, she's Co""in'j
to LO\'ldo\'l ne'!.t Thu'rsda'f and she really war-ts to ""eet up and distlASS old
ti""es. S:he' s stayi\'l~ with t'rie\'lds in Maida Vale, dose to whe're I lASed to
live. I know a ~'reat 'restal.l'rant the're tailed the q'reen Olive, O'r else the're's
the Red Peyye'r - both a're: e'!.Cdlent. Anyway, I a"" ass1.ll'l\i\'l~ and despC:'raul'f
hoyin~ t hat Y0I.I tan to""e that evenin~ - I don't tanty a whole evenin'j
with {:;""""a on ""y own. I .finish wO'rk at abolAt si)<. and she Can't ""ake the
Yc:stalAyant IAntil g.30, whith 'jives lAS so""e ti""e to catch IAI'- Let me know i.f
any c>.f this is yossible.
Please call me: o'r e""ail when YOIA can and I'll book the y,~stalA'rant
It tOlAld be: a tun eve:nin~.
Best.
Jane
Writing Unit 5 115

~ UNIT 6 REPORT WRITING - A Consumer survey
1 What do you understand by fast food? What fast food

The . B
Organlc
outlets are popular in your country? What do you
understand by organic food? Do you ever buy it? urger
2 A company called the Organic Burger Company has Company
commissioned a consumer survey to find out who their
customers could be in the future. The results of the FAO: (1)_ ___, Org an ic Burger Company
Title: (2)' _ _ _ __ _ ___ __
survey are presented to them as a report. Here are some
headings from the report. Date: 30th November
FAO (For the attention of ... ) Background and objectives

Title (of report) (3) is th at the re has recently been
Background and objectives a d ro p in cu stom ers at trad it io nal f ast -fo od
Research and findings outl ets su ch as McOona lds. The Orga ni c
Burg e r co mpany wants t o fi ll the growing
Summary and recommendations _ _
ga p in th e ma rk et.
Action next __
(4) is t o surv ey consume r
Match these expressions with the headings. att it udes by do ing prelim inary re search
a In conclusion, with th e yo u ng people o f Nottingham ,
b The Managing Director a m ediu m -sized Engli sh t own .
c The purpose of this report (5) what t he customers w o ul d w ant from the
d two main findings ex pe rien ce of buying an d eatin g a high-qu ality o rga nic
e The history of this issue burger.
f 'Survey into Potential Demand for Organic Burgers.'
g We recommend that Research and findings
h The results We su rv eyed 120 peo pl e. The age range was :
We propose that
16-19: 31 % 20-24: 34% 25-35: 19%
j were asked to say what they thought
36-50: 12% 51+: 4 %
k within the next six months
I We were asked to investigate They (6) ____ about t he f o llowin g statements:
m not enough evidence
1 I prefe r to eat org anic m eat in m y bu rger. SA A OK 0 SO
3 Read the report based on the 2 I pref er to have a restau rant interior that is tastefu l and
consumer survey conducted mo dern. SA A OK 0 SO
fo r the Organic Burger 3 I pref er my food to be grown wi t h respect for the
Company and complete it env iro n ment. SA A OK 0 SO
with the e;"''Pressions 4 I pref er all the other ingredients to be f resh and o rg an ic.
from exercise 2. SA A DK D SD
5 I am prepa red to pay more tha n I pay now.
SA A OK 0 SO
(SA = Strongly Agree, A = Ag re e,

OK = Don't Know, 0 = Disagree,
SO = Stro ngly Disagree)
116 Writing Unit 6

WRITING A SURVEY AND A REPORT
4 You work for a firm of marketing consultants. Your
client is a supermarket chain. Your brief is to find out if
shoppers in your town would be prepared to buy more
Fairtrade products in the local supermarket. Fair/rade
products cost more, because they pay the producers in
developing countries a better price for their products.
• Think of four or five statements like the ones used in the
survey for the Organic Burger Company.
I want to know where the things I buy come from.
gA A DK D gD
• Ask at least 20 people, either in your class or outside your
class.
• Take data about age. Possibly also male / female.
• Add up the statistics.
5 Write the report (about 250 words). Use expressions
from exercises 2 and 3, and use the structure of the
report as a model.
(7) are as follows:

1 46% agreed or strongly agreed
The (8) are:

1. there is a growing preference for organic food.
2. there is (9) that there is a large market yet.
Summary and recommendations

(10) we believe that our survey showed that:
• the tastes of young people in a typica l English town

are changing
• demand exists for more stylish fast food and th at
this demand is growing .
(11) the company loses no time in preparing
for a push into all UK markets.
Action next
(12) further research is now carried out, on
a larger scale and in other countries. This should be
completed (13),_ __
Writing Unit 6 117

UNIT 7 ARGU ING YOUR CASE - For and against
1 Do you send emails? If so who to and when? What 4 Study the article more carefully.
emails have you received or sent recently? Discuss with 1 How is the topic introduced?
a partner then with the class. 2 What personal examples does the writer include
2 Is email a good or a bad thing? Brainstorm ideas as throughout the article?
a class. Divide the blackboard into two. Appoint two 3 For each point on the plus side underline the words
students to take notes, one for each column. and expressions used to connect the ideas.
First of all email is easy.
I PROS(') I (ONS(-) 4 Compare the words and expressions used to connect
the ideas on the minus side. Which are similar?
5 How is the article concluded? How does the writer
express his opinion?
Discuss your results. On balance, which side wins? 5 Brainstorm the arguments for and against one of the
What's your opinion? topics below. Then write an introduction, the pros, the
cons, and your conclusion (about 250 words).
3 Read through the article quickly. How many of the • The mobile phone
points you made are mentioned? How many other • Travelling the world in your 20s
points did you make? • Adult children living at home
o
Subject Email - a good thing or a bad thing?
In recent years email has become an increasingly important means of communication . However, in my
opinion, like most things it has both advantages and disadvantages .
On the plus side: On the minus side:
• First of all , email is easy. All you need is the appropriate • Firstly, email is impersonal. Unlike when face to face or in
software on your computer. There are no stamps to stick telephone con versations , it's difficult to get across subtle
and no trips to the post office. meanings in email prose with no visual or voice clues .
• A second point is that email is fast. No matter where you're • Secondly, it can be argued that email is in fact too easy.
sending your message, whether it's to the next street or to You can write a message in a few seconds and send it
the other side of the planet it takes only seconds to reach off with one click. And once sent, you can 't get back a
its destination. Nowadays, whenever I send regular mail message that may have been written in a fit of irritation or
(or snail mail as email users call it), I can't believe that it's anger.
actually going to take days to reach its destination. How
• Another point is that email security is lax. As your email
primitive!
message makes its way to its destination, it has to pass
• Email isnotonlyfast. itis also cheap. Unlike long distance through other, public, systems . Anyone with the right
telephone calls, you pay no more for messages sent from technical know-how can intercept it without you knowing.
the US to London, Ohio, or London, Ontario, or London ,
• Although , as stated above, it is an advantage that
England.
email messagesareeasilystored . this can also be a
• Also, email messages are easily stored . Because they're disadvantage. If you say nasty things about your boss in a
electronic, saving an email message you've received (and message, a saved copy can come back to haunt you in the
calling it back up again later) is a breeze. future .
• In addition to this, email is environmentally friendly because • A final and very important point is that email can take over
being electronic, it saves natural resources such as paper. your life. Because it is so easy you start getting more and
• Last but not least, email is practically universal. Even my more correspondence, and you end up spending most of
great aunt in Galashiels, Scotland is using it these days. your day reading and responding to floods of messages .
Overall, however, to my mind the pros of email easily outweigh the cons, and email isa~loodthing . lt
has transformed the world of communication in largely beneficial ways, and alongside text messaging, is
now a major way of keeping in touch .
118 Writing Unit 7

UNIT 8 DESCRIBING PLACES My favourite part of town
f
1 What's your favourite town or city? Why (
do you like it? Which parts of it do you

particularly like? Work with a partner and
tell them about it.
2 Do the words in the box describe
something positive, negative, or neutral?
Do they refer to a person, a place, or
food? Or more than one?
I'm a londoner,
lively dash around (v) shabby dull
brand-new cosmopolitan pedestrianized
and proud of it.
buzz (v) trendy boutiques packed I'm not a Cockney
flock (v) mouth-watering aromas that's someone from the
a magnet East End of London. I
live in the West End, in
3 Read the description of Soho. Which Soho, which is right in
parts of Soho do the pictures show? t he centre, and includes Piccadilly Circus, Shaftesbury Avenue, and
4 Work with your partner and decide where leicester Square. It's my favourite part of town. So why do I like it
you could divide the text into paragraphs. so much? It is always lively and colourful, with people dashing around.
What is the purpose of each paragraph ? going about t heir business, which is mainly honest but not always.
Think of a heading for each one and Some of the streets may be a bit shabby but life in Sollo is never
compare them with others in the class. dull. T here's a surprise round every corner - maybe a brand-new
5 The description is part fact and part art gallery that wasn't there last week, or a celebrity being pursued
opinion. Find examples of both. by paparazzi and fans. A sense of history pervades Soho. The name
is derived from a hunting call, 'So-ho', that huntsmen were heard
6 Underline examples of relative clauses
to cry as they chased deer in what were the royal parklands. It has
and participles.
been a cosmopolitan area since the first immigrants, who were
7 Write a description of your favourite French Huguenots, arrived in the I 680s. They were fo llowed by
part of town (about 250 words). Use the Germans, Russians, Poles, Greeks, and Italians. More recently there
paragraph plan to help you. have been a lot of C hinese from Hong Kong. Gerrard Street, which
Paragraph 1: General/personal impressions is pedestrianized, is the centre of london's Chinatown, and buzzes all
Paragraph 2: Its history year round, but especially at the New Year celebrations in February.
Paragraph 3: Its character
Many famous people have lived in Soho, including Mozart, and t he
Paragraph 4: Conclusion and/or final anecdote
poet T.S. Eliot. It has a reputat ion for attracting artists, writers. poets,
musicians, and peopie in the media. Shaftesbury Avenue is
in t he heart of London's theatre land, and there are endless
shops, cafes, t rendy boutiques, and of course, restaurants.
I A large part of the Soho experience is to do with food.
Soho is packed with continental food shops and restaurants.
Mouth-watering aromas are everywhere, from first thing in
the morning till lat e at night. Soho is a genUine 24/7 part of
town. Piccadilly Circus is like a magnet for young people.
They flock from every corner of the world to sit on the
steps under the statue of Eros, celebrating the freedom and
friendship of youth. My mother, who was a Cockney, used
to say that if you wait long enough at Piccadilly Circus; you'll
meet everyone you've ever known!
Writing Unit 8 119

UNIT 9 WRITING FOR TALKING - What I want to talk about IS
1 Think of al1Y aspect of your life that yo u would like to tell other Preparing your talk
people about. It could be your job, a hobby, a person, a place, a
special occasion, a news event. Write some' notes about it. Ask and
answer questions about it with a partner.
2 iIIiJ Read and listen to someone talking about a man called
Christopher and answer the questions.
What is the speaker's relationship to Christopher?
2 \Alhy is he called 'Cheap Christopher'? Wi1at does 'stingy' mean?
3 What do you learn of Christopher's work and family?
4 Name some of the stingy things Christopher does.
5 What's the stingiest thing he has ever done?
6 What did he use to give his mother on Mother's Day?
7 \Alhat is the speaker's opinion of Christopher?
8 \A/hat does his wife say?
3 Now read the talk carefully and answer the questions.
1 Underline the phrases that introduce each paragraph. Why are
these words used?
2 Underline all the questions in the text. These are rheto rical
questions. What does this mean? Why are they used?
3 Find examples of the speaker giving his personal opinion.
4 Practise reading aloud the fi rst paragraph with a partner.
4 Think of a title for the notes you made
The title of my talk is 'Cheap Christopher'. That's what everyone calls my about your topic. Write a talk using these
cousin. Why do they call him th at? Well , simply because he's so stingy. He guidelines. Try to include some rhetorical
gets everyth ing on the cheap. He's the stingiest person I've ever met and questions.
that's why I want to tal k about him today. Give the title:
Let's sta rt with some background . Christopher is intelligent. He's a part-time The title of my talk is ...
joumalist and he's not at all poor. I think he makes about $50,000 a year.
2 Introduce your topic:
He's married with two children , and his wife has a good job, too. So why is
Christopher so stingy? I wal1t to talk about Xbecause ...
Today I'll be talki"g about Xbecause ...
First, let me tell you just how stingy he is. He never spends money on
himself. He never buys new clothes. He gets them second-hand from thrift 3 Give some background:
stores for about $5 an item. He never eats out in restaurants. When his Let's start with some backgrou"d. .. .
work colleagues invite hi m out to lu nch, he stays in his office and says he's I've always bee" i"terested ill ...
expecting a phone call. He hard ly ever uses his car. He says he can live on As you all probably kl1ow, ...
$10 a week. Can you believe that?
4 Hit your first point:
Another thing, Christopher never, ever invites friends to dinner, but he doesn 't
First, ...
fee l guilty about accepting their invitations. Do you know what he says? He
says that they invite him to dinner just to have someone interesting to talk to. What happened was this, . ..
All these things are pretty bad , but in my opinion the stingiest thing he's ever 5 Move to new points:
done is this. He went to a friend's wedding without a present. He just took I'd 110W like to turl1 to ...
some wrapping paper and a card saying 'Love from Christopher' and put it on Moving on,
the table with the other presents. Afterwards he got a thank-you letter from A"other thil1g is ...
the bride. She obviously thought she'd misplaced the present.
6 Conclude:
The obvious question is 'why is he so stingy?' I asked him about it. He said, Filially, I'd like to say ...
'I've always been stingy.' Whe n he was a child, he'd never buy his mother
Thank you all very much for Iistel1il1g to me.
flowers on Mother's Day. He'd give her a bouquet from her own garden.
Are there allY questions?
Rnally, I'd like to say that Christopher may be the world's stingiest guy, but I
still like him . Why, you may ask? Well, he's my cousin, and besides, he's got 5 Mark pauses and words you want to
a lot of othe~ good qualities, like his sense of humor. His wife doesn't seem stress. Practise reading it aloud to a
to mind that he's so cheap. She says he's just being 'careful with his money'. partner. Give your talk to the class.
Answer any questions.
120 Writing Unit 9
~ UNIT 10 FORMAL AND INFORMAL LETTERS AND EMAILS - Do's and do n'ts
You have looked at letters and emails in Units 1, 2, and 5. Are the 4 W rite an informal letter to another
following statements about informal letters and emails true or false? student in the class (about 250 words).
(Some are part true.) Ask a few question s about the other
person's life, and then give some news
1 You can begin with Dear Mum, Hi Mum, or just Mum.
about yourself. Invite the other person
2 Use contracted forms such as won't, I've, and couldn't.
out, and give so me suggestio ns for a time
3 The way you end the letter depends on how well you know the person.
and place to meet.
4 You can end with Goodbye, Bye for now, Cheers!, All the best, Best of wishes ,
Take care, Yours, or Love.
S Sign or write your full name, and print it out underneat h.
6 If you have forgotten to write something im portant, you can add it at the
bottom with PS, for example, PS Say Hi to Ellie! Tell her f'{{ be in touch.
2 Are these statements about formal letters and emails true or false?
(Som e are part true.)
1 If you know the person's name, you can begin with Dear Mr Brown, Dear
Robert Brown, Dear Brown, Dear Mr Robert Brown, or just Brown.
2 If you're writing to a woman, begin with Dear Ms Black.
3 If you don't know their name, you can begin wi th Dear Sir or Dear Madam.
4 Avoid contracted fo rms except doesn't, don't, or didn't.
5 If you begin with Dea r Sir or Dear Madam, end with Yours faithfully or
just Yours. If you begin with the person's name, end with Yours sincerely.
6 Sign or write your full name.
3 Read the letter from Keiko to her friend, Amber Jones. Which pa rts
sound too formal? Replace them with words on the right.
4-2 N0I801yOl\f.o\OI '3 -cv..o\f.o\e

\"OI\f.o\OI-Sv..i, \"o~yo 20G
Believe me,
DeOlv Ms JOl-\es
had a great t ime
How OIve t-v..il-\BS wit-v.. yov.? I +vv.st- yov. 0I1-\J.. yov.v ~OI\f.o\lly OIve 11-\ BOoJ.. v..eOllt-v.., It's great news
0I1-\J.. t-v..0It- yOIJ.. oel-\e~lt-eJ.. .f!vO\f.o\ 011-\ e~oyOlole v..ollJ..OIY il-\ fVOll-\ce. I wel-\t- t-o t-v..e hope
\f.o\OV.I-\t-OIII-\S .pov 01 ~ew J..OIys wIt-v.. sevevOIl OIcq v. 011I-\t-OI\\ces. PleOlse .f!i\\J.. e\\closeJ.. say when exactly
01 pv..ot-o o.p v.s 0It- 011-\ OIl\clel-\t- t-e\f.o\ple. Hope yo!.!, like It-. can't wait to hear
Anyway
I WOlS \f.o\ost- J..elI8v..t-eJ.. t-o v..eOlV t-v..0It- y ov. OIve CO\f.o\II-\B t-o JOIpOlI-\ 11-\ t-v..e l\eOlv Please let me know
~v.t-IJ..ve ! 'fov. J..lJ..\\'t- specl~y t-v..e e)<OIct- J..OIt-es. I wOIJ..1J.. oe BVOIt-e.pv.l l~ yov. cov.1J.. Hi Amber!
sv.pply t-v..e\f.o\ t-o \f.o\e. I will J..o \f.o\y IJ..t-\f.o\OSt- t-o e\\SIJ..ve I ~o\Ve SO\f.o\e t-\\f.o\e .f!vee 11-\ get in touch
ovJ..ev t-o oe OIole t-o OICCO\f.o\pOll-\y yov. OIvOV.I-\J.. -ro~yo . I COII-\ OISSIJ..ve yov. t-v..0It loads of
t-v..eve IS 0\ l ot- t-o see OI\\J.. J..o v..eve. We'll v..OIve 10k o.f! .f!IJ..I-\! \"v..e sv..ops v..eve so Ican show
OIve o~ 01 vevy v..18v.. St-OI\\J..OIVJ.., t-oo, so we'll 1-\0 J..ov.'ot- el-\J.. v.p 'oV.yl.....8 e»Ccesslve soon
q v.OII-\t-lt-les o.f! dot-v..es! say hello
best wishes
11\ cOl\clv.sl o....., I'\f.o\ 0'o1l8eJ.. t-o .pll\lsv.. I-\OW. It-'s t-l \f.o\e .pOY 'oeJ..! PleOlse COI-\t-OIct absolutely fantastic
\f.o\e soo...... I l oo~ .f!ovWOlvJ.. t-o v..eOlyl\\B ho\f.o\ YOIJ... a few friends
'fOIJ..vS sil\c evely we're bound to
I'll do my best to make sure
ketkc I have to
I'm sending you
all well
Writing Unit 10 121

UNIT 11 NARRA TIV E WRITING 2 - Linking words and expressions
Think of something that you looked

forward to for a long time that finally
happened.
• What was the occasion or event? Why did
you want it so much?
• Did you have to make preparations for it? If
so, what were they?
• What actually happened?
• Did it live up to your expectations or not?
Write some notes and then tell your
partner about it.
2 Read these lines from Larry's story and
reconstruct it with a partner.
Larry's dream to fly aeroplan es /

bought twenty balloons / a garden chair
/ packed a fe w sandwi ch es and an air 1 Larr y wa s a truck dri ve r, but his lifetime drea m was to fl y
pistol/cut th e rope / floated around ae roplan es.
/ the winds were blowing / a British (1) he would wa tch the fighter ie ts cri ss-crossing the
irways pilot at 3,500 m etres / skies above his back garden and drea m about th e magic of
a helicopter / a TV re porte r fl ying. (2) , he had an idea. He drove to th e neares t
hard wa re shop and bought twe n ty large balloons a nd fi ve tanks
3 Read the full story and compare it with of helium. (3) , they were not norm al brightly-coloured
yours. Match these five headings with the party balloons but heavy one-metre weath e r balloons used by
correct paragraphs. meteorologi sts .
2 Back in his garden, (4) , La rry used a rope to ti e a
o Serious problems chair to hi s car door. (5) he tied th e balloons to the
o Preparing for take-off ch air a nd inflated them, on e by one. (6) , h e packed a
o Down to earth 'vvith a bump few sandwiches a nd a bottle of Coke, load ed a n air-pistol, and
o Larry and his dream climbed on to th e chair. His plan was to fl oa t up lazil y into th e
sky to about sixty me tres, and th e n to p op a few balloon s
D Flying high (7) descend to earth again .
4 Read the story again and complete it with 3 His preparati ons compl e te, La rry cut th e rope. (8) , he
a correct linking word or expression from didn't fl oat up, he shot up, as if h e had been fired from a cannon!
the box. No t to sixty metres, but up a nd up and up , (9) about
3,500 me tres . If b e bad popped an y balloo ns at this height, h e
first of all Finally Eventually Next would ha ve plummeted to ea rth, (1 0) he just had to
However All day long Then, one day stay up there, fl oa ting a round and wondering what to do.
By this time until As soon as 4 (11) , night was falling a nd things were getting serious.
Immediately Fortunately, just at that momEnt Winds we re blowing Larry out to sea. (1 2)_ _ _ an amazed
Unfortunately in order to so because British Airways pilot spotted him and radi oed the airport saying
he'd just seen a man with a gun, sittin g on a ga rden chair at 3,500
5 Use your notes from exercise 1 and write me tres. (13) a h el icopter was sent to rescue him, bu t it
your story (about 250 words). wasn' t easy (14) th e w ind fro m the ir rotor blades kept
6 Read each other's stories and ask and pushing th e home-made airship fu rther away. (15) , they
answer questions about them. managed to drop a line down from above, and pulled him to safety.
5 (1 6) h e was on th e ground he wa s arrested. A TV
reporter sh outed, 'Hey mate, wh y did you do it?' Larry looked
him in the eye , an d said , •A man's got to foll ow his dreams'.
122 Writing Unit 11

UNIT 12 ADDING EMPHASIS IN WRITING - People of influence
Who are the most influential people 4 Rephrase these sentences in different ways to make them more emphatic.
in the world today? And in the past? 1 I love my grandfather's kind, wrinkly smile.
Share ideas as a class. What [ love about... The thing [ love about . ..
2 Read and compare the two texts about What I love about my grandfather is his kind, wrinkly smile.
Zaha Hadid, the famous British Iraqi-born The thing I love about my grandfather is his kind, wrinkly smile.
architect. Which text sounds better? 2 They don't understand the President's policies.
It's the President's policies... VVhat they . . .
3 Work with a partner. Read the text
again and find differences in the way 3 The softness of Norah Jones' voice makes it special.
the information is presented. Find What makes... It's the . ..
examples of: 4 I admired Nelson MandeJa's courage.
• the way paragraphs begin What [ admired about . .. It was . . .
• changes of word order 5 The way Pele could head a football was amazing.
• changes of words What was . . . What amazed me . . .
• the use of this to refer back
5 Research the career of someone you consider influential, a
a sentence that begins with It wasn't until . ..
sportsperson, artist, singer, actor, writer or business person.
a sentence that begins with However, what
changed ... Using some of the structures for adding emphasis, write (about 250
words) about:
• their early life • why he/she is/was a person of influence
• how their career grew • the high points of their professional life
TEXT A
laha Hadid, architect
TEXTS
1 Zaha Hadid has had agreat influence on (he world of modern architecture. 1 Zaha Hadid, the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize for Architecture, has had a
She was the first woman to winthe Pritzker Prize forArchitecture. tremendous influence on the world of modern architecture.
2 Hadid was born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1950. Now london is her home. She 2 Born in Baghdad, Iraq in 1950, Hadid came to london as astudent in 1972. This city is
came as astudent in 1972. She has establishedher design practice in london. now her home and where she has established her design practice.
3 Hadid studied mathematics initially at the American University of Beirut. She 3 Initially, Hadid studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut, getting her
got her degree in 1972. She moved to Londonand changed her career. She degree in 1972. However, what changed her career was moving to london to study
studied architecture.She graduated in 1977. architecture. She graduated in 1977.
4 In 1994, Hadid became famous. She won a competition to design Cardiff Bay 4 It wasn't until 1994 that Hadid became famous,when she won a competition to design
Opera House.Thedesign was too daring for the public. The building was the Cardiff Bay Opera House. However, this design was too daring for the public, so it was
never built. never built.
S Hadid's first great achievement was the Center for Contemporary Art in 5 In 2003 Hadid designed the Center for Contemporary Art in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. This was
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA in 2003. She has designed buildings all over the world. her first great achievement. She has since designed buildingsall over the world, including
She designed an Opera House in Dubai and the Aquatics Centre for the 2012 an Opera House in Dubai and theAquatics Centre for the 2012 Olympics in london.
Olympics in london. 6 There is asmall group of architects such as Mies van der Rohe and le Corbusier, who,
6 Zaha Hadidbelongs to asmall group of architects such as Mies van der through their work, have made modern architecture exciting and important. Zaha Hadid
Rohe and Le(orbusier. They have made modem architecture exciting and belongs to this group.
important through their work.
Writing Unit 12 123

Tapescripts
5 A I hate Sundays because nothing ever goes K No, it's nothing like London. It's like nowhere
UN IT 1 right on a Sunday. else I've ever been - masses of huge buildings,
B Just Sundays, ch? Aren't you the lucky one' underground shopping centres, lots of taxis an d
6 A I'd just arrived home last night when I people - so many people - but it's so clean. No
DO realized I'd left my briefcase on the bus.
B Well, you won't see that again. o
litter on the streets or anything.
And where are you living? What kind of
How long has "·lax been at slimmer camp?
JliSt two days. 7 A I was just getting ready to go out this accomn10dation have yo u got?
Is he having a good time' morning when my grandmother rang for a K Well, for the time being I've been given a tiny
No, not rcally. He's feeling very homesick. chat. It's so frustrating! apartment, but it 's in a great part of town.
3 Is this his first time at summer camp? B I know, and you feel really bad if you say it's D What do you mean 'for the time being'? Will you
No, it's not. He's been once before. Last year he not a good time. be moving somewhere else?
went to Pine Trees. S A I've been told that our teacher is a really K That's right. I won't be living here for long. I'll
.j Did he like it at Pine Trees' good singer! be offered a bigger place as soon as one becomes
Oh, yes he did, vcry much. B Who on earth told ),ou that?! available, which is good 'cos this one really is
5 Why was that? 9 A In Ill)' very first English lesson I was taught tiny, but at least it's near to where I'm working.
Because they did things like archery and to introduce myself and say 'hello'. D How do you get to work then? Do you walk?
mountain biking. B I was taught to say 'the cat runs after the K Walk! You're kidding. It's not that close. It's a
6 What's he doing tomorrow? mouse' and stuff like that - useful, uh?! short subway ride away. And the trains come
He's making pancakes. [0 A The reason I'm learning English is because so regularly - it's a really eas)' journe)" which is
7 \Vhy docs he want his cell phone? it's spoken all over the world. good 'cos I start work very early in the morning.
Because all th e other kids have theirs. B True. But isn't Chinese spoken by more D It all sounds really interesting but are you
people? enjoying yo urself'
DO K Again it's too early to say. I think I really will be
How long has Sophie been in New Zealand? DO enjoying it all soon. I'm sure it's going to be a
Nearly a week. A Heard about Jane and John getting engaged? great experience. It's just that I miss everyone at
How long was she in Australia? B That's nice. I always thought they got on home so much.
Three weeks. really well. DOh, we miss you too, very much. Make sure you
3 Who is she travelling with' A Yes, They've been talking about a spring email us regularly - it's the best way to keep in
Catherine. wedding. touch.
4 Why does she like New Zealand? 2 A Leaving already? What's wrong' K I will. I promise. And you email me back with all
Bec;use it's smaller and cooler than Australia. B I just have a headache, that's all. your news. I just love getting news from home.
5 Why did she like Kangaroo Island? A F:'iled again? How many times is that? Give everyone my best. B)'e.
Because of the wildlife. She s.lW platypuses there. B OK, OK. There's no need to rub it in' They D Bye Kirst),. It's been great talking to you.
6 What's their car like? say the best drivers fail three times.
It's OK - the lights work and it has a big glove 4 A Sorry I'm late. Been waiting long? DO
box - but it sometimes makes strange noises. B No, I've ,iust arrived myself. Got caught in I A I'm going away on business for two weeks. Do
7 Which wildlife has she seen already? traffic. you think you could possibly water my house
She's see n dolphins, whales, and enormous :; A Doing anything interesting this weekend? plants for me?
albatrOS5es. B Yeah, if you call housework interesting. I've B No problem. I'd be glad to. I'll keep an eye 011
8 Where are they going next? just got to tid), Illy flat this weekend. your whole flat if you like.
They're heading up the west coast. 6 A Like the car! When did you get it? A That would be great.
9 Why is she sending her mum and dad photos? B We've had it a while actually. Second-hand, B Don't worry, I know holl' house-proud you are.
So that they won't forget what she looks like. VOll know. I'll make sure everything stays clean and tidy.
7 A Bye, Jo! See you later. A I'll do the same for you any time, you know.
DO B Yeah. I'll be round about eight' B Thanks.
A Are you being served, sir? S A just coming' Hang on' 2 A Julie, have you heard? Anna's just been made
B Oh, -cr, just looking, thank you. B Get a move on, or we'll go without you! managing director of the UK branch of her
2 I've heard that he's been spending a lot of money 9 A Want a lift? Hop in. firm, so she's coming back from the States'
recently. B Great. Can you drop me in the centre? B Oh, that's great news. Let's give her a
3 I'll be seeing Bill this af1ernoon - I'll tell him the 10 A Seen Jim lately? spectacular homecoming party when she gets
good news then. B No, I haven't. I wonder what he's up to at back. Hmmm, She's certainly the career girl of
Apparently, he was overtaking on a bend at 70 the moment. the familY.
mph when they stopped him. A Doing re;,II), well , isn't she?
5 I hadn't seen her since she was a little girl, and lID A long-distance phone call B I know and I'm happy for her. Me? I'm just a
she'd changed beyond all recognition. D Hello? housewife. Four kids, home-made cakes and
6 Nobody will listen to him. He's the kind of guy K Dad! It's me, Kirst)'. home-grown vegetables!
who isn't believed by anyonc. D Kirsty! How are you? How's it all going? A And how are m)' wonderful grandchildren?
7 I haven't been told yet if I've got it. I'll be told in K I'm fine, but still a bit jet-lagged. 3 A We're having a ho use-warming party on the
writing sOll1etime next week. D I can imagine. What exactly is the time difference 12th , Can you come?
S Do you have any idea which address it was sent over there? B Yes, you bet. We'd love to! But I didn't know
to? K It's nine hours ahead. I just can't get used to it. you'd moved.
Last night I lay awake all night and then today A Yeah , two weeks ago. It's much bigger than
lID I nearly fell asleep at work in the middle of a the old one. Huge kitchen and three big
bedrooms.
A At weekends I often don't bother getting up meeting.
'til lunchtime. D You poor thing. And what's work like' . B Sounds great.
B Absolutely! Why bother if you don't have to? K It's early days but, I think it's going to be rcall)' A Yeah. Mind you, there's much more
2 A My parents have never had a cross word in good. It's a big company but everybody's being housework to do!
all their married lives. so kind and helpful. I've been trying to find out B That's a drag!
B Really? Mine are at it all the time. how everything works. 4 A He)" is Carll' coming to the picnic with us?
3 A I don't think I'll ever master this DVD player. D And what about Tokyo? What's it like? Have YOU B I dunno. I don't think so.
B Well, don't ask me, I can't even find the onl seen much of the city yet? . A So, what's she doing then'
offbut10n. K I've seen a bit. It just seems such a big, busy city. B Carll' says she and her parents are visiting her
4 A I was saying to a friend just the other day I don't see how I'll ever find m)' way round it. grandmother. Her grandmother's sick and
that I hadn't seen you for ages. D I know. Big cities can seem really strange and housebound so they have to go and heIp,
B I know. How long has it been? frightening at first. Is it anything like London? A OK. Cool. I'll see her another time then.
124 Tapescripts 1.1-1.7

