TECHNICAL REPORT

ON
STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)
AT
NIGER STATE HOUSING CORPERATION, MINNA
PREPARED BY
DANIYAN, AISHA
2011/1/40861VQ

SUBMITED TO

THE DEPARTMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

PMB 65,

MINNA,

NIGER STATE

FROM 18TH MAY 2015 TO 30TH OCTOBER 2015

 JANUARY, 2016

DEDICTION

This report is dedicated to almighty Allah who made it possible for me to complete the 6 months siwes,
despite the entire situation I encounter during the program.

Also to my parents; Prof. M.A. Daniyan and Dr. (Mrs). S.Y. Daniyan for their financial, moral support and
encouragement throughout the course of the program, to my entire family, Brothers and sisters most
especially I want to thank everyone that contributed to the success of my industrial training .

AKNOLEDGEMENT

I wish to sincerely express my gratitude to the management and staff of Niger State Housing
Cooperation especially my industrial based supervisors; Mal. Abdullahi Garba, QS Umar Mohammed
Yanche (Mniqs) and Mal. Mohammad Shafii who helped in deploying me to several departments during
my stay as an industrial training student.

Also my inexhaustible thanks goes to Allah for his divine protection and guidance throughout my
program.
ABSTRACT

Industrial training is designed to expose student to the working environments and it will enable the
student to have practical knowledge of working environments.

The student industrial work experience (siwes) reports came comprehensively, my work experience
founding the recommendation during my 6 months industrial attachment work at The Niger State
Housing Corporation, Minna.

I was introduced to various sections of work in the Niger State Housing Corporation. I was posted to
the Quantity Surveying section in the works Department. I was also taught on how to do taking off and
prepare bill of quantities.

In summary of it all, it is an overall view of the organizational structure down to the knowledge I
acquired and skill I developed.
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) known as industrial training program (IT)
was at Niger State Housing Cooperation. This programme is being embarked upon by the federal
government since 1974 to enable students studying selected courses to have practical experience in
their area of study. A theoretical look was taken by industrial training fund (ITF) to ensure maximum
utilization at available basic skills in the institution all over the country, in the colleges of education
and other tertiary institutions. The purpose for the industrial training is to gain practical knowledge
of d course, quantity surveying. This work carries a report of my activities and experience gained
during the programme.
The need for SIWES arises from the Federal Government’s directives and University policy that
all students in higher institutions of learning must, of necessity, undergo compulsory period of
industrial training with reputable and accredited organizations in order to satisfy the university’s
requirements. The scheme is a skil acquisition program with forms part of the minimum academic
requirements in various degree programs in Nigerian Universities

1.1 SCOPE

This work covers a detail account which is limited to Niger state housing cooperation,
quantity surveying department were I function as an industrial training student during the 4
(four)months training programme.

1.2 AIM
This report is aimed at given detailed information of my activities and experience gained
while functioning as an industrial training student, it is done and written in partial fulfillment
of the requirement of my course quantity surveying.
1.3 ORGANISATION CHART OF THE ESTABLISH MENT.
This chart is made up of related division in order to enhance efficiency of work. Niger
State Housing Cooperation has an organization chart that consists of different division that
organizes and control the establishment in order to meet their expected set goals.
 The Niger State Housing Cooperation consist of the following department with various
works at hand
A. Administration department
B. finance and supply department
C. Planning department
D. Estate department
E. Works department

ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT

This department takes charge of purely administrative matters such as general

welfare.

FINANCE AND SUPPLY DEPARTMENT

This department takes charge of all the finances and supply of the Niger State Housing
Cooperation.

PLANING DEPARTMENT

This department takes charge of land surveying and town planning.

ESTATE DEPARTMENT

These departments which determine the value of the land as in the rental value the net
value and sale value.

WORKS DEPARTMENT

This department consists of various sections such as architectural, engineering,

quantity surveying, transport, building and electrical section.

1.4 RELEVANT TO THE STUDENT

This type of work engage in the establishment equips the student for skills acquisition
and development, knowledge or experience gained helps the student in adapting to the
immediate challenges that are likely to face in the future.
1.5 COMPANY’S TYPE OF WORK
The major work at Niger State Housing Cooperation is mainly building construction
projects that are being awarded by the state of federal government it also involve site
visitation.

