ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our extreme sense of gratitude to Dr. Thilakan H, Professor and Head of
the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vidya Academy Science and Technology,
Technical Campus, Kilimanoor for his constant encouragement and whole-hearted
support

We wish to sincerely thank Mr. Robin David, Seminar Co-ordinator, Mechanical

Engineering Department, VAST TC, Kilimanoor for his immense support and
motivation.

We are greatly indebted to our seminar guide Dr. Unnikrishnan M A, Assistant

Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, VAST TC for his keen interest,
constant encouragement, constructive suggestions and inspiring guidance in every
aspect of the work which has enabled us to complete this report successfully.

We are thankful to all the faculty members of Department of Mechanical Engineering

for their help and cooperation.

Special thanks to all our trade instructors, classmates and friends at VAST-TC who
stood by our side during the endeavour.

And finally, we thank the almighty for showering the blessings upon us.

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 ABSTRACT
The seminar aims to design a piezoelectric harvester which is capable of harvesting
electrical energy in response to the applied mechanical stress. In this contemporary
world, the piezoelectric energy is one of the primary form of energy source and it is
also one of the renewable energy source which can be harvested easily by means of
converting mechanical stress into electrical energy. In this seminar, a model of
piezoelectric tile which consists of piezoelectric transducers and this can be implanted
under the pavements and underneath the asphalt roads to convert those mechanical
stresses created by foot steps and moving of vehicle tyres into electrical energy is
proposed. By implanting those piezoelectric tiles on the pavements and asphalt roads, It
converts those mechanical vibrations created by the moving vehicle into the useful
form of the energy and also the aim of sustainable development is achieved. The
abstract of piezoelectric floor tiles highlights their capacity to convert mechanical
energy into electricity, their potential applications in diverse settings, and their
contribution to sustainable and energy-efficient building practices.

Key Words: Piezoelectric, Transducers, Pavement

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 CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
ABSTRACT ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES v
ABBREVATIONS vi
NOTATIONS vii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1: General Background 1
1.2: Overview of Briquetting 5
1.2.1: Screw Press and Piston Press Technology 5
1.2.2: Other Briquetting Technology 8
1.3: Problem Statement 8
1.4: Objectives 9
1.5: Report Outline 10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 11
2.1: Literature Review on Bio mass Briquetting Technologies 11
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 17
3.1: Working Principle 17
3.2: Proposed Methodology 18
3.3: Design 23
3.4: Calculation 25
3.5: Cost Estimation 26
3.6: Briquette Production 27
CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS 28
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 31
5.1: Summary 31
5.2 Scope for further Work 31
REFERENCES 32

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 LIST OF TABLES

No. Title Page No

Table 1.1 Comparison of a screw extruder and a piston press 5

Table 3.1 Specification of Hydraulic Jack 20

Table 3.2 Estimated cost of Components used in the Briquetting Machine 26

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 LIST OF FIGURES

No. Figure Name Page

No.
Fig 1.1 Piston press type briquetting machine 6
Fig 1.2 Screw press type briquetting machine 7
Fig 3.1 Working principle of hydraulic jack 18
Fig 3.2 Drawing of Briquetting Machine 18
Fig 3.3 Photograph of Hydraulic Jack 20
Fig 3.4 Mould for briquetting. 21
Fig 3.5 Mould fabrication processes -boring welding and shaping 21
Mould components- cylindrical die, piston and a base
Fig 3.6 21
plate(circular)
Fig 3.7 Locking arrangement in mould. 22
Fig 3.8 Photograph of Base plate 22
Fig 3.9 Photograph of Frame 23
Fig 3.10 Drawing of Mould using solid works 24
Fig 3.11 Drawing of Piston using solid works 24
Fig 3.12 Drawing of Hydraulic jack with base plate 25
Fig 3.13 Drawing of assembled view of Briquetting machine 25
Fig 3.14 Sample briquette produced 27

Fig 4.1 Photograph of Prototype 29

Fig 4.2 Top view of Prototype 29

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 ABBREVATIONS

BD Bulk Density
IREDA Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency
R&D Research and Development
UF Urea-formaldehyde
WHP Water hyacinth petiole
R Rice husk
IS Indian standard
CAD Computer-aided design
MDA Mechanical Design Automation
LMC Lowest Moisture Content
HMC Highest Moisture Content
AC Ash Content

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 NOTATIONS

A Area of mould cylinder

t Thickness (mm)
F Load (N)
L Length (mm)
p Pressure ( M Pa ¿
d Diameter(mm)
Cv Calorific Value
P Power (kW)

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