DO even if he's telling something dreadful. But what do
I take ... erm .. . with me? I always travel with a bag
by the emperor Kublai Khan. He was one o f the
first Europeans to visit the territory, and he
]'m going away for two weeks. Do )'OU think you
could possibly water my house plants for me? of snacks, ... erm ... I don't know why, because 1'111 travelled extensively. He went over mountain
terr ... er ... I'm just terrified of, of being hungry ranges, down rivers, a nd across deserts. He stayed
2 Don ' t worry, I know how house-proud you are.
while I'm travelling and not finding an ything I want in China for seventeen years. When he left, he
]'11 make sure everything stays clean and tidy.
3 Let's give her a spectacular homecoming party to eat. Gosh, I didn't, I didn't think I was so fussy took back a fortune in gold and jewellery. He
there you go! arrived back home in 1295. He wrote a book
when she gets back from New York.
called Ti,e Tl"llveis of Marco Polo, which gave
4 Me? I'm just a housewife. Four kids, home-made Chris
I think the thing I miss most when I go away for an
Europeans their first information about China
cakes and home-grown vegetables!
5 We're having a house-warming party on the 12th. extended period, on holiday or whatever ... er .. and the Far East.
Can )'OU come? I'll give you our new address. especially if I go away abroad is probably Sunday Tommy Willis, backpacker in Asia
6 Mind you, with it being much bigger, there's morning, and by that I really mean a lazy Sunday Tommy Willis is in Fiji. He's on a nine-month
much more housework to do! morning when I can get up fairly late, wander down backpacking trip round south-east Asia. He flew
7 Her grandmother's sick and housebound so they to the newsagent's, buy the newspaper, come back into Bangkok five months ago. Since then, he's
have to go and help . with a croissant and make a big pot of coffee, and been to Vietnam, Hong Kong, South Korea, and
spend ... er ... at least the morning and maybe a japan. He's visited royal palaces and national parks
DO Things I miss from home large part of the day just sitting around reading the in South Korr", and climbed to the summit of
Andrew paper, drinking coffee and relaxing, Mount Fuji in Japan. He's becn staying in cheap
Well, the thing I miss most when I'm away from hostels, along with a lo t of other young people.
home is definitely listening to the radio, and the om 'I've met a lot of really great people, but it hasn't
all been easy,' said Tommy. 'I've had di arrhoea a
way I get round this, particularly when I go away for A Great to see you. Come on in.
two, three or four months or something, is to take B I was just passing and thought I'd drop in. few times, and I've been pickpocketed once. I've
a small short wave radio that 1 found and take great 2 A Excuse me, d ,lIl't I know you from also been mugged, which was really scary.' Apart
trouble to tune in this short wave radio to get an somewhere? from that, his only wo rry is the insects. He's been
English language station, something like the World B No, I don't think so. stung all over his body. He's been travelling mainly
Service. And I'm there, waving the aerial around 3 A What d'you mean you're not coming? by public transport - bus, train, and ferry, but
and twiddling the knob, and trying to find the B Well, I just don't feel up to going out tonight. when he's been able to afford it, he's also taken th e
correct kind of station, but then suddenly when 4 A I think I'll have the chocolate mousse. What occasional plane. He's looking forward to taking
it all comes in, and you can hear it, it's great, it about you? things easy for another week, then setting off again
really makes me feel like I'm back home, back in B Let me see. No, actually, I don't think I'll for Australia. 'Once you've got the travel bug, it
my bedroom tuning into weird programmes on bother with dessert. becomes very hard to stay in the same place for too
wonderful subjects really. 5 A My flatmate can't make it to your picnic. long,' he said.
Helen B Really! That's a drag. I was hoping to meet her.
When I'm away from home for any length of time, 6 A How come you're not having a holiday this DB
something that I really have to have with me is my year? He's been stung all over his body.
hair straighteners, ... erm ... I can't bear to wake up B We just can ' t afford it. He's visited royal palaces.
in the morning and be without them, because my 7 A You'l\make yourself ill if you carry on He's been sta)~ng in cheap hostels.
hair is most unruly, and I would feel very working at that pace. I've been pickpocketed and mugged.
uncomfortable having gone out without B That's as maybe but I have to get this finished I've met a lot of really great people.
straightening my hair beforehand, so I have to take by Friday. He's been to Vietnam and Japan.
those with me whenever I stay with friends or go on S A I've got you the last two tickets for the show.
holiday. B Fantastic! I knew you'd swing it for us. DB
When and where was he born?
Gabriele
When I'm alVay for a little bit longer, ... errn '"
IIIII See p 15 In 1254 in Venice.
2 How long did it take to travel to China'
what I do miss are my two cats and I do take a
photo of them. That sounds very silly but I like to
IIIEJ See plS3 Four years.
3 How long did he Slay in China'
see them from time to time.
Paul
om 4
For seventeen vears.
What did he t;ke back to Venice?
A Excuse me, don't I know YOU from somewhere'
Erm ... if I'm away from home for a while, what B Actually, I don't think so: Gold and jewellery.
I usually miss most is my bed. I like a good solid A Weren't you at Gavin's house last week? 5 What was his book called'
bed. Er ... in particular what I find I miss if I'm in B Not me. I don't know anyone called Gavin. The Travels of Marco Polo.
a hotel is a pillow that I like. I do find that hotels A Well, someone who looked just like you was 6 How long has he been away from home?
have this incredible knack of providing pillows that there. For five months.
you just can't sleep with - there always seems to be B Well, that's as maybe but it certainly wasn't me. 7 Which places has he been to?
tlVO pillows on the bed and if you use one it's never A I am sorry! Thailand, Vietnam, Hong Kong, South Korea,
enough, and if you use both of the pillows, your and japan.
head seems to be just stuck up in the air - so I have 2 A JilI' Hi! Great to see vou.
8 Where's he been staying?
thought of taking a pillow with me but that seems a B Well, I was just pass(ng and I thought I'd drop
in and say 'hello'. I n cheap hostels.
bit excessive. Erm .. . but again connected with sleep, 9 How many times has he had diarrhoea?
one thing I always do take with me is ear plugs. I A Corne on in! Have a cup of coffee'
B You're sure? You're not too busy' A few tilnes.
find they're absolutely invaluable, if you're not sure 10 Has he been pickpocketed?
where you're going to be in a hotel and if it's very A Never too busy to talk to you.
B Thanks jo. It'd be really nice to have a chat. Yes,oncc.
noisy, as long as you're quite used to sleeping with
ear pi ugs ... er ... they can be wonderful'cause you
don't need to worry about traffic and people making
A Fantastic! Let me take your coat.
DB
I Alan
a lot of noise in the next room.
They are ... one of the most eerie ... and -er strange
Sylvia UNIT 2 experiences you can possibly have. The first time I
Well, when I'm away from home .. . erm ... there saw them, they appeared as a kind of shimmering
are several things I miss, the usual ones, my children curtain, over the top of a ridge of mountains, and
of course, and a good cup of tea , .. erm ... but the), went from a greeny colour to a kind of purpl)'
something I realize I do miss is, is the news, and 1m Marco Polo 1254-1324
red colour. And they just stayed there. The second
it's not, it's not that other countries don't have any Marco Polo was the first person to travel the entire tin1e I saw them. it was the Inost amazing sight
news, but I'm very attached to a particular news 8,000 kilometre length of the Silk Route, the main because they were right above our heads, and thc)'
programme and a particular presenter, and if they're trade link between Cathay (China) and the West for covered the whole of the sky. The other interesting
not around to tell me the news, I can't quite believe over two thousand years. He was born in Venice, thing is that -er not everybody hears it, but they
it. It's very odd - doesn't happen with papers, I'm the son of a merchant. In 1271, when he was 17, he sometimes make a sound, a kind of -er buzzing
happy to read another paper but on the telly I like set off for China. The journey took him four years. noise. It was a real sense of wonder and awe. I just
to see, I like to see a familiar face and ... erm ... the His route led him through Persia, Afghanistan, kind of sat there with nw mouth hanging open, just
same background colours and it's all very reassuring, and Mongolia. He travelled by boat, but mainly on feeling kind of small.
horseback, and he frequently got lost. He was J11et
Tapescripts 1,8-2.4 125

2 James Was there a time at which you sort of felt 'Yeah, I Did that make it easier for you socially, o r . . . or
You start at the bottom of the valley, and slowl)' quite enjoy this travelling', or was it ... ? It sounds not so easyl
make your way up the hill, -er about a seven-hour alm ost a bit of a chore, the way you deSCribe It at TErm ...
hike until you get to a camp. Then you get up very the moment. I Being different in that way, in that you'd ,
early the next morning, about four o'clock, in order T No, it was never a chore. I always really enjoyed travelled sort of more than anyone, really, hadn t
to get there for the sunrise. You ,."alk for an hour it. I think I was quite comfortable. Mum used to you l .
or so, and suddenly you reach tillS POll1t where say that when I was two years old she just put me T I think it had its pros and cons. I thtnk for a
you're looking down on this ancient city, just as the down and I just ran off. And she wouldn't see me number of years, especially around probably
sun is breaking through the clouds. It's the most and then someone would pick me up and bring thirteen to sixteen, I felt backward, I think, 'cos I
extraordinary sight. And you walk around in the me back. I was quite happy fitting in everywhere. didn't really know how to get along with kids my
total silence of a city that's more than five hundred What do you think were your, your best age and my own culture and country and stuff.
years old. At that point it's invaded by thousands of memories of travelling? 1 mean, what can you The kids at school seemed to be cool, and tbey bad
tourists, and -er it's time to go. actually remember that still stands out years on? things going on, watch TV, and this programme
T From when I was much younger' was good, and I was never up to date with all
3 Willow that stuff, so I was constantly being pulled out of
I Yes.
We got up about five o'clock in the mon~ing. We TErm . . . Africa, when I think [was around eight, it and brought back. But at the same time, I did
went to the site, and set off. Because you re floatll1g have that, like I'd seen things, I knew things, and
or nine. We had . .. we went on safaris there, and
with the wind, there is no breeze on you, and it got chased by an elephant, had lion cubs jumping stuff - just a broader view of life I gu ess.
really was like . .. flying like a bird. You could look There is a view of travelling that you become a
around the . . . erm ... safari bus, monkeys
down on everyone, and they were all so small, lIke kind of world citizen, and the world is )'our home.
swinging off the ... erm ... rear-view mirrors,
ants. It was just amazing, and so silent. And we and things. So that was .. . and trekking in Nepal T Melbourne's definitely m y home. But I do feci
landed about seven o'clock, and suddenly we were comfortable anywher,e, particularly in Asia, I
is so mething I'll always remember. The getting
back with the rest of civilization. It was just the most
up at like four in the morning and looking over don't know ... I think I'm a real ... I just feel like
beautiful experience . all the mountains, and then just walking all day, I'm coming home when I go back to Asia. And
talking to porters, and coming into villages, and after living for a year in Paris, I love going back
DB all the kids running out and seeing you, and there, but it's not reaUy my home, I guess. No,
When you go for a job interview, it's important things. There's lots of amazing experiences. Melbourne is definitely my home.
to make a good impression. I Is there anywhere YOll fe ... don't feel comfortable?
2 I think we're all getting tired. Can I make a lID Parttwo TErm ... I haven't found that place yet! But you
suggestion? How about a break? I And when )'OU were on these travels, [ mean, did never know, I might. I haven 't been everywhere.
3 A lot of research has been done into the causes of your Dad sort of have a notebook, and he'd be Your mother's not so tong ago written a book
cancer. sort of stopping everywhere ... ? about travelling with children, hasn't she? Is
4 I think the di rector is basically doing a good job. T Constantly. travelling ... would . .. is that, is that something
He's reliable, he's honest, and he gets results. I ... and writing detailed notes of everywhere? you'd sort of advocate, travelling with children'
5 I'd like to make it clear right now that I am T Yeah, he's always got pen and paper and three or \Nould you travel with . .. will you travel with
totally opposed to this idea. your own children?
fou r guidebooks and other people's guidebooks
6 Right. I think we should make a start and get and so on. T Yeah, definitely. I thin k . .. I mean . .. it's a time
down to business. And that must have made travelling a lot slower where your ideas, your personality is being
7 I don't mind if we go now or later. It makes no formed, and I think .. . it can only benefit you.
for you as a family .
difference to me. Really. I think it's something ... And you doo't
T Oh, no. He's hectic, Dad. He's ... \'ie land in a
8 Could you do me a favour and lend me some have as much time to do these things when
country, his feet hit the ground, and he takes off.
money till tomorrow? \Ve don't stop for two seconds. He gets up and you're older, so try to fit as much of it in as you
goes out before we get up, comes back, gets us can when you're younger. Definitely.
DO up, takes us to breakfast, we rush around all the So you'll continue travelling yourself, will you, do
We've bought an old house. We're going to do it sights, see everything, stop for one drink here, you think?
up over the next few years. lun ch somewhere else, dinner somewhere else, T I hope so. I really ca n't handle being in one place
2 I'm so thirsty. I could do with a cup of tea. after dinner drink somewhere else, takes us back for too long. I get very itchy-footed.
3 I think we should do away with the Olympic to the hotel and he goes out again, and goes on
Games. They're a waste of time. And expensive.
4 I could never do without my personal assistant.
all night. IDiI
I Amazingly exhausting! I How's your steak? 15 it OK?
She organizes everything for me. T Ah, it is! It's really exhausting! It got to a point 2 We were all going on holiday to Spain next
where me and my brother . . . what we really liked week. We were really looking forward to it, but
lID about travelling for a while was sitting at home my father's been quite ill so we had to cancel the
Thieves broke into the castle and made off with watching movies and getting room service. That holiday.
jewellery and antique paintings. was quite exciting and different for us. 3 A Has Ann had the baby yet? It must be due
2 Jake's parents buy him loads of toys. They're This raises the question, of course, travel any time now.
trying to make up for always being at work. broadening the mind, as ... as ... is often said. B Oh, yes. Haven't you heard? She didn't have
3 What do you make of the ne,,, boss? [ quite like Do you think it does? one baby. She had three! Tom's the father of
him . T Yeah, definitely. I don't think you can travel triplets!
4 You didn't believe his story, did you? He made and not have your mind broadened. We saw 4 Mind your head as you come through this door.
the whole thing up. everything, we ran around, and it was hectic, but It's very low.
lID Tashi Wheeler - girl on the move
at the same time, you knew it was an experience
wh ile you were doing it, especially as you got
S
6
Do be careful. That bowl's really heavy.
Did you know that they eat horse-meat in some
I = Interviewer T = Tashi older. And you value it. And still do. countries? And snails.
Part one 7 Look! Isn't that Peter over there, sitting on his
I Now, travelling. Enn ... when did you start [IIIlJ Part three own?
travelling? I was going to say, we've talked a bit about, you 8 Sarah told me that you hated me. She said that
T When I was eight months old . know, when you were really young. What about you never wanted to see me ever again l
I And where did you go? as )'ou got older? I mean, how did the sort of 9 I saw julie yesterday.
TErm I think we did a lot of South .. . yeah we experience and feel of it change, as you became IO Tomorrow's test has been cancelled!
did a lot of South East Asia when I was younger.
And Galapagos Islands, Philippines, and stuff
like that.
say a teenager, and ... mid- teenage years and so
on'
T You always wanted to stay home, summer
om A How's your steak? Is it OK?
And your first memories . . . OK, eight months, holidays. I mean, just before you go away ... B Mmm l It's absolutely delicious! Just the way
you started, but you presumably don't ... there'd be all your friends having holidays and I like it.
T ... don't remember. things, and you'd want to stay and hang out. 2 A We were all goi ng on holiday to Spain next
I What are your first memories of travelling? But at the same time you knew you were doing week. We were really looking forward to it,
TErm . .. airports. Erm ... what else? Beaches. It something different, and everyone's always asking but my father's been quite ill, so we had to
was a lot in Asia at the time, so it was always hot. you about where you've been, and what you're cancel the holiday.
Big fruit drinks, and ... I don't know, lots of bus doing, so you know you ... it's a privileged BAh! What a shame! You must be so
rides. situation, and you're lucky to have it. disappointed!
126 Tapescripts 2,5-2.12

A Has Ann had the baby yet' It must be due 2 A There was this story the other day about lID The money jigsaw
all\' time now. this woman mountain climber ... I = Interviewer R = Rachel
B 01;, yes. Haven't you heard' She didn ' t have B Uh huh. What about her? I • Well and one of those girls, Rachel Aumann, is
one baby. She had three! Tom's the father of A \Vell, she was stuck 011 top of a mountain, and on the line now as we speak. Good morning to
triplets' she only managed to escape by sending text you, Rachel.
A Wow! That's unbelievable! How amazing' messages. R Good morning.
Triplets! That'll keep them bus)'! B Gosh! Where did this happen? I Erm ... extraordinary, this. You saw these bits of
A Mind your head as you co me through this A In the Swiss Alps, I think. She was climbing bank notes just blowing in the wind'
door. It's vcry loll'. with a partner. They'd been climbing for three R Yeah, it lVas ... erlll ... like really out of the
B Ouch' That really hurt' hours when the)' got trapped in a terrible ordinary. We were just walking to school and
A I told you! Well, it isn't bleeding, but you'll stonl). there's ripped lip notes flying all over the Ooor.
have a nice bruise. B You're kidding! And then we traced it to like a bin, so that's
S A Do be careful. That bowl's really heavy. A No. But they built a shelter or something, and where the ... the big bag was full of them.
B Whoops' So rry about that! I dropped it! thev hid in that. I How big a bag?
Don't worry. I'll get you a new one. B Th~n what happened? R Erm .. .
6 A Did you know that the), eat horse- meat in A She started sending text messages to friends I Like a bin bag or something?
some countries? And snails. in London, and one of them sent a text back R No, actually, not that big ... erm ... it's about,
B Yuk! That's disgusting! You wouldn't catch saying that the mountain rescue teams in I think it was like a Sainsbury's bag, like one of
rne eating that! Switzerland had been cOlllactecl. those.
7 A Look' Isn't that Peter over there, sitting on B Uh huh. And it was just jammed full of torn-up banknotes,
his own? A They tried to find them , bur the weather was what fivers and tet1l1ers and that sort of thing'
B Hey, Peter! Come ovcr here and sit with us. too bad - storms and everything. R Yeah, just fives, tens, twenties.
Let's have a chat. B Oh, no! I And how little were the pieces?
8 A Sarah told me that you hated me. She said A Anyway, they were rescued the next night, and R Enn .. . some were bigger than stamp sizes.
that you never wanted to see me ever again' now they're safe and sound. I That small though'
B Uh? That's nonsense! What a stupid thing to B Thank goodness for that! R Yeah, some weI'; smaller.
say! You know it's not true. 3 A I was reading in the paper the other day about I And 50 what did vou do? You took them to the
9 A I saw Julie yesterday. a schoolbol' who hacked into the United police or someth;'ng?
B Oh, really? How interesting' I haven 't seen State~ military computers. R Erm we, we had to go to school so we went to
her for ages. How is she' B No' Really? How old was he' 17' IS? school and then ... erm ... after school we were
10 A Tomorrow's test has been cancelled. A Actually he was only 14. playing outside around ... el'lll . .. like on the
B Phew! What a relief! Thank goodness for B How did he do it~ same road and ... erm ... when the police arrived
that! I hadn't done any revising for it at all. A Well, he'd developed his own software we were, we went over then and started talking to
IDD Seep25
program, and he'd been using this to
download films and music from the Internet.
th em and telling them when we found it.
I And they took them away at that stage, did the)'?
B I don't get it. What's that got to do with the R Yeah.
il1D US military' I And then what happened?
I've just won [25,000 in a competition l A Well, he'd figured that if he broke into these R Erm ... they kept them for like a long time 'cos
2 Let 's have a long coffee break! powe rful military computers, he could use there's a certain amount of months that they
3 Maria, you wrote 'at Rome' instead of 'in Rome'. them to download stuff even faster, so he have to keep them before you, they can give them
4 We we~e stuck in a traffic jam for four hours! wasn't really trying to get to their secrets. back.
5 Look at the state of the kitchen' It hasn't beell B Oh, I see. I bet they were worried, though. I Right.
cleaned for weeks! A They were. They got in touch with Scotland R And I think they went to the Royal Bank of
6 Rain, rain, rain . Yard, and this boy was tracked down to his England and to Scotland Yard and ... erm ...
7 The teacher told us to learn the dictionary for house in North London. when ... erm ... they said yeah, it's real money
homework! B And he's only 14! They should give him a job! ... erm ... they gave it back and we put it
8 ,Ve hadn't heard from our daughter for a together.
month, then she phoned last night
9 My sister sa),s it's possible to learn French in
lID You say you put it together, but tiny bits of bank
He was wearing ordinary clothes. notes it must have taken you forever to do ... [
three months! He'd been talking about doing it for ages. mean, what a jigsaw puzzle!
10 Yesterday [ got a tax bill for S20,000. A friend had dared him to do it. R Yeah it's taken ages 'cos it's been about a year
She was climbing with a partner. and we still haven '( finished.
They were rescued the next night. I So how many have you got left now then?
R Erm ... we have all the fives to do and just a few
UNIT 3 lID twenties but the tens are all finished.
This is the six o'clock news. Extraordinary' Is it ... how much time do you
Ten workers have been rescued from an accident spend doing this?
DB 400 feet beneath the streets of London. They had R Erm ... well when we first got it we did like half
A Did you read that story about the guy who spent the past 36 hours trapped underground. They an hour, an hou r a day but then as like time
went over the Niagara Falls' had been digging a tunnel for a Jlew Underground passed we just slowly like died down and didn't
B No. What happened to him? Did he die? line when the roof collapsed. Sixty men managed do as much.
A No, he survived, amazingly enough. to escape immediately, but two were fatally injured. But I'm trying to picture you doing this. What
B Really? But I suppose he was wearing some Last night the ten men were recovering in hospital. do you do, do you stick bits of sellotape or
kind of protection. An investigation into the cause of the accident is due something, or do yOll stick them onto a piece of
A That's the incredible thing. He was just to sta rt tomorrow. paper or what?
wearing ordinary clothes. He just jumped ill, R Well you have to get, you get the two serial
fell down 180 feet, and somehow managed to numbers and ... erln ... then you have to get
avoid hitting the rocks. Three children who had been missing for two days like a little bit from the middle of the note and
B That's amazing' What did he do it for? havc been found safe and weIl. The three ten-year so once you've got that, you just put sticky tape
A Apparentl), he just did it for a dare. He'd been oIds disappeared after school on Wednesday. Police on the back of them so that they all stay together
talking about doing it for ages. A friend had had issued photographs of the three, and had been and put it in a bag.
dared him to do it. searching nearby houses. They were eventually Good heavens! And you're going to carryon
B What a crazy guy! spotted by a neighbour, who alerted the police. They doing it, eh?
A You're not kidding. The strange thing is, said they had slept Ollt in a garden shed for a dare, R Yeah, hopefully.
before he jumped, people around him said and hadn't realized the concern they had caused. I £1200sofar?
he'd been smiling. R Erm ... yeah.
B Wow! How weird! I And how much do you reckon you will be worth
at the end of it all?
R Erm ... I think we if stick to it we could probably
get about £2,000.
TapeSCiipts 2.13-3.5 127