CHAPTER TWO
2.1 ACTIVITIES IN QUANTITY SURVEYING
In quantity surveying unit, different office works are done such as;
A. Measuring of building works (taking off)
B. Preparation of bill of quantities
C. Valuation of work done
D. Preparation of certificate of payment
E. Tender analysis
F. Resolution of conflicts between parties
G. Valuation of works and reporting for interim payment.
H. Market surveying
A. MEASURING OF BUILDING WORKS (TAKING OFF):- This is the process where
building works are been measured in respect to the materials for use. The
quantity involved in executing the said project.
B. PREPARATION OF BILL OF QUANTITIES :- This is construction document that
consist the condition of contract trade preambles and measured items of
materials and labors, this include the quantities of materials and workmanship
required while the measured items gives the quantities of the material and
labor necessary to complete the works.
 2.2 IMPORTANCE OF BILL OF QUANTITIES

By the meaning of a bill of quantities which is the systematic number of

quantities and full descriptions of all the items of labor, materials and plants
required to correct and to complete a building. The main purpose of a bill of
quantities is to provide a uniform basis for the prices of competitive tender receive
accurate on the project.

Below are other importance of bill of quantities

A. Interim valuation
B. Provide and itemized list of component of the building.
C. Valuating variation
D. Serves as basis for cost analysis and projecting cost.
E. Serves as a basis for monitoring the cost plan.

2.3 METHOD OF PREPARING BILL OF QUANTITIES

The following are the methods

i. Traditional or work section method
ii. Elemental billing etc.
The most popular method is the traditional method which is
A. Taking- off
B. Working – up

TAKING – OFF :- this is the purpose by which dimensions are scale in reading from
drawing by the quantity surveyor and enter in recognized form on a specially ruled paper
known as the “ dimension paper “

1. Clearing of sites and trees

2. Excavating vegetable top soil.
3. Trench excavation
4. Backfilling
5. Leveling and compacting
6. Treatment of bottom of excavation
7. Hardcore filling
 8. Earth work support
9. Concrete work in foundation
10. Laterite earth filling
11. Block work in foundation
12. Form work
13. Damp proof membrane
14. Concrete floor slab
15. Rendering
16. Painting
17. Protecting the section work
The superstructure involves all other work about the floor slab and after the work
of substructure. Examples block work, lintels, beams, roof etc.
WORKING – UP: - This happen after the process of taking – off.
C. VALUATION OF WORK DONE
This is the process where the work done is being estimated or the amount spent
on the work done is calculated and valued.
D. PREPARATION OF CERTIFICATION OF PAYMENT
It is the responsibility of the quantity surveyor to prepare certificate of payment.
Either payment on first or second or third time in respect to the work done.
E. TENDER ANALYSIES
This is the process where contractors bidding and the client is being compared in
respect to consultants analysis and on agree amount taking in to consideration.in
other wards the out of offering to carry out a specified work at a specified price and
the process of selecting a contractor to carry out such work when analyzed.
F. RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS BETWEEN PARTIES
It is the responsibility of the quantity surveying to settle disputes between the
contractor and the client for he intervenes and interprets between the two parties
accordingly.

G.VALUATION OF WORK AND REPORTING FOR INTERIM PAYMENT

The quantity surveyor values, the work as it progress and estimate how much to be paid to the
contractor at each and every stage of the work for the part payment at such a stage.
 H. MARKET SURVEYING

Market surveying place an important role 0f any construction project that the
quantity surveyor embark on to the price of required material and the quantity surveyor can advise on
the management if expensive to the client.

REINFORCEMENT

16mm-rod ---------------------------------------------------- N 2400

12mm-rod---------------------------------------------------N 1350

8mm-rod-------------------------------------------------------N 800

NAIL

1 bag 4” nail-------------------------------------------------------N 5000

1 bag 3” nail----------------------------------------------------------N 5000

1 bag 1 ½ nail------------------------------------------------------N 7000

1 bag 5” nail------------------------------------------------------ N 5000

DOOR

Flushed door size 900 x 2100mm---------------------------N 25000

Panel door size 900 x 2100mm-----------------------------N 38000

Steel door size 900 x 2100mm-------------------------------N 28000

Frames (steel) size 900 x 2100mm-------------------------N 20000

TILES

300 x 300 x 6mm thick per m2 ------------------------------N 1250

 400 x 400 6mm thick per m2----------------------------------N 1500

200 x 300 x 6mm thick per m2-------------------------------N 800

BLOCK

6” block----------------------------N 100

9” block----------------------------N 130

Bag of cement-----------------N 2000

Bag of white cement for tiles---------------------N 2500

WOOD

50 x 50mm----------------------------------------N 300

50 x 75mm------------------------------------ N 600

50 x 100mm----------------------------------- N 150

50 x 150mm-------------------------------------- N 200
 CHAPTER THREE

SITE WORK –PROPOSED THREE BEDROOM

3.1 CONSTRUCTION OF SUBSTRUCTURE OF A BUILDING.

Building construction can be classified in the following stages.

A. Substructure
B. Superstructure

SUB-STRUCTURE

This is the solid base under the ground to support the building above the ground .this consist of
concrete building block wall in foundation ,hardcore filling ,damp proof membrane (D.P.M)and oversite
concrete.

Building of the substructure is done sequently as enumerated.

1. Site clearance
2. Top soil excavation
 3. Setting out of the building plan
4. Trench excavation
5. Block work in foundation
6. Hard core filling
7. Damp proof membrane(D.P.M)
8. Over site concrete

SITE CLEARANCE

As the name implies it involves clearing the measured price of land from grasses shrubs bushes
and removal of plants to get a clean ground for setting out. Tools used are shovel, hoe, cutlass, rake axe
etc.

SOIL EXCAVATION

It is the removal of vegetable top soil depth of 150mm which is not good for building purpose.

SETTING OUT OF A BUILDING PLAN

This is a process or procedure where marked of full size on the ground to enable construction here
the building plan is use so as to make sure the land is mark out with responds to plan correctly.

Tools use includes:-peg, hammer, measuring tapes, line, builders square, theodolite etc.

The length and width are marked out with measuring tape, and peg place in position to identify
shapes and individual rooms the marked out showing the length width to be excavated.

TRENCH EXCAVATION

It involves the removal of soil in the trench to the required depth. Tools use in excavating
includes: - digger, shovel, hoe etc.

BLOCK WORK IN FOUNDATION

This the placing of blocks usually 225 x 225 450mm in the excavated trench after leveling and
compacting of sides and surfaces of the trench respectively and concrete blinding is done. Blocks are
bedded and join with cement mortar mixed with cement and fine sand aggregate in proportion of 1:4 by
volume, thoroughly mixed with water to make it plastic, while blocks are been laid to provide a good
bend between blocks and mortar to acquire strength.

HARD CORE FILLING

This done by filling the hollow of the blocks with rocks, granite and general filling with laterite and
consolidated manually by tamping water s sprinkled over laterite to achieve maximum compaction.

It is usually filled 50-150mm make up level wen compacted. Hard core filling prevent moisture
rise to the top, gives a solid ground floor and helps make the floor very strong as well as prevent the
growth of vegetable matter.

DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE

This a sheet mainly spread over the entire foundation on the blocks only, as the name implies it
prevent moisture from penetrating underground to the surface of the floor.

OVER SITE CONCRETE

This the last stage in substructure which is placing off concrete in position after form work has been
done covering the area of foundation. The concrete mixture is of cement fine aggregate and coarse
aggregates which are mixed in the proportion (1:3:6) or (1:2:4) depending on the structure engineers
recommendation and water to desired level. The concrete thickness is 100mm, the floor plan of the
proposed 3 bedroom attached.

3.2 SUPER STRUCTURE

These are structure that is constructed on top of the substructure of a building.

1. Block work
2. Roofing.

BLOCK WORK

Block work begins on the substructure some days after casting the over site concrete. These include
division of the building into rooms, toilets corridors and other apartment with windows doors openings.