Well, I think that you've earned every penny of DB 2 Carolyn
I can think of a, a time recently when I had to tell
it, Rachel. Thank you very much. Who did she give it to?
R Thank you. 2 What do you lVant to havc a word about' a white lie which was ... erm ... basically when a
3 Who did yo u study with? friend of min e got married. Erm ... it, they actually
DO 4 What do you need it for? got married in America because his wifc's Am erican,
so I didn't go to the wedding but they, they were
A Jadc's got a new job. 5 Who did you get it from?
B A new iob? Good for her' 6 Who did you buy it for? showing me the photos and ... erm ... basically she
A Appar~ntly, she's going to work in a castle. 7 What are YOU thinking about> looked absolutely awful she had a really horrible
B Is she' How amazing! 8 Where do'you want a'lift to' dress on that really did nothing for her figure and
A Yes. And it's in Slovenia. didn't suit her at all and just looked much older
B [n Slovenia? That's interesting. lID Seep36 than she really is and quite frumpy, but ... erm
A Unfortunately, her boss can't speak much English. . .. yes obviollsly you can't sa)' that when you see
B Can't he' I thought everyonc could these days! so meonc's wedding pictures, so I said 'that's really
pretty, you look really lovely'. I fclt really horrible
lID Seep33
A Don't you like ice-cream?
B No. I knoll' it's weird, but I never have done.
as a res ult.
Not cven vanilla. 3 Kik.i
lID A Don't you like learning English? One lie 1 can remember telling was when I lost a
A Sam wants to apologize. B No, actually, I don't. I think it's really necklace that my grandmother had made for me
B Does he? difncult. especially - it had a 'K' on it. And I know where I
A Yes. He's brokcn your mother's Chinese vase. 3 A Don't you like your neighbours? lost it, I lost it at a frien d's house because ... erm ...
B My mother's Chinese vase? Oh, no! B Well, they're all right , but they m~ke a lot of I was having a very good time and wasn't taking care
2 A We had a terrible holiday. noise. of it and I lied and told her it had been stolen in a
B Did you? 4 A Haven't you ever been abroad? robbery we had at our ho use. And to this day I've
A Yes. It rained all the tim e. B Not really. I went to Scotland once, but that's never told her what happened to it. But sometimes
B Did it? not really abroad, is it? when she mentions thin gs like 'Ooh I should get you
A Yes. And thc food was disgusting! A Haven't you got a TV at home? another one', .. . er ... it comes back to me.
B Was it? What a drag! B No. We must be the only people ill the whole 4 Sean
3 A I'm broke. world without a telly. The first lie I (an really remember ... erm ... was
B Are you? How come? 6 A Isn't it Tuesday today? when I was at school. I must have been about fiv e or
A Because I iust had a phone bill for £500. B Yep. It follows on from Monday. six years old and I was in the playground and I was
B £500? Wh)' so much? 7 A Isn't this your pen? just about to get into a fight and ... erm ... the only
A Because my best friend's in Korea. B No, it isn't, actually. Mine's blue. That's way I could think of defen ding myself was to say .. .
B Is he? How interesting' black. erm ... 'You can't hit me, [ go to judo lessons'. Erm
4 A It took me three hours to get hcre. 8 A Didn't you go to the States last year? . .. and I don 't know where it came from , I'd never
B Did it? B You bet. All dOlVn the east coast from Boston done judo in my life and ... erm ... I wasn't even
A Yes. There was a traffic jam ten miles long. to Florida. sure what judo was, but people left me alone ... erm
B Ten miles long? That's awful! 9 A Aren't you going to the races next weekend' ... because they thought I did judo. Enn ... but then
A Now I've got a headache! B Uh huh. I'm really looking forward to it! people started to take an interest, they asked me
B Have you l Poor darling. !'II get you something
for it. DO My mate Norman
where I went, and when the lessons were, how much
they cost, and ... erm ... eventually somebody's
5 A I'm on a mountain, watching the sun set. Part one mother rang my mother to get details of, of these
B Are you? My mate Norman's a funny guy. He's an insomniac, judo lessons, which was when I had to admit that
A Yes. And I've got something very important to and he's dyslexic. He's single, unemployed, and lives it was all, it was all a lie and .. . erm ... it was a bit
tell you . all alone in a tiny one-roomcd flat without even embarrassing really.
B Have you? What is it? I can 't wait! a pet for company. Also he's vegetarian. Hc's -er
A You'd better sit down. I'd like us to move here 5 Kate
pretty anti-social, actually.
for good. I do remember ... erm ... possibl)' the first time
B Move there? Wow! Part two I, I told a lie as a child because it had some rathe r
I went round to see him last Sunday. As I walked up unpleasant consequences ... erm ... this happened
the drive, his cat followed me. His wife answered the when I was about ... er ... maybe four or five years
door, ,md she called for Norman to come downstairs old, and I had been ... erm ... playing with the
UNIT 4 and join us in the living room. He was in a bad dressing-up box that we had in our children 's
mood because he'd overslept that morning. The playroom, which was an enormous box full of
night before all his friends from his office had been wonderful ... crm ... clothes, and you could be
there. They'd had a barbecue in the garden with a princess, you could be a soldier, you could be
1m steaks and burgers. One of his favourite pastimes whatever, whatever you found in the dressing up box .
Oh dear! It's not that I dislike her child, I just is doing crosswords, and while he was talking to And I was playing with our pet cat, and I put him in
don't want to babysit tonight. I fancied a quiet me, he was doing one of those big puzzles from the the box, and [ left him there, and I shut the lid for
evening in, and there's a programme all TV newspaper. hours and hours and hours and - I was four or five, I
I want to watch. Maybe Nicky could babysit 'So how are you, Norman?' I asked him. forgot about him - and I went off and did something
instead. 'KO, mate, KO. How about you?' else and didn't think any more of it, and ",hen my
2 There's this group of lads you see - they're always
chasing me and I don't think it's for fun. But I lID My most memorable lie
mother asked after the cat, ... erm ... struck with
horror, I lied and, and said that I hadn't seen him,
ca n' t tell my mum and dad - if they find out, Andrew
I and I hadn't played with him, and I probably said
they'll go to the head teacher and complain and Well, one lie I can remember from when I was 'and I didn't put him in the dressing-up box' because
that would make everything much worse. younger was when, with a friend in the basemen t of my mother went and found him, and I do remember
I-low do you tell someone when they look awful? l11y house, we we re playing pool, 'cos we had a pool telling this lie because I was spanked for it.
That dress doesn't suit her at all. But I don't table down there, and decided to smoke our first
know how to tell her. She obviously thinks she cigarettes, these fantastic gold-filtered cigarettes, I
looks great in it. remember - quite expensive - and halfway through A Gary's a really successful businessman.
4 Ricky and I are playing football, but I daren't the second or third cigarette, my dad came home, B Yeah, but he's a complete failure as a family
tell my dad - hc'd kill me. I've got an important who was very anti-smoking, and we stubbed out our man. He never sees his children.
exam next week and I haven't done a thing for it. cigarettes and pushed them through a kind of grate A My grandad's so ge nerous he gives me £20
I haven't a clue when I'll be back. underneath the window and he found them about every tinle r see hinl.
S I know I'm not really ill. But it 's a bea utiful day a day latcr and he asked me if these, you know, if B Lucky you! My grandad's famous for his
and I don't want to sit in a stuffy office all day. I knew what these cigarette stubs were all about, meanness. A fiver every birthday, if he
I'm off to play golf. I never have days off usually. if I'd been smoking, and I completely denied all remenibers.
6 I don't carc who it is. I had a latc night and I feel knowledge of these cigarettes and in fact pool, and 3 A Well, Henry, I'm pleased there's been sOllie
really rough this Illorning. Tell them 1'111 in an the basement, and everything else. improvement in your behaviour this term ...
im portant meeting and I don't want be disturbed
but sadly your work has got worse.
at the moment. B Didn't I do OK in the test then?
128 Tapescripts 3.6- 4.7

4 A You're not going bungee-jumping! It sounds 7 A ''''auld you like nlC to help you with this 4 What am I doing tomorrow, you sal" Well,
really dangerous. exercise? I think I know the answers. it's Thursday tomorrow, so I'll be doing what I
B No, honestly, it's safe enough as long as you're B That's really kind of you but I want to tr), and always do on a Thursday. My daughter will co me
careful. work it out for myself. Thanks an),way. to see me, she'll be bringing the little ' uns, and
5 A Our teacher is always criticizing us. I feci 8 A Excuse me. Would you mind 110t whistling? we'll all have a cup of tea and a good old chat.
useless. B I'm sorry. I didn't realize 1 was. And I'll bake a cake. A sponge cake with jam in
B I know - it 's not fair, he should give us more A That's OK. it. The\' like that.
encouragement if he wants us to work hard. 5 At the 'moment I'm packing, because tomorrow
mD I'm going to France for a year. I'm going to stud),
A=Anna B =Ben H =Henry K = Kim literature at the Sorbonne. My plane leaves at
A What a borin" dinner' B Kim! Hello' Great to see you. Come on in. Let 10.30. My mum and dad are taking me to the
B You're right, it wasn't exactly an exciting me take your coat. airport. I have absolutely no idea how I'm going
evening. K Thanks ;'er), much. Oh, these arc for )'ou. to carry all this lot.
A I don't know about )'ou, but I thollght the A I,Vhat lovel\' flowers' How kind of VOU' Thank 6 Well, (work in the City. In the next feIV vears
holiday was awful. ),ou so mu~h. No\\', Ben, I don 't th'ink you I'm going to be ev('n n;ore successful. J h'ope I'll
B Well, it wasn't the most fun I've had. know Henry' l.et me introduce YOLi. Henry, be earning twice what I'm getting now. I've set
A I can't believe how mean Jane is' thi s is Ben. myself this goal. Before I'm twenty-five I'll have
B Mm J1l l11, I suppose she's not famous fo r her B Hello, Henr),. Nice to meet )'ou. I've heard a lo t made a mi ll ion.
generosity. about you.
4 A That was a really difficult exam! I couldn't do H Oh, I I;opc it was all good'
a thing. B Where exactly are you from, Henry? She's goi ng to study psychology.
B Too right, I've seen easier papers. H Well , I'm Canadian. I was born in Saskatoon It lasts three years.
but I've bee n working in the US for the last He's going to a football match.
DO couple of ),ears. The match starts at 3.00.
I'm sorry to bother you, but could you possibly B That's interesting. And what arc you doing in 3 Because they're going to move to a new house.
change a ten-pound note? Lo ndon' Her daughter and grandchildren will be visiting.
H ;J VC you got change for a ten -pou nd note H \ Vork, I'm sorry to say. Actually, we're on our They'll ha ve a cup o f tea and a chat.
Where's the station' wa)' to Amsterdam for a conference, and we 5 Because she's going to France for a year.
Could you tell me where the station is, please' thought we'd stop over in London to see Anna. Her mother and fa ther are taking her.
3 A This is a present for you. We all used to work togethe r in New York. 6 He's going to be successful. He'll be earning a
B For me! Oh, how kind! You shouldn't have , B And how do you find London, Henry' Is it like lot of mone~'. He'll have made a million pounds
really. Thank you so much. home, or is it very different? before he's twenty-five.
C Thi s is a present for you. H Well, it's verY different from Saskatoon and
D Thanks. New York r I 'know London quite well, actually, IDJ
4 A Can you co me to dinner on Tuesday? I always love it here. Which university is she going to'
B No, we can't. B Noll', Kim. What would you like to drink? 2 Who's he going to the match with' Who's playing?
C Can you COIlle to dinner on Tuesday' K Oh, could I have a Coke' No, sorry, I'll have an 3 I,,yhen will the new house be readv?
DOh, what a pity! we're a]"eady going out, I'm orange juice, if that's OK. What sort of cake is she going to bake?
afraid. B Right. I'll just get that for you. 5 What time does her plane leave'
C Oh well, never mind' K Thanks. 6 How much will he be earning'
D But, thanks for the invitation anyway. A Right, everybody. Dinner's ready. Come and sit
5 A Excuse me! Do you mind if I sit 'd o,;'n here? down. Kim, can you sit next to Henry'
B No, not at all. K Yes, of course. I'm very excited. I'm going to see all my family
C Is anyone sitting here' A Kim, help yourself. Would you like some this weekend.
D No. Parmesan parsnips' I don't know if I havc time to comc this evening.
6 A Can you give me a hand? I need to carry this K Parmesan parsnips? I don't think I've ever had I'll see.
box upsta irs. them. What are they? 2 So you 're off to the States for a ycar' What arc
B OK, if)'ou like. A Well, they're parsnips coated in Parmesan you going to do there?
C 1 wonder if 1 could possibly ask )'OU a favour' cheese and roa sted' Would you like to try I'm sure you will pass your exams, but what will
Would you mind helping me with this box? S0 I11C! )'ou do if you don 't?
D No, not at all. K Well, I'd love to but I'd better not - cheese 3 I'll come with vou if YOU like.
doesn't always agree with me. I'm coming with you' whether you like it or not.
iDIlJ See p43 B Another orange juice, perh aps? 4 Your school report is terrible. What arc )'ou
K No , I'm alright, thanks vcr)' much. But d'you going to do about it?
think I could have a glass of water? What are you doing this evening'
A Do yo u think you could give me a lift to the B Yes, of cou rse. Sparkling or still? 5 I've had enough of her lazy attitude. I'm going to
station' K Just tap water would be fine. That's great. Thanks give her a good talking to.
B I'm terribl y sorry, I can't. I have to be at work a lot. I'm giving a prcsentation at 3.00 this afternoon.
by 8,30. I'll order you a taxi, though. A Well, bon appetit evel')'one' I'm scared stiff.
2 A Could you possibly help me find m)' glasses' 6 John' Peter is leaving 110W. Co me and say
I can't find them anywhere. goodbye.
B Sorr),! I'm afraid I h:1I'e to dash or I'll miss the The coach leavcs at 9.00, so dOIi 't be latc.
bus. I'm hopeless at finding things an),way. UNIT S I I'll see you olltside the cinema at 8.00.
3 A Hi! Listen, would )'ou like to come round I'll be seeing Peter this afternoon, so I'll tell him
for a meal tornorrow evening? J'ln cooking vour news
Chinese. DB 8 ~(ou'll hav~ SCen enough of me by the end of this
B Oh, I'd love to, but I'm afraid I'm already I d id my A-levels a fell' months ago, and I've just holiday.
going out. got m)' results. Fortunately, they're good, so I'm I'm going to make a sUCcess of m)' life. You'll see.
A Oh, what a shame! Another time perhaps, going to study psychology at Bristol University,
4 A Would you mind lending me your dictionary' The course lasts three years.
B I would if I could but I'm afraid I forgot to It's Saturday tomorrow, so I'm going to see the This is your captain speaking. Good morning, ladies
bring it with me today. Sorry. football with Illy boy and some mates. Oxford and gentlemen. Welcome on board this British
5 A Hi, it's Susan here. Could I ask you a big United are playing Bristol Rovers. It'll be a great Airways flight to Rome, In a very short time we'll be
favour' I wonder if vou could look after ml' game. Kick-ofl' is at 3 o'clock, so IVe'll have a taking off. When we've reached our cruising speed
cat next week' I'm going on holiday, ' quick sandwich before the match. of 550 miles per hour, we'I! be flying at 35,000 feet.
B I'm terribly sorry, Susan, but I can't. I'd love 3 Ivlarie and I are moving into our new house Our flight time toda), is two and a half hours, so
to have Milly, you know I adore cats, but I'm soon, so we're both I'cr), excited. The house will we'll be in Rome in time for IUDCh. The cabin crew
going away myself for a few da)'s. be read)' in three weeks. "'''e're going to decorate will be serving refreshments during the flight. If
6 A Do you happen to know where the toilet is' wh en we 1110\1(' ill. you need any assistancc, just press the button and a
B Sorr),. I'm afraid l'l'e no idea. Ask the waiter, flight attendant will come to help you.
he'll kno\\'.

(Ncar tile elld of thc flight) S Well, what are YOU into? Chinese' lv!exican? I:mJ
[n a few moments' time, the crew will be coming There's that re~lly good Mexican restaurant we A Hello. The Regent Hotel. Kathy speaking.
round with duty-free goods. We will also be giving used to go to on Green Street. How can I help you'
out landing cards. When you have filled them in, A Oh, yeah. What's it called again' B Hello. I wa s wondering if I could book a
place them in your passport. They will be collected S EI Gusto. room ...
as you go through passport control. [n twenty A That's right. Now, I'm driving from Michigan, so
minutes' time we will be landing at Leonardo da I'll be coming into the city frOIll 1-95. Where can A Hello.
Vinci airport. Please put your seats in the upright I park? B Hello, Pal. It's me, Diana.
position. You are requested to remain seated until S There's a parking lot right across from the A Diana! Hi ! How are things'
the plane has come to a complete standstill. We restaurant. B Not bad. Bus)" busy, busy, but life's like that.
hope you will fly again soon with British Airways. A That's great. I'll be leaving about noon , so How's evervthing with vou?
I should be in Chicago about 5, 6 0' clock A Oh, you kn~w, \~e've a(l gOI the flu, and
1m depending on the traffic. Mike's away on business, so I've got to do the
lot. School, shop, kids, cook, clean. It 's great!
Do you think you'll ever be rich? S Where are you sta ying?
I hope so. A At the Days Inn. "Vhat about you? What are you up tn'
[ might one day. SOh, that's good. I'm staying in The Sheraton, just B Thi s and that ...
It's possible, but [doubt it. down the road. We can meet up for coffee. A How's your mother, by the way?
I'm sure [will. A Sounds great' When are you getting in ' B She's a lot better, thanks. Really on the mend.
['m sure I won't. S Well, I've got a direct flight from LA. I think my 3 Welcome to National Phones. To help us deal
Are you going out tonight' pla ne takes off around eleven in the morning and with yo ur call more efficiently, please select one
Yes, I am. lan ds around 4 n' clock Chicago time, and then of the following options.
I think so, but I'm not sure. I've got to get my bags and check in at the hotel. For customer services, press J. To query a bill,
[might be. \OVh)' don't I come to the Days Inn around 6.30' press 2. To request a brochure, press 3.
3 Do you think the world's climate will change I'll meet you in the lobby. To return to the beginning of this menu, press
dramatically in the next fifty years? A All right. That sounds great. Will you call James, the hash key. To speak to an operator, please
I don't think so. or should !? hold.
I hope not. S Uh ... No, don 't worry. I'll call him.
Who knows' Maybe. A OK. So I'll see you in the lobby of th e Days Inn
on the fourteenth.
mD
A Hello. TVS Computers. Samantha speaking. How
DB S Righ t. Around 6.30. can I help you'
The wedding took place in a small village. It was A Got it. Bye. B Good morning. Co uld I speak to your customer
lovely, but it was miles awa),. It took ages to get S Bye-bye. Take care. services department, please'
there.
2 My son's buying cigarettes, but I'll soon put a mIl The reunion
A Certainly. Who's calling?
B This is Keith jones.
stop to that. I won't give him any more pocket J =James S = Sam A (pallse) 1'111 afraid the line 's busy at the moment.
money. J Hello. Isla Bonita travel. Will you hold'
Please don't take offence, but I don't think S Hello, James. This is Sam Jackson. How arc you' B Yes, please.
your work has bee n up to your usual standard J Sam' Hello! It's great to hear from you! How's A (pause) OK. It's ringing for you now.
recently. eve rything with you? B Thank Val!.
4 I told you that restaurant was awful. You should SOh, fine. Are you keeping busy these days? C (rillg, rillg) Hello. Customer services.
ha ve taken my advice and gone somewhere else. J Too busy! But I can't complain .. B Hello.! was wondering if you could help me .
The older you get, the more you have to learn to S That 's right. Business is business' Anyway, james,
take responsibility for your own life. I spoke to Alan yesterday, you know, about the
6 My boss is putting pressure on me to resign, but reunion on the fourteenth, and I'm just calling to A So, Barry. It was good to talk to you. Thanks very
I won't go. let you know what 's happening. much for phoning.
i I tried to get the teacher's attention but she took J Great' B My pleasure. By the way, how 's your golf these
no notice of me at all. S We've decided to meet at EI Gusto, the uh ... days? Still playing?
8 Children never say Thank you' or 'How are lvlex.ican restaurant ... A No, not much. I just don't seem to find the time
you?' to their parents. They just take them for You mean the one that used to be on Green these days. Anyway, Harry ...
granted. Street? B What a shame' You used to enjo)' it so much .
S Yes. But "used to be?" What do you mean? A It's true. Right, Barry. I must fly. I'm late for a
OJ] J It closed about three years ago . meeting.
The shop takes on a lot of extra staff every Oubai SOh, boy. Are you sure? B OK. Don't want to keep you. So, you'll give me a
Shopping Festival. J Uh huh. Absolutely. But it doesn't matter. ring when you're back, right'
2 The lectu re was too complicated, and the There's the other one, Dos Hermanos. A I certainly will. And you'll send me a cop)' of the
students couldn't take it all in. S Now where is that? I've forgotten. report?
My business really took off after I picked up SLX J It's down on Taylor Street. B It'll be in the post tonight.
ncw clients. SOh, great. OK. Now, how are you coming from A That's great, Barry. Have a good weekend!
4 You called mc a liar, but I'm not. Take that back Oak Park' B Same to you, too! Bye, Andy.
and say sorry! Well, I'm so close. ['II just take the train. The A Bye, Barry.
offi ce closes at 6:00, and I'll go straight to the
tra in station.
Put some music on. Whatever you want. S So you'll he in Chicago at about ... what' Seven?
2 That article about factory farming has really put J Yeah, something like that. UNIT 6
me orf eating chicken. S Well, Ok. ['m meeting Man at the Days Inn
3 Could you put away your clothes, please. Your before that, because we both get in earlier
room's a total mess. th an you. So why don't we all meet up at Dos
4 Pu t your cigarette out! You can't smoke in here. Hermanos between seven and seven thirt,,? IDI Jamie Oliver
Fine. That should give Ille enough time. {'II (all At only 33, Jamie Oliver is null' an extremel"
iIIIlJ The reunion Alan and work it all out. Oh, and should I call successful and well known chef, with his ow'n
A =Alan S =Sam and make a reservation? acclaimed restaurant in the centre of London. He
{SFX: phonc ringing} $ Good idea. By the way, where are you staying has made quite a few TV series, written ten books,
S Hello. jackson residence. that night? and still does a large number of live shows a year.
A Hi, Sam. It's Alan, Alan Cunningham. I'm going to call a friend of mine to see if he can He doesn't have man)' free days an)' more. How did
S Alan! Hi! How are you? How are things? put me up for the night. he make it big?
A OK, not too bad. And you? How's the family? SOh, good idea' Well, we'll see YOll at the Well, his rise to fame and fortune came early and
SOh, we're surviving! Busy, busy, bus)" but what's restaurant on the fourteenth, then, around 7.15. swiftly. By the age of eight he had already stinted
new? At the restaurant, right. And you know where it cooking at his parents' restaurant. It was an easy way
A Tell me about it! Listen, l"m calling about the is, don't you? to earn a little pocket money! After a couple of years
class reunion. Do you have any ideas where we 5 Yeah, yeah, I've got it. Bye , now, james. in catering college, and a little time spcnt in France,
can meet' A restaurant somewhere? J Bye, Sam. Thanks fo r calling. he started working in restaurants. He worked under
130 Tapescripts 5.6-6,1

S Mummv! Look what I've made! He ran 100m in 9.75 seconds and broke the
a few famolls chefs in London, before he was spotted
by a TV producer at 21, and his life changed. . .. elf/a lI'a~h .. world record.
Even though he had hardly any experience, he S Look what I've found, Mummy' S Don't touch the DVD player! I'm recording
had a lot of enthusiasm for cooking, and was . .. aFter wash. a film .
very natural in front of the camera. His first TV M S·arah' Don't you dare bring that in here! 9 Britain produces about 50% of its own oil.
programme featured him rushing arollnd London Nell' System 5J1(Iso Alltomatic. It's £1/1 YOII coftid
on his scooter buying ingredients and cooking for (l powder.
Wllllt fr011l lID
his friends, all to a rock and roll soundtrack. The a 'refuse re'fuse
2 A 'Ere, Bill! Just . . . just watch this. Look! Look
recipes were bare and simple - they didn't involve at that car trying to park! b present pre'sent
complicated cooking techniques and used lots of B Ooh! You 're joking! Ooh-ooh! Now that just c 'minute min'ute
fresh ingredients and herbs. It attracted a completely has to be a woman driver. It must be. d 'desert de'sert
new audience that previously didn't have any A It's gotta be. 'Ere, do you want some help, e content con'tent
interest in food programmes. Jamie Oliver became love? Hey, look' Look at her now! Look' Look! f 'object ob'jeet
an overnight success. B I don't believe it! She's just whacked that GTI' g 'invalid in'~'alid
So what's his recipe for success? 'A little bit of luck, Are yOU all right, darli'{g? h 'contract con't ract
a little bit of passion, and a little bit of knowledge! ' A It's a bloke.
he says. B Bloke. Oh. It was a tight space, though, D:D
wannit, eh? 10h, yeah.] Really. A refuse collector.
lID A Yeah, that space, very tight space. Yeah. 2 An unidentified flying object.
3 A desert in northern Africa.
'How much money have you got in your pocket?' B Complicated.
'About twenty eures.' Sjllce 111C11 arc responsible for 81CJ6 a/parking 4 Presents'
2 'How many cups of coffee do you drink a day" off cllces 1/11<1 96% OJ"dlllfgCl"OUS dril'illg o{fellces, 5 The contents pages.
'It depends. I have milky coffee for breakfast, why should WOIlfCII have /0 pay the same for car 6 con'tent mi'nute
sometimes another mid-morning, then maybe i1JSlIrCl1JCc? At Swill 1011. we have access to policit.'S 'contract re'fuse
one or two, black, after lunch and dinner.' with lip to 20% rcdllctiollS for 1I'(JIllelf. For a in'valid
3 'How man)' times have you been on a plane?'
'About five or six.'
4 'How much time do you spend watching TV?'
competitive quote, cOllta(( YOllr /ocal bralldl, "r
Free/aile 511';11/011 all 0800600700. onMikel Long time no see' How are things?
A
'A couple of hours a night, just before I go to 3 C =Child D =Daddy B Good, thanks, Jeff. Business is booming.
C Daddy! Daddy! Today I did a painting of you!
bed, I suppose.' What about yourself?
And 1 got two stars f And Miss Lewis says I was
S 'How much sugar do you h,\vc in your coffee" 2 A I'm afraid something'S come up, and I can't
the best in the class' make our meeting on the 6th.
'Just half a spoonful in white coffee, and none
D You're a ver)' naughty girl!
in black.' B Never mind. Let's go for the following week.
C Whydadd)'? Is Wednesday the 13th good for you?
6 'How many pairs of jeans do you have?'
D Don't argue with your father, young lady'
'Three. A black pair, a blue pair, and an old pair 3 A 'vVhat are your travel arrangements?
Now, go to yOllr room . .. ! It's no use crying
I wear when I do dirt)' jobs like cleaning the car.' B I'm getting flight BA 2762, at 18.45.
about it. Go on! Go on' Get out'
7 'How many books do you read in one year?' 4 A Could you confirm the details in writing?
'I honestl)' don't know. Ten? Fifteen' I read Wedllesday's VEFA ClJ(/lIfpioll's Leaglle lIight.
B Sure. I'll email them to you as an
MIll/chester Vllited - Bayem Mllllieh.
most when I'm on holiday.' attachment.
8 'How much homework do you get a night?'
7.30. lTV I. Do. 1I0t distllrl>.
5 A Ther want a deposit of 2'/' percent, which is
'Too much! About two hours, maybe? It 4 0 = Official T = Tony £7,500, and we ... the two ... thousand ...
depends.' o Er-hem' Everyone' Welcome! We're gathered ge ... t. ..
9 'How many English teachers have you had?' here today, in the presence of others, to marry B Sorry, I didn't quite get that last bit. What
'Er ... let me see ... about ten, 1 guess.' Ton), and Helen. Helen, do you take Ton), to was it again'
10 'How many films do you watch a month" be your husband' Just nod. Tony, do you take 6 A I'll give you £.5,250 for your car. That's 111)'
'One or t",o in the cinema, and one or two on her' final offer.
television. ' T I w ... B Great! It's a deal. It's yours.
o Lovel)' rings. Oops! Leave it! Leave it' Lovely. 7 A J don't know their number off113nd. Bear
lID Husband and wife. Wife, husband. Right. with me while I look it up.
I There's no need to rush. We've got masses of time. You're married. Jolly good. I'm outa here. B No worries. I'll hold.
2 She's got bags of money. I think she inherited it. Come to IKEA after work. BIIt don't rush! Wc're S A OK. Here's their number. Are you ready? it's
3 We've got heaps of food for lunch. Don't buy any open till 10 p.lII. weeknights. 0800 205080.
more. B I'll read that back to you. Oh eight double
4 When my daughter comes back from university, lID oh, two oh five, oh eight oh.
she always brings piles of washing. a 'export ex'port 9 A So what's your salary, Dave? 3SK? 40K?
S I can't see you today. I've got tons of things to do. b 'import im'port B Hey' Mind your own business! You wouldn't
6 There were millions of people at the sales. I c 'decrease de' crease tell anyone yours'
couldn't be bothered to fight my way through d 'i ncrease in'crease 10 A Have you applied for that job?
them. 'p rogress pro'gress B There's no point. I'm not qualified for it. I
'record rec·ord wouldn't stand a chance.
1m Four radio adverts g 'refund re'fund
S =Sarah M = Mummy h 'p roduce pro'duce iDI!J See p61
Sarah is five, alld this is her favollrite play shirt. It's 'permit per'mit
pink, with flUffy yellow ducks. Sarah loves her play J 'transport trans'port
sllirt. k 'i nsult in'sult
S It's my favourite. I 'protest pro'test UNIT 7
Alld she wears it to play ill the garde" .
S Look what I've found, lv\ummy!
And YOIl wash it at 1011' temperatllre. A lid she wears
it to play i,l tile garden
Scotland imports a lot of its food from other
countries. Its exports include oil, electronics and
1m
If I \Vere ),ou I wouldn't wear red. It doesn't suit
S Mummy! Look what I've made! financial sen'ices. you.
Arul YOIl wash it. Alid she wears it to play ill the 2 I'm vcry pleased ",ith my English. I'm making a 2 Is it OK if I make a suggestion?
gardell. lot of progress. 3 You 're allowed to smoke in the designated area
M Sarah! \Nhat on earth ... ? 3 Ministers are worried . There has been an increase only.
Alld after a while. the dirt bllilds up, so tile pink in the number of unemployed. 4 I'll be able to take ),ou to the airport after all.
iSll't quite as pillk. alld the yellow dllcks arell '/ as 4 But the number of crimes has decreased. so that's
5 You arc required to obtain a visa to work in
fluffy. New System SlIdso Alltol1latic call help. Its good news.
Australia.
ad,'allced forl1lll/a call remove groulld-ill dirt evell 5 How dare you call me a liar and a cheat! What an
6 It's always a good idea to make an appointment.
at /011' ternperalllres. So the pink stays vel)' pink, insult!
7 You're bound to pass. Don't worry.
and the fluffy yelloll' ducks are happy agaill. 6 There was a demonstration yesterday. People 8 You aren't permitted to walk on the grass.
Wasil ... were protesting about blood sports.
Tapescripts 6,2-7,1 131

1 didn't manage to get through, the line was
9 M Cathy is away at the moment, looking after our P Nearly twenty-five years now.
engaged. mother, who had a bad fall. I And ... it's been a successful marriage? Your
10 I refuse to discuss the matter any further. R Oh, I'm sorry! I didn't know. When did this father made a good choice?
happen' P Oh .. . yes, of course and we have two beautiful
IDJ Seep62 M \,vell, a couple of weeks ago. She's slowly getting sons. They're twenty-two and seventeen now.
better. I And will you arrange their marriages?
1m R Well, what can I say? How could I possibly refuse P Oh yes. My husband is planning them now. He's
been asking families for some time already and
I an offer like that?
A What the ... where d'you think you're going? M You'll come then?
B What d'you mean? R I certainly will. I And your sons want it?
A Well, )'ou'rc not allowed to turn right here. P Well: Krishna, he's the eldest, he's OK about
B Who says it's not allowed?
lID An arranged marriage it - he's studying hard and hasn't got the time to
A That sign does mate. 'No Entry', ),OU ought to be I = Interviewer P = Pratima meet girls but ...
able to read that. I How old were you when you met your husband, I Yes, what about the youngest? Ravi, isn't it?
B It's impossible to see. Pratima? P Yes ... cr, well actually, Ravi's not so keen. It
A You'd better get ),our eyes tested, YOll had. You're P Mmm ... I was just sixteen. might be difficult to persuade ...
not fit to be on the roads. I Were yOU still at school' But you still believe that the system of arranged
2 P No, I'd left school but I was having private marriages is a good one?
A Prolnisc not to tell anyone! tuition at honle. to prepare nlC for some eX::lll1S. P Oh yes, I do, of course I do - but you know it
B I promise. And your father arranged your marriage? Is that depends on a lot ... er ... especially on the famil),
A It's really important not to tell a SOlii. right? choosing the right person. But one main reason,
B Trust me. I won't say a word. P That's right. I think it docs work, is that the couple enter the
A But I know you . You're bound to tell someone. I Could you tell me hoI\' he did that' marriage not expecting too much - if you see
B Look. I really am able to keep a secret, you know. P Well, I{e looked around for a suitable husband. what I mean. Actually, you know, there arc many
Oh, but is it OK if I tell Carol? He asked friends and relatives if they knew more divorces between couples who thought they
A That's fine. She's invited too of course. It's just anyone, and found out about their education, were marrying for love. You know, m)' mother ..
that flen and I want a really quiet wedding with their background and ... er ... most importantly er ... she had to marry at thirteen but she's still
just family and a few friends. the family's background. He managed to get a lot happily married nearly fifty years later. Of course,
of information abollt them, you know. nowadays thirteen is considered too young but
lID I And how long did this take? you know ... times change.
Yeah, that's very truc. Thank you very much
A I think you should swallow your pride and P Not too long in my case, but you know ... er ...
forgive and forget. sometimes a father can see up to a hundred men indeed, Pratima.
B Never' I will not. before he chooses one. For l11y sister, my elder
A You 'll have to in the end. You can't ignore each sister he saw over one hundred men before ...
other forever. He saw how many' Goodness l It must take up a I The)' went where?
B I might forgive her but I can never forget. lot of time. 2 You got home when"
A It must be possible to talk it Ol'cr, and work P Yes, it Can be difficult to decide but for me he 3 You paid how much~'
somcthing out. YOll must for the sake of your saw only two ... er ... one in the morning and 4 You met who?
friendship, after all these years. one in the afternoon and ... er ... he chose the 5 He did what'
B Oh dear! I just don't know what to do for the second one.
best. I What a day! Can you tell me about it' lID
P Yes ... well, in the morning the first man was A I'm absolutely dying for a cold drink.
lID vcr)' wealthy, and he was \\~ell·drcssed and ... er
... had good manners but ... er ... he hadn't had
B
2 A
Yes, my throat's a bit dry, I must sal'.
His family are pretty weIl off, aren't they?
A I don't know if I can come this evening.
B But )'OU must. You said you would. a good education. B You can say that again! They're absolutely
A Yeah, but I can't go out on weekday evenings. My I Ah. And the other one? loaded!
parents won't let me. P Well, he wasn't terribly wealth)" but he was well A You must have hit the roof when she told
B You could tell them that you're coming over to educated and he came from a good background you she'd crashed your car.
my house to do homework. ... er ... his family owned a village and were like B Well, yes, I was a bit upset.
A I ~an't. Somebody will see me and tell them. princes. He was 22 and studying law. 4 A I think Ton)' was a bit rude last night.
B We'll have to cancel the match then. Lots of kids I And this one your father chose? B Too right! He was totally out of order'
can't come to practice in term time. P That's right. I think he thought money wasn't 5 A I can't stand the sight of him!
everything - for my father education was Illore B I must admit, I'm not too keen on him
lID Exciting news important and anyway, if a man is well-educated, either.
R Hello? he will earn in the end. Actually, Shyam, that's 6 A He isn't very bright, is he?
M Rebecca is that you? I've got to talk to you. my husband's name, Shyam didn't want to get B You're not kidding. He's as thick as two
R Maria, hi' Why all the excitement? married at all but his father had told him he must shon planks.
M Well, can you remember that competition I ... so .. . er when he came to m)' house to meet 7 A I'm fed up with this weather! It's freezing.
entered, just for a laugh, a few weeks ago? Ill\' father, he was ven' badlv-dressed because he B I suppose it is a bit chilly.
R Yes, I G\I1. I remember you doing it in the coffee h~ped nw father wou'ld ref~se him. But luckily S A Well, that was a fantastic holiday'
bar. It was the one in the Dailv Sun, wasn't it? for me, I1;Y father did like him, and ... er ... h'e B Yes, it was a nice little break, but all good
Didn'l you have to nallle load's of capital cities? had to sa)' yes. things must come to an end.
M Yeah, that's it. You've got it. Well, get this, I've I He had to? 9 A I'm knackered. Can we stop for a rest?
won! I came lirst! P Oh yes, he had promised his father. B OK. I feel a bit out of breath, too.
R Never! I don't believc it! What's the prize? I And what about you? Did you meet both men? \0 A They're obviously as thick as thieves, those
M A trip to New York. P Yes, I met them that day. First m)' family spoke two.
R You must be kidding! That's brilliant. For how to them and then thel' called me in and we ... er B Yeah, they do seem to get on quite well.
long? ... we spoke for four '... four or five minutes.
M Just three days - but it's three days in the Ritz I And did ),Oll prefer the second? IDIiJ See p69
P Well, actually I wasn't sure. I left it to 111)' father.
Carlton, of all places!
R Well, you should be able to do quite a lot in
P
I You must trust him a lot!
Oh, yes.
om
three days. And the Ritz Carlton! I'm impressed! A Is that a new watch? I bet that cost a bit.
Doesn't that overlook Central Park? I So what happened next? B A bit" It cost a fortune!
M Yes, it does. P Well, after a while, there was a special day when 2 A It's a bit chilly in here, don 't )'ou think?
R I thought so. Not that I've been there, of course. I went 10 meet his familv and his familv camc to B You can say that againl I'm absolutely
M Well, )'ou can noll'. meet mine. It was ... er 'kind of an eng~gemcnt freezing'
R What do YOU mean? How would I evcr be able to? part)'. But we - you know - Shyam and me, we 3 A These shoes ilre rather nice, aren't thev?
M 'Nell, it's;, trip for two and I'd really love it if used to be on the phone cvcry day and we'd meet B They're gorgeolls! I want them! '
you would collle with me. Will you? regularly but always we had to have a chaperone. 4 A Can we stop at the next service station? I
R You can't be serious? You know I'd love to! But And after ten months we got married. could do with something to eal.
why me? Surcly you should be asking Cath)'? And how long have )'ou been married? B Me too. I'm stan'ing! I didn't have breakfast
this morning.

S A I guess you're a bit tired afler all that tennis. 5 A So, anyway, just to end the perfect evening, I of a headache and ... erm ... I decided to go to,
B Tired?! I'm absolutely shattered! had to walk back home because I'd lost the car straight to bed. Anyway, I woke up about half an
6 A I bet you were a bit upset when your team lost. keys and I didn't have any money for a taxi. I hour later, feeling rather confused, and sick, a bit
B Me? Upset? I only cried myself to sleep! didn't get home lIntil three in the morning. nauseous and ... er ... I realized that ... erm ... my
B That's the funniest thing I've heard for ages. brain wasn't wo rking properly and that in fact I
Poor YOll. Sorry 1'111 laughing. probably had ... erm , .. heat exhaustion. Anyway,
A Well, I'm glad you think it's so funny - I it was a, it wasn't very pleasant, and -cr, ah, it
UNIT 8 didn't think it funny at the time. was a lesson in what not to do in ... er .. , in such
6 A There is just nothing good on TV tonight! temperatures. I've never done that again. I alwa)'s
B What about that wildlife programme? carry my rehydration salts with me.
lID Jumbolair - home of jet pilot John Travolta A
B
D'you mean the one about the life of frogs?
Yeah - does it look an)' good? DB Anna
Welcome to JUMBO LAIR, Florida - the world's A You' re kidding. It looks absolute rubbish. The time that I was very, very cold ... erm ... was
only housing estate where the super-rich can 7 A What's the matter with you? a time when I was working in Russia, in a small
commute to work by jet plane from their own B Oh my gosh - I've just put my foot right in it. town in central Russia and ... er ... I was going to
front doors. Jumbolair's most famous resident is A What d'you mean' see some friends who lived on the outskirts of the
Hollywood film star 10hn Travolta, whose $3.5 B Well, I was talking to that lady over there and town, and they were worried about me getting lost
million mansion is big enough to park a row of I asked her how old her grandaughter was .. and they said that they'd come to the tram stop to
aeroplanes, including a Gulfstream executive jet, a and ... er ... she said it was her daughter. meet me. But I wanted to be independent, so I, I
two-seater jet fighter, and a four-engined Boeing A Oh, no! That's awful! told them 'don't be siily, of course I'll find it'. And
707, previollsly owned by Frank Sinatra. Travolta
on the day of, of the visit, . .. erm ... it was verv,
holds a commercial pilot's licence, which means
very cold, it might have been minus thirt)" but' it
he is qualified to fly passenger jets. He can land
Lost in her thoughts, a beautiful, young woman was might have been colder than that and ... er ... it
his planes and taxi them up to his front gates. His
sitting in her country garden, watching a bee lazily was, it was so cold th at at sOllle of the tram stops
sumptuous Florida home, which is built in the style
going from rose to rose gathering honey. and bus stops there were bonfires lit - special stre('t
of an airport terminal building, is the ultimate boys'
fires . .. erm ... to keep people warm and I think
fantasy house made real. As well as the parking
lots for the jets, there is a heliport, swimming pool
DB it was a day when the schools were closed, when
Exhausted after a hard day's work, a balding, the children didn't go to school because it was so
and gym, stables for 75 horses, and of course a
middle-aged man wearing a crumpled suit, and cold. So I put on all the clothes that [ had - all the
l.4-mile runway. Family man Travolta, who lives
with wife Kelly and daughter Ella Bleu, flies daily carrying a briefcase, walked slowly along the road scarves and jumpers, and, and I took the tram to the
that led from the station to his home, pausing outskirts of the town where my friends lived and il
from his home when filming. \"'alking out of his
only to look up at the night sky. was right, right way out to the end of the line and
door and into the cockpit, he is airborne in minutes.
His neighbours, most of whom share his love of 2 Peter, who's very wealthy, has a huge, sixteenth I, I got off the tram, which was heated, ... erm . ..
aviation, don't seem to mind the roar of his jets. century farmhouse, surrounded by woods in the into this cold white world. And ... erm ... it was,
heart of the Devon countryside. it was so cold that if you ... when you breathed in,
They say that it's nice to meet a superstar who isn't
3 The two-week holiday in Mauritius, which we little balls of ice formed in your nostrils, ),ou, you
full of his own importance. 'He's just a regular guy,
very friendly', says one neighbour. had looked forward to so much, was a complete had to keep your ... erm . . . a scarf over your mouth
and utter disaster from start to finish . and nose. About a minute, two minutes after getti ng
DB 4 A ten-year-old boy, walking home from school,
found an old, battered, leather wallet filled with
off the tram my, my . .. er ... feet and hands were
already hurting they were so cold. So I was walking
The area of London I like best is Soho.
£5,000 in £50 notes in the High Street. around, trying to find the, the flat, but it was
2 My father , who's a doctor, plays the drums.
completely anonymous this, this landscape ... erm
3 The book that I'm reading at the moment is
fascinating.
lID Simon ... and there were these huge snow-covered white
4 Paul passed his driving test first time, which Well, it was when I was living in Cairo and ... erm blocks, these buildings, fifteen or sixteen floors, bu t
... it was in the middle of the summer, so, was it, they all looked exactly the same and I couldn't find
surprised everybody.
it was extremely hot, - between 40 and 45 degrees the name of the, the street either, and it was very,
5 People who smoke risk getting all sorts of illnesses.
cent.grade, and ... erm ... stupidly we decided to very quiet and the, the tram had gone. Er ... and
6 I met a man whose main aim in life was to visit
go and eat a huge meal and ... er ... we went to I began, actually, to get very frightened because I
every capital city in the world.
7 The Channel Tunnel, which opened in 1995, is a this restaurant and we must have been there hours was feeling so, so cold. Erm ... my feet and hands
and hours, ... erm ... and it was very hot inside had, had gone beyond hurting almost, I couldn't
great way to get from England to France.
S What [like best about work is the holidays. the restaurant and we were sweating profusely, . . . feel them any more. Erm ... it was quite difficult to
9 A short bald man, seen running away from the erm . .. and ... er ... by the time we came out it was breathe because of the icy scarf over my mouth and
scene of the crime, is being sought by the police. about 3 o'clock in the morning, and we decided, nose, . .. erm ... and I, I just couldn't find where,
'Ooh wouldn't it be a great idea to go to where they lived, and I asked an old lady the way
the pyramids to see the sunrise!' So we jumped in but my Russian wasn't good enough, she didn't
A How did YOll do in the maths test' a taxi, and the taxi was also quite stuffy and hot, ... understand me. And I was beginning to really,
B Oh! Don't ask! It's too awful. erm : .. and we must have been starting to dehydrate seriously pamc, when suddenly in the distance I, I
A Oh, dear. What did you get? at thIS pomt. Anyway, we got to the pyramids - and saw Illy friends . They'd come to find me and, .. erm
B ... erm .:. the sun was just starting to come up. . .. they took me home.
Twenty-two per cent. [ came last and I
thought I was going to do really well. And m, m Egypt, as soon as the sun comes up, ~
2 A How was your holiday? the temperature rises dramatically, ... erm ' " but -..:A:II
B Great, thanks. lust what we needed. we were so excited at seeing the pyramids that we We went for a huge meal in temperatures of over
A Did you do much? decided just to, to go and walk and sec. At this 40°C, which was rather a stupid thing to do.
B point, ... erm ... a man approached us and asked 2 My friends were worried I'd get lost, which was
Not a lot. We just sat by the pool, read books,
and took it easy for two whole weeks. us if we wanted to borrow his motorbike, or hire understandable.
Absolute bliss. his motorbike, ... erm ... and so we said yes. So my 3 We visited the pyramids at sunrise, which was
3 A Come on in . You must be shattered! tnend and I, we jumped onto the motorbike and just amazing.
B Oof, I am. I've been travelling for the past raced out into the desert - only to find after about 4 My nostrils actually froze, which is hard to
thirty hours and I haven't slept a wink. te n, fifteen minutes, that the motorbike was ... erm believe .
A I know - I can never sleep on a plane, either. . rather old and suddenly it broke down . So we S This motorbike broke down in the desert, which
lust sit down, take it easy and I'll get you a hot were miles from anywhere and ... erm ... had to was no laughing matter.
drink. push this motorbike to, to get back. I was the one 6 The old lady didn't understand a word I said,
4 A How's the new job going? at the back pushing the motorbike and of course .. . which is hardly surprising because my Russian's
B Good, thanks, very good - but it's quite erm '" I was using lots of energy, I was, ... erm .. . lousy.
difficult. ['m having to deal with so many new losing a lot of fluid and, ' .. erm ... it was getting
things. Still, I'm enjoying it all. hotter and hotter. Anyway, we ended up having to
A walk back, ... erm ... to, to the village to nive the
Mmm -I know what you mean.
B It's great to be doing something that's so motorbike back to the man. And by this time we
satisfying, and meeting so many people from were rather fed up and tired and very hot, so we
abroad. decided to go home. By the time we got home, .
A Absolutely. erm '" I did start to feel a bit strange, I had a bit
Tapescripts 8.1-8.8 133

on A Did you get very wet in that shower?
5 A Hello , can I help you'
B Yes, please. I'm trying to get som e quotations
4 I have very fond memories of my childhood.
To me it represented security. We used to do a
to move all my stuff from a house in the lot together as a family. I remember walks, and
B Shower! It was a downpour. We' re absolutely picnics, and going for car rides on a Saturday
soaking! south-west of England up to Scotland. Do you
go as far as that? afternoon. Every Thursday when my Dad came
2 A I bet you were quite excited when your tenm home, he'd bring us each a treat, just something
won.
A Oh, yes, madam .. We will deliver anywhere in
the world. Now whf'reabouts are you in the little. My mother used to say he was spoiling us,
B Excited! We were absolutely thrilled' but why not? It didn't do us any harm.
3 A I thought she looked rather silly in that
south-west?
flowery hat, didn't you? B Not far from Bristol, and we're moving to
B Silly! She looked absolutely ridiculous! Edinburgh in a O € uple of months time .. .
A You don't like your new teacher, do you?
4 A Come on, nobody'll notice that tiny spot on
your nose. B Not a lot, but we're getting used to her.
B They will, I just know they will! It's absolutely 2 A How can you get up at five o'clock in the
enormous!
UNIT 9 morning?
5 A I thought the latest Tom Cruise film was B No problem. I'm used to it.
absolutely hilarious. 3 A How come you know Madrid so well?
B Mmm. I wouldn't say that. It was quite funny 1m An email to a friend B I used to live there.
4 A How are you finding your new job'
but not hilarious. Dear Sally
6 A Len left early. He wasn't feeling well.
B Difficult, but I'm getting used to it bit b)' bit.
I'm sending this through Friends Reunited. Do you
B I'm not surprised. When I saw him this 5 A Do you read comics?
remember l11e? We used to go to All endales School B I used to when I was young, but not any
morning he looked absolutely awful' together. You were the nrst person I got to know more.
when I started there.
imJ Seep76 We uscd to sit next to each other in class, but then
6 A You two argue so much. How can you live
together?
the teachers made us sit apart because we were
OJII Seep76 always giggling so much.
B After twenty years' marriage we're used to
each other.
I remember we'd go back to your house after school
t:mJ A night at the Oscars every day and listen to music for hours on end. lID A teacher I'll never forget
I am absolutely amazed and delighted to receive this We'd get all the Beatles records as soon as they came
award. I'm truly grateful to all those wonderful people I Alan
out. Once we ate all the food in your fridge and your
I was very fortunate in high school to have crm ...
who voted for me. Red Hot ill tile S"O IV was an mother WaS furious.
absolutely fantastic movie to act in, not only because one particularly good teacher for a subject called
Do you remember that time we nearly blew up the
of all the brilliant people involved in the making -er social studies, which incorporates history and
science lab? The teacher went crazy, but it wasn't
of it, but also because of the fabulous, thrilling, crm ... geography. And I think the thing that made
our fault. We used to call him 'Snowy' because he
and often extremely dangerous locations in Alaska. had white hair. this teacher so good was that he not only had a
None of us could have predicted that it would be terrific sense of humour but he also had an ability
I still see Penny, and she's still as mad as ever. We
such a huge success. My special thanks go to Marius meet up every now and again, and we'll always to control the class in such a way that we always
Aherne, my excellent director; Lulu Lovelace, my end lip chatting abollt old times together. She's paid attention when he wanted us to pay attention,
gorgeous co-star; Roger Sims, for writing a script always talking about a school reunion. So if you're but he could always get us to laugh at the same
that was both fascinating and hilarious, and last time. So he had a way of kind of being vcr)' fluid in
interested, drop mc a line.
but not least to my marvellous wife, Glynis, for her his teaching style. And erm ... he'd, he'd do crazy
Looki ng forward to hearing from you.
priceless support. I absolutely adore you all. things like ... -er you know, sometimes he'd stand
Your old schoolmate
on a desk and recite a poem, or he'd erm .. . he'd
Alison Makepeace
draw funny pictures on the blackboard. But I never,
PS I'm not used to calling you Sail), Davies! To me,
A Hello . Could I make an appointment for our never forget hil11. His name was Mr Sparks, which I
you're still Sally WilkillSoll!
think is a fantastic name for a teacher, anyway. And
Siamese cat, Milly'
B Sure. What seems to be the problem? 1m -er he'd stand at the front of the class ... he had
this kind of -er ... he had a sort of, of a funny er ...
A Well, she's gone off her food, which is most we used to go to school together
unusual for her, and she has no interest in short, pointy beard, and glasses and er ... this kind
we used to sit next to each other of greying, slicked back hair .. . and erm he'd, he'd
going out in the garden . She just lies around we were always giggling so much
all day long. stand there and look at us with a, an imperious look
we'd go back to your house
2 A What have we got here? on his face, and then tell a joke! He'd just make us
we used to call him 'Snowy'
B Some old carpet, a washing machine that all laugh!
I'm not used to calling you Sally Davies
doesn't work anymore, and a whole load of 2 John
cardboard. lID I had a teacher at school who was just awful. He
A Right, well the carpet can go in there, and all I got on very well with my mother. She was m)' taught French and German, and his name was Colin
old electrical appliances go over there. best friend, still is. We had to get on, really. Tivvy. I'll never forget that name. It sends shivers
3 A Hello. I'd like to open a savings account, Dad died when I was three. I used to tell her down my spine just to hear it. It wasn't that he was a
please. everything, well, nearl), everything. And she'd bad teacher. I n fact he used to get very good results.
B Are you a student? talk to me very openly, too. Sometimes she'd say It was the way he got those results. He taught out
A Yes, I am. to me 'Don't go to school today. Stay with me'. of pure fear. All the kids were scared stiff of him, so
B Well, we have a couple of special accounts And we'd go out shopping or, or something like you'd do his homework first and best, because the
for students. One allows you 24 hours a day that. Ir"s a wonder I had any education at all, the last thing you wanted was to make a mistake. If you
access, and pays 3% interest. Another requires number of days I missed from school. made a mistake, in homework or in class, you had
one week's notice for withdrawals and pays 2 I don't remember much about my childhood. to write it out one hundred times that night. He'd
3.5% interest. For both accounts you need a My wife's always asking me questions like -erm been a soldier in the army, and he'd worked as an
minimum of one hundred pounds, but we can 'When ),ou were a bo)" did ),ou use to ... ?', and I interrogator, and that was just how he taught. We
offer overdraft facilities ... reply 'I don't know. I can't remember'. We didn't had to stand in a line outside his classroom, and
4 A Yes, please. How can I help you? ... er . .. really we didn't use to talk very much, when he was ready, he'd shout 'Get in, men!', and
B Yeah, I've got a few money problems. we weren't very close, or if we were, we didn't we'd all march into class. And as the lesson went
A Mmm huh . show it. I remember I used to have my hair cut through, he'd ·pace up and down the classroom, and
B You see, I've fallen behind with my rent, every Friday. M)' father was in the army, and he er .. . he used to wear those kind of shoes that didn't
about three months, and they're threatening had a thing about short hair, so every week he'd make a noise, you know? And the worst feeling in
to cut off the electricity. take me to the hairdresser. I had the shortest hair the whole world was when you knew he was just
A Because you haven't paid the bills' in the school. I used to hate it. behind you . You were waiting for a smack on the
B Yeah, right. And I keep getting all these credit 3 I'm not a very tidy person, but my mother's very back of the head. But the worst was when he picked
card demands, and I just don't know what to house-proud, so she's always telling me to pick you up by the hairs on the back of your neck. That
do. I just can't cope any more ... things up and put them away, and do this and hurt!
do that. She'll go on for hours about cleanliness.
That just makes me want to scream. My father
isn't like that at all, he's much more laid back. I
think he's just learned to blank out my mother.

3 Lizzie doing up there?' He might have just got lost for
The teacher I remember most from schooldays was Victor all we know.
... erm ... a teacher called Miss Potts. She was a If you ask me, this is a terrible idea. Firstly, it B [t must have been cold up there. How did he
history teacher and I was about thirteen or fourteen would be an infringement of individual freedom. keep warm?
years old. We were all very interested in fashion, and Secondly, another way of saying fast food is A I suppose he lived in a cave and wore stutT like
Mi ss Potts used to wear the most amazing things convenience food, and that means it really suits animal furs. They reckon he fell asleep sheltering
to come in to teach - so she was a very memorable the kind of lifestyle of people today. Another from a snowstorm, so he may have died from
teacher. Every day we'd be asking ourselves 'What's thing is that it would be a tax on people who cold and starvation. He shouldn't have gone up
she gonna wear today?' She'd wear blue tights with are less well off. Personally, I don't eat in these so high without the right ... you know, protective
red skirts and ver)' red jumpers, and vcr)' bright red places, but that's not the point. The point I'm clothing.
lipstick and she'd come teetering into the classroom trying to make is that people should be allowed B I wonder what they did for food five thousand
on very high heels and we thought she looked to eat what they want. years ago. They hunted wild animals, didn't they,
wonderful. But the vcry best thing about Miss Potts 2 AI with -enn arrows and axes and things?
was the way, in fact, she taught history - it's what To tell you the truth, I haven't really thought A Yeah, I guess they ate a lot of meat, and, and
makes her most memorable. She not only brought about it. I suppose the problem is that we don't berries and fruit. They might even have grown
histo ry to life, but she made it seem dead easy. She know what's in these burgers and pizzas. As far crops, you know, like cereals to make bread.
di dn 't just act it out for us, .. . erm ... but the way as I'm concerned, people can do what they want. B No, they can't have been that clever. I bet they
she described the characters from history made us I don't see what's wrong with that. Actually, 1'111 didn't know how to do that. I'd have thought
feel as if we knew them and, and sometimes instead seeing a friend for lunch and we're going to have they just ate meat, you know, like -erm, like
of writing essays we would do cartoon strips ... crm a burger. There's that new place .just opened, you carnivores.
.,. of the, of the different tales from historv and we know, down by the square. It's supposed to be A Who knows? Maybe these tests will tell us. I don't
loved it. ' quite good. Anyway, as I was saying, I don't really suppose they got around much. It would have
She was a brilliant, brilliant teacher. feel strongly one way or the other. been too difficult.
4 Kate 3 Bob B I'm sure. I wouldn't have thought they travelled
My favourite is called Mr Brown. We call him If you want my opinion, I think this is a really much at all. I bet they stayed in the same area.
Brownie, but not to his face. We wouldn't dare. good idea. There are far too many people who Howald was he when he died?
He's my PE teacher, and he's great. He'll joke and have a terrible diet, and they just go to the A They think he was maybe forry to forry-five,
make fun of you, but never in a horrible, nasty way. nearest burger joint and fill themselves up with which must have been quite old in those days.
And we like to pull his leg, too. He's bald, poor guy, rubbish. Basically, it's laziness. As I understand B I've bought the magazine New Scientist, so we
totally bald, but when it's his birthday, we'll ask it, they just can't be bothered to buy fresh food can read all about the results.
him if he wants a comb or a brush, or something and cook it. But the main point is that fast A Well, you needn't have bothered. I've
like that. But there's a line we all know we can't' food, or junk food, is too cheap. If it was taxed, downloaded them from the Internet. Let's have a
cross. We have a lot of respect for him as a teacher, people would think twice before buying. What look at them.
and he treats us totally fairly, but he also keeps his really worries me is that the next generation is
distance. He never tries to be one of us, oh no' If a going to have so many problems with kids being mJJ
teacher ever tries to be, you know, a teenager like us, overweight. \Vhat was he?
same music, same clothes, sarne jokes, it just doesn't He could have been a hunter, or he could have
work. But there's another side to Brownie. He's iDIiJ been a shepherd.
also head of discipline in the school. so whenever If you ask me 2 What was he doing in the mountains?
a student you know ... misbehaves or cheeks a Another thing is that. He might have been looking after his sheep, or he
teacher, they get sent to Mr Brown. And when he That's not the point. might have got lost.
shouts, boy he is absolutely terrifying. No one, but The point I'm trying to make is that ... 3 Where did he live' What did he wear?
no one, messes with Ivlr Brown. To tell you the truth ... He must have lived in a cave.
I sup pose the problem is that ... He must have worn animal furs.
As far as I'm concerned .. . 4 How did he die?
where nose rnail break through sent Anyway, as I was saying .. . He may have fallen asleep.
If you want my opinion .. . He may have died of cold and starvation.
ID.J SeepS4 As I understand it . 5 Was it a good idea to go so high?
But the main point is that ... He shouldn't have gone so high on his own.
lID What really worries me is that.
6
He should have worn protective clothing.
What did he eat?
Customer Waiter! I'm in a hurry. Will m)' piaa be
long?
mIl See p 120 He must have eaten a lot of meat and berries.
They might have grown crops like cereals to
Waiter No, sir. It'll be round. make bread.
Teacher You missed school yesterday, didn't you They can't have grown crops.
Johnny? UNIT 10 I'd have thought they just ate meat.
Joh n ny No, sir. Not a bit. 7 Did they travel much?
What's the difference between a sailor and someone I wouldn't have thought they travelled much at
all.
who goes shopping?
One goes to sail the seas, the other goes to see the
mil They must have stayed in the same area.
1 She must have been very rich. S How old was he when he died'
sales' 2 I had to do m)' homework. He could have been between forty and forty-five.
What's the difference between a jeweller and a jailer' 3 I couldn't sleep because of the noise. That must have been quite old in those days.
One sells watches and the other watches cells. 4 They can't have been in. There were no lights on.
What sort of crisps can fly'
Plain crisps.
S I thought that was Jane but I might have been
wrong.
mm I did tell you about the exam. You can't have
6 You should have seen a doctor. been listening.
Why was the doctor angry?
Because he had no patients! mJ) 2 Thanks so much for all your help. I couldn't have
managed without you.
What did the sea say to the beach? A You know that prehistoric man, the one thev 3 Flowers, for me! That's so kind, but really vou
Nothing. It just waved. discovered in Italy years ago... . shouldn't have. '
What's black and white and red all over? B You mean that guy in the Alps? 4 Come on! We're only five minutes late. The film
A newspaper. A Yeah, that's the one. He's supposed to be about won't have started yet.
five thousand years old. They've done all sorts of 5 I don't believe that Kathy's quitting school. She 'd
\Nhat do you get when 5,000 strawberries try to go tests on him, you know DNA tests and things, to
through a door at the same time? have told me, I know she would.
find out about his life. 6 \Ve raced to get to the airport on time, but we
Strawberry jam! B VI' hat was he? Some sort of hunter? needn't have worried. The flight was delayed.
A Well, they aren't sure. He could have been a 7 We've got a letter here that isn't for us. The
hunter, or he could have been some kind of postman must have delivered it by mistake.
shepherd, you know, looking after his sheep up S You shouldn't have gone swimming in such
in the mountains. The mystery is 'What was he rough sea. You could have drowned!