The work is done in accordance with the floor and in alignment with the block walls in the
foundation. When the wall attain the height of 900mm,openings are made in the room according to
windows specification from the building plan, only the toilet room are exceptional as their opening
position begins at the height of 1350mmat a height 2100 lintel beam is cat round the top of the external
walls.

The reinforcement steel bars are introduce in the form work and the form work then supported
with brace at top to make it strong and straight, then the concrete is place in form work, where is
tamped gently with a stick for proper compacting until is filled round this last course is known as head
course

ROOFING

Is the uppermost element of a building which provides shelter and gives protection from the
weather and has significant role to play in reduction of heat loss from the building.

There are different roofing components, which includes

Roofing

Roof covering

ROOF MEMBRANE

This comprises of all the wood involved in the building which are:

A.50 x 50mm for noggins

B. 50 x 75mm for purling’s

C. 50 x 150mmm for rafters

D. 75 x 100mm for kingpost

E. 25 x 250mm for facial board

F. 12 x 38mm for battens

ROOF COVERING
 This is an essential part of a roof usually laid over the form work to provide protection from weather
and other atmosphere condition there are different types of roof coverings, such as.

A. Galvanized corrugated iron sheet

B. Corrugated aluminum sheet (0.35,0,4,0,5,0,7mm)
C. Asbestos cement sheet
D. Bitumen
E. Concrete roofs etc.

NAILS

This a material made up of iron for holding the roof membranes together in a desire position and
strong as well as holding the roof covering to the roof members, they are of different sizes and types
which they function. In roofing the kingpost is erected at the center of the tie- beam and rafters.

The roof c covering is nailed directly on the purling’s the noggins is nailed under the beams

At a square shape of 60 x 600mm in each room of the building giving way to the ceiling sheet with
battens. (As shown in roof plan in a proposed 3 bedroom).

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

This act of placing electrical units in the building after the wall and the roof are been constructed
electrical units such as sockets, switches control point for fan, bulb etc. Is being placed at various points
in the building.

Electrical installation can be done in two ways such as surface wiring and conduct wiring.

SURFACE WIRING

Is when the cables are exposed on the walls ceiling noggins, it is less expensive and easy to detect a
fault built it takes time in working on it.
 While conduct wiring on the other hand is when the cables are passed through the wall and the ceiling
with the aid of a pipe (12mm diameter).this is done before the wall is plastered or before the ceiling is
covered.it is costlier but safe and does not take a lot of time in working on it and less strenuous.

MECHANICAL INSTALLATION

(Plumbering work) This is the act of installing mechanical units in the building such as water closets (WC)
toilets, shower rose ,shower ,tray ,bath tub ,floor drain ,wash hand basin, (WHB) kitchen sink etc.

Like electrical, mechanical installation also is done in two ways surface and conduct piping.

Surface piping is where the pipe and fitting are passed through the wall for supply of water in the
accessories 13mm and 19mm diameter pipes and fittings are used while supply from the overhead tank,
is with 25mm pipe and fittings for discharge of excreta to the soak away, 100mm pipe and fitting, are
use in covering excreta from the water closet (WC) to the inspection chamber outside and onward to
the septic tank. While other water waist are conveyed from their points by ;32mm diameter pipes and
fittings for wash hand basin 38mm diameter pipes and onward conveyance to the septic tank and soak
away through 100mm diameter pipe.

3.3 FINISHING

Finishing can be described as the direct application of plaster, paint vanishes or wall papers into the
structure finishing are carried out to improve the appearance of the structure and reduce maintenance
costs.

In particular situations other actors may also be of importance such as resistance of condensation
acoustic properties and provision of smooth surface.

FINISHES

A. Rendering:-this a form of plastic applied to the external surface of wall using a mixture of
cement and sand and lime to give extra protection against adverse weather condition or to
provide a desire texture. The coat is of 133mm thick.
 B. Plastering:-this term is usually applied to the internal surface of walls and ceiling to give a joint
less easily decorated and usually smooth surfaces often on even background. There are also
other finishing like dry lining, glazed wall tiles claddings, stone works mosaic/flint etc.

CEILING FINISHES

Ceiling is used to serve as internal finish for roof frame work, provide thermal installation and top
reduce noise especially coming from rain fall, ceiling framework are normally constructed and covered
with suitable material or ceiling lining that serves as the top inner surface of a room.