mI) m!J C Can you give me a hand to fix m)' computer? I
can 't open any of Ill)' liles.
Hello. Jim, who ran away from his nurse, and was eaten
by a lion D Listen, )'ou'd better face the fact that your
This is Jeremy Brook speak ing.
Th ere was a boy. \'Ilhose Ili.une was jinl; computer is ancient. It's been on its last legs
Sorry - Mike who? for years. You can get a new one for about
His friends were very good to him.
I'm sorry. I don't thin k I know anyone by that £500 these da)'s.
They gave him tea, and cakes, and jam,
name. C Are you pulling my leg?
And slices of delicious lamb,
On hol iday? Did we? When was th at? And read him stories through and through , D No, I'm perfectly serious.
In Greece! Of course' I remember! You're the And even took him to the zoo E Pat's been unbearable lately. That promotion
American guy who was in the next room. That was But there it was the dreadful fate has gone to her head. She's been shouting at
years ago! How are you? Befell him, I now relate. everyone. She's always had a sharp tongue, but
I'm fine. What a surprise! What are you doing? You know - at least vou ought 10 know, now she's upsetting everyone.
Where are you? For I have often told' you so' F I know. I'll have to have a heart-to-heart talk
That children neve r are allowed with her.
Here? What are you doing here?
Er m ... well ... I'd love to, but erm ... well, it's not To leave their nurses in a crowd;
vcry convenient, actually. Now this was Jim's especial foible,
He ran away when he was able,
Yes, I know I said that, but that was a long time ago,
And on thi; inauspicious day UNIT 11
and erm ... our tlat isn ' t that big, and ...
He slipped his hand and ran away'
Yes, I am. I got married last year. He hadn't gone a yard when - bang!
Well, I'm glad you understa nd. I' m sorry to let you
down . I'd have liked to help , but you see what I
With open jaws, a lion sprang,
And hungrily began to eat
DID
It's raining agaill. I wish it wasn't.
mean. The boy: beginning at his feet. I'm not going out to night. I wish I was.
Well, maybe we could meet for a coffee er .. . you Now just imagine how it feels There's nothing good on TV. I wish there was.
know, for old times' sake? When first your toes and then )'our heels, <I I don't like m)' job. I wish I did.
No. no. I suppose you're right. ,"Veil. it was nice And then by gradual degrees, 5 Alex and I stayed up all night studying. I wish we
to hear your voice again. Enjoy your trip round Your sh ins and ankles, calves and knces, hadn't.
Europe. Are slowly eaten, bit by bit. 6 I know they won't offer me the job. I wish they
Thanks. Bye, Mike. Same to you . No wonder Jim detested it! would.
No wonder that he shouted 'Hi" 7 I feel really depressed. I wish I didn't.
iIIn The honest keeper heard his cry,
Though very fat, he almost ran
8 I can't talk to anyone about it. I wish I could.
A That exam was totall)' impossible!
B You ca n say that aga in! I couldn't answer a To help the little gcntleman
' Ponto" he cried, with angry frown
DID
single question. I'm bound to have failed. A No, I can't possibly go out tonight. I shouldn't
A You might as well apply for the job, even 'Let go, sir! Down, sir' Put it down" have gone out last night.
though you're too young. B Come on - we had a great time. It was a really
B Yes, why not! After all, I've got nothing to The lion having reached his head great evening'
lose. You never know, I might be just the The miserable boy was dead' A I know it was.
person the)"re looking for. When nurse informed his parents the), B So, when's your exam?
3 I know I shouldn't have eaten a whole tub of Were mo re concerned than I can say: A Tomorrow, 9 o'clock. If onl)' I hadn't left all
ice·cream but I just couldn't help it. I feel as big His mother, as she dried her eyes, 111)' revis ion 'til the last minute.
as a whale no\\'. Said, 'Well- it gives me no surprise, B I wouldn't worry if I were vou. You know I'OU
4 A I'm go ing to tell her exactly what I think of He would not do as he was IOld!' alwa)'s do OK. . , ,
her. His father, who was self-co ntrolled A The re's always a first time.
B I woul dn't do that if I were you. You've no Bade all the children round attend B Good luck anyway.
idea how she'll react. It could get really nast),. To James' miserable cnd, 2 A If only we could just tly off to that island.
5 A You might have told me that Jackie an d Dave And always kcep a-hold of nurse B That would be fantastic. I'd sit on a beach and
had moved house! I felt really stupid when I For fear of linding somclhing worse. read all day.
asked Jackie when they were moving. DIll) A I'd just sleep fore,'er. I can't remember a full
B Sorry! I thought you knew. Everybody else night's sleep.
does. A How's th e new job? B Yeah. Sometimes I wish I'd never had kids. I
6 A I think you should forget all about it and B O K, but I'm still gelling used to it. My boss mean, not reaUy, but ...
lnOVe 011. see med very strict at first, but underneath it all A r know what YOli 1l1Can. No - you can 't h~lve
B Believe me, I would if I could. But I just can't she's vcry kind and generous. She un de rsta nds an ice cream. I said NO!
get it out of my mind. I must be craZ)'. the retail business very well, so she knows 3 A Oh boy! What would you give to drive one of
7 A You should have been here yesterday! You'd what she's doing. those?!
have died laughing! C Can you help me to fix my computer? I can't B Which one would you choose if you had the
B Why? What was so funny? open any of my files. mone),?
A Well, Pedro was imitating th e teacher, and D Listen, you'd bellcr accept the fact that your A That's one big 'if' But .. . mlllm ...... er ... if
he was so good, and then the teacher walked computer is ancient. It's been abo ut to stop I had S I million, I'd buy th e Aston i'.'iartin.
in! working for years. You can get a new one for B I wouldn't - I'd go for the Ferrari.
S A Then I found out that Andy's been working about £500 these days. A In your dreams.
for ... guess who? Dave! C Are you joking? 4 A Brilliant shot Charlie' Well-done!
B Huh! I could have told ),Oll that. It's D No, I'm perfectly serious. B Don't you wish you still played football dad'
common knowledge. \," here have you been? E Pat's been unbearable lately. That promotion A Me? No. I was never any good. But you could
9 I'd only just met this guy when he asked me has made her feel more important than she is. have been a brilliant player if you'd wanted.
how mud, I earned' I iust couldn't believe it! She's been shouting at everyone. She's always B Nah' I wasn't as good as Charlie. Aaah - oh
Maybe he does the sal~e to everyone he meets. spoken in a harsh and unkind way, but now nearly! YES!'
lOA I could do with a break. she's upsetting cveryone. A Yeah, he'll go far.
B i\·k too. I'm d)'ing for a coffee. It feels like F I know. I'll have to talk to her honesth' and 5 A Look, I know I shouldn't have parked here but
this lesson's been going on for ages. openly. ' I was only gone twO minutes.
B I've already written the ticket.
mil A Surely you could cancel it if you wanted? It
A How's the new job? was literally one minute.
B OK, but I'm still finding my feet. My boss B One minute, two Illinutes. You can't park
seemed very strict at first, but underneath it all here, it's as simple as that.
she's got a heart of gold. She has a very good A But [ just had to dash into the chemist
head for the retail business, so she knows what to collect a prescription for my sick
she's doing. grandmother. Supposing )'ou cancelled it just
this once?

B [don't care what YOU were doing. I can't iII!) I'll see you in my dreams 3 A These instructions don't Illake allY sense to
cancel a ticket - it\ more than l11y job's Well, Ill)' story, I suppose it's ... erlll . .. in the me at all. If you can follow them, you're a
worth. You've got t va weeks to pay. supernatural category, which is stra ... (C?1t yeah) . genius. .
crill ... exactly, strange for me because I III a very B Don't ask me! This flatpack stuff IS a
DID down-to-earth person. I'm basicall), quite sceptICal nightmare! I had exactl), the same trouble
trying to put up a bedside table.
A Would it be OK if I [eft bit early today? I when people tell weird and wonderful s.tories. But
have a dental appointment. there is just one occasion whcn somcthll1g very . 4 A It's not fair. I'd been looking forward to
B No problem. just tell janet to cover for you. weird and inexplicable happened to me, Erm .. . It watching it all clay and then the phone goes
A How's it going? was when I was at university, a long time ago, and and rings! ..
B OK. [f altgoes well, -er we should be finished I had a best friend, and the first time I stayed at hiS B Typical l And who was it? Anyon e Interesttng?
by FridaI'. Er, we've just got to put the house and [ had this incredibly vivid dream. You 5 A How many times do I have to tell )'ou? Take
fi;lishing touches to the doors and windows. know sometimes when you wake up and you're not them off before YOli come into the house l
A [f vou knew what I know about that hotel, sure what's more real (Yeah, )'eah J do) the dream or B Give me a break! [ was in a hurry. Anyway,
yo'u'd neyer go thEre again. what's around you. It was likc that. Erm, there was they're only a bit muddy. .
B You're just jealous. ' nothing very n~omento~s happened .in the dream, 6 A This has gone beyond a joke, You pronllSed
4 A Could I have a wo rd with you if you've got a but in the main part of It I was walkmg along a you'd deliver it by Tuesday at the latest. Now
minute? street in the town where I originally comc from, \'ou're saying next month l
B Yeah, of course but I'm in a bit of a rush. and I bumped into m)' friend unexpectedly, and B i'lll awfullv sorrv, sir. 1'111 afraid there's
A Er, it's about that pay rise I was promised. we stood in the street laughing and everyone was nothing I ~an d~ about it. It's out of Ill)'
5 A Aren't you helping jackie organize her looking, and it was just a really strange atmosphere. hands.
wedding? ({allsh,) Right? (Yeah. ) And I was [Yll1g there, In bed, 7 A I went away to think about it, and of course',
B I am. It's a nightmare. If anything went and I was just thinking how incredibly VIVid thiS when I wcnt back it had been sold. I wish I'd
wrong, I'd never forgive myself. dream was, [ could just remcmber every detatl of, of just bought it there and then.
6 A Wi n? What do yo u mean? [f you ask me, the scene. And then m)' friend came in with a cup B It's such a shame. It would have gone so well
th el' don't stand a chance. of tea for me. And he walked in the door and said with your white jeans.
B Do~ ' t you think s ? They've been playing 'wow I had this really strange dream last night' . And 8 A Vihat a waste of time! Ten minutes listcnin!;
much bettcr recen tly. 1 just felt uneas), already, ... erm ... and I suppose to music and 'All our lines are busy. Thank
A Come on. They haven't won a match for it was ... like an experience of dej{) \,1" (Yeall go ),ou for waiting). . .
months. 011, RO 011) \~hich I'd never had before. I just knell'
B I kno\\', it drives me mad . But worse sttll IS
7 A We arrived on the Tuesday and ... wha't he wa s going to say, it felt like that, and he that you /lever get to speak to a real person
B [t was a Thursday not a Tuesday if I wen t on to describe the dream that he'd had and it anyway!
remcmber rightl),.
A Oh Tuesdal', Thursday - the day doesn't
was exactly the same as the dream I'd had (WOII',
that's lV... that 's really lVc;ra!). It was, and he said
OIIJ See plOI
matter. ['II Just ne\ er forget the blue of thc how incredibl), vivid it was, and then he looked at
water and the white of the sand. me and said 'what's wrong?' (I(JlIghs) because I, I
S A Well, if the worst (ames to the worst, we can mus t have looked very, very shocked. And I asked
always postpone it for a da)' or two. him to describe the street where we were ... er ... UNIT 12
B I'd rather not. j've just got a bit of a and where we'd been standing there laughing. And
headache, The sea air will do me good. he described the shop we were standing in front of,
9
A OK, if you're sure.
A You h,;ven't made much progress, if any at
(yea h) and he said it was a stationer's shop. Erm ...
he remembered that, selling pens and paper, and
om
all. My grandfather, who's a widower, used to be a
stuff like that, which is exactly right. Erm ... and I judge and when he retired the year before last, he
B What d'you mean? I've written five hundred was feeling pretty cold and shiver)' by this time. (J
words. decided to go on a sea cruise. He enjoyed the cruise
l,et YOJ/ were.) \,vell, the really spooky part is that of
A Yeah but vou have to write ten thousand. vet}' much indeed. He sailed all round the world
course I knew it was the town I'd grown up in, but
10 A I dOI;'t thi~k muc h of Nancy's cousin. He's at this point he'd never been there, (lal/ghs) so he
and it sounded like a great experience. Anyway, the
really cold and arrogant. lTIOst interesting thing aboul this cruise was t~at he
didn't know the town at all (lVe/l, that 's allJazing') mct an Amcrican widow - I think she comes from
B Actually, I don't think he 's cold or arrogant. and yet he was describing it very accurately. And I
If anything, he's a hit shy. California. Well, the captain invited them both to
was ... I was kind of obsessed by this point. I wanted have dinner at his table ,md they got on very well
A Shl'?! You wouldn 't say that if you'd seen to make sure it wasn't just a similar street and I
hil;l at the match y sterday! with one another. And would YOU believe it, a few
drew this little map of the street and asked him to
months later, my grandfather ,;skcd her to marry
describe things, and he put loads of dctails onto it
DID . .. erm ... like he could say exactly where the traffic
him. No kidding! 11'1)' grandfather says you can find
happiness at any age, Apparently they were married
[n any relationship you have to be prepared to lights and the pedestrian crossing was. So, I don't
by the captain of the ship. It's so wonderful. The
give and take. You can' t have your own way all k~ow, it must have been my dream in a way because whole family's amazed but we're all vet}' happy
the time. anI" I knew the town, but somehow I must have for him 'cos' he's becn rather lonely since my
2 [didn't buv much at the shops. Just a few tra~smitted it to him . It's just inexplicable. (How
odds and e;lds for the kids. Socks for Ben and grandmother died. I hope I find true happiness one
cleva o(yoJ/') Well, I did - I saw a TV programme day, just like Grandpa .
hairbands for jane. ... er .:. last vear ... erm ... in which the)' said that
3 I don't want to hear an y ifs and buts. Just Ilnish
the job as soon as )'ou can.
it, it's called 'dream telepathy', and the)' say it's not
that unusual in dreams (Well I've lJever hwrd of;t
lIED
It's difficult to explain the ins and outs of the I don't like cereal for breakfast.
lie/ore.). Haven't you? Well, it's never happened to
2 Do an)' of your friends like swimllling?
rules of cricket. It's so co mplicated. m~ since, and to be honest, I, I can't say I'd want
5 'What have you got me for m)' birthday?' 'You'll 3 What are the people in your class like?
it to, because it was, it was actually strangely very
have to wait and see.' disturbing. (Well ;/ SOI/llaS like it!) 4 I iust sent my nephew £10 for his birthday.
6 'Oh, no! The Burtons are coming for lunch! I I'guess life is treating you pretty well now your
hate their kids!'
'I'm sorry, but you'll just have to grin and bear it.
OlD business has taken off?
6 Isn't I'our mother Scottish?
A I could kick lll\'self. As soon as I'd handed it 7 Your 'grandparents seem to have a very happ)'
It's only for an hour or so' in, I remcmbe;ed what the answer was.
7 OK vou can have it for £90. That's nl\' final offer, marnage.
B Oh, [ hate it when that happens! But do you
tak~ it or leave it. ' think )'ou've still passed?
S \Vhat is it the)' sa)' about a life of crime?
8 Britain has lots of faults , of course, but b)' and 9 It's very kind of you to offer but I can ' t
2 A I don ' t believe it l I've spent all morning trying
large, it's a pleasant place to live. take your car. You might want to use it this
to send this, and all I get is 'Ooops' Your
afternoon.
DID SeeplS7 message wasn't sent. Try again later'.
B What a pain! Have you tried ringing the
10 There was quite a crowd at your birthday
dinner, wasn't there?
computer helpline?
Tapescripts 11.3-12.2 137

T Yeah. I like it. It costs 60p.
A [ don't like cereal for breakfast. I Bernie Danziger I Is that right? It sound s great, Tommy, and going
B Well, would you like an egg? A boiled egg Personally, I'm just happy to be alive. I have this on the sea tractor makes you happy. So what
and some toast? enormous appetite to get what I can out of Itfe. I makes ynu unhappy?
2 A Do any ofvour friends like swimming' know it sOllnds corny but after all that I've been T ... er ...... er ... I think it's - it's - I think it's
B What d'yo~ mean ally? All my friends like through I just appreciate each day. Er - every single when birds die.
swimming. We go eyery \Vednesday evening. day I have with my wife and kids is much morethan I When birds d ie!?
3 A What are the people in your class like? I thought I'd have a few years ago. It all started III T Yeah, I don't like it.
B They're great. Every person in my class my 20s - [ began to feel very run-down and ,being I Have YOll sec 11 birds die? .
is really friendly. We all get on really well a sporty person it was clear somethlllg wasn t qUIte T Yeah, our cat got one in the garden and It was
right. Anyway, I had some tests and when the results dead and it made me sad.
together. . .
4 A I've iust sent my nephew flO for hts bIrthday. came th rough, the doctor walked into the room. I Ah, I see. That is sad when a cat catches a bird.
and I just knew from his face that it was somethlllg T Yeah and I saw it lying on our path. I didn't like
B WelL I have five nieces, I gave flO to each
awful. ...... er ... I'd been diagnosed with a rare it.
one for their birthday. Cost me a fortune.
A I only have the one nephew at the moment.
Thank goodness.
liver disease and he told me that if I didn't have a
transplant, I'd be dead in 18 months. I went into om
5 A [ guess life is treating you pretty well now denial. You see, I'd recently married and our baby A I can't believe it. I failed again.
your business has taken off? son had iust been born and I couldn't bear the B Never mind. You'll have better luck next time.
B Lifc is sweet. Yes, things are really good at thought 'of him being fatherless . Anyway, I had the A But that was the second time.
the moment. transplant and at first everyone was full of optimism B They say the best drivers pass on the third try.
6 A Isn't your mother Scottish? but in fact it ... the transplant failed to take and 2 A Come on! Get up! Get a life l
B In fact both my parcnts arc Scottish. My ... er ...... from elation I was plunged again into B What'd'you mean?
father was born in Glasgow but he moved to despair. I had to wait for a suitable match, a suitable A Well, it's high time you did something other
London when he was eighteen. donor to be found - it was torture, not only for me, than watch TV soaps all day.
7 A Your grandparents seem to have a very but for my whole family. This time though, after B Like what?
happy marriage. the operation I knew immediately it would be O.K. A I dun no. Travel, see the world. See life.
B Yes, the life they have together is a good one. It felt different. Eventually I started workmg agalll. B Boring.
8 A What is it they say about a life of crime' These days the only thing that makes me unhappy is A I give up. Be a couch potato if that's what you
B A life of crime never pays. I'm sure that's meeting people who don't realize what a gift life is want.
true. they just take all they have for granted. I could never A Oh no! We've missed it. It must have left dead
9 A It's vcrv kind of vou to offe r but [ can't do tha t. The birth of our daughter a year ago was for on time.
take yo'ur car. Y~u might want to use it this me just the icing on the cake. B I thought we might just get it.
afternoon. A What do we do now' There isn't another until
2 Tony
B Look, I have '1>'0 cars. Borrow either one, [ I o'clock.
The kind of things that get me down are mainly
don't mind. [ probably won't be using either B That\ nearly two hOllrs to kill!
physical. I don't have the energy I used to have.
anyway. A l\'!ore shopping?
I'm exhausted by tea-time. I always seem to have
lOA There was quite a crowd at your birthday B Not on your life. I'm shopped-out! Let's just
aches and pains somewhere - knees, hip, shoulder,
dinner, wasn't there? get a coffee. There's a cafe on platform I.
back. Best thing I ever did was take early retirement.
B Yeah, it was great to see everyone and I think 4 A How's it going?
Honestly! It was like buying Illy life back. Suddenly
they all loved the food. B Well, they've finished at last but not before
I could do what I wanted. The first thing we did,
time - only four weeks late.
Lizzie a nd me, was move to the country. We have
iIfI) a fantastic cottage by the sea in Devon, and we love
A And how much is it all going to cost?
I What's that song you're singing? B We haven't had the final bill yet.
going for walks on the beach, or the cliffs, or the
2 Look at this ladybird on my hand! A Well, you can bet your life it'll be more than
estuaries. We have quite a big garden, and there,
3 Did you hear that storm in the middle of the they estimated.
there is no better feeling for me than spending the B [ know. We lVere going to have the kitchen
night? whole day outside. [ like to, to walk round it in. the
4 lv!mm! These strawberries are delicious! decorated as well, but enough's enough for the
early morning, listening to the birds, and smelhng
5 Take those dirty shoes off! I've just cleaned in time being.
the fresh, early-morning air. I planted an orchard
here. A How come Dave h as such a cushy life? He
a year or so ago, and that's coming on well, and
6 I can't stand this weather. It's really getting me never seems to do anI' work.
-er Lizzie and I are quite content just to potter 111
down. B Didn't you know' A ~ich uncle died and left
the vegetable patch, or cut the grass? or weed the
7 Who was that man you were talking to this him loads of money.
flower beds. Having said that, we often go out for
morning? A You're kidding! I had 110 idea. No-one's ever
lunch with friends, or we have friends come and stay
8 Do you remember when we were young? Those left me anything!
with us for the weekend, and of course they need B Me neither. That's life.
were the days! entertaining with some good food! Lizzie's the food
9 Children have no respect for authority these days,
do they?
expert. One of my favourite moments is, is to, -er
just sit out on the terrace in the evening and, and
iIEIJ That's Life
That's life, that's what people say.
om watch the sunset, with a good book in one hand.
3 Tommy
You ' re riding' h igh in April,
Shot down in May.
A ""hat was the meal like?
B It was revolting, every bit <IS bad as you said it I = Interviewer T = Tommy But I know I'm gonna change that tune,
would be. I So what makes you happy, Tommy? When I'm back on top in june.
T Mml1lm ... er ... my best thing is to go to That's life, funny as it seems.
A Did you apologize to all the guests?
Bigbury Beach. Some folks get their kicks,
B Each and every one of them . I felt I had to.
I Oh, where's that? Steppin' on dreams;
3 A They didn't all pass, did they?
T It's where the sea is. But I don't let it get me down,
B All but three did. Seventeen out of twenty,
that's not bad. I Nice. What do you do there? 'cause this 01' world keeps spinnin' around.
4 A Sorry, I only have SOp on me. T I play ... I play with my brother in the rock pools I've been a puppet, a pauper, a pirate,
B Don't worry. Every lillie helps you know. and we have buckets and spades and when the A poet, a pawn and a king.
S A When do you think you'll get there? . tide's in we go on the sea tractor and . .. I've been up and down and over and out
( A sea tractor? What '5 that? And I know one thing:
B All being well, we should be there about SIX.
6 A Do you fancy a quick coffee? T You know, it's when the tide comes in and you Each time [ find myself flat on my face,
B If it's all the same to you, I'd rather not. can't get to the island, so you go on the sea I pick myself up and gel back in the race.
tractor. It's got big, big wheels, hugest wheels That's life, [ can't deny it,
ever. [ thought of quitting,
I Bigger than you? But 111)' heart just won't buy it.
T Yeaah. THIS BIG. You have to climb up the steps If I didn't think it was worth a try,
at back, at the back to get on it. I'd roll myself up in a big ball and die.
Wow! And it goes through the water to the
isla nd?

A Did you see the match last night?
B No, but apparently it was a good game. We
won, didn't we?
A Actually, it was a draw, but it was really
exciting.
2 A What do you think of Claire's new house?
B Personally, I don't like it. I think it needs
an awful lot of work. However, that's her
problem, not mine.
A Poor old Claire! She always picks the difficult
ones, doesn't she? Anyway, we'll see soon
enough.
3 A I don't know how you can afford to buy all
those fabulous clothes!
B Hopefully, ]'m going to get a bonus this
month. lVI)' boss has promised. After all, I did
cam the company over £ I00,000 last year.
Basically, I deserve it.
4 A She said some terrible things to me. I hate her!
B All the same, I think you should apologize to
her. If you ask me, you lose )'our temper too
easily. You're being very childish. It's time you
both grew up!
A 'What?! I never thought I'd hear you speak to
me like that.
B Honestly, I'm not taking sides. I just think you
should make up.
A So, Billy. You say that this is the last record
you're ever going to make?
B Definitely.
A But surely you realize how upset your fans are
going to be?
B Obviously, I don't want to hurt anyone, but
basically I'm fed up with pop music. I'd like to
do something else. Ideally, I'd like to get into
films.
Tapescripts 12.9 139

GralUlUar Reference
UNIT 1 4 Have (not have got) is used in many expressions.
have breakfast have a bath
have a barbecue have a good time
1.1 The tense system have fun have a word with someone
There are three classes of verbs in English: auxiliary verbs, modal verbs, 5 Have got is generally more informal. It is L1sed more in spoken English
and full verbs. than in written English. However, they are often interchangeable.
Have with the do/does forms is more common in American English.
Auxiliary verbs
The auxilialY verbs are be, do, and have. Other uses of auxiliary verbs
I In question tags.
be
It's cold today, isn't it?
Be is used with verb + -illg to make continuous verb forms. You don't IIllderstalld, do you?
YOII're lying. (present) You hal-en't been to Chilla, have YOII?
The)' were reading. (past)
2 In short answers. Yes or No alone can sound abrupt.
I've been swimming. (present perfect)
We 'll be having dinner at 8 o'c/ock. (future) 'Are YOl/ hllllgry?' 'No, I'm /lot.'
YOII I1IUSt be joking! (infinitive) 'Do YOIl like jazz?' 'Yes, I do.'
'Did Y01l have a nice /Ileal?' 'Yes, we did.'
2 Be is used with the past participle to make the passive. 'Has she seel1 the lIless?' 'No, size hasn't.'
These books are printed ill HOlIg KOllg. (present)
3 In reply questions. These are not real questions. They are uscd to
Where were ),011 bam? (past)
show that the listener is paying attention and is interested. They are
The car's been sen/iced. (present perfect)
practised on p33 of the Student's Book.
The cit)' had been destroyed. (past perfect)
This work shollid be dOtJe 50011. (infinitive) 'The test !Vas awflll.' 'Was it? \II/hat a pity.'
'I love bllrgers.' 'Do you? 1 hate thelll.'
do '['I'e bought you a presellt.' 'Have you? How killd!'
Do/docs/did are used in the Present Simple and the Past Simple.
Do YOll sl/1oke? (question) 2 Modal auxiliary verbs
She doesn't IIl1dcrstalld. (negative) These are the modal auxiliary verbs.
Whell did they arrive? (question) can could mal' might will would
2 Do/docs/did are used to express emphasis when there is no other shall should must ought to need
auxiliary.
The), are auxilialY verbs because they 'help' other verbs. They are
1'111 1I0tillterested ill sport, bllt I do like tCIIllis.
different from be, do, and ha\'e because they have their own meanings.
'If ollly he had a car!' 'He does have a carl'
'Why didll't YOll teil lIle?' 'I did tell YOll!' He must be at least 70. (= probability)
YOIi must Iry harder. (= obligation)
have Can ),011 help 11le? (= request)
Have is used with the past participle to make perfect verb forms . She call't have got Ill)' letter. (== probability)
Have YOII ever tried sllshi? (present) I'll help ),011. (== willingness)
My car had broken dow/I before. (past) (Ring) Tlwt'll be the post11lall. (= probability)
I'lllwve finished SOO/l. (future) Modal auxiliary verbs are dealt with in Units 5, 7, 9,10, and 11.
I'd like to have /IIet Napoleon. (infinitive)
Having had lilliCh, we tidied lip. (participle) 3 Full verbs
Full verbs are all the other verbs in the language.
have and have got
1 Have and have got are both lIsed to express present possession.
I run walk eat love go talk write I
Do VOLI have
' .
H ave
I anI' brothers or sisters'
. The verbs be, do, and have can also be used as full verbs with their own
you got ' meanings.
,
1 es,
I I do. 1 have
I h ave. I' ve got
I two brothers.
Have YOll beell to school today?
1 wallt to be all cllgincer.
2 Have to can be replaced with have got to for present obligation. J do a lot of business ill Russia.
Do YOll have to
Have you got to
I go now.( The holiday did liS a lot ofgood.
They're having a row.
Yes, I 1I do. I have to

h ave. I' ve go t t
I catch the bus. Have ),011 had ellollgh to eat?
0
3 Only forms of have (not have got) are used in all other tenses. 1.2 English tense usage
I had my first car when I was nineteen. English tenses have two elements of meaning: time and aspect.
I've had this car for two years.
I'l! have a strawberry ice-cream, please. Time
I'd had three cars by the timc I was twcnty .
I The time referred to is usually obvious.
I'd like to have a pct.
Hc loves having a sports car. Ellglish people drink tea. (all time)
Shh! I'm watching this prograllJlIJe! (now)
140 Grammar Reference 1

I'll see yo 11 lara. (future) Note
I went to Ellgland last slimmer. (past) We cannot say a sentence such as *1' oe been crashing teuf car because
2 Sometimes a present tense form can refer to the future. it suggests an activity that was done deliberately and often.
Continuous tenses are dealt with further in Units 2, 3, and 5.
I'm goirtg alit tonight. (Present Continuous for near future)
The Imill leaves at 10.00 tall/arrow. (Present Simple for a timetable)
If yo 11 see Peter, sa)' hello frolll me. (Present Simple in a subordinate
The perfect aspect
clause) The perfect aspect expresses two ideas.
3 Sometimes a past tense form can refer to the present. I The action is completed before another time.
I wish I could help YOII, bllt 1 can't. Have YOli el'er beetz to America? (= some time before now)
This use of unreal tense usage is dealt with in Unit II.
Hlhell I IllTived, Petcr had left. (= some time before I arrived)
I'll JlIlve fillished the report by 10.00. (= some time before then)
The simple aspect 2 The exact time of the verb action is not important. The perfect
The simple aspect describes an action that is seen to be complete. aspect refers to indefinite time.
The action is viewed as a whole unit. Have ),011 seen 111)' wllllet al/)'Ivllere? I've lost it. (= before now)
The 51111 rises ill the east. (= all time) We'll have Ilrrived by this evenillg. (= before this evening)
Whell I've read the book, I'll lend it to YOli. (= complete) The exception to this is the Past Perfect, which call refer to definite
She has red hair. (= permanent) time.
He Illwll)'s wore Il suit. (= a habit) I recognized him immediately. I had met him in 1992 Ilt 1Il1iversity.
It railled ever), day of ollr holiday. (= the whole two weeks) Perfect tenses are dealt with further in Units 2, 3, and 5.
This shop wiII close at 7.00 this eVe/lillg. (= a fact)
2 Remember the verbs that rarely take the continuous. This is because Active and passive
they express states that are seen to be pernl"anent and not subject to 1 Passive sentences move the focus of attention from the subject of an
frequent change. active sentence to the object.
Shakespeare wrote Hilmiet ill 1599.
Verbs of the mind know und erstand believe think mean
Hamlet, one of the great tmgedies, WIlS written ill J599.
Verbs of emotions love hate like prefer care
Verbs of possession have own belong 2 In most cases, by and the agent are omitted in passive sentences.
Certain other verbs cost need contain depend This is because the agent is not important, isn't known, or is
understood.
3 The simple aspect expresses a completed action. For this reason we My cllr was stolcn yesterday.
must use the simple, not the continuous, if the sentence contains a This hOl/se was bllilt ill the sevellteellth eelltllry.
number that refers to 'things done'. She lVas Ilrrested for shoplifting.
She's written three letters this mOrl/ing. 3 Sometimes we prefer to begin a sentence with what is known, and
I drink tell ClIpS of tea a dlly. end a sentence with what is 'new'. In the passive, the 'new' can be
He read five books while he was 01/ holida),. the agent of the active sentence.
Simple tenses are dealt with further in Units 2, 3, and 5. 'Whllt a lovely pllill tillg' , 'Yes. It was pll ill ted by Callaletto.'
4 In informal language, we often use YOli or the)' to refer to people in
The continuous aspect general or to no person in particular. In this way we can avoid using
The continuous aspect focuses on the duration of an activity. We are the passive.
aware of the passing of time between the beginning and the end of You call buy IlIlythillg in Harrods.
the activity. The activity is not permanent. They're bllildillg a Ilew Ilirport 50011.
I'm staying with friwds IIlltil I find a flat. (= temporary)
5 There are many past participles that are used more like adjectives.
What Ilre YOLI doing all ),ollr 'Wilds alld knees? (= in progress)
I've been leaming English for ),ellrs. (And I still am.) ['11/ver), impressed by YOllr work.
DOII't phone at S.OO. We'll be eating. (= in progress) YO/l /Illist be disappointed with YOllr exalll res 1I Its.
I'm exhausted! I've beell Oil III)' feet Illl dlly
2 Because the activity is seen in progress, it can be interrupted.
Passive sentences are dealt with further in Unit 3.
We were walking across a field when Ive were Ilttl/cked b)' Il bul!.
'Am I disturbil1g you?' 'No. I'm jll$t doil1g the ironing.'
3 The activity may not be complete. UNIT 2
I was writil1g Il report on the flight home. (I didn't finish it.)
He was drowning, bllt we saved him. (He didn't die.) -; u Introduction to the Present Perfect
Who's been eating l1Iy chocolllles? (There are some left.)
4 The action of some verbs, by definition, lasts a long time, for Many languages have a past tense to refer to past time, and a present
example, live, work, play. The continuous gives these actions limited tense to refer to present time. English has these, too, but it also has
duration and makes them temporary. the Present Perfect, which relates past actions to the present.
Hans is living ill London while he's leaming English. 2 The use of the Past Simple roots an action in the past, with no
I'm working IlS a waiter !tlltil I go to university. explicit connection to the present. When we come across a verb in
Murray has been playing !Veil recently. Mllybe he'lIlVill Wimbledon. the Past Simple, we want to know When?
5 The action of some other verbs lasts a short time, for example, lose, 3 The use of the Present Perfect always has a link with the present.
brellk, cut, hit, crash. They are often found in the simple. When we come across a verb in the Present Perfect, we want to
I lost aI/my mOlley. I've crashed your car. Sorry. know how this affects the situation now.
She's wt her finger. He hit me. 4 Compare these sentences.
In the continuous, the action of these verbs seems longer or habitual. I lived ill Rome. (But not any more.)
I've been cutting the grass. (= for hours) I've lived ill Rome, Paris, Ill1d New York. (I know all these cities now.)
He was hitting me. (= again and again) I've beenlivillg ill New York for ten years. (And I'm living there now.)
Grammar Reference 1-2 141

She's been arrested three times. (She's still alive.) The use of the continuous suggests a possibly incomplete action.
She was arrested three times. (She's dead.) I'm tired because I've been wOI·king. (Finished? Not finished?)
Did you see the Aji'icllIl art exhibitioll? (It's finished now.) SOl1leone's been eating 111)' chocolates. (There are some left.)
Have yo II seen the Africml art e.xhibitioll? (It's still on.) • The continllous can be found unqualified by any further information.
Did you see that pwgrmllll1e Oil TV? (I'm thinking of the one that I'Ill wet because I've been swimming.
was on last night.) Vle're tired bem use we've beel1 working.
Did you enjoy the film? (Said as we're leaving the cinema.) 'Why are YOll red?' 'I've been running.'
Ha ve YOll enjoyed the holiday? (Said near the end of the holiday.) The simple sounds quite wrong in this use.
Where have I put Illy glasses? (I want them now.)
*J\e S"UIl1. *'Ne've 'dorked. *f¥e-f.utr.
'Nhere did I put my glasses? (I had them a minute ago.)
It rained yestel·day. (= past time) • Sometimes there is little difference between the Past Simple and the
It's been snowing. (There's snow still on the ground.) Present Perfect.
did ),011 put I III)' ke),s?
Present Perfect Simple and Continuous
Where I have ),011 pllt
See the introduction to the perfect aspect and the continuous aspect in American English is different from British English. In American
Unit 1. These tenses have three main uses. English, these sentences are correct.
Did yOll hear the llell'S? The Presidellt resigllerl!
Unfinished past
Did yOIl do ),Ollr hOlllcwork yet?
The verb action began in the past and continues to the present. It YOllr father jllst wiled YOll.
possibly goes on into the future, as well. [ had breakfast already.
We've lived ill this house for (Well!), years.
Sorry I'm late. Have YOll been waiting [ollg? 3 Indefinite past
I've been a teacher for five years. The verb action happened at an unspecified time in the past. The actual
I've been working at the sallie school all that tillle. time isn't important. ,,·,Ie are focusing on the experience at some time
in our life.
Notes
Have YOIl ever taken karate classes?
• There is sometimes little or no difference between the simple and She's Ilever been abroad.
the continuous. Have YOIl ever beell flying ill a plalle whell it's hit all air pocket?
I've played '
I ,ve beet! pI
ayl1lg
I tell/llS..slllce I was a k'd
'1 . . Note
• The continuous can sometimes suggest a more temporary situation. Notice these two sentences.
The simple can sound more permanent. She's been to Spain. (At some time in her life.)
I've been living with a llOst famil), for Si.:lC weeks. She's gOlle to Spaill . (And she's there now.)
The castle has stood on the hill overlookillg the sea jiJr centuries. The first is an example of indefinite past.
The second is an example of present result.
Certain verbs, by definition, suggest duration, for example, wait, rain,
snow, learll, sit, lie, play, Slay. They are often found in the continuous.
It's been raining all da),. UNIT 3
She's been sitting reading for hOllrs.
Remember that state verbs rarely take the continuous.
.' - Narrative tenses
I've known Joall for years. 'I've been knO'ding
How 10llg have yo II had that car? 'have you been hft. ing
Past Simple and Present Perfect
I've never IInderstood why she likes hilll. *1' \ e Itever been understanding
See the introduction to the perfect aspect and the simple aspect on
2 Present result p 141. The Past Simple differs from all three uses of the Present
The verb action happened in the past, usually the recent past, and the Perfect.
results of the action are felt now. The Past Simple refers to finished past.
YOll've changed. What have ),011 done to YOllrselj? Shakespeare wrote plays. (He's dead.)
I've lost sOllle lveight. I've written short stories. (I'm alive.)
I've been doing sOllle exercise.
2 There is no present result.
I'm covered ill mlld becallse I've been gardening.
I hurt ll1y back. (But it's better now.)
In this use, the simple emphasizes the completed action. The
I've hurt my back. (And it hurts now.)
continuous emphasizes the repeated activities over a period of time.
3 It refers to definite past.
Notes last Ilight.
Certain verbs, by definition, suggest a short action, for example, I saw him two weeks ago.
start, filld, lose, begin, stop, break, die, decide, Cllt. They are more on Monday.
often found in the simple. at 8.00.
We've decided to get Illarried. Compare this with the indefinite adverbials found with the Present
I've broken a tooth. Perfect.
I've wt Illy finger. J'
ve seell
I.
1lI11
I before.
recently.
In the continuous, these verbs suggest a repeated activity.
I've been stopping sll10king for years. since Jalluary.
YOll've been losing everything lately. Wlwt's the matter with you'
I've been cutting wood.
I haven't seen hill! I yet.
for months.
• The use of the simple suggests a completed action .
I've painted the bathroom.
I
I ,v e .never
Just
I seen 1lInt.
.
142 Grammar Reference 2-3

Note I arrived to pick up Dave, but he had already left.
Even when th ere is no past time adverbial, we can 'build' a past time in Keith was fed lip. He'd beelliookillgfor a Job for months, bllt he'd
our head. fOlmd I/othillg.
Did you have a good jOllrtlcy? (The journey's over. You're here now.)
Notes
Thank yo II for SlIpper. It was lovely. (The meal is finished.)
Where did yo II bllY tirat shirt? (when you were out shopping the • The continuous refers to longer actions or repeated activities. The
other da),.) simple refers to shorter, complete facts.
He'd lost his job alld his flatlllate had throw1l him Ollt. Since then
Past Simple he'd bee1l sleepi1lg rOllgh, alld he hadll't beell eati1lg properly.
The Past Simple is used: • The Past Perfect can refer to definite as well as indefinite time.
1 to express a fi nish ed action in the past. I knew his face ill1mediately. I'd first met him ill October 1993. (=
definite)
ColllmbllS discovered AlIleriw ill 1492.
[recognized her face. I'd seen her somewhere before. (= indefinite)
2 to express actions which follow each other in a story.
Illeard voices cOlllingfrom dowlIstairs, so I put on Ill)' dressing-gown Past Perfect and Past Simple
alld went to illvestigate.
Verbs in the Past Simple tell a story in ch ro nological order.
3 to express a past state or habit.
John worked hard all day to prepare for the dinner. Evelyone had a
Wirell [was a child, we lived ill a small hOllse by the sca. Every day I good time. Even the food was all right. Unforwnately, Andy upset Peter,
walked for miles all the beacir.
so Peter left early. Pilt came looking for Peter, bllt he Wasll't there.
This use is often expressed with IIsed to.
It was a great evening. John sat alld looked at all the mess. He felt
We IIsed to live .. . tired. It was time lor bed.
I IIsed to walk .. .
2 By using the Past Perfect, the speaker or writer can tell a story in a
See Unit 9 for more information on I/sed to. different order.
See Unit II for information on the Past Simple llsed for hypothesis.
John sat and looked at all the Illess. It !tad beell a great evening, alld
everyone had !tad (/ good time. Even the food had beell all right.
Past Continuous
Un/ortlllwtd)" Andy upset Peter, so Peter left em·ly. Par came looking
See the introduction to the continuolls aspect on p 141. for Peter, bill he'd already galle.
The Past Continuolls is used:
Jol1ll felt tired. He'd beell working aI/ day to prepare for the dinller. It
to express an activity in progress before and probably after a time in was time for bed.
the past.
I phoncd at 4.00, bllt there lVas no reply. \·I/hat were Y01l doillg? Note
For reasons of style, it is not necessary to have ever), verb in the Past
2 to describe a past situation or activity.
Perfect.
The cottage was looking so cosy A fire was burning i,l the grate,
... Andy IIpset Peter ... Peter left ...
lII usic was playing, and frolll the kitch en were cOllling the 1110st
deliciolls sl11e1l5. Once the time of 'past in the past' has been established, the Past Simple
can be used as long as there is no ambiguity.
3 to express an interrupted past activity.
[ was havillg a bath when the pllone rang. Time clauses
4 to express an incomplete activity in the past. I We can use time conjunctions to talk about two actions that happen
I was readillg a book during the flight. (But I didn't finish it.) one after the other. Usually the Past Perfect is not necessary in these
I watclled a film during the flight. (the whole film) cases, although it can be used.
5 to express an activity that was in progress at every mo ment during a After I'd !tad/had a bath, I wellt to bed.
period of time. As 50011 as the guests left!lzad left, I started tidyillg lip.
I was working nIl do)' yesterda)'. I sat ol/lside IIlltil the mn had galle/went down.
They were fighti1lg for the Il'hole of tire holiday 2 The Past Perfect can help to make the first action seem separate,
independent of the second, or completed before the second action
Notes
started.
• The Past Simple expresses past actions as simple, complete facts. The Whell Ihad read the paper, [ threw it away.
Past Contin uo us gives past activities time and duration. We stayed up IImil 01/ the gllests had gone.
'Wh(/t did yo 11 do last night?'
3 Two verbs in the Past Simple can suggest that the first action led
'I stayed at hallie and watched the football.'
into the other, or that one caused the other to happen.
'J phoned YOII last night, bllt there was no reply.'
'Olr, I was watching the football and [ didll't hear the phone. Sorry.' Whell I heard the news, I burst out crying.
As SOOIi as the alarm went off, I got up.
Notice how the questions in the Past Continuous and Past Simple
refer to different times. 4 The Past Perfect is more common with when because it is
ambiguous. The other conjunctions are more specific, so the Past
When we arrived, Jan was ironing. She stopped irolling and 111ade
Perfect is not so essential.
sOlne cojJee.
Whllt was she doing when we arriwd? She was ironing. As 50011 as all the gllests left, J tidied the hOllse.
What did she do when we arrived? She l11ade sOl11e coffee. Before I /IIet YOll, I didn't know the meanillg of kindness.
Wlrell [ opelled tire door, the cat JlImped out.
Past Perfect \IIflJen I'd opened themail.Il/1ade alwther ClIp of tea.
See the introduction to the perfect aspect and the continuous aspect See Unit I I for information on the Past Perfect used for hypothesis.
on pl41.
The Past Perfect is used to look back to a time in the past and refer to
an action that happened before then.
She was clying bewllse her grandmotirer had died.
Grammar Reference 3 143

UNIT 4 :~ 4.2 Negatives
Forming negatives
: "~ 4.1 Questions V>le make negatives by adding lIot after the au~iliary verb. [f there is
no auxiliary verb, we add do/docs/did.
Question forms
[haven't SCCII her for ages.
Notice these question forms.
It wasn't raillillg.
• Subject questions with no auxiliary verb YOII shouldn't have galle to so Illlleh (rallh/e.
WllO broke the wil/dow? We dOIl't like big dogs.
WI,at happens M the elld or the book? The)' didn't wallt to go alit.
Questions with prepositions at th e end 2 The verb have has two forms in the present.
Who is ),ollr leIter from? [ dOIl't have
[ Ilavell ' t got
I all)' I/IOIlCY.
What are ),011 (alkil/g about?
Question words + noun/adjective/adverb But ... I didll't have an)' //lol1ey.
What sort of IIIlIsic do YOli like? 3 Infinitives and -illg forms can be negative.
How big is iheir Ilew hOllse? We decided IlOt to do allythillg.
How fast does YOllr car go? I like IIOt workillg. II suits lIle.
Other ways of asking Why? 4 Not ca n go with other parts of a se ntence.
What did YOII do that for? Ask I,illl, /lot me.
How come )'01/ got here before liS? BII)' lIIe allythillg, bllt IlOt perfllme.
How collie ... ? expresses surprise. Not ice that there is no inversion in
S When we introduce nega tive ideas with verbs such as tlzillk, believe,
this question form.
sllppose, and i/l1agillc, we make the first verb negative, not the seco nd.
I don't think )'oll'rc right. ' I tltilik )O tJ aren't ...
what and which
[ dOIl't suppose )'0/1 wallt a gallIc of tell II is?
What and which are used with nouns to make question s.
6 [n short answers, the followin g forms are possible.
What size shoes do YOII tllke?
Which of these curries is the hottest? '[ thillk 50.'
'I believe so. '
2 Sometimes there is no difference between questions with \Vhat and Are ),011 cOlI/illg?' 'I hope so.'
\Vhich. 'I dOll 't think so.'
What/which is the biggest city ill ),ollr COlllltT)'? 'I hope 110/.'
Wllat/which channel is the IIIMe" Oil? [ thillk lIot is possible. " don ' t hOlle 80 is not possible.
3 We use lvhich when the speaker has a limited number of choices in
mind. Negative questions
There's 17/111' 0111' Ilnd a red 0111'. Wltich do ),011 Iva lit?
11 I Negative questions can express vario us ideas.
We use what when the speaker is not thinking of a limited number Haven't you finished school yet? (s urp rise)
of choices. Don't yo II think we should wait for thelll? (suggestion)
W1lat car do ),011 drive? Wouldn't it be better to go tOIl/arrow? (persuasion)
Can't )'0/1 see ['Ill blls),? Go awa),! (c riti cism)
Asking for descriptions IslI't it a lovely da)" (exclamation)
2 In the main use of negative questions, the speaker would normally
I What is X like? means Give me some information abo ut X because I
expect a positive situation, but now expresses a negative situation.
don't know anything about it.
The speaker therefore is surprised.
What's ),ollr capitlll cit)' like? DOII't ),011 like ice-cream? Everyol/e likes ice-crealll '
W1l1lt Ilre ),ollr pa rI'll ts like? Havell't yo II done YOLir hOlllelvork yet? What h<lve ),011 been doing?
2 How is X? asks about a person's health and happiness. 3 Negative questions can also be used to mean COllfinll what I think is
How's YOllr 1II0ther these da)'s? true. In this use it refers to a positive sit uat ion.
Sometimes both questions are possible. What ... like? asks for Haven't I met YOII sOlllewhere before? (I'm sure I have.)
objective information . How ... ? asks for a more personal reaction. Didll't lI'e speak abollt this yesterday? (['m sure we did.)
4 The difference between the two uses can be seen clearly if we change
'W1lat was the cOllferellce like?' 'Nois)'. Lots of people. It weill all till 6. '
them into sentences with question tags.
'How was the conferellce?' 'Brilliant. I had a good till/e. Met loads of
interesting people. ' YOIl haven't dOll e ),our homework ),et, have YOLl? (negative se nten ce,
positive tag)
How was YOllr jOllrney?
How's YOllr lIew job going? We've lIlet before, haven 't we? (positive sentence, negative tag)
How's ),ollr /Ileal?
Indirect questions UNIT 5

There is no inversion and no do/does/did in indirect questions.
J wonder what she's doing. • [ wonder 'n Aftt is she Geilig. Introduction to future forms
I don't know where he Iil'es. 'I don't know "here Gees he li,e. There is no one future tense in English. Instead , there are several verb
Tel/II/e whell the train leaves. forms that can refer to future time. Sometimes, several forms are
Do YO II rell/e/llber how she made the salad? possible to express a similar meaning, but not always.
I didn't understand what she was saying.
['ve 110 idea why he wellt to Illdin. wilt for prediction
['Ill lIot silre where they live.
I The most common use of will is as an auxiliary verb to show future
He doeslI't know whether he's com ing or going. time. It expresses a future fact or predictio n - at some time ill the

(liture this el'ellt will happen. This use is uncoloured by ideas such as Other uses of will and shalf
'intention, decision, arrangement, willingness, etc. Will as a prediction is an auxiliary verb that simply shows future time.
I'll be thirt), ill a fell' da),s' time. It has no real meaning.
It wiII be cold and wet tomorrow, 1'111 afraid. Tomorrow will be cold and windy.
Who do )'ou think will win the match? 2 \Vill is also a modal auxiliary verb, and so it can express a variety of
You'll feel better if )'01/ take tllis lIledicine. meanings. The meaning often depends on the meaning of the main
I'll see ),011 latu. verb.
This is the nearest English has to a neutral. pure future tense. I'llileip ),011 carry those bags. (= offer)
2 Will for a prediction can be based more on an opinion than a fact or Will ),011 help me? (= willingness)
evidence. It is often found with expressions such as I think ... , I hope Will YOll open the window? (= request)
... ,1'111 Slire .... i'v[y car IVon 't start. (= refusal)
I tlzillk United will win the Clip tlzis year. I'll remember ),011 for ever. (= promise)
I hope you'll come and visit lIIe . The phone's ringing.' 'it'll be for me.' (= prediction aboLlt the present)
1'111 slire you'll pass your exa III S. 3 ShaJl is found mainly in questions. It is used with I and we.
3 I,Vill is common in the main clause when there is a subordinate vVhere shall I put ),our tea? (I'm asking for instructions.)
clause with if, when, before, etc. Note that we don't use will in the What shall we do tonight? (I'm asking for a decision.)
subordinate clause. Shall I cook slipper tonight? (I'm offering to help.)
You'll break the glass if)'ou arell 't careful. Shall we eat alit tonight? (I'm making a suggestion .)
Wllell you're ready, \Ve'll start the meeting.
I won't go until you arrive. Present Continuous for arrangements
As soon as Peter comes, we'll have lunch. I The Present Continuous is used to express personal arrangements
and fixed plans, especially when the time and place have been
going to for prediction decided. A present tense is used because there is some reality in the
Going to can express a prediction based on a present fact. There is present. The event is planned or decided, and we can see it coming.
evidence now that something is sure to happen. We can see the future The event is usually in tbe near future.
from the present. I'm lIaviTlg IUllch with Brian tOlllorrow.
Carefu[l That glass is going to fall oyer. Too latel What time are )'OU meeting hilll?
Look at that blue sk),! It's going to be a loYel)' day. Where are you having lunch?
What are YOII doing tonight?
Notes
2 The Present Continuous for future is often used with verbs of
• Sometimes there is little or no difference between 1Vill and going to. movement and activity.
We'll
1\, ' e, . I rUlI out of money if we aren't careful. Are ),011 coming to the conference?
re gOl11g to I'm meeting the director tomorrow.
• We use going to when we have physical evidence to support our I'm just taking the kids for a walk.
prediction. We're playing tennis this afte7'll0on.
It's going to rain. (Look at those black cia lids. ) 3 The Present Continuous is used to refer to arrangements between
Liverpool are going to will. (It's 4-0, and there are only five people. It is not used to refer to events that people can't control.
minutes left.) It's going to raill this afternoon. 'It's r8il~ing thi, afternoon.
That glass is goillg to fall. (It 's rolling to the edge of the table.) The sun rises at 5.30 tomorrow. ' The sun is risilig .. .
We can use 1Vill when there is no such outside evidence. Our
prediction is based on our own personal opinion. It can be more Notes
theoretical and abstract. Sometimes there is little or no difference between the Present
['Ill slIre you'll have a good time at the restallrant. (This is my Continuous and goillg to to refer to the fut ure.
opinion .) We're
1,\,e,
seeing
.
I Hamlet at tile theatre tomght.
.
I reckon Liverpool will will. (Said the day before the match.) re gOlllg to see
The glass will break if if falls. (This is what happens to glasses When there is a difference, the Present Continuolls emphasizes an
that fall.) arrangement with some reality in the present; going to expresses a
Compare the sentences. person's intentions.
I bet John will be late hallIe. The traffic is always bad at this tillle. I'm seeillg Ill)' old schoo/friends tonight.
(= my opinion) I'm going to ask her to help me. ' I'm asking ...
John's going to be late home. He le{t a message all the answerphone. What are )'OU doing tizis weekend?
(= a fact) What (Ire you going to do avoW the brokerl toilet? (= What have you
Don't lend Keith ),our car. He'll crash it. (= a theoretical prediction) decided to do?)
Look alit! We're going to crash' (= a prediction based on evidence)
Present Simple for timetables
Decisions and intentions - will and going to I The Present Simple refers to a future event that is seen as unalterable
I l,vill is used to express a decision or intention made at the moment because it is based on a timetable or calendar.
of speaking. My flight leaves at 10.00.
I'll phone ),011 back in a mil1l1te. Terril starts on 4 April.
GiYe me a ring some tillle. lVe'l/ go all/ together. What time does the film start?
The phone's ringing.' 'I'll get it. ' It's 111)' birthday tomorrolV.
2 Going to is used to express a future plan, decision. or intention made 2 It is used in subordinate clauses introduced by conjunctions such as if,
before the moment of speaking. when, before, as 50011 as, IInless, etc.
Whell she grows LIp, she's going to be a doctor. We'll h{we C1 picnic if the weather sta),s filll?
We're going to get married ill the spring. When I get home, I'll cook the dinner.
I'll leave as SOOIl as it stops raining.
Grammar Reference 5145

Future Continuous Both of 111)' children are c1el'er.
1 The Future Continuous expresses an activity that will be in progress I Ieel tired most of the time.
before and after a time in the future. I've had ellough ofyour jokes.
DOII't pholle at S.OO. We'll be having slipper. 4 For no and every, we use lIon e and everyone or all.
This tillle tomorrow I'll be flyillg to New York. NOlie of the audience was listelling.
2 The Future Continuous is used to refer to a future event that will All of the hotels were booked.
happen in the natural course of events. This use is uncoloured by In fo rma!' written English, 110ne is followe d by a singular form
ideas such as intention, decision, arrangement, or willingness. As of the verb.
time goes by, this event will occur. None of the guests has arrived yet.
DOIl't lVorry abollt aliI' gllests. They'll be arrivillg all)' lIlillLlte 1l01V. But in informal English, a plural verb is possible.
We'll be going right back to the football after the break. (said on NOlle of 111)' f riends smoke.
television ) NOlle of tire lights are working.
Future Perfect Note

\<\Then we use none with a plural noun or pronoun, the verb can be
The Future Perfect refers to an action that will be completed before a
singular or plural. Grammatically, it should be singular, but people
definite time in the future. It is not a very common verb form.
often use the plural when they speak.
I'll have done allll1Y lvor'k b)' this evening.
NOlle of 111)' friends is coming.
None of m)' frie11ds are coming.
UNIT 6 some, any, somebody, anything
I The basic rule is that some and its compounds are used in aftirmative
.~ Expressing quantity sentences, and any and its compounds in negatives and questions.
I need some help.
Quantifiers I need somebody to help 11Ie.
I The following can be used before a noun . Give 11Ie something for m)' headache.
some/any much/many each/every more/most I don 't need any shoppillg.
a littlellittle a few/few both fewerlless several We call't go anywhere withollt being recognized.
all/no enough Is there (Iny sligar left?
Did anyone phone me las/night?
With count
nouns only
IWith uncount
nouns only
With both count
and uncount nouns
2 Saine and its compounds are used in requests or invitations, or
wh en we expect the answer ' yes'.
- Have yo II got some mOlley )'0/1 collid lend me?
(not) many cigarettes (not) much luck some money WOlild YOIl like something to eat?
a few ca rs a little cheese some eggs Did someone phone me last night?
very few trees very little experience (not) any water Can lve go somewhere qlliet to talk?
fewer books less time (not) any friends 3 Anyand its compounds are used in affirmative sentences that have a
several answers marc/most cake negative meaning.
more/most people
He never has an)' money.
all/no work
YOll made hardly any mistakes.
all/no children
enough food I made the cake myself wit/lOut allY help.
enough apples 4 All)' and its com'pounds are used to express It doem't matter which/
who/ where.
With singular count nouns only With plural count nouns only
Take any book ),011 like. I don't mind.
each boy both pa ren ts Allyone will tell )'ou 2 alld 2 makes 4.
every time Sit anywhere yo 11 like.
I cat anything. ['m lIOt fllssy.
2 Most of the quantifiers can be used without a noun. No, all, ever)"
and eaclr cannot. nobody, no one, nowhere, nothing
Have YOIl got allY mOlle),? Not much/a little/ella ugh. I These are more emphatic forms.
Are there allY eggs? A few/not m(lny. I saw nobody allwcekClld.
Have sOllie salad. I don't wallt any. I've caten nothing all day.
Hal\' mall)' people came? Very few. 2 They can be used at the beginning of sentences.
Have some more tea. I've got some.
No olle was sal'cd.
Did AIIII or Sam go? Both.
Nobody Il11cierSlands 17Ie.
3 Most of the quantifiers can be used with of + tire/III)'/those, etc. + Nowhere is safe all)' more.
noun. No and evel), cannot.
The)' took all of my //lOlley. much, many, a lot of, lots of, a great deal of,
Take a few of these tablets. a large number of, plenty of
Some of the people at the match started leavillg. I Milch and 11/an)' are usually used in questions and negatives.
1\fere any of my friends at the cafe?
How much does it cost?
Vcr)' few of my friends smoke. How mallY people came to the meeting?
Not milch of the food was left. Is there milch lInemployment;n your co II lifT)'?
I've Illissed too many of my French lessons. I dOII't have milch money
I collidn't answer several of the questions.
Will there be mallY people there?
I'll ha.ve a little of the strawberry cake, please.
YOIl dOIl't see many slIakes ill England.