CEILLING BOARDS

The following materials are used as ceiling board in the topic:

1. Asbestos cement sheet

2. Wooden board
3. Calattes material
4. Particle board
5. Plaster of Paris –precast board (POP)
6. Bamboo
7. Reeds
8. Mat etc.
The ceiling board or sheet can be constructed in the following procedure.
i. Plan the strut so that they are flat square and smooth
ii. The struts are cut to the required length after determining the number needed.
iii. The noggins are cut to the required length needed.
iv. Battens are preformed into different sizes.
v. Nails one end of each strut to the beams or rafters as appropriate.
vi. Established the required level and position the noggin to the level nailed into the wall or
plugged into the wall. The middle noggin are nailed together and secured to the strut at
predetermined dimension.
vii. Then the ceiling boards are tagged to noggins using copper nails.
viii. The junctions formed by ceiling boards are covered by the preformed battings using
wires, nail.

3.4 TENDERING

This can be defined as an act by which submission of a quotation is made by a tender

when so desired by a client which may be an individual, a group of people, a company,
government ministry or any of it parastatals. The purpose for such invitation maybe for the
supply of certain goods such as furnitures,alluminium or bitumen or roofing materials or specials
door and windows etc. and can be for the construction and erection of a new building, road
work, bridges etc. Such tender can be a one man baid company, a medium size company a big –
time manufacturers or distributors or the highest caliber contractors. When such quotation
submitted it constitute what is known as a TENDER.

TYPES OF TENDER

It is commonly believed that tenders can be obtained by three basic methods vi z open,
selective and negotiated.
 OPEN TENDERING:- In this method tenders are invited by public advertisement. The open tender
method is usually adopted for public work as the rules generally requires that government
contracts and other public contracts be advertised publicly to obtain the most advantageous
terms. Any contractor who is within to undertake a piece of work and who has the requisite
finances and equipment to complete it satisfaction is allowed to submit the offer.

SELECTIVE TENDERING:- In this method the owner invites tenders from a few contractors who
are known to have specialized in a particular type of work and from whom he has, on previous
occasions obtained excellent result.

NEGOTIATED TENDERING:- Under this method only one builder is approached, normally because the
skills of the builder (contractor) are such that the architect and the other member of the design team
which to take advantage of the negotiation may be done using bill of quantities or schedule of rate.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the student work experience scheme (siwes) has given me an avenue to acquire new
and better working knowledge of my duties as a Quantity Surveyor exposing me to practical aspect of
my field and real field experiment.

It has not being easy financially during the 4 months period of the scheme, in respect to
transportation especially.

One expects that at the end of the month he will be given a token to motivate him and at the same
time settle problem but as there was none it is only the determination and zeal that was moving the
body and spirit around.

4.2 RECOMMENDATION

From experience so far, student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) is a very good
performance that is practically orientated.it broadens student oriented it also broaden student’s
perspective and knowledge about quantity surveying.
 It would have been more meaningful if government had organized center for all students to carry out
their programme. This will make for standard and uniformity of knowledge gained to the programme.

It would have been more meaningful if the allowance of the industrial training will be possible paid
immediately at the end of the programme.it will motivate student to be serious in the exercise.

4.3 SUMMARY

Summary, the student industrial work experience scheme (SIWES) provides students with avenue of
applying the knowledge, skills or ideas acquired in school into practice. Through this programme, the
students are sensitized to wider meaning social standing and responsibility.it makes the student to
appreciate, see for themselves construction sites and materials. Through this medium student were
taught to supervise resources materials.

Personally acquired a lot of knowledge through practical experience from the industrial Training
Programs done at Niger State Housing Corporation. Working with the workers exposed one to the
challenges to be faced and how to make possible solutions.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Circulation---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dedication---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acknowledgement------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Table of content--------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------
Scope--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aim ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Organization chart-------------------------------------------------------------
Relevant to student ----------------------------------------------------------
Company’s type of work--------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER TWO
Valuation-----------------------------------------------------------
Importance of bill of quantities----------------------------------------
Method of preparing bill quantities------------------------------------
Market survey-----------------------------------------------------