2 We find milch and /1/al1)' in affirmative sentences after 50, as, and UNIT 7
too.
He has so much mOlley that he doeslI't kllow what to do with it. ~j::t Introduction to modal auxiliary verbs
She ha511't got as many fricl1ds as I havc.
\'ou lIlake too mallY lIlistakes. Be carejili. These are the modal auxiliary verbs.
3 In affirmative sentences, the following forms are found. can could may might shall should
SpokenJinformal will would must ought to
There'll be plenty offood/people. (uncounl and count) They are llsed with great frequency and with a wide range of
We't'e got lots of time/friends. (uncount and count) meanings. They express ideas such as willingness and ability,
llost a lot of Illy furniture/things. (uncount and count) permission and refusal, obligation and prohibition, suggestion,
Written/more formal necessity, promise and intention. All modal auxiliary verbs can
A great deal of money \Vas lost dllrillg the tvar. (uncount) express degrees of certainty, probability, or possibility.
A large number of matches were callcelled due to bad wcather. 2 They have several characteristics.
(count)
• There is no ·s in the third person.
MallY \Vorld leaders arc quite yOUIlg. (count)
Much time is tVllsted ill trivial pllrsuits. (uncount) He CIlIl SII'illl.
She III//st go.
4 These forms are found without nouns.
There is 110 do/does in the question.
'Have YOII got Cllol/gh socks?' 'Lots.'
'How /I/(I/lY people were there?' 'A lot.' Mil)' IllSk II questioll?
DOII't 1I'0rry abollt/ood. \Ve've got plenty. Sltall we go?
• There is no dOI1'tldoeslI't in the negative.
little/few/(ess/fewer \'011 shoilidn't tell /ies.
I A little and a Jell' express a small amount or number in a positive \'01/ IVa II '( he/ieFe this.
way. Although there is only a little, it is probably enough. • They are followed by an infinitive without to. The exception
CIlII YOII lelld Ille a little sugar? is ollgh I (0.
A few friends arc cOllling rOlllld tonight. It //light raill.
2 Little and few express a small amollnt in a negative way. There is not COlliel YOIl help?
enough. We alight to be all ollr lVoy
Very few people pa$seci the eXIIIII. • They don't really have past forms or infin itives or .illg forms. Othe r
There's very little milk left. verbs are used instead.
3 FelVer is the comparative ofJew, less is the comparative of little. I had to Ivork hard I!'hell I WIIS yOllng.
FelVer people relld books these days. (= count noun) f'd love to be able to ski.
I spelllliess alld less (ime doillg Ivltat I walll to. (= uncount noun) I lime havi1lg to get lip ill the 1II0millg.
It is becoming more common to find less with a count noun. Many • They can be used with perfect infinitives to refer to the past. For
people think that this is incorrect and sounds terrible. more information, see Grammar Reference Unit lOon piS!.
• Less peop,'e ,ead book.;. YOII shollid have told me that YOII call't swim.
'You ,;/,tlIllti 31116kc le.-: t'igmCl1es. 1'011 //light have drowlled!

She IIII1St have been c/'lIz)' to lea!'e tlUlt jo/).
all
We do not usually lise all to mean cwry/lOdylct'cryollc/cvcr)'thillg. ,:.fJ Modal auxiliary verbs of probability, present and future
Everybody hlld II good lilllc.
Everythillg 1"115 ruilled ill the fire. The main modal auxiliary verbs that express probability are described
I .Ill id hello to everyone,
here in order of certainty, Will is the most certain, and III ightlco1I1d are
the least certain.
But if all is followed by a relative clause, it can mean cl'crything.
All (thlll) 1011'11 is ),ollrs. will
I spelld all I carl/.
Will and IVOII't are used to predict a future action. The truth or
This structu re can have a negative meaning, expressing ideas such as
1I0thillg II/ore or ol1ly this. certainty of what is asserted is more or less taken for granted.
I'll see you III tel'.
All I want is a place to sleep.
His Imest book will be Ollt /lext 1II01lth.
All I had 11'115 a COl/pie o/5alldll'ichcs.
All that happel/ed IVtJS that he pushed her a bit, alld she Jell over. 2 Will and \vOI/'t are also used to express what we believe or guess to
2 Before a noun with a determiner (for example the, III)" tltis) both all be true about the present. They indicate an assumption based on
and all a/are possible. our knowledge of people and things, their routines, ch,uacter, and
qualities.
\'01/ ellt all (of) the time.
All (of) my friends are cOlllillg tOl/ight.
'\'01/ 'Fe got a letter ./i·ol/1 CllIlilda .' 'l t '11 be /i'O/lI III)' ill/lit Fredll. '
Leave the mellt ill the OVeI/. It IVOI/'t be cooked yet.
Before a noun with no determiner, we use all. '1lVOI/der IVhat Sarah's doing.' 'Well, it's ivJollday /1/omillg, so I glless
All people lire bam equal. tltot right 1I01V she'll be taking the childrell to school.'
3 With personal pronouns, we use all of.
All ofyo II passed. H'ell elOIle! must and can't
l elOII 't /Iced these books. You CIlII hal'e all of them. I MI/sl is used to assert what we infer or conclude to be the most
logical or rational interpretation of a situation. \Ve do not have all
the facts, so it is less certain than lVill.
1'01/ say he walked ocross the Silhara Desert! He /tIlIst be /1/ad!
You must be jokingl I simply dOll '( belieFe ),011.

2 The negative of this use is call't. 3 To express a fulfilled ability on one particular occasion in the past,
She can't have II tell-yellr-old dllllghter' She's ollly twentY-aile herself eOlild is not used. Instead, we usc \\Ins Ilble to or managed to.
'Whose is this callt?' 'It call't be Mllry's. It's too slllllll.' She was able to slln'i!'e b)' clinging OlltO the wrecked bollt.
The prisoner managed to escape by clilllbing Ol1to the roof
should
Shol/ld expresses what may reasonably be expected to happen. Advice
Expectation means believing that things are or will be as we want Sholiid and ollght express mild obligation or advice. Should is much
them to be. This use of shoilid has the idea of if everythillg has galle more common.
Ilccordillg to plllll. YOI/ shollid go to bed. YOII look ver), tired.
gllests should be here SOOIl (if the), hllvell 't gal lost).
0111' YOII ought to tllke thillgs ellsier.
This homework shouldn't take yo II too 10llg (i(yoll've IlIlderstood 2 We use llild better to give strong advice, or to tell people what to do.
what yo II hllv1' to do). There can be an element of threat - 'If you don't do this, something
We should be moving illto 0111' lIew hOl/se 50011 (liS 10llg liS 1I0thing bad will happen.'
goe:; wrollg). YOII'd betIer get {/ hairCllt before the interview. (If you don't, you
2 Shollid in this use has the idea that we want the action to happen. It won't get the job.)
is not used to express negative or unpleasant ideas. I'm Inte. I'd better get II 1I10ve all. (If I don't, I'll be in trouble.)
1'01/ should pass the 1'XIIIII. You've worked 11Ilrd.
Note
'Yell :;/iecdtlfllil fhe CXlit/1. YOli hllven't dOlle 1111)' work lit all.
The form is always past (fllld), but it refers to the immediate future.
We would say ... I don't thillk yOI/'1I pass the e..\:alll.
She'd better stllrt revising. The exallls lire lIext I \leek.
may and might
May expresses the possibility that an event will happen or is
Obligation
happening. Mllst expresses strong obligation. Other verb forms are provided by
H'e may go to Greece this yellT'. We hIlVell'( decided yet. hllve to.
'Where's AIIII" 'She may be having II bath, I dOIl't kllow.' YOII must /ry harder!
2 Might is more tentative and slightly less certain than Illll)'. 1'011 /IIustn't hit ),ollr bab)' brother.
It might raill. Take yOl/r ul/lbrella. What time do YOLI have to start work?
'Where's Peter?' 'He might be IIpstairs. There's II light 011.' I had to work hllrd to PllS5 111)' eXIl/IlS. (Past Simple)
YOII'll have to do this exercise again. (future)
3 Learners of English often express these concepts of future possibility We lIlight have to mllke sOllle eeollolllies. (infinitive)
with pcrhllps or maybe . .. will and so avoid using I lilly and III igh t. She's never had to do II single dll)"s work ill her life. (Present Perfect)
However, these are widely used by native speakers, and you should J llilte having to get up ellriy. (-illg form)
try to use them.
2 Must expresses the opinion of the speaker.
could I must get lit)' hllir Cllt. (I am telling myself.)
COllld has a similar meaning to might. YOII must do this Ilgllill. (Teacher to student)
Must is associated with a more formal, written style.
You could be right. ['/II not slIre.
Candidlltes //lust IlIlSIVer three questiolls. (On an exam paper)
Thlltfilm could be worth seeing. It had (j good ,-cview.
Books must be refilmed b)' the e/ld of the week. (Instructions in a
2 Couldll't is not used to express a future possibility. The negative of library)
could in this use is lIlight 1I0t.
3 Have to expresses a general obligation based on a law or rule, or
You might /lot be right. based on the authority of another person .
Thllt fillll might /lot be 1111)' good.
Childrell have to go to schoolLlIltil tlcey're sixteell. (It's the law.)
3 Couldn't has a similar meaning to cllll'/above, only slightly weaker. A,lulll SIl)'S ),011 have to tidy yotlr roc)//l.
She couldn't have II tell-ycllr-old dllllghtcr! She's only 21 herself 4 Mustn't expresses negative obligation. DOIl't have 10 expresses the
absence of obligation.
Related verbs
YOli mustn't steil/. It's va)' I1ll/lghty
Here are some related verb forms that express probability.
1'011 don't have to go to Englalld if ),011 11'1l/1t to lellm English.
Willilllll'S so brnin)'. He's bouTld to pass the exam.
5 Hilve gal to is common in British English. 1t is more informal than
We're having II picnic /OlIlorro1V, so it's bound to miT/.
hllve to.
You're likely to find life ver), differellt when ),011 live in China.
Are you likely to come across ludith while you're in Oxford? I've got to go now. Cheerio!
DOII't have a Illte night. We've got to get lip earl)' tOlllorrow.
6 Here are some related verb forms that express obligation.
t
Other uses of modal auxiliary verbs and related verbs
Visitors are required to have II I'isil.
Here is some further information about modal auxiliary verbs, but it is Wlten YOII're 18, YOII're supposed to take responsibility for YOllrself
by no means complete. See a grammar book for more details. You arell't supposed to park ill II IlO-parkillg zOlle.
You Ileed to think careful/y before you IIIllke a decision.
Ability He doesn't need to work. He's II l1Iil/ionllire.
Call expresses ability. The past is expressed by could.
[ ellll spellk three IllI/guages. Permission
I could swilll when I 1VIIS three. I Ma)" CIlII, and could are used to ask for permission.
2 Other forms are provided by be IIble to. May I Ilsk you II question?
May I lise your phone?
I've never been able to Imderstlllld her. (Present Perfect)
Call/Could I go home? J dOll 't feel wel/.
I'd lovc to be able to drive. (infinitive)
Call/Could I borrow YOllr CIlr tonight?
Being able to drive hilS transformed 171)' life. (-ing form)
You'll be able to walk Ilgaill soon. (future)
148 Grammar Reference 7

2 A'fay is used to give permission, but it sounds very formal. Call and 3 DR clauses are much more common in the spoken language, and
can't are more common. NDR clauses are more common in the written language. In the
You call lise a dictiollary in this exalll. spoken language, we can avoid a NDR clause.
You can't stay lip til/midnight. You're onlyfive. My friend Andrew pla),s the bagpipes. He's Scottish, by the way.
YOl/ call't smoke ill here. It's forbidden. 4 When we speak, there is no pause before or after a DR clause, and
3 To talk about permission generally, or permission in the past, we no commas when we write. With NDR clauses, there are commas
use call, CO II ld, or be allowed to. before and after, and pauses when we speak.
Children can/are allowed to do what they want these days. I like the things )'ou sa)' to me. (No commas, no pauses)
I go out on 111)' OWI1 Ulltl.I / My aunt (pause), who has beel1 a widow for twenty years (pause),
I couldn't was.
slxteel1. loves travelling.
lV1lSIl't allowed to
4 Here are some related verb forms that express permission.
Defining relative clauses
Passellgers are 110t permitted to lise mobile phones.
My parents don't allow me to 1 Notice how we can leave out the relative pronoun if it is the object
['11/ not allowed to stay alit late.
of the relative clause. This is very common .
My parents dOIl't let me Pronoun left out
Note that this sentence with let is not possible in the passive. Did you like the present ( ) [ gave ),Oll?
'rill 11M iet ... Who was that man ( ) you were talking to?
The thing ( ) I like about Dave is his sense of IWlI1our.
Willingness and refusal 2 We cannot leave out the pronoun if it is the subject of the clause.
'v\fill expresses willingness. Wall 't expresses a refusal by either people Pronoun not left out
or things. Shall is used in questions. I met a lIlall who works in advertising.
I'll help YOLi. ['lIlmd YOII the book that changed 111)' life.
She says she won't get up III/til she's had breakfast ill bed. The thing that helped me /11ost WllS blOwing I wasn't alolle.
The car won't start.
3 Here are the possible pronouns. The words in brackets are possible,
Shall I give yo II a hand? but not as common. __ means 'nothing'.
2 The past is expressed by wOl/ldn't.
My mum said she wouldn't give me any more money. Isn't she meall? I Person I Thing
Subject who (that) that (which)
Requests I __ (that) __ (that)
Several modal verbs express a request.
Object I
Can!couldlwill/would you do me a favour? Notes
Can!could I open the window? That is preferred to w/lich after superlatives, and words such as all,
lVlodal verbs are also dealt with in Units 9, 10, and I!. every(thillg), sOllle(thing), any(tltillg), and ollly.
That's the fullniest film that was ever made.
All that's left is a few slices of cheese.
UNIT 8 Give me something that'll take away the pain.
He's good lit any sport that is played with a ball.
8.1 Introduction to relative clauses The ollly thing that'll help YOll is rest.
That is also preferred after it is ...
It is important to understand the difference between two kinds of
relative clauses. It is a film that will be vcry papillar.
Defining relative (DR) clauses qualify a noun, and tell us exactly Prepositions usually come at the end of the relative clause.
which person or thing is being referred to. COllie al/d meet the people I work with.
She likes people who are good fun to be with. This is the book I was tellillg you about.
Children who tell lies arc odious. She's a friend I can always rely all.
A seeatcllrs is a thing you use to prune roses.
She likes people on its own doesn't mean ver)' much; we need to Non-defining relative clauses
know which people she likes. 1 Relative pronouns call/lOt be left out of NDR clauses.
who tell lies tells us exactly which children are odious. Without it, Relative pronoun as subject
the speaker is saying that all children are odious. Paul Jellnings, who has writtell several books, addressed the meeting.
A secateurs is a thing doesn't make sense on its own. His last book, which received a lot of praise, has been a great Sllccess.
2 Non-defining relative (NDR) clauses add secondary information to Relative pronoun as object
a sentence, almost as an afterthought. Paul Jennings, who J kllew at university, add7'essed the lIleetil/g.
My friend Andrew, who is Scottish, plays the bagpipes. His last book, which I couldn't ullderstand at all, has bew a great
Children, who tell lies, are odious. success.
My fa vml rite building is the university library, which is surroullded 2 Look at the possible pronouns. \>\f/lOm is possible, but not as
by fountains .
common.
My friend Andrew is clearly defined. \Ve don't need to know which
Andrew is being discussed. The clause who is Scottish gives us extra Person Thing
information about him.
II
Subject ... , who ... , ... , which ... ,
The clause who tell lies suggests that all children teU lies. It isn't
necessary to identify only those that deceive - they all do!
Object I ... , who (whom) ... , ... , which ... ,
My favonrite building is clearly defined . The following clause simply
Note
tells us something extra.
Prepositions can come at the end of the clause.
He talked abollt theories of market forces, which I'd never even heard of

I n a more formal written style, prepositions come before the pronoun. UNIT 9
The pril,atizatiolJ of railways, to which tl,c present goverlllJlelJt is
colI/lllitted, is 110t IIlJiversally papillar. Expressing habit
which
Wllieh can be used in NDR clauses to refer to the whole of the sentence
Present Simple
before. 1 Adverbs of frequency come before the main verb, but after the verb
She arrived all tilJle, which alJlazed everybody. to be.
He glll'e away all his //Jolley, which I thollght was ridiCli 10 115. • We hardly ever go alit.
The coffee lJIachil/e iSII't lvorkillg, which IIlcallS we WII't have allY coffee. She frequeutly forgets what she's doing.
We dOIl't usually eat fish.
whose I rarely see Peter these days.
Whose can be lIsed in both DR clauses and NOR clauses. We are seldom at home ill the e\'elling.
That's the wOlJlan whose son was killed recently. Is he 1I0rmally so bad-tell1pered?
My parellts, whose ollly interest is gardening, IIcver go away all holiday. 2 Sometimes, /ls/lally, and occasiollally can come at the beginning or
what the end of a sentence.
What is used in DR clauses to mean the thing that. Sometimes IVC pIa), cards.
Has she told YOIl what's worryillg her? We go to the cinellla occasio1lally.
What I Ileed to kllow is where Ive're lJIeetillg. The other adverbs of frequency don't usually move in this way.
-,jloh1)S {lillie tea;'1 the Illoming.
why, when, where
Why can be used in DR clauses to mean the reasoll why.
I Present Continuous
I dOIl't kllow why we're argllillg. The Present Continuous can be used to express a habit which
2 Whell and where can be used in DR clauses and NOR clauses. happens often and perhaps unexpectedly. It happens more than is
Tell me when YOll expect to arrivc. usual.
The hotel where we stayed Ivas excel/wt. I like Peter. He's a/wllYs smiling.
We go walkillg all Mo II days, when the rest of the 1V0rid is working. She's always givi1lg people p,·esents.
He works ill Oxford, where /1/y sister lives. 2 However, there is often an element of criticism with this structure.
Compare these sentences said by a teacher.
, 8.2 Participles Pedro always asks questions ill class. (This is a fact.)
Pedro is a/ways asking (jiles/ions ill class. (This al1noys the tracher.)
When present participles (-illg) are used like adjectives or adverbs,
3 There is usually an adverb of frequency with this use.
they are active in meaning.
I'm always losing Illy keys.
Modem art is ilJteresting.
She's forever leavillg the bath taps nlnlling.
Pour boililJg water OlltO the pasta.
She sat ill the corner cryilJg.
will and would
2 \Vhen past participles (-ed) are used like adjectives or adverbs, they
Will and wOlild express typical behaviour. They describe both
are passive in meaning.
pleasant and unpleasant habits.
['/1/ interested ill fIlodem art.
He'll sit il1 his chair for hOllrs all wd.
Look at that brokell doll.
She'd spelld all day 10llg gossipillg with the neighbollrs.
He sat ill his chair, filled lVith horror at IVhat he had jllst sew.
Would cannot be used to espress a state.
3 Participles after a noun define and identify in the same way as
'He'd hI e in a ttll'ge hcJ!ue.
relative clauses.
I filet a 11'01/1(//1 riding a donkey. (= who was riding ... ) 2 Will and lVo/lld, when decontracted and stressed, express an
The car stolen ill the night was later found abandolled. (= that was annoying habit.
stolen ... ) He WILL cO/lle illto the hOllse with his muddy boots all.
She WOULD /1/ake liS wash ;'1 ice-cold water.
4 Participles can be used as adverbs. They can describe:
two actions happening at the same time. used to + infinitive
She sat by the fire reading a book. This structure expresses a past action and/or a state. It has no
two actions that happen one after another. present equivalent.
Opening his case, he took alit a gUll. When I lVas a child, we used to go all holiday to the seaside. (actioll)
If it is important to show that the first action is completed before He used to live ill a large hOllse. (state)
the second action begins, we use the perfect participle. 2 Notice the negative and the question.
Having finished llinch, we set off all our jou/"Ilcy. Where did YOIl use to go?
Having had a shower, she got dressed. We didn't use to do anything illterestillg.
two actions that happen one because of another. 3 We cannot use llsed to with a time reference + a number.
Being mean, he never bOllght anyone a present. 'We f".I5cd /0 hal e (j holiday the,-e )Y!I" 10 feals/three tillitS.
Not kilo wing what to do, I waited patiet/tly. But ...
5 Many verbs are followed by -illg forms. \'\Ie used to go there every year.
I spellt the holiday reading. In a narrative, when expressing a series of past actions, it is common
DOIl't waste tillle thillking abollt the past. to begin with used to, then continue with would, for reasons of
Let's go swimming. style.
He keeps Otl asking me the sallle questioll. Wizen I IVas a child, we used to go 011 holiday to the seaside. We'd play
on the beach, til ell we'd eat at a slnail cafe at itlllciltimc

be/get used to + noun + -ing form might have done
I This is totally different from IIsed to + infinitive. It expresses an I The above use of should have dOllc can also be expressed with might
action that was difficult, strange, or unusual before, but is no longer have dOl/C.
so. Here, IIsed is an adjective, and it means fallliliar with. 1'011 might have helped illstead ofjllst sittillg aroulld doillg lIothillg!
I Iound it dijJiwlt to get arolllld Londoll whell I Iirst call1C, IJllt I'm 2 I lIlight have known/guessed that ... is used to introduce a typical
IIsed to it 1I01l'. action of someone or something.
I'm used to getting lIrolllld Londoll by tube. I might have kllowll that Peter !Vould be laIc. He 's always lale.
2 Notice th e use of get to express the process of change. The car lVOII't start. I might have guessed that IVould happen.
l'm getting IIsed to the clilllate.
0011'1 worry. You'll get Ilsed to c(/tillg \\'ilh chopsticks.
needn't have
Ncedll 't helve dOlle expresses an action that was done, but it wasn't
necessary. It was a waste of time.
UNIT 10 I needl1't have got up so clIrl),. Thc train was delayed.
'I've bOl/ght ),011 a lIew pen, becallse 1 lost ),ollrs.' 'YOLI lIeedn't have
bothered. ['ve got hundreds.'
Modal auxiliary verbs 2
Modal auxiliary verbs of probability in the past
UNIT 11
All modal auxiliary verbs can be used with the perfect infinitive.
They express the same varying degrees of certainty as explained on
ppI47-149. Again, will have dOlle is the most certain, and lIIight/ ,. Hypothesizing
IIII1Y/COlild hllve dOlle is the least certaill.
'I IIICt II girl Ji'olll ),ollr ciIiSS. Tali. Black hair. ' 'That'll have been First and second conditionals
sOIl),a .. First conditional sentences are based on fact in real time. They
II mllst have been II good film. Everyone II'IIS laughillg their Ilcads off exp ress a possible condition and its probable result in the present or
The /1/atch can't have beell any good. Nobody stayed till the md. future .
Where's Pete? He should have been here ages ago I I(yoll pass your exalllS, ['ll buy YOII a CIIr.
He /IIay have got losl. 2 Second conditional sentences are not based on fact. They express a
He might have decided not 10 COIIIC. situation which is contrary to reality in the present and future. This
He could have had all accident. unreality is shown by a tense shift frolll present to past. They express
2 Would have thollght is common to express an assumption or a hypothetical condition and its probable result.
supposition. If I were taller, l'd join the police force.
I'd have thought they'd be here b)' 1I0W. Where ar/! the)'? What would )'01/ do if you WOIl $ I millioll?
YOlI'd have thought she'd remelll/Jer III)' birthday, wo II Idll 't YOII?
WOllldll 't )'01/ have thought Ihey'd rillg if thac was a problelll? Notes
• The difference between first and second conditional sentences is
Other uses of modal verbs in the past not about time. Both can refer to the present and future. By llsing
past tense forms in the second conditional, the speaker suggests the
should have done situation is less probable, or impossible, or imaginary.
I Shollid have dO/Ie can express advice or criticism about a past event. Compare the pairs of sentences.
The sentence expresses what is contrary to the facts. If it millS tllis weekelld, we'll ... (said in England where it often
1'011 should have listened to III)' advice. (You didn't listen.) rains)
I shouldn't have lied to YOII. 1'111 sorry. (I did lie.) I(it milled ill the Sahara, it wOllld .. . (this would be most unusual)
YOII shouldn't have told her ),Oll hated hcr. (YOll did tell her.) Ifglobal1Varmillg cOllti1llleS, we'll ... (I'm a pessimist.)
2 Look at these sentences. If global warmillg cOlltinued, we'd ... (I ' m an optimist.)
YOII should have /Jeell here yesterday! [fyoll come 10 III)' CO II 11 tr)" yo II '1/ have a good tillle. (possible)
YOII should have seell his face l If ),011 came ji"om 111)' CO 1111 tr)" yOIl'd ullderstand liS better.
sholiid have dOlle is used here for comic effect. The suggestion is (impossible)
becallse it lW1S so Ill/lilY! II I am elected to the committee, I'll .. . (said by a candidate)
1fT ruled the world, I'd ... (imaginary)
could have done
We can use were instead of was, especially in a formal style.
I Could have dOlle is used to express an unrealized pas t ability.
If the Sill/eltioll were Ihe opposite, IVotlid ),011 feel obliged 10 help?
Someone was able to do something in the past, but didn't do it.
I'd willil1gl)' help if it were possible.
I could have gone to I/lliversity, /Jilt I didll't wallt to.
We could have wall tllc lIIalch. We didn't try hard ellollgh. Third conditional
I could have told yo II tllllt Chris wOlildn't COIIIC. He hates reuniolls.
I was so angry with her, I could have killed her! 1 Third conditional sentences are not based on fact. They express a
situation which is contrary to reality in the past. This unreality is
2 It is used to express a past possibility that didn't happen. shown by a tense shift from past to Past Perfect. .
YOII Iool! YOIl could have killed yourself! I( yOIl'd come to the piCllic, YOII'd have had a great time.
We wcre lucky. We cOllld have been caught ill Ihat traffic jal1l. I wouldll't have lIIet 11Iy wife if I hadn't gone to Frallce.
When] took the bl/mt meal alit of the ovell, J could hllve cried!
2 It is possible for each of the clauses in a conditional sentence to have
3 It is used to criticize people for not doing things. a different time reference, and the result is a mixed conditional.
YOll could have told /lIe thaI Sile alld filii had left! II we had brought a map (we didn't), we would kllow where we
J've beclI clem/illg the hOl/se for hOllrs. You could at least have done nrc (we don't).
),our /Jedroolll! I wOllldn 't have invited her (I did) if [didn't like her (l do).

Other structures that express hypothesis enough
1 The tense usage with wish, if only, and I'd rather is similar to the 1 When ellough is lIsed as a determiner, it comes before the noun.
second and third conditionals. Unreality is expressed by a te'nse shift. We haven't got ellough food.
J wish J were taller. (But I'm nOLl 2 \Vhen it is used as an adverb, it comes after the adjective, adverb,
If only yo II hadn't said that! (But you did.) or verb.
I'd rather ),011 didll't wear lots of Illake-up. (But you do.) YOllr homework isn't good enough.
I'd rather ),011 ... is often used as a polite way to tell someone to do I cOllldll't 1'1111 fast enough.
something differently. The negative form I'd rather ),011 didn't ... is YOII don't exercise enough.
especially useful as a polite way to say 'no'.
'I'll collie ill wilh ),011.' 'I'd rather yo II waited olltside.' Articles
'Cem J slIIoke ill here?' 'I'd rather YOII didn't.' The use of articles is complex as there are a lot of 'small' rules and
Notes exceptions. Here are the basic rules.
wish ... lVoltfd can express regret, dissatisfaction, impatience, or a/an
irritation because someone \>VILL keep doing something. We use alall to refer to a singular countable noun which is indefinite.
I lvish YOII'd stop sllloking. Either we don't know which one, or it doesn't matter which one.
I wish YOll'd do 1I10re to help ill the hOl/se. They live ill a lovely hOl/se.
I wish it would stop raillillg. 1'111 readillg a good book.
If we are not talking about willingness, wish ... would is not used. She's expectillg a visitor.
I wish /II)' /Iirthday wasn't ill Dece/llber. ( *J wish it would be ... ) 2 We use alan with professions.
I wish I could stop slllokillg. (*J wish J would is strange because you She's a lawyer.
should have control over what you are willing to do.)
I wish he would swp slI/oking. the
This is correct because it means I wish he were willing to ... We use the before a singular or plural noun, when both the speaker
and the listener know which noun is being referred to.
The)' live ill the gl'eell house opposite the library.
UN IT 12 The book was recolllmended by a friend.
Mind the babyl She's neal' the fire.
['1/1 going to tlte shops. Do yOll wallt a/lything?
Determiners
['II see ),011 ill tire cafeteria at IUllchtime.
There are two kinds of determiners. 'Where's Dad?' 'III the garden.'
The first kind identifies things. 2 We use the when there is only one.
articles - a/all, the tire world tile River Thames the Atlantic
possessives - /II)', YOllr, ollr ... 3 We use the for certain places which are institutions. Which
demonstratives - this, that, these, those particular place isn't important.
2 The second kind are quantifiers, expressing h011' much or h011' mal1)'. We went to the cinema/theatre last 11 igh t.
SOllie, ally, 110 We're going to the seaside.
each, every, either, neither a followed by the
lilliCh, man)" more, /llOst
(a) little, less, least We use a to introduce something for the first time. When we refer to it
(a) few, fewer, fewest again, we use the.
e/lo/lgh, several I saw a l1Iall 011 a horse ill the park today. The mall was tillY alld tlte
all, both, half horse lVas huge!
a I/other, oth~r
Determiners that express quantity are dealt with in Unit 6. Zero article
We use no article with plural and uncountable nouns when talking
each and every about things in general.
1 Each and ever), are used with singular nouns. Each can be used to Computers have challged aliI' lives.
talk about two or more people or things. Every is used to talk about Hope is etel'llal.
th ree or more. Children Ileed a lot of exercise.
Every/each time J come to yOl/r hOl/se it looks different. J llate burgers.
Each/every bedroom ill Ollr hotel is decorated differelltly. 2 We use no article with meals.
2 In many cases, each and every can both be used with little difference Have )'ou had lunclr yet?
in Ineaning. Come roulld for dillller tOllight.
\'lie prefer each if we are thinking of people or things separately, one But ... We had a lovely IUllch ill an Italiall restaurallt.
at a time. We use every if we are thinking of the things or people all
together as a group.
Each studell t gave the teacher a presellt.
Every policemall ill the country is looking for the killer.

Extra lllaterial
UNIT 1 p7S
EVERYDAY ENGLISH PRACTICE

Social expressions and the music of Engl ish Exchanging information
om Student A
Ask and answer questions to complete the information about Tony
and Maureen Wheeler.
J.low many people doe~ it employ?
Five hundred. Where doe~ it have office~i'
In the USA, France, England , and Au~tralia.
Lonely Planet is one of the outstanding publishing successes

of the past three decades. It employs more than ... people (Ho w
many?), and has offices in the USA, France, England, with its
headquarters in Melbourne, Australia.
A Excu se m e, is this yo urs?
Tony and Maureen Wheeler have been writing Lone ly Planet
B Let me see. Yes, it is. Thank you. I must
guide books for . . . (How long?). They have written more than 650
have dropped it. guides. They sell .. . copies a year (How mallY?) in 118 countries.
A Are you going fa r? The books have been translated into 17 languages.
B Yeah, all the way to London. W hat about you? Tony lived ... (Where?) when he was young because his father's job
A I' m getting off at Bristol. took him all over the world. He studied ... at Warwick University
B Oh , d'you live there? (What?), then business studies at the Lo ndon Business School.
A Actually, no. I work in Bristol but I live in Bath.
Maureen was born in ... (W iJere?). She went to London at the
B Lucky yo u! I think Bath's a beautiful ci ty~ age of 20 because she wanted to see the world. Th ree days
A Yea h, yo u and tho usands of others! later she met Tony ... ( W here?). In 1972 they travell ed overland
B What d'you mean? across Europe, through Asia, and on to Australia. The trip took six
A Well, yo u know, the to urists. There are just months. They wrote their first book, cal led .. . ( 'v\f/Ul t?), on thei r
so many, aU year ro und . kitchen table in Melbourne . They have
B Ah yes, t hat's a d rag. YO ll don't like tourists lived in Melbourne on and off for over
thirty years.
then?
A Well, I shouldn't rea lly com plain. Together they have been to ... countries
B How come? You can complain if you wan t. (Hol\! maIlY?). Tony says that the most
amazing place he has eve r visited is a
A ot really - you see I'm a travel agent, so I
remote hilltop city cal led Tsaparang.
make a living from tourists.
They are currently travell ing in . . .
(Wh ere?), researching a new edition of
thei r gu ide to the country.
He is thinking of selling ... (What?). He
said, 'I've had a wonderful ti me, it's
been terrific, but it has now got too
much li ke a business.'
Extra material 153

UNIT 2 p78 UNIT 2 p79
PRACTICE PRACT ICE

Exc hanging information Exc hanging in f ormat ion
Student B Information for Tony Wheeler

Ask and answer questions to complete the information
about Tony and Maureen Wheeler.
BACkGROUND
How mallY people does it employ? =-FOIt-~ey waAe .?. -I"ay BYlhs~ AlyWOIYS
Five hUl1dred. Where does it have offices? - Live .?. il\ POI\c.iSrOlI\, BOI~OI\o'o\OI$, VSA
- Live.?. av e yseOlS .pOl" \o'o\osr o.p \o'o\y sc!A.ool '?"OIys
111 the USA, Frallce, tllglal1d. alld Australia.
EDUCA-rIOli
111 - _ - [.?lAcOIt-e.?.. \o'o\OIi" ly i" Byit-OIi" OI".?. t-~e USA \o'o\ost- 0-1"
~
\o'o\y sec o,,'?"OIYY e J. lACOIt-lo" WOI$ l" t-~e St-Olt-es
- COI\o'o\e bOlc\c. t-o [ "BIOI,,'?" t-o '?"o \o'o\y A-levels w~e " I
'-.:./ WOIS 1(;
Lonely Planet is one of t he outstanding publishing - We"t- ro WOIywic\c. V"iveysit-y t-o SrlA.?.y e"~i,,e eYl"~
successes of th e past three decades. It employs more
Wo Rk
than 500 peopl e, and has offices in .. . (Where?), with
- S t-OIyt-e.?. 01 COIyeey l" e"~i"eeYl "~, .?i.?.. t-!A.ls .pOl" 01
its headquarters in M elbou rne, Australia.
c OlAple 0-1" yeOlYs l" Cove"hy
Tony an d M au reen Wheele r have been w riti ng Lonely - We\\t- t-o '?"o 011\ l-\ BA ll\ blAsl"ess st-lA.?.les l" Lo".?.o"
Planet gUide books for ove r th irty years. Th ey have
written ... guides (H01ll Ill aIlY?). They sell around 5.5 LONELY PLANE-r GUIDEs
mill ions copies a year in 118 countries. The books - Flyst- o"e cOI\o'o\e OlAr l" \ 173
have been translated into ... languages (How m any?). - l.?. eOl c OI\o'o\e bec OIlAse 01 lor a.p people we ye OIs\c.i"~
Tony lived in many diffe rent countries w hen he was lAS q lAe sho"s OIbolAt- OlAy h lp OICVOSS ASlOl
young because . . . ( W hy?). He studied engineering - WOy st- 1M0IMe "t- WOlS w!A.e" we -hyst- st-OIyr etA r !A.e
at W arwick University, th en busi ness studies at .. . blAsi"ess. We tAitA,,'t- !A.OIve e "olAB!A. 1M0"ey
(W here?). - Best- \o'o\o\o'o\e"t- WOlS .?.ol"~ sO\o'o\et-~l"B t-~ 0It- "0
o"e
Maureen was born in Belfast. She went to London at ~ OIJ. J. o"e be-l"oye . OlAy BlAlJ. es Weye t-l-te -hyst- 0-1"
the age of 20 because . .. (Why?). Th ree days later she t-l-te lY \:.t".?.
met Tony on a bench in Regent's Park. In 1972 they - t !A.e secve t- 0-1" OlAy SlACce ss is t-!A.0It- people COl" yely
t ravelled overland across Europe, th rough Asia, and 0" lAS, so t-~ey \c.eep c OlMi"B '>.:>OIc k t-o lAS.
on to Australia. The trip took ... (How long?). They - I-P YOlA WOl'lr ro 3e t- i" ro h Olve l wyit-i"3, YOlA !A.OIve
wrote the ir first book, ca lled Across Asia on t he r o !A.OIve hOlvelletA 01 lor. YOlA !A.OIve t-o '>.:>e OI'>.:>le t-o
chea p, on their kitchen t able in wyit-e we ll. YOlA !A.OIve t-o '>.:>elieve i,\ whOlt- YOlA'ye
M el bourne. They have lived in .?.ol"B. WOI" h"B t-o ,,1,.0 itis .fOIl" \o'o\ol'e i\o'o\poyt-OI"t- t-!A.OI"
M elbourne on and off for ove r wOI" t-i"B t-o 1M00ke \o'o\o"ey
.. . (Holv long?).
Together they have been to
FAMILY
- t WO e ~ilJ.ye ", 01 Biyl 01" ,,1,. 01 '>.:>oy
more than 100 cou ntries. Tony
says that the most amazing
1'':;~':'~\·;;;·=1~1ti-~E~I.'' place he has ever visited is .. .
HOLIDAYS
(What?). - Like wOllkl "~ OI" .?. .?.ivl"B
They are currently travelling in FVlURE

India, . .. (What ... doing ... ?) - WOlAl.?. like t-o BO bOlek r o ).lepOl\.
He is thinking of se lli ng his - A\o'o\ 100\:.tI\B -I"OYWOIYJ. t-o spe"J.l"B 01 10l\B h\o'o\e ll\
shares in the co mpany. He said, AlAshOlllOl. I" \o'o\y 0pl",\O", t-~eyeJs "0'>.:>et-t-ey plOlce l"
' . . .' (Wha t?). t-~e woylJ. t-o '>.:>e 0I10l\e
154 Extra material

UNIT 2 p22 UNIT 3 p28
SPEAKING AND LISTENING PRACTICE

Dreams come true News and responses
These are the top 15 things that people most Student A
wanted to do before they die. Read the newspaper story. Then tell the story to your partner. Show
him/her the photo.
1 swi m with dolphins
2 go scuba di vi ng on t he Great Barri er Reef
3 go whale-watchi ng
4 dive with sharks As fashion-conscious GILLY WOODWARD left
Harrods last Friday, she felt proud of the £120
5 go skydiving designer jeans that she had just bought. But when
6 fl y in a hot air balloon Gilly, 31, returned to the store the next day to do some
7 fly in a fighter jet more shopping, she was barred from entry because
she was wearing the same jeans.
8 go on safari Gilly, now back home in Liverpool, had been
9 see t he Northern Lights staying with friends in London for a few days. She
10 visit Machu Picchu explained what had happened.
'I was walking through the swing doors , when
11 cl imb Sydney Harbour Bridge suddenly I was stopped by a large, uniformed
12 escape to a paradise island secur ity guard. He pointed at my knees , and said that
my jeans were torn and I couldn't enter. I tried to
13 dr ive a Formula-l car
tell him that I had bought them in Harrods the day
14 go white-wate r raft ing before, and that the torn bits were fashionable. But
15 walk the Great Wall of China he didn't listen. He told me to get out. By this time,
a crowd of people had gathered. I left immediately
because I had never felt so embarrassed in my life.'
A spokesperson from Harrods said that the dress
code had been introduced in 1989, and it states: no
beachwear, no backpacks, no torn denims.
UNIT 4 p35
PRACTICE Music
1 Lo uis Armstrong p layed jazz m u sic . (What sort?)
Quiztime!
2 r\ iolin h as four stri ngs . (How ma n),?)
Group A Sports
3 A bro nze medal is given to the person who
comes third in tJle Olymp ic Ga me . (What? )
4 Golf was fir t played in Scotla nd. (In which?)
Science
5 T he sun is the nearest star to the ea rth? (Which?)
6 Albert E instein developed th e th eory o f
relativity. (Who?)
Geogra.phy
7 The capital of few Zeala nd is We llington .
(Which country?)
8 The 'Richter Scale' measures earthq uakes. (What?)
History
9 President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in
1963 . (Which yea.r?)
10 elso n tvIanclela was in prison fo r twenty-eight
yea rs. (How long .. . for? )
Extra material 155

;: ~ UNIT3 p28 UNIT 4 p43
,> l
PRACTICE EVERYDAY ENGLISH

News and responses Roleplay
A=Anna B=Ben H=Henry K=Kim
Student B
Read the newspaper story. Then tell the story to your partner. Show B Ki m ! H ell o! G reat to see yo u . Co m e
him/her the photo. o n in . Let me take your coa t.
K T ha n ks ve ry m uch. Oh, these are fo r
Man fined for keeping tiger in apartment yo u.
A W h a t lovely flowe rs! H ow kin d o f
A MAN WHO kept a 400-pound tiger in
his apartment in Harlem, New York , has ~~-. you! T hank YO ll so mu ch. l OW, Ben, J
been fined $2,500, and forbidden fro m do n' t thi nk YOll kno w He nry? Le t me
keeping an imals for ten years. introd uce you. He nr " th i is Be n.
Brian Jackson, 31 , had bought the
Bengal tiger, named Ming, when it was B He ll o, Henry. N ice to meet YO ll . I' ve
just a thr ee·mon th-old cub. It had been hea rd a lo t abo ut yo u .
living in hi fo urth-floor apartment for
three years, eating raw meat provided H
by Jackson who worked as a butcher. B \Nhere exac tl y are you fro m , Hen ry?
Neighbo urs had often complained of
strange smells and loud noises. H
Jack on's unusual pet came to light because he had had to go to hospital B T hat's in teres ting. And what a re you
with cuts and bites to his arm . The tiger had attacked him in an apparent
attempt to capture and kill a cat that he al 0 kept in the apartment. do ing in Lo ndo n?
Police officers scaled down the ou tside of the building and fired H
tranquilizer darts through an open fourth-floor window. They removed
the tiger, and also an alligator, to a ew York animal shelter_ B And how do you find Lon do n , Henry?
A neighbour said, 'We liked having lVling here. He was cool. My worry is Is it like ho m e, or is it very di fferent?
that he won' t lil{e the country. He's a city cat, and likes jazz and hip-hop. '
H
B Now, Ki m . \I\Tha t wo uld YO ll like to
d rin k?
UNIT 4 p35 K
B Right. I'll ju t ge t that for you .
PRACTICE Music K
1 A Right, eve rybo d y. D inner's read y. Co rn e
Quiztime!
2 and sit down. Kim , can YO ll sit nex t to
Group B Henry?
K
3 The \larathon is the I ngest run n in g race in the A Kim , help yo urself. \I\' o ul d you like
Olym p ic C a me . (What ___ c(Jlled?)
ome Parmesan parsni ps?
4 Baseball \Va fi r t played in the United Sta te 111
th e 19th centurv. (Wh ere and when?) K
Science A Well , they're pa rsn ips coated i n
5 A bu tterAy ha ll.: legs. (H ow man y?) Pa rmesan ch eese a nd roas ted. Wo uld
6 Stephen Ha\ king wrote A Brl f H I tory or T ime. 'ou like to try so m e?
(Wh ich booh?) K
Geography B Ano ther oran ge j uice, perh aps?
7 Ala ska is the bigge t stat in the US. (Which state?) K
8 Th e tlantic and Pacifi c O ceans a re linked by B Yes, o f course. Sparkli ng or stili?
the Panama C an al. (Wh ich oceans?)
K
History
9 Pre ide nt John F. Ke nn edy wa assa ina ted in A V" ell, bO/l nppetit e leryon e!
Da lla , T e xas. (Which town and state?)
10 The la t Concorde Aew to lew York in 2003.
(In which year.) --
156 Extra material

UNIT 5 p5G ~.& UNIT 11 p9l
/
SPEAKING VOCABULARY AND PRONUNCIATION

CAREER QUIZ How ambitious are you? Word pairs
Mainly a answers: You are ambitious and competitive. You
may be talented and hardworking but your success is often due DID
to your own self-promotion. This approach will probably earn you A Are you going to have a holiday this year?
success and riches but take care never to turn your back on
B I'd love to - b ut we'D have to wa it an d see. W e' re a bit
anyone.
h ard up at the mo men t.
Mainly b answers: You are ambitious but too sensitive to
others' feelings to be hugely successful. You are always looking for A W e' re ho ping to go to that fa rmho use in the So uth o f
approval. You will have to put yourself first sometimes. Take a few France, b ut it' s tou ch and go whe th er we "viiI.
tips from your ambitious colleagues and you'll have more success. B W hy's th at?
Mainly c answers: You have very little ambition. Clearly for
A \I\Te ll , I don ' t kn ow if r can get the tim e off wo rk.
you that work is not the most important thing in life. This is by
no means a bad decision, but try and act as if you have a bit of B Bu t I tho ught they were good abo u t giving you ti me
ambition before your colleagues tell the boss about you. off.
A Yea h, th ey are, by and la rge, b ut we' re a small fi rm
and we have to cove r for each othe r, so it's always a
case o f give and take .
UNIT 10 p8l B Yea h, I ca n see that. At least you got awa y las t yea r.
I'm sick and t ired o f n ot bein g able to go a nywhere.
bTZI THE ICEMAN A Yo u get away now and then , don 't yo u ?
B Mo re 'then ' than ' now'. We used to get the odd
He die d 5,300 years ago . He was 46 y ears weekends in the co un try bu t si nce th e kid s came
old and Sft 2in tall. He had a bea rd. along it's more difficult. Oh for the peace and quiet
His last meal w as goat steak and bread of the co un tryside - uh, but I do n' t su pp ose we'd get
baked in charcoal.
mu ch peace o r quiet, even if we could affo rd to go,
He w ore goa t skin leggings, a deerskin wh at with three k id s.
j acket, a thic k gra ss cape, and a be arskin ha t .
He stuffed his leat her shoes with grass to keep out t he col d. A Is Chris fe d up too?
He lived his en t ire life in a world just 50 kilometres across . B Yo u know Ch ris. Neve r co m plain s, just grins and
He knew how to look aft er himsel f. He had over se ve nt y ite ms in hi s bea rs it.
possession, including flints for skinning animals and sha rp eni ng
t ools. In his backp ack he carried herb s with pharma ceut ical A J tell yo u what. If we d o manage to get th at
properties, dried fruit, and flint and t inder for st art in g fires. fa rm ho use, why do n't yo u all jo in us? It's huge.
He was probably a herd sman or hunter, but on thi s day he w as a
wa rrior. He had an axe and a lon gbow, and arrows tip ped with a fl int .
B Oh - that's so kind .. . er but I don 't kn ow. Wou ld n' t
No one knows how the battle st art ed. Perhaps Otzi and his we be spo il in g yo ur ho liday? W hat \,,,ou ld Pat th ink?
companions deliberat ely entered enemy territory, or perha ps the y "'''hat if ."
were ambushed, or attacked one another.
A Look, no ifs o r bu ts . T he o ffer 's there - yo u ca n take
From the DNA on his cl othin g and weapon s, and the injuries to his body,
Otz i's last and fatal fight ca n be reconstructed with some pr ecisi on.
it o r leave it!
Otzi stabbed one of his enemies with his flint dagger. He shot an arrow B I ca n't tell yo u how mu ch I appreciate it . It wo ul d be
int o another and managed to retrieve the valu able weapo n befo re b rill ian t, but ca n I talk to Ch ris ab ou t it fir st?
shooting it again . He killed or wou nded at least t hre e men, bu t t he
hand·t o·hand fighting was fe rocious. Otz i tried to hold off on e assa il ant A Of course, of co urse. I'm sure you'll wa nt to go
and suffered a deep wound in one ha nd t ha t left t hree fin gers usel ess. th rough all the pros and co ns togeth er.
Otzi put up a fierce fight unti l an arrow, fi red from behi nd, ente re d
his shoulder and penetrated close t o his lung. Otzi retreate d into the B I ca n' t th ink of m any co ns. It's just too good to be
mountai ns , but not before lift in g a wounde d com pani on on to his true. T hank yo u so mu ch.
ba ck. The blood of the inj ured ma n mixed with Ot zi 's, soaking in to his
dee rskin jacket.
A W ell , as I said, the offer's th ere. Let's hope r get the
Fina ll y, high in the Gt za l Alps, Ot zi st aggere d into a sma ll ravine,
tim e off wo rk - ,·ve'D have a great ti m e togeth er.
and collap sed. It t ook two more da y s be fo re he died, and the ice
closed over him.
Extra material 157

~ UNIT 11 p700 UNIT 12 p702
\
LISTENING AND SPEAKING THE PACE OF LIFE

The interp retation of dreams How well do you use your time?
Answers to quiz
Mostly a answers
You're a daydreamer. Did you actually manage
to finish the quiz? You have little control over
your life. Chaos surrounds you. Perhaps you tell
yourself that you are being creative, but the truth
is you are frightened of fa il ure so you don 't try.
Your abilities remain untested and your dreams
unfulfilled.
Mostly b answers
You represent balance and common sense. Your
ability to manage your life is impressive, and you
a Buil d ings a nd houses are sy mbols of yo urse lf. The upst.a irs know when to relax. You understand that the best
represents your consc ious mind and t he lowe r floors and cellar your decisi ons are never made in an atmosphere of
hid den self. The cramped fe eling of t he cella r in dicates fru st ra tio n pressure. You are able to meet deadlines and look
and a need to expand you r act ivit ies or t hi nk ing. Decayed or ahead to make sure crises don't happen.
crumbling buildings indi cate t hat your self- im age has suffered. Treat
yourse lf to a few act ivities t hat ma ke yo u fee l good about yourse lf. Mostly C answers
You live in hope that something or somebody will
b Thi s dream sy mboli zes rediscovering a par t of yourse lf. There make everything in life come right for you. I'll
lllay be so met hin g t hat yo u have neg lected or rep ressed. It could get round to it, you tell yourself. What you don't
be th at you had an ambi tion i.n life and onl y now have found t he tell yourself is that you alone can manage your
opport uni ty to try aga in. life. You are expert at putting things off till later
and finding excuses when you do so. Forget these
The d ream may also have a li teral inte rpretat ion. If yo u' re worried excuses. The right time is now.
abou t fi nances, now may be t he time to start a new ve nture.
Mostly d answers
C This dream h ig hligh ts a loss of se lf-co ntro l. It may represe nt You are certainly an achiever. Superman or
you r insec uri ty , a la ck of self-confidence, a fear of fa ilu re, or an superwoman. You know how to get a job done
inabili ty to cope wit h a sit uation. There co uld also be a li te ral and you are proud of the way you manage your
interpreta t ion. You llla y have no ticed somet hing unsa fe - a loose life. You are obsessive about using every second
sta ir raiL wo bbly lad der, or in secure wind O\.v. Check it out The of the day to best effect and get irritated by
dream may be a wa rning . people who are not like you and prefer to take
life at a slower pace. Learn to relax a little.
Remember, stress kills.
158 Extra material

Phonetic symbols
Consonants Vowels
1 Ipl as in pen Ipenl 25 li:1 as In see Isi:1
2 Ibl as in big Ibrgl 26 hi as In his IhIZI
3 It! as in tea Iti:1 27 iii as In twenty Itwentil
4 Idl as in do Idu:1 28 lei as 111 ten !tenl
5 Ikl as in cat Ika;t! 29 lrel as 111 stamp Istrempl
6 Igi as In go Ig::)01 30 10:1 as in father /fo:o';)l
7 IfI as in four IfJ:! 31 101 as II1 hot Ihotl
8 Ivl as in very !'veril 32 h :1 as In morning !In;):nIlJI
9 lsi as In son ISAni 33 lui as in football Ifu tb;): II
10 IzJ as In zoo Izu:1 34 lu:1 as in you Iju:1
11 II/ as II1 live IlIvl 35 fAl as II1 sun ISAnl
12 Iml as In my Imar! 36 13:/ as 111 learn 113:nl
13 In! as 111 near 1I1Idi 37 1';)1 as 111 letter /let';)l
14 Ihl as In happy Ihrepi/
15 Jrl as II1 red /redl
16 Ijl asm yes Ijesl Diphthongs (two vowels together)
17 Iwl as II1 want Iwontl 38 ler! as II1 name Inerml
18 181 as 111 thanks 18rel)ksl 39 Idul as II1 no Indul
19 101 as In the 10dl 40 lar! as In my Imall
20 lSI as m she ISi:/ 41 laul as II1 how Ihaul
21 I:J as II1 television /teJrvI3nl 42 hil as in boy Ib::>I/
22 ItSI as In child ItS addl 43 11';)1 as in hear IhI';)1
23 Idy as in German 1033:111';)nl 44 Ie';)1 as in where Iwe';)l
24 /rjl as II1 English /il)glrSI 45 /u';)/ as in tour /tu';)l
Phonetic symbols 159

OXFORD © 2002 by The Estate of Edward Gorey. reprOduced by permisson oflhrcourt IllC
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Upper-Internlediate

Liz and John Soars

Presen t Perfect Hot verbs - II/ake, do 'Paradise Lost' - how

Na rrative tenses Books and films 'Jane Austen - one of

Questions and negatives Prefixes 'Diana and Elvis shot

Stop and check 2 Teacher's Book p153 -, . I

Relative clauses Adverb collocations 'Chukotka, the coldest

11 In your dreams Hypothesizing Word pairs 'Have you ever

Tapescripts p124 Grammar Reference p140 Extra material plS3

Phonetic symbols plS9

TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

1 Read the letter. Who is writing? Who to?

6 Unit 1 • No place like home

Wh ich tenses can you identify in the questions and answers in

Sophie Beasley <sophie.beas@yoohoo.com>

Hello again Mum and Dad!

ACTIVE Simple Continuous PASSIVE Simple Continuous

8 Unit 1 . No place like home

~ WRITING Applying for a job p110

Unit 1 • No place like home 9

1 Why do people go to live abroad? Make a

10 Unit 1 . No place like home

Unit 1 • No place like home 11

Compound nouns and adjectives

1 How many new words can you make by combining a

work made wife sick proud

2 DO Listen to the conversations. After each one,

Share your words with a different group and explain the

Unit 1 . No place like home 13

14 Unit 1 . No place like home

1 Work with a partner. Match a line in A with a line in B.

om Liste n and check. Pay parti cular a ttention to the stress

mIl The 'music' of a language is made up of three things.

2 ID!J Listen to the conversatio n and concentrate on the 'musiG'.

5 11m Listen and compare yo ur ideas and pronunciation.

Unit 1 • No place like home 15

TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

EXPLORERS AND TRAVELLERS

1 Look at the pictures. Why did people go exploring

o He was born in Venice, the son of a merchant. When he

16 Unit 2 • Been there, done that!

7 Thailand, Vietnam, Hong Kong, South Korea,

Unit 2 . Been there, done that! 17

Simple and continuous

Simple verb forms see actions as a complete whole.

4 Match a line in A with a line in B. \l\Trite 1 or 2 in the box.

a D Peter comes 1 from Switzerland.

WRITING Informal letters - Correcting mistakes p111

18 Unit 2 . Been there, done that!

1 Look at the pictures of tourist destinations in the world. Where are

6 Work in groups to prepare an interview

Unit 2 • Been there, done that! 19

O n the sun-soaked M ed iterranean island of M ajorca,

The effects of tourism

20 Unit 2 . Been there, done that !

Unit 2 Been there, done that! 21

1 20,000 people were asked what they m ost

Compare yo ur lists in groups.

2 Yo u ca n read the actual results of the poll on

22 Unit 2 . Been there, done that!

2 Put the words in the right box.

We've bought an old house. We're

Unit 2 . Been there, done that! 23

1 What are some of your earliest memories of holidays

HONESTLY, • S -: -~: 1;:"",: