Airport

Chap
ters
Chapters.
1 Bags Packed p. 03
2 Taking Off p. 25
3 Inside the Plane p. 44
4 Immigration p. 64
5 Baggage Claim p. 81
6 Leaving the Airport p. 100
7 Check-in p. 119
Arquivo Interativo.
Interações no menu ao
lado, topo e base das
8 Security Check p. 140
9 Boarding Area
páginas, e nas indicações
do Grammar Guide no
final de cada lesson. p. 155
10 Grammar Guide p. 172

1
Bags Packed.
Chapter 1 Video Script Vocabulary Vocabulary Activities Grammar Grammar Activities
Part 1.
Video Script Traveling can be a lot of fun, but it’s important that we get ready for it properly.
Knowing the rules is the best way to avoid problems that can make you lose
some valuable time.
In this first chapter, we’ll give you some nice tips to help you make the most out of
your trip. You’ll learn all about packing and getting ready for an international flight.
Take a look at the script of Bags Packed.
BAGS PACKED
[At the Orlando Airport lobby]

James:
You’re about to go on your first international trip! Well, it might not be
your first international trip, but you still get the same butterflies in your
stomach every time you think about the journey from your home country
to your final destination. Before leaving, there are so many things that
you need to figure out!
Not only do you need to know how to pack properly, you need to
know your way around the airport, and you need to know some of the
questions that the immigration officers might ask you. And let me tell
you, this could take up a lot of your valuable time. Let me save you some
time! In this series, we will go through every step of the process! From
departure to arrival at your final destination, and all the way back home.
I’ll share some cool tips with you along the way!
[At home]
James:
But first things first. Getting ready for your trip begins in your home
country. You might be traveling for different purposes, maybe to see
some galleries, or to visit some theme parks, or to go shopping, or
maybe you want to do it all! No matter what the purpose of your trip
is, it’s important to remember that airlines have baggage-allowance
policies. That’s going to be something you want to consider while you’re
packing, because even if shopping isn’t the main purpose of your trip,
you’re going to buy some souvenirs along the way, and you need to
save some room for them.
< voltar para o índice

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Here’s the thing: in most international trips, you’ll be allowed two

checked bags weighing 23 kilos or 50 pounds each. I said: 23 kilos
or 50 pounds each. If you bring one bag weighing 25 kilos, you will
be charged an excess-baggage fee. And I promise you it can be very
expensive. For every country that you visit, it is important to remember
that there’ll be prohibited and restricted items. A useful tip is to always
google the name of the country you’re visiting and the keywords
“restricted” and “customs.”
Here’s a piece of advice: if you’re coming to the U.S., it’s best not to bring
any fruits or vegetables. And you might think, “But it’s just an apple! I
just have it because I’m hungry.” I totally understand that. But just an
apple can land you in a specific inspection. So, it’s best not to bring any.
Now, let’s talk about alcoholic beverages. Remember: you can bring
alcohol into the U.S., like a bottle of wine for your friend. But the U.S.
does have some restrictions concerning the amount of wine you can
bring to your friend. Also, some alcoholic beverages are prohibited in the
U.S., like absinthe. Those items are illegal and cannot be brought into
the country. Just leave them at home.
Did you know that the medication that you use for your health condition
could be prohibited or restricted in the U.S.? Play it safe and always use
these tips: first, when you’re traveling abroad, make sure you keep your
medication in your personal bag, preferably in the original container. And
second, make sure that you always have a doctor’s prescription written
in English as well.
Let’s talk about money. The first thing you should do is check the sum
you’re allowed to take with you when you’re traveling overseas. This
way, you won’t have any issues when departing. Now, when entering
the U.S., there is no cash limit to how much you can bring. Unless it
exceeds 10 thousand dollars, which you might have to declare.
Lastly, it’s important to make sure that your credit card company knows
that you’re traveling abroad. That way, as you’re making purchases, your
card won’t get declined, and you can enjoy your vacation.
[Leaving to the airport]

James:
It looks like we’re all set and we’re ready to go to the airport!

5
MAL AS PRONTAS
[No saguão do aeroporto de Orlando]

James:
Você está prestes a embarcar na sua primeira viagem internacional! Bem,
talvez não seja sua primeira viagem internacional, mas você ainda sente um
frio na barriga toda vez que pensa no trajeto do seu país até o seu destino
final. Antes de viajar, tem muitas coisas que você precisa saber!
Você tem que saber não apenas arrumar a sua mala, mas também como
se locomover pelo aeroporto e algumas das perguntas que os agentes de
imigração podem te fazer. E é o seguinte, isso pode consumir muito do seu
valioso tempo! Vou poupar um pouco do seu tempo! Nesta série, vamos
passar por cada passo desse processo! Do embarque à chegada ao seu
destino final, até o seu retorno para casa! Vou compartilhar umas dicas
bem legais ao longo do caminho!
[Em casa]
James:
Mas vamos começar do começo. Arrumar tudo para sua viagem começa
no seu país. Você pode estar viajando com objetivos diferentes, seja para
visitar galerias de arte, ou parques temáticos, ou até para fazer compras!
Bem, talvez você queira fazer tudo isso! Não importa qual seja o propósito
da sua viagem: é importante lembrar que todas as companhias aéreas
têm regras quanto à franquia de bagagem. Isso é algo para se considerar
quando você está arrumando as malas, porque mesmo que fazer compras
não seja o principal objetivo da sua viagem, você vai querer comprar
algumas lembrancinhas pelo caminho. E você precisa ter um espaço
para elas.
A questão é: na maioria das viagens internacionais, você só tem permissão

para levar até duas malas pesando 23 quilos ou 50 libras cada.
Eu disse: 23 quilos ou 50 libras cada. Se você levar uma mala pesando 25
quilos, você será cobrado por excesso de bagagem. E eu garanto que pode
ser bem caro.
Em cada país que você visitar, é importante lembrar que haverá itens
proibidos ou restritos. Uma dica útil é sempre pesquisar no Google o país
que você vai visitar seguido das palavras-chave “restrito” e “alfândega”.
Aqui vai um conselho: se você está viajando para os EUA, é melhor não
trazer frutas ou verduras e legumes. E você deve estar pensando: “Mas
é só uma maçã! Eu só trouxe porque estou com fome!” Eu entendo isso

6
perfeitamente. Mas uma simples maçã pode fazer com que você passe por uma
inspeção mais específica. Então, é melhor não trazer nenhuma.
Agora vamos falar de bebidas alcoólicas. Lembre-se de que você pode trazer bebidas
alcoólicas para os EUA, como uma garrafa de vinho para um amigo. Mas os EUA
também têm restrições quanto ao número de garrafas que você pode trazer. Além
disso, nos EUA algumas bebidas são proibidas, como o absinto. Esses itens são
ilegais, e não podem ser trazidos para o país. Então, deixe-os em casa.
Você sabia que os medicamentos que você usa para seus problemas de saúde
podem ser proibidos ou restritos nos EUA? Não se arrisque e use as seguintes dicas:
primeiro, certifique-se de que, ao viajar para o exterior, seus medicamentos estejam
na bagagem de mão, de preferência em suas embalagens originais. Em segundo lugar,
não se esqueça de levar uma receita médica escrita em inglês.
Vamos falar sobre dinheiro. A primeira coisa que você deve fazer é checar qual o valor
que você pode levar quando estiver viajando para o exterior. Dessa forma, você não
terá nenhum problema quando embarcar. Agora, quando você entrar nos EUA, não há
um limite de quanto dinheiro em espécie você pode trazer, a não ser que ele exceda
10 mil dólares; neste caso, talvez você tenha que declarar essa quantia.
E, por último, é importante garantir que a operadora do seu cartão de crédito saiba
que você está em uma viagem internacional. Dessa forma, ao fazer compras, nenhum
pagamento será recusado, e você poderá aproveitar suas férias.
[Saindo para o aeroporto]

James:
Acho que está tudo certo, estamos prontos para ir ao aeroporto!

7
Part 2.
Vocabulary When we go on a trip, there are many things we need to set up before taking off. The first
things we must do are:
GE TTING READY TO TRAVEL
To pack To go to the airport

Arrumar as malas Ir ao aeroporto
To check in To board
Fazer o check-in Embarcar

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Let’s focus on the first step. There are some types of luggage you can bring on an international flight:
T YPES OF LUGGAGE
Checked baggage Carry-on luggage Personal item

Bagagem despachada Bagagem de mão Item pessoal
Your personal item can be:
T YPES OF PERSONAL ITEMS
Purse Backpack
Bolsa feminina Mochila

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It’s also important to keep in mind that, on international flights, some rules must be followed.
Concerning your luggage, remember that:
On international flights, you are usually allowed to check

in two medium-size bags weighing 23 kg each.
Em voos internacionais, você geralmente pode despachar
duas malas médias de 23 kg cada.
Carry-on luggage must weigh around 5 to 10 kg,

depending on the airline.
As bagagens de mão devem pesar entre 5 e 10 kg,
dependendo da companhia aérea.
Carry-on luggage must fit in the overhead compartments

or under the seats.
As bagagens de mão devem caber no compartimento
superior ou embaixo dos assentos.
And we should pay attention to the fact that some items may be restricted, that
is, there’s a limited amount that you can bring, and others may be prohibited.
Restricted and prohibited items vary from one country to another. So, it’s
important to pay attention to the following items and check if any restrictions
apply before you leave.
COMMONLY RESTRICTED OR PROHIBITED ITEMS
Medication Alcoholic beverages

Medicamentos Bebidas alcoólicas

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Fresh food Weapons

Alimentos in natura Armas
Considering medication and alcoholic beverages, follow these pieces of advice:
You should have a prescription in English for your medication.

Você deve ter uma receita médica em inglês para os seus medicamentos.
You mustn’t enter the U.S. with liquor that is more than 70% alcohol content.
Você não pode entrar nos Estados Unidos com bebidas de teor alcoólico superior a 70%.
There is also a limit on how much alcohol you can bring into the U.S. The allowance is limited to 5 liters per
person. But when traveling abroad, you may come across some different units of measurement, especially
in the U.S. So, learn that:
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
1 pound (lb.) = 0.45 kilograms 1 ounce (oz.) = 28 grams

lb. 1 libra = 0,45 quilogramas
oz. 1 onça = 28 gramas
1 gallon = 3.78 liters

gal. 1 galão = 3,78 litros

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As for food, learn that:
Most processed foods that are unopened and commercially

labeled are admissible.
A maioria dos alimentos industrializados que não tenham sido
abertos e tenham rótulo do fabricante são permitidos.
You may take bakery items and most cheeses into the U.S., as long
as they are unopened and commercially labeled.
Você pode levar produtos de padaria e a maioria dos queijos para os Estados
Unidos, desde que eles estejam fechados e com rótulo do fabricante.
As a general rule, condiments, vinegars, oils, packaged spices, honey,

coffee, fish, tea, and baby formula are admissible.
Em geral, condimentos, vinagres, óleos e azeites, temperos embalados,
mel, café, peixe, chá e leite em pó para bebês são permitidos.
Foods in packaging that appears unsafe or contaminated

may be refused entry.
Alimentos em embalagens que aparentem não ser seguras
ou estar contaminadas podem ser barrados.
Regarding weapons or sharp objects, keep in mind that:
You mustn’t bring any weapons or sharp objects that can be used
as weapons in your carry-on luggage.
Você não pode levar nenhuma arma ou objetos afiados e/ou
pontiagudos que possam ser usados como armas na sua bagagem de mão.

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Among the sharp objects above are:
SHARP OBJE CTS
Scissors Needle Penknife

Tesoura Agulha Canivete
Knife Razor blade

Faca Lâmina de barbear
We should also pay attention to money. You can take any sum of money into the U.S., but anything
over 10 thousand dollars in cash should be declared.
You can take money in different ways:
MONE Y
Cash Credit or debit card Traveler’s check

Espécie / Dinheiro vivo Cartão de crédito ou débito Cheque de viagem

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Besides that, mind some rules concerning liquids in your carry-on:
Liquids are only allowed in the carry-on luggage

in 100-ml containers.
Líquidos só são permitidos na bagagem de mão
em embalagens de até 100 ml.
Keep the liquids in 100-ml containers in a clear bag

for the security check.
Guarde os líquidos em embalagens de 100 ml numa bolsa
transparente para a revista de segurança.
Liquids include any of the following:
LIQUIDS
Water Mouthwash Perfume Deodorant

Água Enxaguante bucal Perfume Desodorante
As for electronics, don’t forget that:
Electronics should be taken in the carry-on luggage.

Equipamentos eletrônicos devem ser levados
na bagagem de mão.

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Also, when traveling abroad, make sure you keep the following items in your
carry-on:
ITEMS IN THE CARRY-ON LUGGAGE
Cash Credit card

Espécie / Dinheiro vivo Cartão de crédito
Proof of hotel reservation Airplane tickets

Comprovante de reserva no hotel Passagens de avião
Passport
Passaporte
Now you know how to get ready for your trip, how to pack your bags, as well as the commonly
restricted or prohibited items at customs or on international flights.

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Part 3.
Vocabulary
A. Number the columns according to the translation of the words.
Activities
( 1 ) Airline ( 7 ) Fresh food ( ) Alimentos in natura ( ) Bolsa
( 2 ) Backpack ( 8 ) Prescription ( ) Armas ( ) Pesar
( 3 ) Carry-on luggage ( 9 ) Purse ( ) Companhia aérea ( ) Dinheiro vivo / em

espécie
( 4 ) Cash ( 10 ) To check in ( )F
azer o check-in /
despachar mala ( ) Voo
( 5 ) Checked baggage ( 11 ) Weapons
( ) Bagagem de mão ( ) Receita médica
( 6 ) Flight ( 12 ) To weigh
( ) Mochila ( )B
agagem
despachada
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
a) Pack your bags carefully and them before leaving home.

Faça suas malas com cuidado e pese-as antes de sair de casa.
b) On international , you can usually

two 23-kg bags.
backpack
f. purse /
Em voos internacionais, você geralmente pode despachar duas malas de 23 quilos.
d. prescription
c) Depending on the airline, the may weigh up to 10 or 15 kg.

c. carry-on luggage or carry-on
b. flights / check in e. weapons
Dependendo da companhia aérea, a bagagem de mão pode pesar até 10 ou 15 quilos.

Activity B – Answers
d) You should take your doctor’s in English.

Você deve levar sua receita médica em inglês.
a. weigh
e) You mustn’t bring sharp objects that can be used as

in your carry-on.
Você não pode levar objetos afiados e/ou pontiagudos que possam ser
Activity A – Answers
7 / 11 / 1 / 10 / 3 / 2 /
usados como armas na sua bagagem de mão.

9 / 12 / 4 / 6 / 8 / 5
f) Electronics and laptop computers should be taken in the carry-on luggage,

in your or .
Equipamentos eletrônicos e computadores portáteis devem ser levados na
bagagem de mão, na sua bolsa ou mochila.

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Part 4.
Grammar
After learning how to pack your bags properly, let’s focus on some language
items that can be quite practical when referring to the context of getting ready
to go on a trip. In this section, we’ll talk about the infinitive form and some modal
verbs that are commonly used in everyday English.
Let’s start with the infinitive form. It consists of the verb in its natural form,
without conjugation. In English, verbs in the infinitive are accompanied by the
particle to.
Look at the following examples:
To travel To do To go
Viajar Fazer Ir
It’s important to pay attention to the fact that to can be either a

preposition indicating direction, or the particle that designates the
infinitive form.
Look at the example:
(1) (2)
I have to go to the airport.

Eu tenho que ir para o aeroporto.
to (1) – infinitive particle
to (2) – preposition indicating direction
Let’s see other sentences with the infinitive form:
I need to pack my bags tonight.

Eu preciso arrumar minhas malas hoje à noite.
I have to check in at 7 p.m.

Eu tenho que fazer o check-in às 7 da noite.

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As we’ve seen in the examples, the verbs have and need are usually followed by the infinitive
form when used to talk about things that are required or necessary.
But there are other structures that also take the infinitive form. To talk about something that is
permitted, we use the expression be allowed + infinitive.
BE ALLOWED + INFINITIVE
PERMISSION
On international flights, you are allowed to check in two medium-size bags.
Em voos internacionais, você tem permissão para despachar duas malas
de tamanho médio.
In your carry-on luggage, you are only allowed to carry liquids in 100-ml containers.
Na sua bagagem de mão, você só tem permissão para carregar líquidos em
embalagens de 100 ml.
To express a prohibition, we can use be allowed + infinitive in the negative form:
BE NOT ALLOWED + INFINITIVE
LACK OF PERMISSION
You are not allowed to carry sharp objects in your carry-on luggage.
Você não tem permissão para levar objetos afiados e/ou
pontiagudos na sua bagagem de mão.
Or we can use the structure be forbidden + infinitive.
BE FORBIDDEN + INFINITIVE
PROHIBITION
You are forbidden to carry sharp objects in your carry-on luggage.
Você está proibido de levar objetos afiados e/ou pontiagudos na sua bagagem de mão.

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Summing up, we can use the following expressions followed by verbs in the infinitive:
YOU HAVE + INFINITIVE Used to express necessity or obligation

Usado para expressar necessidade ou obrigação
YOU NEED + INFINITIVE Used to express necessity

Usado para expressar necessidade
YOU ARE ALLOWED + INFINITIVE Used to express permission

Usado para expressar permissão
YOU ARE FORBIDDEN + INFINITIVE Used to express prohibition

Usado para expressar proibição
Another way to express obligation, necessity, permission, or prohibition is to use the modal verbs.
Modal verbs are followed by the bare infinitive, that is, the infinitive form without the particle to.
To talk about possibility, we use the modal verb can. And to talk about permission, we can use the
modal verb may.
Sometimes, depending on the context, can and may will be close in meaning. If something is
possible, it can also be considered permitted. That’s the case in the following examples:
MODAL VERBS CAN AND MAY
POSSIBILITY AND PERMISSION

Possibilidade e permissão
You can take bakery items and most cheeses into the U.S.
Você pode levar itens de padaria e a maioria dos queijos para os Estados Unidos.
You may take bakery items and most cheeses into the U.S.

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However, in most cases, the structure You can… conveys an idea of possibility:
it’s possible; whereas the structure You may… emphasizes the idea of
permission: it’s allowed.
You can… You may…

It’s possible It’s allowed
É possível É permitido
To express the opposite, that is, to say that something is not possible, or not
allowed, or not permitted, we’ll use the same modal verbs, but in the negative
form.
There is still another modal verb that emphasizes the idea that something is
forbidden: The modal verb must, which will also be used in its negative form.
Have a look at some examples:
MODAL VERBS CANNOT, MAY NOT, MUST NOT
NOT POSSIBLE Não é possível
You cannot bring liquor that is more than 70% alcohol content.
Você não pode trazer bebidas alcoólicas que tenham mais de 70%
de teor alcoólico.
NOT ALLOWED Não é permitido
You may not carry sharp objects in your carry-on.

Você não pode carregar objetos afiados e/ou pontiagudos na sua
bagagem de mão.
FORBIDDEN Proibido
You must not bring weapons into the U.S.

Você não pode trazer armas para os Estados Unidos.

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As you can see, the modal verb must in the negative form expresses a prohibition. However, in the
affirmative form, it does not express the opposite meaning, which would be an idea of permission.
Differently from what one might conclude, must in the affirmative form conveys, in fact, an obligation.
Look at the examples:
MODAL VERB MUST
OBLIGATION
Obrigação
Your carry-on luggage must weigh up to 10 kg.

Sua bagagem de mão tem que pesar até 10 kg.
Your carry-on luggage must fit in the overhead compartment or under the seat in front of you.
Sua bagagem de mão tem que caber no compartimento superior ou abaixo do assento à sua frente.
An obligation may sound too emphatic depending on the situation. Therefore, it’s
important to mention that, when we want to refer to things that are recommended,
we’ll use the modal verb should.
In the negative form, this modal verb conveys the opposite idea, that is, something
that is not recommended to be done. Take a look at some examples:
MODAL VERB SHOULD
RECOMMENDATION
Recomendação
Electronics should be taken in your carry-on luggage.

Equipamentos eletrônicos devem ser levados na sua bagagem de mão.
You should have a prescription in English for your medication.

Você deve ter uma receita médica em inglês para os seus medicamentos.
To avoid problems, you should not take fruits and vegetables to the U.S.
Para evitar problemas, você não deve levar frutas e legumes e verduras
para os Estados Unidos.

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So now you know how to recognize verbs in the infinitive form, as

well as how to talk about permission, possibility, prohibition, and
recommendations using the modal verbs can, may, must, and should.
If you want to learn more about these topics, check the Grammar Guide
at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Infinitive Form Page 173 w

Modal Verb Can Page 188 w
Modal Verb Should Page 199 w
Modal Verb May Page 194 w
Modal Verb Must Page 197 w

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Part 5.
Grammar
A. Number the columns according to the idea conveyed by the modal verbs.
Activities
( 1 ) Possible or permitted ( ) can
( 2 ) Not possible, not allowed, forbidden ( ) cannot
( 3 ) Obligation ( ) may
( 4 ) Recommended ( ) may not
( 5 ) Not recommended ( ) must
( 6 ) Prohibition ( ) must not
( ) should
( ) should not
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb.
a) You take bakery items and most cheeses into the U.S.
b) Your carry-on luggage weigh up to 10 kg.

Sua bagagem de mão tem que pesar até 10 kg.
c) To avoid problems, you take fruits and vegetables to the U.S.

Para evitar problemas, você não deve levar frutas e legumes e verduras para os Estados Unidos.
d) You carry sharp objects in your carry-on.

Você não pode carregar objetos afiados e/ou pontiagudos na sua bagagem de mão.
e) You take a prescription in English for your medication.

Você deve levar uma receita médica em inglês para os seus medicamentos.

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g. cannot / can’t / must not / mustn’t / may not

d. cannot / can’t / may not / must not / mustn’t
f) Your carry-on luggage fit in the overhead
compartment or under the seat in front of you.
Sua bagagem de mão tem que caber no compartimento superior ou
abaixo do assento à sua frente.
1/2/1/2/3/6/4/5
g) You bring liquor that is more than 70% alcohol
content.
Você não pode trazer bebidas alcoólicas que tenham mais de 70% de teor
h. should
e. should
f. must
alcoólico.
h) Electronics be taken in your carry-on luggage.
c. should not / shouldn’t

Equipamentos eletrônicos devem ser levados na sua bagagem de mão.
a. can / may
b. must
Notes

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2
Taking Off.
Part 1.
Video Script On international flights departing from your home country, announcements are
usually made in both your native language and in English. But what if you are
connecting in the U.K. or in the U.S, for example? Well, in this case, English will be
your only option.
In this chapter, Tom, an experienced flight attendant, will give us important
information on what passengers should expect when they are on an international
flight, from the moment they board the plane until they disembark. And, of
course, you will learn some useful words and expressions as well. Now fasten
your seat belt and take a look at the script of Taking Off.
TAKING OFF
[At the airport check-in area]

James:
You’ve got to the airport, checked your bags, went through local
customs and immigration, probably had something to eat, and waited
at the boarding gate for a while until you got on a plane. Well, you were
in your home country, and you did it all in your mother tongue. So, even
if this is your first international trip and the steps and procedures are
new to you, being able to speak your native tongue in your own country
makes it all simple.
It was just when you were on the airplane that you probably started
hearing and speaking English. When you are off to an international
destination, it’s very likely that most in-flight announcements will
be made in both languages, English and your mother tongue. But,
depending on the airline company, there’s a chance you’ll hear them
only in English. Besides, if you’re visiting the U.S. and you have a
domestic connecting flight before you reach your final destination,
chances are you won’t be hearing anything but English.
But don’t panic! The good thing about in-flight announcements is that
they follow the same pattern, no matter the airline company. And I have
someone with me who’ll give us all the tips we need! I’m here today
with Tom Donoya, an experienced flight attendant. He’s going to share
a little bit of information with us with regard to the in-flight experience
during an international flight.

26
[Interview]
James:
How are you doing today, Tom?
Tom:
I’m good, thanks. How are you today?
James:
I’m doing great, thanks for asking!
Tom:
Good!
James:
So, what are some of the things that passengers will experience when
they first board the plane?
Tom:
Once they’ve boarded the plane, they’ll be greeted by one or more flight
attendants, they’ll be saying “good morning” or ”good afternoon,” and
as they’re boarding, they’ll see the overhead bins, they’ll see the seat
numbers, they’ll be looking at their boarding pass, so they know exactly
where they’ll be seated. So, there are a few things to expect. Also,
they must keep in mind that the flight attendants are looking for safety
things, such as, “what items are they bringing on the plane?” “Could
they be a potential threat?” etc.
Once the cabin fills up a little bit, usually about five or six minutes into
the boarding process, one of the flight attendants will be announcing
from the intercom, either from the rear of the cabin or from the front, and
they’ll be saying:
[On the airplane]

Flight Attendant:
Good morning! And welcome on board! This is flight number 1234 with
direct service to Orlando, Florida. Please assist us in departing on time by
stepping out of the aisle once you have located your assigned seat. If you
look at your boarding pass, it’ll show where you’ll be joining us today.
Please place your bags longways in the overhead bin, or place your
smaller personal items, such as backpacks, computer bags, and purses,
completely underneath the seat in front of you.
Please take a look at the safety information card in the seat-back pocket for
a list of exit-row requirements. If you do not feel comfortable operating the
exit row, please contact a flight attendant for reseating, and, once again,
welcome aboard! This is flight number 1234 with service to Orlando, Florida.

27
DE COL ANDO
[Na área de check-in do aeroporto]

James:
Você chegou ao aeroporto, despachou as suas malas, passou pela
alfândega e imigração locais, provavelmente comeu alguma coisa, e
esperou no portão de embarque por um tempo até embarcar. Bem,
você estava no seu país de origem, e fez tudo isso no seu idioma nativo.
Logo, mesmo que esta seja sua primeira viagem internacional e os
passos e procedimentos sejam novidade para você, poder falar no seu
idioma nativo, no seu país de origem, torna tudo isso mais simples.
Somente quando você estava no avião, que você provavelmente

começou a ouvir e falar em inglês. Quando você está indo para um
destino internacional, é muito provável que a maioria dos anúncios feitos
durante o voo sejam feitos em ambas as línguas, inglês e seu idioma
nativo. Mas, dependendo da companhia aérea, existe a possibilidade de
ouvi-los só em inglês. Além do mais, se você está visitando os Estados
Unidos e você tem uma conexão doméstica antes de chegar ao seu
destino final, é bem provável que você só ouça inglês.
Mas não entre em pânico! O bom desses anúncios de bordo é que eles
seguem o mesmo padrão, independente da companhia aérea. E aqui
comigo está alguém com todas as dicas de que precisamos! Estou
aqui com Tom Donoya, um comissário de bordo experiente. Ele vai
compartilhar algumas informações conosco sobre experiências a bordo
de um voo internacional.
[Entrevista]
James:
Como vai você, Tom?
Tom:
Estou bem, obrigado. E você?
James:
Estou ótimo, obrigado por perguntar!
Tom:
Que bom!
James:
Então, o que acontece com os passageiros assim que eles embarcam
no avião?

28
Tom:
Quando embarcarem, serão cumprimentados por um ou mais
comissários com um “bom-dia” ou “boa-tarde”, e durante o embarque
eles verão os compartimentos superiores, os números de assento, e
olharão para seus cartões de embarque para saber exatamente onde
vão se sentar. Então, essas são algumas coisas que se pode esperar.
Eles devem saber que os comissários vão observar tudo para garantir
a segurança, como quais itens você está levando, se podem ser uma
ameaça em potencial etc.
Assim que a cabine encher um pouco, e isso geralmente acontece uns

cinco a seis minutos depois do início do embarque, um dos comissários
de bordo irá anunciar pelo alto-falante, tanto da parte de trás quanto da
frente da cabine:
[No avião]
Comissário de bordo:
Bom-dia! Bem-vindos a bordo! Este é o voo número 1234, com destino
a Orlando, Flórida. Por gentileza, nos ajudem a decolar dentro do
horário, liberando o corredor assim que tenham localizado seus assentos
designados. Se olharem seus cartões de embarque, verão os números
dos seus assentos.
Por favor, acomodem as bagagens de mão nos compartimentos acima

de seus assentos, ou coloquem seus itens pessoais menores, como
mochilas, computadores ou bolsas, completamente abaixo do assento à
sua frente.
Por gentileza, leiam o cartão com instruções de segurança localizado

no bolso da poltrona à sua frente para saber os requisitos necessários
para se sentar na saída de emergência. Se você não se sente apto para
operá-la, por favor chame um comissário de bordo para ser realocado, e,
novamente, sejam bem-vindos a bordo! Este é o voo número 1234 com
destino a Orlando, Flórida.

29
Part 2.
Vocabulary You’ve arrived at the airport, checked your bags, and boarded the aircraft. A few
steps mark this part of your journey. Take a look at them:
STEPS WHEN TRAVELING BY PL ANE
Boarding Departure Taxiing

Embarque Partida Taxiamento
Takeoff Cruise Landing

Decolagem Cruzeiro Pouso/Aterrissagem
Before walking the jetway onto the airplane, you will need two things:
IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS
Boarding pass Passport

Cartão de embarque Passaporte

30
These are the people working on your flight. They are the flight crew or aircrew:
FLIGHT CR E W
Captain Co-pilot
Comandante Copiloto
Flight attendants Cabin chief

Comissários de bordo Chefe de cabine
These are words you need to know in order to fully understand the safety procedures.
KE Y WORDS REL ATED TO SAFE T Y PROCEDURES
Overhead compartment/bin Seat Seat belt

Compartimento de bagagem Assento Cinto de segurança
Seat pocket Tray table Life vest Lavatory

Bolsão do assento Bandeja Colete salva-vidas Banheiro

31
Most seats are distributed in trios. There’ll be three types of seats.
T YPES OF SEATS
Aisle
Corredor
Middle
Meio
Window
Janela
There will be letters assigned to each seat. You can

see which one is yours above your row. Take a look:
It’s time for the announcements now. The cabin chief is the head of the flight attendants, and here
are some sentences you may hear in the introduction.
Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Skyline

Cruise flight 123 to San Francisco. My name is
Stacy and I’m your cabin chief.
Senhoras e senhores, bem-vindos ao voo 123 da
Skyline Cruise para São Francisco. Meu nome é
Stacy, e eu sou a sua chefe de cabine.

32
You must remember that flight attendants are responsible for on-board safety, so
it’s important to keep the way clear inside the aircraft. That’s why you’ll hear the
following instructions:
Please, stow your hand luggage in the overhead

compartment or under the seat in front of you.
Por favor, coloque a sua bagagem de mão no compartimento
superior ou embaixo do assento à sua frente.
Your personal belongings must be kept in

the seat pocket in front of you.
Seus pertences devem ser guardados dentro
do bolsão do assento à sua frente.
At this moment, the flight attendants will inform the takeoff procedures.
Ladies and gentlemen, we’re preparing

for takeoff. Keep your seat belt fastened while
the “fasten seat belt” sign is on.
Senhoras e senhores, estamos nos preparando para a
decolagem. Mantenham o cinto de segurança afivelado
enquanto os avisos de fechar os cintos estiverem acesos.
Make sure your seat backs and tray

tables are in full upright position.
Certifique-se de que o seu assento e a bandeja
à sua frente estejam na posição vertical.

33
While the aircraft taxies toward the runway, the flight attendants explain the safety procedures,
and this is extremely important. Let’s take a look at this announcement:
There are six emergency exits on this aircraft.

Take a minute to locate the exit nearest to you.
Há seis saídas de emergência nesta aeronave. Reserve
um instante para localizar a saída mais próxima de você.
This is the procedure in case of pressure loss in the cabin.
Oxygen masks will drop down from above your seat. Place the mask
over your mouth and nose and pull the strap to tighten it.
Make sure that your own mask is on before helping others.
Máscaras de oxigênio cairão do compartimento acima do seu assento.
Ajuste a sua máscara antes de ajudar os outros.
This is the procedure in case of an emergency landing:
In case of emergency landing, life rafts and life

vests are located below your seats.
Em caso de pouso de emergência, botes e coletes
salva-vidas estão localizados abaixo do seu assento.
And then you will certainly hear this:

This is a non-smoking flight. All lavatories are equipped
with smoke detectors. Disabling, destroying, or tampering
with them is prohibited by law.
É proibido fumar a bordo. Todos os lavatórios são equipados
com detectores de fumaça. Desativar, destruir ou alterar os
detectores é proibido por lei.
So now you know the keywords and sentences related to boarding and takeoff procedures,
as well as in-flight announcements and security procedures.

34
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Boarding ( 7 ) Overhead ( ) Comissários de bordo ( ) Partida

compartment
( 2 ) Departure ( ) Cartão de embarque ( ) Tripulação
( 8 ) Seat
( 3 ) Takeoff ( ) Colete salva-vidas ( ) Cinto de segurança
( 9 ) Cabin chief
( 4 ) Landing ( )C
ompartimento de ( ) Pouso/Aterrissagem
( 10 ) Seat belt bagagem
( 5 ) Boarding pass ( ) Assento
( 11 ) Flight attendants ( ) Chefe de cabine
( 6 ) Flight crew ( ) Decolagem
( 12 ) Life vest ( ) Embarque
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.
a) Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to Skyline Cruise flight 123 to San

Francisco. My name is Stacy and I’m your .
Senhoras e senhores, bem-vindos ao voo 123 da Skyline Cruise para São
Francisco. Meu nome é Stacy, e eu sou a sua chefe de cabine.
b) Please, stow your hand luggage in the or under the

seat in front on you. d. seat belt
Por favor, coloque a sua bagagem de mão no compartimento superior ou f. landing

e. seat
embaixo do assento à sua frente.
c) Ladies and gentlemen, we’re preparing for .

b. overhead compartment
Senhoras e senhores, estamos nos preparando para a decolagem.

d) Keep your fastened while the “fasten seat belt” sign is on.
a. cabin chief
Mantenham o cinto de segurança afivelado enquanto os avisos de fechar os

c. takeoff
cintos estejam acesos.
e) Make sure your backs and tray tables are in full

upright position.
11 / 5 / 12 / 7 / 9 / 1 /
Certifique-se de que o seu assento e a bandeja à sua frente estejam na

2 / 6 / 10 / 4 / 8 / 3
posição vertical.
f) In case of emergency , life rafts and life vests are

located below your seats.
Em caso de pouso de emergência, botes e coletes salva-vidas estão
localizados abaixo do seu assento.

35
Part 4.
Grammar In the last chapter, we focused on verbs. Now you will learn how to identify other important
elements in the sentence. Let’s start with proper nouns.
Proper nouns are names of people, animals, or places. For example: Michael, Mary, Ms.
Daisy; or the name of your pet: Bella, Minnie, Lola; or the name of a country, a city, a mountain,
a company, etc.
There are two proper nouns in the following sentence, the name of a company and the name of
a city. Notice that proper nouns are always capitalized:
PROPER NOUN
Substantivo Próprio
Skyline Cruise welcomes passengers on flight 123 to San Francisco.

A Skyline Cruise dá as boas-vindas aos passageiros do voo 123 para São Francisco.
Common Nouns are used to designate general things, ideas, people, or animals, like “lawyer”
(advogado), “bus driver” ( motorista de ônibus), “bear” (urso), “intelligence” (inteligência), or
“love” (amor). Let’s look at an example:
COMMON NOUN
Substantivo Comum
Skyline Cruise welcomes passengers on flight 123 to San Francisco.

In English, most common nouns have no gender identification. In other languages there are
feminine and masculine nouns; in English, however, no matter the gender, the article never
changes. And concerning the definite article, the same applies to plural and singular. Take a
look at the examples:
The flight attendant The flight attendants

O comissário de bordo / Os comissários de bordo /
A comissária de bordo As comissárias de bordo

36
In some languages, it’s OK to place a definite article before the proper noun. In English, the general
rule is not to use articles before proper nouns. Take a look:
PROPER NOUN
Substantivo Próprio
CORRECT: Skyline Cruise welcomes passengers on flight 123 to San Francisco.

INCORRECT: The Skyline Cruise welcomes passengers on flight 123 to the San Francisco.
Skyline Cruise dá as boas-vindas aos passageiros do voo 123 para São Francisco.
There’s an exception to this rule, though; when there is a common noun as part of
the proper noun.
ARTICLE + PROPER NOUNS
General Rule: Articles are not used before proper nouns

Regra geral: Não se usa artigo antes de substantivos próprios
Exception: Definite articles are used before proper nouns that

have a common noun as part of them.
Exceção: Usam-se os artigos definidos antes de substantivos
próprios que contêm um substantivo comum como parte do nome.
For example, we’ll say The United States. It is a proper noun.

It’s the name of the country, but it includes a common noun as part of its name: states.
The same goes for The United Kingdom. We use the before it because kingdom is a common
noun and part of the proper noun.
Take a look at these sentences:
Our plane is coming from the United States.

Nosso avião está chegando dos Estados Unidos.
We are flying to the United Kingdom.

Estamos voando para o Reino Unido.

37
As for common nouns, it’s the opposite. In most cases, when the context is
specific, we’ll use the definite article before the common noun. Let’s see some
examples:
Take a minute to locate the exit nearest to you.

Reserve um instante para localizar a saída mais perto de você.
Electronic devices must be kept in the seat pocket in front of you.

Aparelhos eletrônicos devem ser guardados dentro do
bolsão do assento à sua frente.
Now look at some examples of situations in which the nouns are not specific.
In such cases, we will not use the definite article.
In the first example, we do not use the definite article before the noun flight,
because we are talking about a general situation. Everyone knows that smoking
is prohibited on airplanes. It’s not specific to “the flight you are on,” so we use the
indefinite article a instead.
This is a non-smoking flight.

É proibido fumar a bordo.
In this next example, you will see that the nouns life rafts and life vests are
not defined either. We are talking about these nouns in a general way, so they
are not accompanied by the definite article the. And, in this case, they’re not
accompanied by the indefinite article either. The indefinite article a is equivalent
to the number one (1); therefore, it is NOT used before plural nouns.
Look at the example:
In case of emergency landing, life rafts and life vests

are located below your seats.
Em caso de pouso de emergência, botes e coletes salva-vidas
estão localizados abaixo do seu assento.

38
We can also specify the noun through possessive adjectives. We use them when it’s clear that the noun
refers to a specific thing that belongs to someone. In this case, we’ll only use the possessive: we do NOT
use articles before the possessive adjective.
Check it out:
My name is Stacy and Keep your seat belt fastened while the
I’m your cabin chief. “fasten seat belt” sign is on.
Meu nome é Stacy e eu Mantenha o seu cinto de segurança afivelado enquanto
sou a sua chefe de cabine. os avisos de fechar os cintos estiverem acesos.
Here’s a list with the possessive adjectives:
MY ITS
meu, minha, meus, minhas dele, dela
( pronome neutro; não se refere a
pessoas)
YOUR
seu, sua
OUR
nosso, nossa, nossos, nossas
HIS
dele
YOUR
(se referindo a pessoas)
seus, suas, de vocês
HER
dela THEIR
(se referindo a pessoas) deles, delas
Possessives make the noun much more specific than the article. If
you want to ask where your seat is, you should use a possessive Where is my seat?
adjective. For example: Onde fica o meu assento?

39
The answer to this kind of question might require a preposition of place.

These prepositions serve to indicate the location of things. Let’s see some examples:
Stow your hand luggage in the overhead compartment

or under the seat in front of you.
Coloque sua bagagem de mão no compartimento superior
ou embaixo do assento à sua frente.
Now take a look at these next examples:
Life rafts and life vests are located below your seat.
Botes e coletes salva-vidas estão localizados abaixo do seu assento.
Oxygen masks will drop down from above your seat.

Máscaras de oxigênio cairão do compartimento acima do seu assento.
Your personal belongings must be kept in the seat pocket in front of you.
Seus pertences deverão ser guardados dentro do bolsão à sua frente.
Take a look at some common prepositions of place we used in the examples:
ABOVE BELOW IN
acima abaixo dentro
IN FRONT OF UNDER
em frente a embaixo

40
If you want to learn more about articles, prepositions of place,

nouns, and possessive adjectives, go to the Grammar Guide
section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Definite Article Page 178 w

Indefinite Article Page 181 w
Nouns Page 213 w
Possessive Adjectives Page 271 w
Prepositions of Place Page 205 w

41
Part 5.
Grammar Activities
A. Write a, b, c, or d in the parentheses according to the function of the words in bold in the sentences.
( a ) DEFINITE ARTICLE + PROPER NOUN ( c ) INDEFINITE ARTICLE + COMMON NOUN
( b ) DEFINITE ARTICLE + COMMON NOUN ( d ) POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE + COMMON NOUN
( ) Keep your seat belt fastened while the “fasten seat belt” sign is on.
( ) Take a minute to locate the exit nearest to you.
( ) Stow your hand luggage in the overhead compartment or under the seat in front of you.
( ) This is a non-smoking flight.
( ) Electronic devices must be kept in the seat pocket in front of you.
( ) Our plane is coming from the United States.
( ) Oxygen masks will drop from above your seat.
( ) We are flying to the United Kingdom.
( ) Make sure that your own mask is on before helping others.
B. Fill in the blanks with the definite article (the) or write X when it shouldn’t be used.
a) Skyline Cruise welcomes passengers on flight 123 to San Francisco.

b) We are flying to United States.

Estamos voando para os Estados Unidos.
c) Please stow your hand luggage in overhead compartment or under

the seat in front of you.
Por favor, coloque sua bagagem de mão no compartimento superior ou embaixo do assento à

sua frente.

42
d) In case of emergency landing, life rafts and life vests are located below
your seat.
Em caso de pouso de emergência, botes e coletes salva-vidas estão localizados abaixo
d/b/d/c/b/a/d/a/d
do seu assento.
e) Keep your seat belt fastened while

“fasten seat belt” sign is on.
e. X / the
c. the
antenham o cinto de segurança afivelado enquanto os avisos de fechar os cintos
M
d. X
estiverem acesos.
b. the
a. X
Notes

43
3
Inside the
Plane.
Part 1.
Video Script Your plane has finally taken off. The moment for you to stretch your legs a bit, go
to the toilet or just get some nice sleep is now very close. But there are still some
important things you should know. Our friend Tom is back. In this chapter, he will
tell us what happens during a flight, what kinds of announcements are usually
made, and what is the most important thing about flying.
As the interview with Tom continues, you will be introduced to a few useful
words and expressions and have the opportunity to learn some language items
that can be used in situations we are all very familiar with. Look at the script of
Inside the plane.
INSIDE THE PL ANE
[At the airport]

James:
OK, so I know you mentioned something about the announcements
prior to takeoff. But what is the first announcement that we might hear
during takeoff?
Tom:
Alright, so usually, about five to six minutes, sometimes ten minutes,
depending on what the weather is like, the first announcement you’ll
hear is:
[On the airplane]

Flight Attendant:
Alright, ladies and gentlemen, we have a few safety announcements
before our flight. If you look up, you’ll see that the “fasten seat belt” sign
is still illuminated.Federal aviation regulations require that all passengers
remain seated anytime that this seat belt sign is on.
There are lavatories. For the forward lavatory, only one passenger
may be waiting for that lavatory at any time. There are changing tables
as well.
We’ll be offering food and beverages on this flight as well.

45
[At the airport]

Tom:
If it’s like a dinnertime type of meal, these are your options: it could be
chicken, pasta, or beef; those are typical. We’ll provide a variety of beer,
liquor, wine, juices, sodas, and other menu items. You can expect an
interval snack period. If it’s breakfast, it’s kind of a smaller menu item,
I would say.
[On the airplane]

Flight Attendant:
Could you please take your seats and fasten your seat belts?
[At the airport]

Tom:
We have three levels of turbulence: mild, medium, and extreme. Anytime
that we hit turbulence, you will see the seat belt sign illuminate.
[On the airplane]

Flight Attendant:
Ladies and gentlemen, the captain has turned on the “fasten seat belt”
sign. If you are up and about through the cabin, we do ask that you
please return to your seat as safely and as swiftly as possible.
If you have little ones with you, please make sure that they are buckled
in their seat as well.
Flight attendants, please be seated.
[At the airport]

Tom:
It’s really important that people, both passengers and flight attendants,
do respect that seat belt sign and respect the captain’s orders.
James:
How about when we’re landing? Is there anything that a passenger
should know? Are there any other announcements that we might hear
from the captain or from the crew?
Tom:
Absolutely! We have two different announcements: one is called “Our
initial descent,” and the other is called “Our final descent.”
[On the airplane]

Flight Attendant:
Ladies and gentlemen, the captain has turned on the “fasten seat belt”
sign, indicating our initial descent into Orlando.

46
Please, assist us in getting the cabin ready for its next flight by checking
around your seat, your seat-back pocket, etc. If you have a laptop, we
have a few minutes remaining before you have to stow that laptop
away.
Please, make sure that you are buckled and that your little ones are also
fastened in their seat belts.
[At the airport]

Tom:
And then, for the final descent, we do require that all passengers put
their tray tables up, seat belts on, luggage or any bags completely
underneath the seat in front of them. We do ask that all passengers
keep any pets in their carriage case, underneath the seat in front. If it’s
an emotional support animal, they can remain on the lap if it’s safe and
comfortable for both the passenger and the animal.
James:
What is the most important thing for you, as a flight attendant, that a
passenger should know?
Tom:
Safety! Safety, without question. It is always, always safety. Safety for
themselves, safety for us, safety for the entire cabin. Because a flight
attendant’s purpose is the safety of the flight.
DENTRO DO AVIÃO
[No aeroporto]
James:
OK, eu sei que você mencionou algo sobre os anúncios antes da
decolagem. Mas qual é o primeiro anúncio que provavelmente vamos
ouvir durante a decolagem?
Tom:
Bem, normalmente após cinco ou seis minutos, às vezes até dez
minutos, dependendo de como o tempo estiver, o primeiro anúncio que
você vai ouvir é:

47
[No avião]
OK, senhoras e senhores, temos alguns anúncios de segurança antes do
nosso voo.
Se você olhar para cima, verá que o sinal de afivelar o cinto de

segurança continua aceso. O regulamento federal de aviação requer
que todos os passageiros permaneçam sentados sempre que o sinal de
afivelar os cintos esteja aceso.
Temos lavatórios. Quanto ao lavatório dianteiro, somente uma pessoa

por vez pode estar na fila de espera. Temos também trocadores para
bebês.
Também vamos oferecer comidas e bebidas neste voo.
[No aeroporto]
Tom:
Caso seja uma refeição na hora do jantar, suas opções podem ser
frango, massa ou carne; essas são as mais típicas. Serviremos uma
variedade de cervejas, destilados, vinhos, sucos e refrigerantes, assim
como outros itens do nosso cardápio. Pode haver um lanche entre
as refeições. Caso seja o café da manhã, eu diria que o menu é mais
reduzido.
[No avião]
Por favor, dirijam-se aos seus assentos e apertem os cintos de
segurança.
[No aeroporto]
Tom:
Temos três níveis de turbulência: leve, média e extrema. Toda vez
que passarmos por turbulência, você verá o sinal de apertar os cintos
acender.
[No avião]
Senhoras e senhores, o comandante acendeu o aviso de apertar os
cintos. Se você está circulando pela cabine, nós pedimos que retorne ao
seu assento da forma mais rápida e segura possível. Se você está com
crianças pequenas, por favor, certifique-se de que elas também estejam
com os cintos afivelados.
Comissários de bordo, sentem-se, por gentileza.

48
[No aeroporto]
Tom:
É muito importante que as pessoas, tanto passageiros quanto
comissários, respeitem o sinal de apertar os cintos e as ordens do
comandante.
James:
E quando estamos pousando? Há algo que um passageiro deva saber,
ou algum outro anúncio que possamos ouvir do comandante ou da
tripulação?
Tom:
É claro! Temos dois anúncios diferentes: um é chamado de “Início de
descida”, e o outro é chamado de “Descida final”.
[No avião]
Senhoras e senhores, o comandante acendeu o sinal de apertar os
cintos, indicando o início do nosso pouso em Orlando.
Por gentileza, ajude-nos a deixar a cabine pronta para nosso próximo

voo, verificando seus assentos e o bolsão à sua frente. Se você possui
um laptop, restam alguns minutos antes que você tenha que guardá-lo.
Por favor, certifiquem-se de que seus cintos estejam afivelados, e de

que suas crianças também estejam com seus cintos afivelados.
[No aeroporto]
Tom:
E então, para a descida final, nós solicitamos que todos os passageiros
coloquem as bandejas na posição original, que apertem os cintos, e que
guardem quaisquer bagagens ou sacolas embaixo do assento à frente.
Nós pedimos que mantenham seus animais de estimação em suas
caixas de transporte, abaixo do assento à frente. Caso seja um animal
de apoio emocional, ele poderá permanecer no colo do passageiro,
desde que isso seja seguro e cômodo para ambos.
James:
Qual é a coisa mais importante para você, como comissário de bordo,
que um passageiro deve saber?
Tom:
Segurança. Segurança, sem sombra de dúvidas! Se trata sempre,
sempre, de segurança. Segurança para eles mesmos, para a tripulação,
segurança para toda a cabine. Porque o propósito de um comissário de
bordo é garantir a segurança do voo.

49
Part 2.
Vocabulary
So now you are up in the air. The plane is at cruising
altitude, and you can finally go to a lavatory, stretch
your legs, or just take a nap. But you can only do any
of those things after you hear an announcement like
the following:
Ladies and gentlemen, the captain has turned off the “fasten seat belt” sign,
and you may now move around the cabin. However, we recommend you
keep your seat belt fastened while you’re seated.
Senhoras e senhores, o comandante desligou o aviso de apertar os cintos,
e você pode se levantar agora. No entanto, recomendamos que mantenham
os cintos afivelados enquanto estiverem sentados.
When flying with airlines from the U.S., you will most likely hear
the captain make the following announcement too:
Ladies and gentlemen, this is the captain speaking.

We’re now flying at 35,000 feet.
Senhoras e senhores, aqui é o comandante.
Estamos neste momento voando a 35 mil pés de altitude.
Remember that in the U.S. they usually use foot (feet in the plural)
to talk about heights. A foot is equivalent to approximately 30
centimeters. So, 35,000 feet would be approximately 10,668
meters.
1 foot (ft) = 30 centimeters or 0.30 meters

35,000 feet (ft) = 10,668 meters ( m)

50
The announcement continues. Now we will also be given information on the time
of landing and the temperature. Take a look:
Landing is expected at 10 a.m. local time.

The temperature in our destination is 75° F, with clear skies.
O pouso está estimado para as 10 horas da manhã no horário local.
A temperatura no nosso destino é de 75° Fahrenheit, com céu claro.
The expected landing time is 10 a.m., which means 10 o’clock in

the morning. If the landing time is in the afternoon or evening, then
we will use p.m. It’s important to notice that we normally use a.m.
and p.m. when referring to time in English. Pay attention:
a.m. – from midnight to 11:59 in the morning

de meia-noite às 11:59 da manhã
p.m. – from noon to 11:59 at night

de meio-dia até 11:59 da noite
The captain also mentioned the temperature in the announcement.

In the U.S., they commonly use Fahrenheit (F), not Celsius (C), to
refer to temperatures. 0° Celsius is equivalent to 32° Fahrenheit.
0° Celsius (0°C) = 32° Farenheit (32°F)
Now let’s see what you are most likely to hear if there is turbulence during the flight:
Ladies and gentlemen, we are now crossing a turbulence area. Please

return to your seats and fasten your seat belts. Thank you.
Senhoras e senhores, estamos atravessando uma área de turbulência. Por favor,
retornem aos seus assentos e afivelem seus cintos de segurança. Obrigado.

51
Most airlines offer in-flight entertainment services. The flight

attendants will probably offer you earphones at the beginning of
the flight. In case they don’t, you can ask them for a pair at any
time. You can say:
Excuse me. Can I have a pair of earphones?

Com licença. Você pode me dar um par de fones de ouvido?
These are some of the in-flight entertainment options offered on

international flights:
IN-FLIGHT ENTERTAINMENT OPTIONS
Movies Concerts
Filmes Shows de música
Current TV shows Sports shows

Programas de TV atuais Programas de esporte
TV series Music
Séries de TV Música
Children’s shows Games

Programas infantis Jogos
The in-flight entertainment service is usually available right after

takeoff, and it is only briefly interrupted when there is an in-flight
announcement like the following:
In a few moments, we will be serving dinner, and fifty minutes

before landing, we will serve breakfast.
Dentro de instantes, serviremos o jantar e, cinquenta minutos
antes de aterrissarmos, serviremos o café da manhã.

52
The food and the drinks served during the flight are usually complimentary.
The usual dinner and lunch options are:
DINNER AND LUNCH OPTIONS
Beef Chicken Pasta

Carne bovina Frango Massa
It is important to mention that beef refers to the kind

of meat, whereas steak refers to the cut of the meat.
Salad Beef Steak

Salada Carne bovina Bife
If you are a vegetarian or if you have dietary restrictions, like food allergies, for
example, you can inform that on the special request section of the airline website, or
make your special request during the online check-in up to 24 hours before the flight.
The airlines usually offer the following types of special meals:
SPE CIAL MEALS
Vegetarian Vegan Lactose-free

Vegetariana Vegana Sem lactose
Gluten-free Sugar-free
Sem glúten Sem açúcar

53
If you make a special request during the flight, you will probably
be approached by one of the flight attendants, who will ask you
a question like the following:
Have you ordered a lactose-free meal?

Você pediu uma refeição sem lactose?
Is the lactose-free meal for you?

A refeição sem lactose é para você?
Have you made a request for a lactose-free meal?

Você solicitou uma refeição sem lactose?
If you have made a special request, but, during the flight, they offer
you something from the regular menu, you can reply with:
Sorry, but I had requested a vegan meal.

Desculpe, mas eu havia solicitado uma refeição vegana.
Could you check if there is a vegan meal for me?

Você poderia verificar se tem uma refeição vegana para mim?
I’m vegan. Do you have anything vegan?

Eu sou vegano. Vocês têm algo vegano?
Right after the food is served, you will be offered

something to drink too. Then you will probably hear
one of these questions:
Would you like anything to drink?

Você gostaria de alguma coisa para beber?
Anything to drink?
Algo para beber?
Drinks?
Bebidas?

54
If you want to know the options that are available, you can ask:
What do you have? What are the options?

O que vocês têm? Quais são as opções?
And the options they are most likely to have are:
BE VERAGE OPTIONS
Water Soda Juice

Água Refrigerante Suco
Beer Wine
Cerveja Vinho
You can make your choice by saying:
I’ll have a soda. Water, please.

Vou tomar um refrigerante. Água, por favor.
I’d like a beer, please.

Eu gostaria de uma cerveja, por favor.

55
If you feel thirsty at any time during the flight, you can call a flight
attendant and ask for some water. This is how you can do this:
I’d like some water, please.

Eu gostaria de um pouco d’água, por favor.
Could I get some water?

Você poderia me trazer um pouco d’água?
Can I have some water?

Eu posso tomar um pouco d’água?
Note that we used the verb to have in two situations: “I’ll have a
soda.” and “Can I have some water?”. In English, we commonly use
to have as a synonym for to eat or to drink. You can also use this
structure when ordering something to eat or drink during breakfast,
for example. Look at the examples:
Can I have some orange juice?

Você poderia me servir um pouco de suco de laranja?
I’ll have a black coffee, please.

Eu vou tomar café puro, por favor.
As you order it, the flight attendant will probably ask you questions like the following:
Cream or milk? Would you like sugar or sweetener?

Creme ou leite? Você gostaria de açúcar ou adoçante?
Now you can understand announcements during your flight, the in-flight
entertainment options available, and how to interact with the crew during meals.

56
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Movies ( 7 ) Dinner ( ) Massa ( ) Almoço
( 2 ) Concerts ( 8 ) Beef ( ) Programas esportivos ( ) Carne bovina
( 3 ) Sports shows ( 9 ) Steak ( ) Bife ( ) Café da manhã
( 4 ) Games ( 10 ) Chicken ( ) Suco ( ) Jogos
( 5 ) Breakfast ( 11 ) Pasta ( ) Jantar ( ) Frango
( 6 ) Lunch ( 12 ) Juice ( ) Filmes ( ) Shows
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or expression.
a) Landing is expected at 6 local time.

O pouso está estimado para as 6h da manhã no horário local.
b) The in our destination is 74° F.

A temperatura no nosso destino é de 74° F.
g. have a beer / drink a beer

c) Ladies and gentlemen, we are now crossing a area.
h. vegan meal
f. lactose-free
Senhoras e senhores, estamos atravessando uma área de turbulência.

e. breakfast
d) In a few moments, we’ll be serving .

Dentro de instantes, serviremos o jantar.
a. a.m. / in the morning
e) Fifty minutes before landing, we’ll serve .

b. temperature
c. turbulence
Cinquenta minutos antes de aterrissarmos, serviremos o café da manhã.

d. dinner
f) Is the meal for you?

A refeição sem lactose é para você?
1 / 3 / 9 / 12 / 7 / 1 /
6 / 8 / 5 / 4 / 10 / 2
g) I will , please.
Vou tomar uma cerveja, por favor.
h) Could you check if there is a for me?

Você poderia verificar se tem uma refeição vegana para mim?

57
Part 4.
Grammar
You have seen and practiced the words and expressions used in this chapter. Now it’s time to study the
grammar presented in it. We’ll talk about the modal verbs would and will, the future continuous, and how we
can use them to make requests and offers, place an order, and indicate actions in the future.
Let’s start with the modal verb would. We combine it with the verb like to make formal requests or place
orders. Since we normally request something for ourselves, the most common subject will be I, as in I would
like followed by a complement. In everyday English, the contracted form I’d like is more common.
MODAL VERB – WOULD
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb Would + Bare Infinitive + Complement

Sujeito + Modal Verb Would + Infinitivo do Verbo (sem a partícula “to”) + Complemento
Full form Contracted form

I would like some water. I’d like some water
Eu gostaria de um pouco d’água. Eu gostaria de um pouco d’água.
The interrogative form of this modal verb is used when someone offers you something, so the
most common subject, in this case, will be you. To make the interrogative form, we invert the
modal verb would and the subject. Take a look at the structure and at an example:
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb Would + Subject + Bare Infinitive + Complement

Modal Verb Would + Sujeito + Infinitivo do Verbo (sem a partícula “to”) + Complemento
Would you like sugar or sweetener?

Você gostaria de açúcar ou adoçante?

58
The negative form is used to refuse an offer. Notice that we have two different ways of using this modal in its
negative form: I would not, which is the complete form, and I wouldn’t, which is the contracted form. In spoken
language, the complete form sounds more emphatic. Look at the structure in the negative form and at the examples:
Negative Form
Subject + Modal Verb Would + Not + Bare Infinitive + Complement

Sujeito + Modal Verb Would + Not + Infinitivo do Verbo (sem a partícula “to”) + Complemento

I would not like a window seat. I wouldn’t like a window seat.
Eu não gostaria de um assento na janela. Eu não gostaria de um assento na janela.
Another way to request something, especially in situations involving services provided

to you, is by using will. In this case, we will generally use the expression: I’ll have,
which is also often used to place orders, especially when we go to a restaurant or buy
something at a store. Notice that will is informal compared to would.
PL ACING AN ORDER
Informal
I’ll have…
Me vê… / Me dá... / Eu quero...
The structure of will follows the same pattern as the one used with would. The contracted forms are also more
common in spoken English. Let’s see some examples in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms:
MODAL VERB – WILL
Affirmative Form
Subject + Will + Bare Infinitive + Complement

Sujeito + Will + Infinitivo do Verbo (sem a partícula “to”) + Complemento

I will have a soda. I’ll have a soda.
Me vê um refrigerante. Me vê um refrigerante.

59
MODAL VERB – WILL
Negative Form
Subject + Will + Not + Bare Infinitive + Complement

Sujeito + Will + Not + Infinitivo do Verbo (sem a partícula “to”) + Complemento

I will not have tea. I won’t have tea.
Eu não vou tomar chá. Eu não vou tomar chá.
Interrogative Form
Will + Subject + Bare Infinitive + Complement

Will + Sujeito + Infinitivo do Verbo (sem a partícula “to”) + Complemento
Will you have some coffee?

Você vai tomar café?
In addition to being used to place orders, will can also be used to express actions
in the future that may or may not have a future time reference, such as:
FUTURE TIME REFERENCES
Tomorrow Next week In a few hours

Amanhã Semana que vem Em algumas horas
Take a look at some examples:
The flight attendant will bring me some water.

O comissário de bordo vai me trazer um pouco d’água.
The plane will land in a few hours.

O avião vai pousar em algumas horas.

60
Will is also used with the so-called future continuous. This structure expresses an action in
progress for a certain time in the future. This form is used in English when we want to make it
clear that the action will take place over a certain period of time, so we focus on the continuity
of the action. The verb to be serves as an auxiliary verb in the future continuous, and the main
verb will be in the -ING form. Take a look:
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Subject + Will + Be (bare infinitive) + Verb in the -ING + Complement

Sujeito + Will + Be (sem a partícula “to”) + Verbo com ING + Complemento
In this lesson, we’ve seen the future continuous in some in-flight

announcements.
Take a look at the examples:
In a few moments, we will be serving dinner.

Dentro de instantes, serviremos o jantar.
We will be showing films during the flight.

Vamos exibir filmes durante o voo.
The future continuous should not be used to make requests or place orders. The most
appropriate expressions for those are I’d like or I’ll have.
If you want to learn more about will, would, and the future continuous,
go to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Will Page 225 w

Modal Verb Would Page 202 w
Future Continuous Page 228 w

61
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Choose the idea that relates to the underlined expressions.
Activities
a) Would you like anything to drink? e) T he flight attendant will bring me some
water.
( ) Making an offer
( ) Future action
( ) Placing an order
( ) Informal request
b) I’ll have a beer, please.

f) I’d like some water.
( ) Future action in progress
( ) Future action
( ) Formal request
c) In a few moments, we’ll be serving dinner.

g) I will have a soda, please.
( ) Informal request
( ) Making an offer
( ) Formal request
d) Would you like sugar or sweetener?

h) I would like a window seat.
( ) Making an offer
( ) Formal request
B. Fill in the blanks with would like or will have in the affirmative, negative, or interrogative forms:
a) I some water. c) some coffee?

Eu gostaria de um pouco d’água. Você vai tomar café?
b) I a soda. d) I a window seat.

Me vê um refrigerante. Eu não gostaria de um assento na janela.

62
e)
g)
f) I
Chapter 3

Eu não vou tomar chá.
Notes
Video Script
tea.
Vou tomar uma cerveja, por favor.

Você gostaria de açúcar ou adoçante?
a beer, please.
Vocabulary
sugar or sweetener?
Vocabulary Activities
a. Making an offer e. Future action
b. Placing an order f. Formal request
Grammar
c. Future action in progress g. Informal request

d. Making an offer h. Formal request
a. would like / ‘d like e. Would you like
b. will have / ‘ll have f. will not have / won’t have
c. Will you have g. will have / ‘ll have
d. wouldn’t like / would not like
Grammar Activities
63
4
Immigration.
Part 1.
Video Script Well, you have finally arrived at your destination. In a few minutes, you will be
going through immigration at the airport, where you will be asked to show your
documents and answer some questions.
In this chapter, we will give you some cool tips that will help you smoothly go
through this situation. And, as usual, you will also be introduced to some very
useful language items that will improve your English and help you feel more
confident using the language. Now, take a look at the script of Immigration.
IMMIGRATION
[On the way to the immigration area]

James:
International airports can be huge! If you’ve landed in an American
international airport, chances are you’ll have to walk pretty far to
get from one point to the other. And now we’re heading over to the
immigration area!
It’s not really the most comfortable situation, right? But listen to this: you
can predict most of the questions that the immigration officers might
ask you! Just tell the truth and have all your documents ready.
Once you get to the immigration area, you’ll probably be in line for
about fifteen minutes. This is the perfect time to get all the documents
you need ready. And here’s what you’ll need: your boarding pass,
your passport, of course, and it’s also advisable that you have your
hotel reservation or lodging accommodations available. Other useful
documents would be the email confirmation from the airline, as well as
your ticket printing.
Now it’s time to get ready to answer some questions. The immigration
officer will ask you where you’re coming from, and you’ll tell them your
country of departure. While this might seem like a simple question, it’s
important to remember that some flights stop in several countries. For
example, if you’re leaving from Buenos Aires and you stop in São Paulo,
but your final destination is Miami, your country of departure will be
Argentina, not Brazil.

65
I can guarantee you that the immigration officer is going to ask you,
“What’s the purpose of your visit?” You might say tourism or business.
But, it’s very important to remember that, if your intentions are to
do business in the U.S., you may need a specific visa to do so. Other
frequently asked questions are “How long are you staying?” and
“Where are you staying?” That is why it’s important to have your ticket
confirmation number and hotel reservation printing.
OK, so while those might be the most frequently asked questions, you
still might be asked questions like, “What is the sum of money that
you’re bringing into the country?” or “Are you bringing any tobacco
products or alcoholic beverages?” as well as “How many packs or
bottles are you bringing?” My advice would be just to tell the truth!
Also, be advised! You will have your fingerprints scanned and your
picture taken.
And the most important part of all: do not make any jokes. This is
definitely not the time to joke: be clear and precise in all of your answers.
IMIGRAÇÃO
[A caminho da imigração]
James:
Aeroportos internacionais podem ser enormes! Se você pousou em
um aeroporto internacional americano, é provável que você tenha que
caminhar bastante para ir de um lugar ao outro. E agora nós estamos a
caminho da área de imigração!
Não é lá uma situação muito confortável, certo? Mas fique sabendo:

você pode prever a maioria das perguntas que os agentes de imigração
devem lhe fazer! É só falar a verdade e ter todos os seus documentos à
mão.

66
Assim que chegar na área de imigração, você provavelmente vai ficar

na fila por quinze minutos. Essa é a melhor oportunidade para deixar
todos os documentos preparados. E os documentos que você deve
ter são: seu cartão de embarque, seu passaporte, é claro, e também é
aconselhável ter sua reserva de hotel ou de outro tipo de acomodação
disponíveis. Outros documentos úteis seriam o e-mail de confirmação
da companhia aérea, assim como o bilhete impresso.
Agora é hora de se preparar para responder algumas perguntas! O

agente de imigração irá perguntar seu país de origem, e você vai
responder o país de embarque. Apesar de parecer uma pergunta
simples, é importante lembrar que alguns voos param em vários países.
Por exemplo: se você está saindo de Buenos Aires, faz uma parada
em São Paulo, e seu destino final é Miami, seu país de embarque é a
Argentina, e não o Brasil.
Eu posso garantir que o agente de imigração vai perguntar o motivo

da sua viagem. Você pode dizer que é turismo ou negócios. Mas é
importante lembrar que se você planeja viajar a trabalho para os EUA,
talvez precise de um visto específico.
Outras perguntas frequentemente feitas são: “Qual será a duração da

sua estadia?” e “Onde você ficará hospedado?”. Por isso, é importante
ter o número de reserva da sua passagem e a reserva do hotel impressa.
OK, apesar de essas perguntas serem as mais frequentes, você

ainda pode ouvir perguntas como: “Qual é a quantia de dinheiro que
você está trazendo para o país?” ou “Você está trazendo tabaco ou
bebidas alcoólicas?” bem como “Quantos maços ou garrafas você está
trazendo?”. Meu conselho é falar a verdade!
Esteja ciente de que você terá suas digitais escaneadas e sua foto tirada.
E o mais importante de tudo: não faça qualquer tipo de piada. Essa

definitivamente não é a hora para brincar. Seja claro e preciso em todas
as suas respostas.

67
Part 2.
Vocabulary Some countries, like the U.S., demand that you have a visa to enter. You should
apply for an entry visa even before you buy your tickets. When you get to your
destination and go through immigration, they will check and stamp your passport
with another visa that allows you to stay in the country for some time. These are
the two types of visas we are talking about here:
Entry visa Visa stamp

Visto de entrada Carimbo de permanência
Visa requirements will depend on the diplomatic agreements between countries.

As we’re talking about Orlando, let’s see the types of visa they have in the U.S.:
T YPES OF VISA IN THE US
Work visas Tourist visas

Vistos de trabalho Vistos de turista
Student visas Fiancé / Fiancée visa

Vistos de estudante Visto de noivos

68
Among these visas, there are several specific categories for athletes, people
traveling on business, temporary workers, military officers, and so on. This
means that the purpose of your trip must be clear. If you have a tourist visa but
you are traveling on business, it might be a problem. Make sure you apply for the
right visa. In general, visas are valid for 5 or 10 years, depending on the country.
Take a look at a few things you need to do before traveling, or even before buying
your ticket:
Check if you need an entry visa to your destination.

Verifique se você precisa de um visto de entrada para o seu destino.
Check all the necessary documents for the immigration interview and
keep them at hand in your carry-on luggage.
Verifique todos os documentos necessários para a entrevista na imigração,
e mantenha-os ao seu alcance na bagagem de mão.
Some of the documents you should have at hand during the immigration interview are:
DOCUMENTS TO BE SHOWN AT IMMIGRATION
Passport Boarding pass Travel insurance

Passaporte Cartão de embarque Seguro de viagem
Return ticket Money Hotel reservation / Proof of accommodation

Passagem de volta Dinheiro Reserva do hotel / Comprovante de acomodação

69
All of these documents confirm you are traveling legally, and that you have everything set for
your stay. The officer might also want to check how much money you’re bringing in to make
sure you won’t stay past the date you are scheduled to return or cause any problems.
In the U.S., the Department of Homeland Security is represented at the airports by the
following agency:
CBP – Customs and Border Protection

Órgão que controla a imigração e a alfândega nos aeroportos americanos
CBP is responsible for the immigration service. You will most definitely talk to one of its officers.
This is a very important moment. Some good advice to prepare for the immigration control interview is:
Be calm. Don’t make jokes.

Fique calmo(a). Não faça piadas.
Don’t be rude. Only answer what they ask.

Não seja mal-educado(a). Responda apenas o que lhe perguntarem.
When you are called to the counter, act natural and hand in your passport.
Don’t forget to greet the officer:
GREE TINGS
Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening.

Bom-dia. Boa-tarde. Boa-noite.
Notice that we did not include good night on the list. That is because we use it when we are
leaving a place, or when we are going to sleep, not when we arrive somewhere.
Another important thing is to remember that this kind of situation requires some level of
formality. So, when you approach the officer, that’s the way you should greet him or her:
GREE TINGS
Good evening, sir. Good evening, ma’am.

Boa-noite, senhor. Boa-noite, senhora.

70
Now look at some questions they may ask you during

the immigration interview:
They will want to know the origin of your flight. At

Where are you coming from? this moment, you need to inform the last country you
De onde você está vindo? have been to in case you had a connecting flight.
And you can say, for example:
I’m coming from Brazil.

Estou vindo do Brasil.
Another usual question is: And these are some possible answers to this question:
What is the purpose of your trip?

Qual é o motivo da sua viagem?
Tourism Business
Turismo Trabalho
They may also ask you: You will answer this question stating the period you’ll
be in the country. Take a look at some examples:
How long are you staying in the U.S.?

Por quanto tempo você vai ficar For a week. For ten days.
nos Estados Unidos? Por uma semana. Por dez dias.
For fifteen days. For a month.

Por quinze dias. Por um mês.
Here is another possible question:
Which cities do you intend to visit?

Quais cidades você pretende visitar?

71
If you plan to travel around the country, you will only face
immigration when you get to the airport after an international flight.
Domestic flights don’t usually involve immigration, but you must
keep your passport with you.
It is also important to tell the officer the cities you will be visiting,
and remember to have all the hotel reservations and tickets at
hand, because you may be asked the following question:
Where are you staying?

Onde você vai se hospedar?
This is the question after which you will probably have

to show proof of your hotel reservation.
You might hear some other specific questions, such as:
Are you bringing tobacco?

Você está trazendo cigarros?
If so, how many packs?

Caso sim, quantos maços?
They might also ask you questions about alcoholic beverages. Remember that
there is a limit on the number of bottles you can bring. Take a look:
Are you bringing alcoholic beverages?

Você está trazendo bebidas alcoólicas?
If so, how many bottles? Which one(s)?

Caso sim, quantas garrafas? De qual(is) bebida(s)?

72
In case you do not understand what they ask you, here are some
examples of things you can say to ask the officer to repeat or
rephrase the question:
Sorry? Can you say that again, please?

Desculpe? Pode falar isso de novo, por favor?
I’m sorry. I didn’t understand your question.

Desculpe. Eu não entendi a sua pergunta.
If you get too nervous because of the language, remember

that most airports offer a translating service for the
immigration interview. This is how you can ask for that:
Can I have a translator?

Posso pedir um tradutor?
At the end of the interview, they will probably ask to scan your
fingerprints, so you must be ready for an instruction like the following:
Place your fingers on the scanner, please.

Coloque seus dedos no escâner, por favor.
They will take your picture too. The officer will say:
Look at this camera, please.

Olhe para esta câmera, por favor.
Now you know all the necessary items you need to enter the U.S.
and how to go through the immigration interview.

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Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Entry visa ( 7 ) Travel insurance ( ) Bom-dia ( ) Boa-noite
( 2 ) Visa stamp ( 8 ) Immigration officer ( ) Passaporte ( ) Visto de turista
( 3 ) Tourist visa ( 9 ) Return ticket ( ) Visto de noivos ( ) Carimbo de

permanência
( 4 ) Student visa ( 10 ) Good morning ( )S
eguro de viagem
( ) Boa-tarde
( 5 ) Fiancé(e) visa ( 11 ) Good afternoon ( ) Visto de entrada
( ) Visto de estudante
( 6 ) Passport ( 12 ) Good evening ( ) Agente da imigração
( )P
assagem de volta
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word or expression.
a) What is the of your trip?

Qual é o motivo da sua viagem?
b) are you staying in the U.S.?

Por quanto tempo você vai ficar nos EUA? g. translator
e. alcoholic beverages / alcoholic drinks

c) Are you bringing ?
f. bottles
h. cities
Você está trazendo cigarros?
d) How many ?
Quantos maços?
e) Are you bringing ?

b. How long
a. purpose
c. tobacco

d. packs
f) How many ?
Quantas garrafas?
12 / 3 / 2 / 11 / 4 / 9
10 / 6 / 5 / 7 / 1 / 8 /
g) Can I have a ?
Posso pedir um tradutor?
h) Which do you intend to visit?

Quais cidades você pretende visitar?

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Part 4.
Grammar We have just learned some important words, sentences, and instructions on
how to go through immigration. In this chapter, we will focus on some important
grammatical structures used not only at immigration, but also in everyday situations.
The first one is the imperative form. This structure is used to give orders, make
suggestions, requests, invitations, and give instructions.
Let’s take a look at some examples of sentences in the imperative:
Be calm. Place your fingers on the scanner.

Fique calmo. Coloque seus dedos no escâner.
Check if you need an entry visa.

Verifique se você precisa de um visto de entrada.
In English, the subject of the imperative is always you, that’s why in most
imperative sentences we omit the subject. The imperative has affirmative and
negative forms. The verb will be used in its base form (without the particle “to”).
In the negative form, we use don’t before the verb. There is no interrogative form
for the imperative. Look at the examples:
IMPERATIVE FORM
Affirmative: Verb + Complement

Afirmativo: Verbo + Complemento
Keep your documents at hand.

Mantenha seus documentos à mão.
Negative: Don’t + Verb + Complement

Negativo: Don’t + Verbo + Complemento
Don’t make jokes.

Não faça piadas.

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There is another verb form in which most conjugations also use the verb in its base
form: the simple present. But its structure is different from that of the imperative
since the subject is not omitted in the simple present. Compare:
AFFIRMATIVE FORMS
Imperative:
Keep your documents at hand.
Simple Present:
I keep my passport in my carry-on luggage.
Eu deixo meu passaporte na minha bagagem de mão.
In the simple present, the subject is part of the structure. In the

affirmative, we have the following structure:
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form
Subject + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
I keep my passport in my carry-on luggage.

Eu deixo meu passaporte na minha bagagem de mão.
Now let’s compare the negative forms of the imperative and the simple present:
NE GATIVE FORMS
Imperative:
Don’t keep your documents at hand.
Não mantenha seus documentos à mão.
Simple Present:
I don’t keep my passport in my carry-on luggage.
Eu não deixo meu passaporte na minha bagagem de mão.

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Notice that once again, the subject is not omitted in the simple present.
So, the basic structure of the negative form of the simple present is:
SIMPLE PRESENT
Negative Form
Subject + Do + Not (Don’t) + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Do + Not (Don’t) + Verbo Principal + Complemento
I don’t keep my passport in my carry-on luggage.

In terms of use, there are important differences too. While the imperative is used
to give orders and instructions, make suggestions, recommendations, invitations,
and even to place orders in many contexts, the simple present is used to talk
about facts, habits, and routines.
IMPERATIVE FORM SIMPLE PRESENT
Orders
Instructions Facts
Suggestions Habits
Recommendations Routine
Invitations
And there is another widely used verb form that also refers to actions in the
present. It is the present continuous. The difference here is that the present
continuous is used to talk about actions in progress in the present, so there
is a focus on the continuity of the action.
Let’s look at an example:
I’m coming from Brazil.


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Notice that the sentence is about a situation that is still happening.

The person hasn’t been allowed into the U.S. yet, that is, the
process of entering is in progress.
So, while the simple present is used to talk about routine and
habits, we use the present continuous when we want to talk about
actions that are in progress in the present. The following examples
will show this difference:
Present Continuous actions in progress in the present

Present Continuous ações em curso no presente
You are watching a class right now.

Você está assistindo a uma aula neste momento.
Simple Present routine and habits

Simple Present rotina e hábitos
You watch classes every day.

Você assiste às aulas todos os dias.
You have probably realized by now that these two verb forms have different
structures. In the present continuous, we use the verb to be in the present as
an auxiliary verb, and the main verb in the –ING form.
In the negative form, all we have to do is place not right after the verb to be.
We can choose to use it in the full form or in the contracted form. And to make
the interrogative, we simply invert the position of the subject and the verb to be.
If there is a question word, the verb to be will be used right after it and
before the subject. Take a look at the examples:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative form
Subject + To Be + Main Verb -ING + Complement
Sujeito + To Be + Verbo Principal com ING + Complemento
I’m (I am) coming from São Paulo, Brazil.

Eu estou vindo de São Paulo, Brasil.

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Negative form
Subject + To Be in the present + Not + Main Verb -ING + Complement
Sujeito + To Be no presente + Not + Verbo Principal com ING + Complemento
I’m (I am) not coming from Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Eu não estou vindo de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Interrogative form
To Be in the present + Subject + Main Verb -ING + Complement
To Be no presente + Sujeito + Verbo Principal com ING + Complemento
Are you bringing alcoholic beverages?

Question Word
Where are you coming from?
De onde você está vindo?
Let’s see some other examples using the present continuous.

These are questions usually asked during the immigration interview, take a look:
How long are you staying in the U.S.? Are you bringing tobacco?
Por quanto tempo você vai ficar nos Estados Unidos? Você está trazendo cigarros?
Notice that the contexts here are a little different. In the first one, they want to know about your stay, that
is, how many days, weeks, or months you are planning to stay in the country. In the other one, they want to
know if you have something with you now, so it refers to an action in progress at the moment.
If you want to learn more about the imperative, the simple present of other verbs, the present
continuous, and the -ING form, go to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Imperative Page 185 w

Simple Present – Other Verbs Page 265 w
Present Continuous Page 231 w
-ING Form Page 234 w

79
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Number the columns according to the use of each structure.
Activities
( 1 ) Imperative ( ) Routine ( ) Actions in progress
( 2 ) Simple Present ( ) Suggestions ( ) Habits
( 3 ) Present Continuous ( ) Orders ( ) Invitations
B. F ill in the blanks with the imperative, the simple present, or the present continuous,
in the affirmative, negative, or interrogative forms.
a) Where from?
De onde você está vindo?
b) your fingers on the scanner, please.

Coloque seus dedos no escâner, por favor.
c) your documents at hand.

d) jokes.
Não faça piadas.
g. don’t keep / don’t leave / do not keep / do not leave
e) alcoholic beverages?
2/1/1/3/2/1
f) You classes every day.

Você assiste às aulas todos os dias.
d. Don’t make / Do not make
h. am coming / ’m coming
g) I my passport in my carry-on luggage.

e. Are you bringing
a. are you coming

b. Place / Put
f. watch
c. Keep
h) I from Brazil.

80
5 Baggage
Claim.
Part 1.
Video Script You have finally got the visa stamp on your passport and now you can move on
to the next step of your trip. It is time for you to get your luggage back. In this
chapter, we will give you some very helpful tips on what to do in case you have
a delay, your baggage is lost, or you need information on how to get to the area
where you can pick up your luggage. Besides this, you will be introduced to a
couple of structures that will help you improve your language skills.
Look at the script of Baggage claim.
BAGGAGE CL AIM
[On the way to the baggage claim area]

James:
Now you have the stamp on your passport, which allows you to stay in
the U.S. for six consecutive months, and you’re leaving the immigration
hall at the airport. Now what?
Well, it’s time to pick up your luggage. That’s always the next step,
whether you’re at your final destination, or you’re connecting to another
city in the U.S.! But that piece of information will determine where and
how you do that.
If you arrive in Orlando, but it’s not your final destination, and you will
be boarding another domestic flight to another city in the U.S., you will
need to grab your bags. There’s a transit counter for passengers who
are boarding domestic flights to other cities, where you’ll first grab your
bags, check them in again for your final destination, and then go to the
security checkpoint.
Let’s say you’re on a nonstop flight to Orlando, and it’s your final
destination. It’s important to remember that airports in America can be
massive. They sometimes have up to nine terminals! In order to get from
one facility to the next, you may need to take a shuttle.
At the Orlando International Airport, passengers should take the shuttle

train on level three to get to the main terminal, where the baggage claim
area is.

82
[At the shuttle door]

Shuttle announcement:
The APM [automated people mover] is now arriving.
James:
Alright, guys! Looks like it’s here! Let’s hop on!
[On the shuttle]

Shuttle announcement:
Please, stand clear of the doors and the entrance when the APM stops.
Please, exit through the C Port. Please, watch your step.
[In front of the baggage claim entrance]

James:
So, we’re about to get to the baggage claim area. The process in the
U.S. is no different than anywhere else in the world. Just approach the
baggage carousel, pick up your items, and you’re good to go! Baggage
carts aren’t normally free; if you have too many bags, you’ll need to rent
one. But most systems take cash or cards, so you should be all set to go!
BAGAGEM
[A caminho da área de restituição de bagagens]

James:
Você finalmente tem seu passaporte carimbado, o que te permite ficar
por até seis meses consecutivos nos EUA, e você está saindo do setor
de imigração do aeroporto. E agora?
Bem, é hora de pegar sua bagagem! Esse é sempre o próximo passo,

tanto se este for o seu destino final quanto se você estiver em conexão
para outra cidade nos EUA! Mas essa informação vai determinar onde e
como você fará isso.
Se você chegou em Orlando, mas lá não é seu destino final, e você

vai embarcar em um voo doméstico para outra cidade nos EUA, você
precisa pegar suas malas. Existe um guichê para passageiros em
trânsito que irão embarcar em voos domésticos para outras cidades.
Primeiro você vai pegar suas malas; depois, vai despachá-las para seu
destino final e, então, passar pelo controle de segurança.

83
Digamos que você está em um voo direto para Orlando, e este é seu
destino final. É importante lembrar que os aeroportos nos Estados
Unidos podem ser enormes. Alguns têm até nove terminais!
Para que possa ir de uma parte à outra, você talvez tenha que pegar um
traslado.
No Aeroporto Internacional de Orlando, passageiros devem pegar o

trem no nível 3 para chegarem ao terminal principal, onde fica a área de
retirada de bagagem.
[Na porta do trem]

Aviso do sistema de transporte:
O APM está chegando.
James:
Beleza, pessoal! Parece que o transporte chegou! Vamos lá!
[Dentro do trem]
Aviso do sistema de transporte:
Por favor, mantenham distância das portas e das saídas quando o APM
parar.
Por favor, saiam pela porta C. Por favor, cuidado onde pisam.
[Em frente à entrada da área de restituição de bagagens]

James:
Estamos chegando na área de retirada de bagagem. Nos EUA,
esse processo é o mesmo que em qualquer outro lugar no mundo!
Aproxime-se da esteira, pegue suas coisas, e pronto! Os carrinhos para
o transporte da bagagem normalmente são pagos; se você tiver muitas
malas, vai precisar pagar por um deles. Mas a maior parte dos sistemas
aceita dinheiro ou cartão; então, você vai estar pronto para ir!

84
Part 2.
Vocabulary In the United States, you will have to pick up your baggage in the first
city you disembark, even if it is not your final destination. Let’s have a
look at the possible types of flight you may take:
T YPES OF FLIGHT
A nonstop flight
Um voo direto
A layover flight
Um voo com escala
A connecting flight
Um voo com conexão
If you are on a layover flight, you won’t disembark, so you don’t need to worry about picking up
your luggage. However, if you are on a connecting flight to the U.S., you will have to disembark,
pick up your luggage, and recheck it at the transit counter.
There will be some airline staff member giving instructions to passengers, but if you feel you need
to ask for information, you can use the following sentences:
Excuse me. I have a connecting flight. Can you tell me where I should go?
Com licença. Eu tenho um voo de conexão. Você poderia me dizer para onde devo ir?
Excuse me. Where is the transit counter for connecting flights?

Com licença. Onde fica o balcão de trânsito para voos de conexão?
Excuse me. Where do I claim and recheck my bags before my connecting flight?
Com licença. Onde posso pegar e despachar de novo minhas malas antes do meu voo de conexão?

85
When you get to the transit counter after you pick up your bags,
find the check-in counter of your airline. In some American airports,
they are right by the carousel.
After that, you will go through the security checkpoint again, but
you will remain inside the boarding area. You and your belongings
will be scanned.
After that, check the boarding time on the departure board. If you have questions, you can
always ask the airline staff on the ground. Take a look at some examples of questions you can ask:
Excuse me. Where is the boarding

gate for this flight?
Com licença. Onde fica o portão
de embarque para este voo?
Can you help me find the boarding

gate for my connecting flight?
Você pode me ajudar a achar o portão de
embarque para o meu voo de conexão?
So, summing up, this is the process you will go through when coming into the U.S. in an international flight to
take a connecting flight:
CBP (Customs and Border Protection) office Baggage claim

Alfândega e proteção de fronteiras Retirada/Restituição de bagagens
Recheck bags Security checkpoint

Despachar novamente a bagagem Controle de segurança

86
If it takes too long for you to go through the process of changing airplanes, you may miss your flight. In that
case, talk to the airline ground staff and tell them that you have missed your flight. You can say:
I’ve missed my connecting flight. When is the next flight to Orlando?

Eu perdi o meu voo de conexão. Quando é o próximo voo para Orlando?
If you leave your country on a nonstop flight or take a connecting flight

somewhere else, your first stop in the U.S. is your final destination.
All you have to do is follow the baggage claim signs until you get there.
If you get lost or are not sure how to find the baggage claim, you had better ask for information.
You can ask one of the following questions:
Excuse me. Where Excuse me. How do I get to

is the baggage claim? the baggage claim area?
Com licença. Onde fica a área de Com licença. Como eu chego até a área de
retirada de bagagem? retirada de bagagem?
Excuse me. Could you tell me where the baggage claim is?
Com licença. Você poderia me dizer onde é a área de retirada de bagagem?

87
In the U.S., airports are usually very large, and the

baggage claim area may be far away. Therefore,
when you get to the baggage carousel, your baggage
will probably be there already.
By the way, let’s take a look at the types of bags you can check-in:
T YPES OF BAGS
Duffel bag
Suitcase Backpack
Bolsa de viagem/lona
Mala Mochila
/ Bolsa marinheiro
These are the individual bags, but when you want to talk about the
whole set of them, you may refer to it as luggage or baggage.
No matter which bag you prefer, there are high chances that
someone else has a bag just like yours. So you had better
double-check when you pick up a bag or try to find means to avoid
any confusion. You can try some of the following tips:
Name-tag your luggage.

Coloque uma etiqueta com o seu nome em sua bagagem.

88
The first thing to do is hang a name tag on your bags. Write your
name, phone number, and email address so people can contact you
if they get your luggage by accident. It is also nice to have a name
tag on your carry-on. Here is another tip:
Use a suitcase strap to make your luggage stand out.

Use uma cinta para malas para que sua bagagem se destaque.
Check out this other tip:
Decorate your luggage with ribbons and stickers.

Decore sua bagagem com fitas e adesivos.
You may use all of these ideas; but be awere that

the airline will tag all of your baggage and hand
you a receipt anyway. You must keep this receipt
and present it to the airline staff if you have any
problems.
Despite all that, there is always a chance your baggage will get lost or delayed. This may happen when the
time between connections is too short. When it happens, it is possible that you board the plane, but your
baggage doesn’t. This means that you will have to deal with one of the following problems:
Lost luggage Delayed luggage

Bagagem extraviada Bagagem atrasada

89
It’s a very annoying situation, but it may happen. That’s why it is

always a good idea to have a change of clothes in your carry-on.
Anyway, there will always be some airline ground staff to help.
Here are some sentences you can use:
Excuse me, I can’t find my luggage.

Com licença, eu não consigo achar minhas malas.
Excuse me, my suitcase isn’t here.

Com licença, minha mala não está aqui.
Once you have informed them that your baggage is lost, you can ask
for help to find it:
Can you check if my luggage was on my flight?

Você pode checar se as minhas malas estavam no meu voo?
Can you help me find my luggage?

Você pode me ajudar a encontrar minha bagagem?
So now you know what to say in case you have a problem with your
baggage, how to ask for help if you happen to miss your connecting
flight, and the different types of flights and bags there are.

90
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Nonstop flight ( 7 ) Final destination ( )Á rea de retirada/ ( ) Destino final

restituição de bagagem
( 2 ) Layover flight ( 8 ) Duffel bag ( ) Balcão de check-in
( ) Voo direto
( 3 ) Connecting flight ( 9 ) Boarding area ( ) Balcão de trânsito
( ) Portão de embarque
( 4 ) Baggage claim ( 10 ) Baggage carousel ( ) Voo com conexão
( )V oo com escala
( 5 ) Boarding gate ( 11 ) Check-in counter ( ) Área de embarque
( ) Esteira de bagagem
( 6 ) Transit counter ( 12 ) Security ( )B
olsa de viagem/lona
checkpoint ( ) Controle de segurança
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words or expressions.
a) Excuse me. Where is the for this flight?

Com licença. Onde fica o portão de embarque para este voo?
f. ribbons – stickers
b) Can you help me find the boarding gate for my ?
d. suitcase / luggage / bag / backpack /
c. baggage claim / baggage claim area
Você pode me ajudar a achar o portão de embarque para o meu voo de
e. strap
conexão?
c) Excuse me. How do I get to the ?

Com licença. Como eu chego até a área de retirada de bagagem?

duffel bag / baggage
b. connecting flight
a. boarding gate
d) My isn’t here.
Minha mala não está aqui.
e) Use a suitcase to make your luggage stand out.

Use uma cinta para malas para que sua bagagem se destaque.
4 / 1 / 5 / 2 / 10 / 12 /
7 / 11 / 6 / 3 / 9 / 8
f) Decorate your luggage with and

.
Decore sua bagagem com fitas e adesivos.

91
Part 4.
Grammar
You have already seen how to claim your bags at the airport and learned a few
sentences in case you need some help. Now we can go over how to ask questions
in English using the interrogative form and the question words how, what,
where, and when.
The general structure of a sentence in English in the affirmative form is subject
followed by verb and complement. That is the case of the verb to be. Have a look:
SIMPLE PRESENT – VERB TO BE
Affirmative Form
Subject + Verb To Be + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + Complemento
The baggage claim area is upstairs.

A área de retirada de bagagens é no andar de cima.
In the previous example, the verb to be is conjugated in the simple present: is.
In English, for the interrogative form, we usually place a verb before the subject
of the sentence. In the case of the verb to be, we take the affirmative form and
invert the order of the verb and the subject. Take a look:
Interrogative Form
Verb To Be + Subject + Complement

Verbo To Be + Sujeito + Complemento
Is the baggage claim area upstairs?

A área de retirada de bagagem é no andar de cima?

92
Notice that, whereas in the affirmative form the subject is followed by the verb to be
and the complement of the sentence, in the interrogative form, we only place the verb
to be before the subject. And the complement of the sentence does not change.
When we use the other verbs in the simple present, their conjugation will be the
same for the pronouns I, you, we, and they. For example:
SIMPLE PRESENT – OTHER VERBS
Affirmative Form (I/you/we/they)

International airports have a transit counter.
Aeroportos internacionais têm um balcão para pessoas em trânsito.
As you can see, the verb remains in its base form. Nonetheless, when it comes to the
third person singular, the verb must be conjugated differently. Have a look:
Affirmative Form (he/she/it)

The Orlando International Airport has many terminals.
O Aeroporto Internacional de Orlando tem muitos terminais.
Generally, the suff ixes -S, -ES, or -IES will be added to the verb in the third
person singular, in the aff irmative form. In the previous example, however, the
verb to have suffers a different kind of change: it becomes has.
To make the interrogative form for other verbs in the simple present, we will need the
auxiliary verb do, which, in general, won’t be used in the aff irmative form. So, the general
structure of the other verbs in the simple present, in the interrogative form, is:
Interrogative Form
Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement

Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento

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The auxiliary verb of the simple present is do for the first and second persons in
the singular and plural forms. In the third person singular (he/she/it), however, this
auxiliary verb will be conjugated, and it becomes does. Compare:
Interrogative Form
Do international airports have a transit counter?
Aeroportos internacionais têm um balcão para pessoas em trânsito?
Does the Orlando International Airport have many terminals?

O Aeroporto Internacional de Orlando tem muitos terminais?
As you can see, in both examples in the interrogative form, the main verb will be
kept in its base form, that is, without any kind of conjugation whatsoever.
The present continuous also has an auxiliary verb in its formation. As you know,
we use this verb form to talk about actions in progress in the present. Let’s review
the base structure of the present continuous in the affirmative form:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative Form
Subject + Verb To Be + Verb-ING + Complement

Sujeito + Verbo To Be + Verbo com ING + Complemento
I am (I’m) coming from Brazil.

Eu estou vindo do Brasil.
You are (You’re) bringing alcoholic beverages.

Você está trazendo bebidas alcoólicas.

94
As you can see, in the present continuous, the auxiliary verb is the verb to be. There is no
auxiliary verb do in this case. But bear in mind that the auxiliary verb in the present continuous
is also used in the affirmative form, which is another difference from the simple present.
Moreover, we can use either the contracted forms of the verb to be or the full forms, even
though the latter sounds more natural.
To make the interrogative form, all we have to do is invert the auxiliary verb to be with the
subject. Have a look:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Interrogative Form
Verb To Be + Subject + Verb-ING + Complement

Verbo To Be + Sujeito + Verbo com ING + Complemento
Am I coming from Brazil? Are you bringing alcoholic beverages?

Eu estou vindo do Brasil? Você está trazendo bebidas alcoólicas?
As you can see, nothing else changes in this verb form but the positions of the auxiliary verb
and the subjects. That is, the main verb must still keep the suffix -ING in both forms.
When dealing with modal verbs, such as can, the general structure in the affirmative form is:
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement

Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal no Infinitivo (sem “to”) + Complemento
You can get your luggage upstairs.

Você pode pegar suas malas no andar de cima.

95
In the previous example, you is the subject, can is the modal verb, and get is the main
verb, which remains unaltered, in its base form.
As for the interrogative form, we follow the same logic and invert the modal verb with
the subject. Take a look:
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement

Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal no Infinitivo (sem “to”) + Complemento
Can you get your luggage upstairs?

Você pode pegar suas malas no andar de cima?
When you put the sentence in the interrogative form like that, you can expect to hear one of
these two different answers: Yes or No. But when you want to know more specific information,
such as where, when, what, and how, you need to use a question word.
In general, all you have to do is use the sentence in the interrogative form and add a question
word at the beginning of the sentence.
Let’s start with an example using the verb to be:
QUESTION WORDS
Question Word + Interrogative Form
When is the next flight to Orlando?

Quando é o próximo voo para Orlando?
The same applies to other verbs in the simple present. We will start the sentence
with the question word and add the interrogative form. Look:
QUESTION WORDS
How do I get to the baggage claim area?

Como eu chego até a área de área de retirada de bagagem?

96
Now, take a look an example in the present continuous:
QUESTION WORDS
What are you bringing in your bag?

O que você está trazendo na sua mala?
As you can see, this follows the same logic, for the question word what is
followed by the interrogative form of the present continuous.
With modal verbs it will be as simple as with the other ones. Just use the
question word before the interrogative form of the sentence. Look at this
example:
QUESTION WORDS
Where can I get my bags?

Onde posso pegar minhas malas?
In this case, we have the question word where followed by the interrogative form
of the modal verb can.
Now you know how the interrogative form works in the simple present of the verb to be and
of other verbs, in the present continuous, and with modal verbs. You also know how to ask
questions using different question words, such as when, what, how, and where. If you want to
learn more about it, just go to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Interrogative Form Page 210 w

Question Word How Page 255 w
Question Word What Page 237 w
Question Word Where Page 247 w
Question Word When Page 244 w

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Part 5.
Grammar Activities
A. Write SPB, SPV, PC or MV according to the verb form used in the following interrogative
sentences.
( SPB ) Simple Present (verb to be)
( SPV ) Simple Present (other verbs)
( PC ) Present Continuous
( MV ) Modal Verb
a) ( )E
xcuse me. Where is the boarding gate for this flight?
b) ( ) Can you help me find my luggage?

Você pode me ajudar a achar minha bagagem?
c) ( ) Is the baggage claim area upstairs?

A retirada de bagagem é no andar de cima?
d) ( ) Does the Orlando International Airport have many terminals?

O Aeroporto Internacional de Orlando tem muitos terminais?
e) ( ) Do international airports have a transit counter?

Aeroportos internacionais têm um balcão para pessoas em trânsito?
f) ( )W
hen is the next flight to Orlando?
g) ( ) Am I coming from Brazil?

Eu estou vindo do Brasil?
h) ( )E
xcuse me. Can you tell me where the baggage claim area is?
Com licença. Você pode me dizer onde é a área de retirada de bagagem?
i) ( ) Are you bringing alcoholic beverages?


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B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate question word.
a) Excuse me. is the boarding gate for this flight?

i. PC
h. MV
b) is the next flight to Orlando?
f. What
g. PC
c) are you bringing in your bag?
e. How
f. SPB
d. Where
e. SPV
d) can I get my bags?
Onde posso pegar minhas malas?
d. SPV
c. What
e) do I get to the baggage claim area?
c. SPB
Como eu chego até a área de área de retirada de bagagem?
b. When
b. MV
f) are you bringing in your bag?
a. Where
a. SPB
Notes

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6 Leaving the
Airport.
Part 1.
Video Script The arrival process has been concluded; it is time to leave the airport. You can do it
by picking up one of the different public means of transportation usually available
at airports around the world, or you can rent a car or take a taxi if you want to have
more freedom and feel more comfortable. No matter the choice you make, it is
important to do your homework and research the options in advance. You should
get all the information you need before you make your decision. In this chapter, we
will show you how to do that. You will learn what to say and see some language
items that will help you improve your English skills.
Now, look at the script of Leaving the Airport.
LEAVING THE AIRPORT
[At the baggage claim area]

James:
OK! So I have my carry on, I have my personal item, and I have my
checked luggage! That means it’s time to leave the airport!
You’ll probably follow one of the signs that say “Car Rental” or “Ground
Transportation.” There are several different agencies and options
inside the airport! Instead of needing to take a shuttle to a car rental
agency, here you can just walk to it! But, let’s say you’ve made an online
reservation with another provider outside of the airport.
[At the airport exit]

In that case, there’ll be a shuttle to take you there. Some companies
offer an exclusive shuttle, while other companies share shuttles. That
means that they’ll make multiple stops at separate companies to drop
off passengers. Just make sure that you get on the right one!
There will be other forms of ground transportation, which will be

available to you. Hotel shuttles are always an interesting option because
they’re completely free! Check with your hotel to see if they offer
complimentary shuttle services to and from the airport! Most hotels do!
Not just in Orlando, but all over the U.S.! In some cases, they offer an
exclusive line you can call! This is very useful for flights that are arriving
late at night.

101
If your hotel doesn’t offer a complimentary shuttle, there’s another pretty

inexpensive option: public transportation! Most U.S. cities offer rapid
transit from the airport via subway.
Unlike public transportation, which drops you off at specific locations

around the city, shuttle vans will drop you off right at your hotel, only
costing about US$20 per person. It can really pay off!
If you’re in a large group, it could get expensive, so a taxi or a ridesharing

service might be the best option. Ridesharing services are always a
great option because they offer similar services like taxis. Each airport
will have a specific location where a driver will pick you up.
However, since you may not have wi-fi to contact a driver, you can
always take a taxi! The only downside is that taxis might be the most
expensive option depending on where you’re staying. And remember, it’s
always customary in the U.S. to tip the driver at least 15% of the fare.
SAINDO DO AEROPORTO
[Na área de retirada de bagagens]

James:
OK, já estou com minha bagagem de mão, meus itens pessoais, e minha
bagagem que havia sido despachada, o que quer dizer que é hora de
deixar o aeroporto!
Você provavelmente seguirá as placas que dizem “Car Rental” ou

“Ground Transportation”. Existem várias locadoras e opções diferentes
dentro do aeroporto! Em vez de ter que pegar um transporte até a
locadora, aqui você pode simplesmente andar até ela! Mas digamos
que você fez uma reserva on-line em outra empresa localizada fora do
aeroporto.
[Na saída do aeroporto]

Neste caso, haverá um transporte que te levará até lá. Algumas
empresas oferecem um serviço de traslado exclusivo, enquanto outras
o compartilham. Isso significa que eles vão fazer várias paradas em
diferentes empresas para deixar passageiros. Apenas se certifique de
que você embarcou no transporte correto!

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Haverá outras formas de transporte disponíveis para você. Traslados

dos próprios hotéis são sempre uma opção interessante porque eles
são de graça! Verifique com o hotel se eles oferecem serviço de traslado
como cortesia, até o hotel ou para o aeroporto. A maioria dos hotéis
possuem esse serviço, não só em Orlando, como em todos os EUA! Em
alguns casos, eles oferecem linhas diretas para você ligar! Isso é muito
útil para voos que chegam tarde da noite.
Se o seu hotel não oferece essa cortesia, outra opção de baixo custo
é o transporte público! Na maioria das cidades, há linhas rápidas do
aeroporto até a cidade via metrô ou trem.
Ao contrário do transporte público, que te deixa em pontos específicos

da cidade, as vans de traslado te deixam na porta do seu hotel! Elas
custam cerca de US$20 por pessoa, o que pode sair muito em conta!
Caso você esteja em um grupo grande de pessoas, as vans podem sair

caro. Usar um táxi ou aplicativo de transporte privado pode ser uma
opção melhor. O aplicativo de transporte privado é sempre uma boa
opção porque oferece um serviço similar ao táxi. Cada aeroporto terá um
local específico onde um motorista poderá te pegar.
Mas, se você não tiver wi-fi para contatar um motorista, você sempre
pode pegar um táxi comum! O ruim é que o táxi pode ser o transporte
mais caro, dependendo de onde você estiver hospedado. E lembre-se: é
costume nos EUA dar uma gorjeta de no mínimo 15% da corrida para o
motorista.

103
Part 2.
Vocabulary If you are visiting family or friends, they might pick you up at the airport. If that is not
the case, you will need to find the best way to leave the airport. Here are some of the
most important things you should consider while planning how to go from the airport
to the place you are going to stay:
How far are you going? What is the distance?

Até onde você vai? Qual é a distância?
How long is the journey to your destination?

Quanto tempo leva a viagem até o seu destino?
How much money do you have?

Quanto dinheiro você tem?
How much money are you willing to spend?

Quanto dinheiro você está disposto a gastar?
You always have the option of renting a car. It is obviously more expensive than taking the bus, for example,
and you will need to plan some extra costs on your budget, considering the following:
RENTING A CAR: EXTRA COSTS
Car insurance Parking Gas Tolls

Seguro do carro Estacionamento Gasolina Pedágios

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The upside of renting a car is that you will be fully independent. There are two
ways you can rent a car:
You can make an online reservation for pick-up at the airport.

Você pode fazer uma reserva on-line e pegar o carro no aeroporto.
You can rent directly at the dealership counter at the airport.

Você pode alugar direto no balcão da locadora no aeroporto.
There are usually signs that show you the way to the car rental dealerships.
You can also get there by taking the shuttle bus or the train. In case you get
confused, these are some of the questions you may want to ask:
Excuse me, how can I get to the car rental dealership?

Com licença, como posso chegar à locadora de carros?
Where is the car rental dealership?

Onde fica a locadora de carros?
Can you help me get to the car rental dealership?

Pode me ajudar a chegar à locadora de carros?
Once you get there, you will choose your car, present the necessary
documents, and pick up your vehicle. But if you don’t want to drive,
there are plenty of public transportation options to choose from.
You can also come across the expression ground transportation
on the signs around the airport.

105
Every airport will have at least a few of the following options for you to choose from. Take a look:
AIRPORT TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS
Local buses Shuttle buses Shuttle vans

Ônibus locais Ônibus de traslado Vans de traslado
Ridesharing services
Subway Taxi/cab
Serviços de compartilhamento
Metrô Táxi
de transporte por aplicativo
But you should first check with your hotel if they offer
any shuttle service. If so, it is free and you’re good to
go! In this case, just follow this sign at the airport:
If they don’t, there usually are shuttle buses or shuttle vans that drop passengers off at the main
hotels in the city. All you have to do is find the shuttle service counter and ask one of these questions:
Excuse me, does this shuttle take me to the Homeland hotel?

Com licença, este traslado me leva para o hotel Homeland?
Excuse me, is there an airport shuttle that takes me to the Homeland hotel?
Com licença, tem algum traslado do aeroporto que me leve para o hotel Homeland?

106
After that, you can ask how much it costs:
How much is it? How much does it cost?

Quanto é? Quanto custa?
Shuttle buses are a good option, but they are not as cheap as
local buses. Local buses are probably the cheapest option. The
only problem is that they probably won’t drop you off right at your
hotel door. The bus stop can be a few blocks away from your hotel,
which could be a problem if you are carrying a lot of luggage. If it
is not the case and you want to save some money, that’s the right
choice. Just stop by the information desk at the airport to ask
about your options and the routes.
Which bus takes me to the Homeland hotel?

Qual ônibus me leva para o hotel Homeland?
Which bus should I take to go to the Homeland hotel?

Qual ônibus devo pegar para ir para o hotel Homeland?
Then you can ask about the fare:
How much is the bus fare?

Quanto é a passagem de ônibus?
In some cities, you cannot hand cash to the bus driver. There will be a ticket machine by the bus stop, or
you will have to get a travel card. In other cities, the drivers may take your money, but they don’t carry any
change. So, if the bus fare is US$2.50, you should pay them exactly US$2.50. You can also get to know all
about it by asking one of the following questions at the information desk:
Where can I get bus tickets? Do I need to have change?

Onde posso comprar passagens de ônibus? Eu preciso ter dinheiro trocado?

107
The local buses will take you to train stations. In some countries, there are train
and subway stations by the airport.
If you like comfort and exclusive transport for a price

that is not so expensive, you can go for ridesharing
services. Most airports have pick-up zones nearby,
but if you don’t have a local SIM card, you might have
trouble connecting to the internet, as the wireless
connection might be restricted to the airport lobby.
But if you are tired after a long trip and don’t want to wait for a car, taking a taxi is the best choice. Taxis are
available at the arrival hall of every airport, and they are probably the most expensive choice. Here are some
sentences you can use when approaching a taxi driver:
Excuse me, are you available? Hi! Can you take me to the Homeland hotel?
Com licença, você está disponível? Olá! Poderia me levar ao hotel Homeland?
Hello! What’s the average price from here to the Homeland hotel?
Olá! Qual é a média de preço para ir daqui até o hotel Homeland?
They will take you where you want for a fairly high fare. At the end of the ride,
the driver will tell you the price. Bear in mind that the U.S. has a tipping culture,
which means that you must tip drivers, bellboys, and waiting staff at restaurants, Keep the change.
for example. So, if the driver tells you that the ride cost you 50 dollars, you are Fique com o troco.
supposed to pay 50 dollars plus 15%. In this case, you’ll pay something like 58
dollars. Then you can hand over 60 dollars in bills and say:
Now you know the transportation options you can find at airports around the world and the
questions you can ask whenever you need to get some information about them.

108
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Car rental ( 6 ) Bus ( ) Pedágio ( ) Estacionamento
( 2 ) Parking lot ( 7 ) Train ( ) Ônibus ( ) Trem
( 3 ) Toll ( 8 ) Taxi/cab ( ) Troco / dinheiro ( ) Transporte terrestre

trocado
( 4 ) Ground ( 9 ) Change ( ) Táxi
transportation ( )A
luguel de carro
( 5 ) Subway ( ) Metrô
a) Excuse me. How can I get to the ?

Com licença. Como posso chegar à locadora de carros?
b) Does this take me to the Homeland hotel?
d. change
Esse traslado me leva para o hotel Homeland?
e. fare
c. bus
c) Which takes me to the Homeland hotel?

agency / car rental company / car rental
Qual ônibus me leva para o hotel Homeland?

b. shuttle / shuttle bus / shuttle van
a. car rental dealership / car rental
d) Keep the .
Fique com o troco.
e) How much is the bus ?

3/6/9/1/5/
2/7/4/8

109
Part 4.
Grammar In the last chapter, you saw how to use the interrogative form of the simple present
and the present continuous. You also saw that we use where to ask about location,
when to ask about time, what to ask for information, and how to ask about manner.
In this chapter, we will expand the use of what and how. You will see other meanings,
uses, and combinations of these question words, and you will also learn how to use
which, a pronoun that may be similar to what, depending on the context.
Let’s start with what. Take a look:
QUESTION WORD: WHAT
What are you bringing in your bag?

We use what to ask general questions that refer to unlimited choices. Hence, these
questions allow for several different options of answers. In the previous example, the
person does not know what is in the bag, so there may be lots of different answers,
such as clothes, shoes, books, etc.
Now, have a look at another example:
QUESTION WORD: WHAT
What is your final destination?

Qual é o seu destino final?
Here, the destination is unknown; therefore, many options would be possible.

110
Let’s take a look at the question word which. We use it to ask about choices among
a limited number of options. That is, the options will be restricted.
Compare:
WHAT VS. WHICH
What means of transportation do you prefer?

Qual meio de transporte você prefere?
(Many options to answer: car, subway, bus, taxi, etc.)

(Muitas opções de resposta: carro, metrô, ônibus, táxi etc.)
Which transportation do you prefer: the car or the bus?

Qual transporte você prefere: o carro ou o ônibus?
(Restricted number of options: the car or the bus)

(Número limitado de opções de resposta: o carro ou o ônibus)
As you can see in the previous examples, when there are many possible answers, we
use what. And when there is a restricted number of choices, we tend to use which.
Sometimes, the restricted options may not be specified in the question.
For example:
Which + Noun + Interrogative Form

Qual + Substantivo + Forma Interrogativa
Which bus can I take to my hotel?

Qual ônibus eu posso pegar para o meu hotel?
Even though there were no options clearly pointed out, it is easy to guess that it is
not just any bus that would take the person the hotel, but a specific line. So, based
on the context, it is possible to understand that the options are, in fact, restricted.
In that sense, what and which have different usages. We use which to ask about
specific information when we have a limited number of choices in mind; and we
use what to ask general questions whose answer options will be unlimited.

111
Now, let’s analyze the structure of these sentences. Have a look at the examples again:
What + Noun + Interrogative Form

O Que / Qual + Substantivo + Forma Interrogativa
What means of transportation do you prefer?

Qual meio de transporte você prefere?
Which + Noun + Interrogative Form

Qual + Substantivo + Forma Interrogativa
Which transportation do you prefer: the car or the bus?

Notice that, in both questions, what and which are followed by the noun that
refers to the specific matter we are asking about. In the first questions, means of
transportation. And, in the second one, transportation. In both cases we continued
the question by using the verb prefer in the interrogative form of the simple present.
We can also use what to refer to the object of the sentence. That is, what is the
question word used to ask about things, animals, feelings, or situations when they
are the object of the verb. Have a look at the following example:
What + Auxiliary Verb Do + Subject + Main Verb

O Que + Verbo Auxiliar Do + Sujeito + Verbo Principal
What do you usually bring in your bag?

O que você normalmente traz na sua mala?
Here, what does not refer to choices among general options. It refers to the things
that someone carries in their bag, that is, the object of the verb. The subject of this
question is you, and the verb prefer is in the simple present. Therefore, the auxiliary
verb do must be used to ask the question. As you can see, there is no noun after
what, so it is simply followed by the interrogative form of the verb.

112
What can also be used when we want to learn about the subject of the sentence,
be it an animal, an object, a feeling, or a situation. In this case, the subject will not be
used in the question, because it is the part of the sentence that answers the question.
Observe the following example:
What + Verb In The Third Person Singular + Complement

O Que + Verbo na Terceira Pessoa do Singular + Complemento
What brings you to the U.S.?

O que te traz aos Estados Unidos?
Here there is no information concerning the reason for the person to be in the U.S.
because that is exactly the focus of the question. Since the subject of the verb is
unknown, there is no auxiliary verb, and the question must be asked in the third
person singular. In the case of the simple present, we will add -S to the verb.
Summing up, we would have these two structures, depending on the information
we are looking for:
WHAT OBJE CT OF THE SENTENCE
What + Interrogative Form (Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb)

O Que + Forma Interrogativa (Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal)
What do you usually bring in your bag?

WHAT SUBJE CT OF THE SENTENCE
What + Verb in the Third Person Singular

O Que + Verbo na Terceira Pessoa do Singular
What brings you to the U.S.?


113
Which can also be used to refer to the object of the sentence. Have a look:
WHICH OBJE CT OF THE SENTENCE

Qual Objeto da Frase
Which + Noun + Interrogative Form (Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb)

Qual + Substantivo + Forma Interrogativa (Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal)
Which bus can I take to my hotel?

Qual ônibus eu posso pegar para o meu hotel?
When it refers to the object of the verb, there will be a subject as part of the
question, and, depending on the verb form, the auxiliary verb will be necessary to
ask the question.
On the other hand, when it refers to the subject of the verb, the structure will
change. Take a look:
WHICH SUBJE CT OF THE SENTENCE

Qual Sujeito da Frase
Which + Noun + Verb in the Third Person Singular

Qual + Substantivo + Verbo na Terceira Pessoa do Singular
Which bus takes me to my hotel?

Qual ônibus me leva para o meu hotel?
In this case, there will be no auxiliary verb, and the main verb must be conjugated
in the third person singular. But notice there is one difference compared to what:
Which must be followed by the noun it refers to, whether it is a question about the
subject or the object of the verb. That happens because the question word which
always involves selecting something among restricted options.
A possible answer to both previous questions could be:
The blue bus takes me to my hotel.

O ônibus azul me leva para o meu hotel.

114
Now, let’s see the question word how. We know it is used to ask about manner. For example:
HOW
How + Interrogative Form (Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb)

Como + Forma Interrogativa (Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Verbo Principal)
How do I get to the car rental dealership?

Como eu chego à locadora de carros?
And you are already familiar with the structure Question word +
Interrogative form. Notice that we are using the simple present.
How can also be combined with many other words to form question
words with different meanings.
Let’s start with the expression How many. Check out this example:
How Many + Noun + Interrogative Form

Quantas(os) + Substantivo + Forma Interrogativa
How many bags do you have?

Quantas malas você tem?
How many is used to talk about the quantity of things we can

count. Notice that right after How many we must place the noun
that refers to what we are counting. In the previous example, we
are counting the number of bags; that’s why we must say, How
many bags and then add the interrogative form.
Another possible combination is How much, which is used to ask
about uncountable things, such as money or the cost of something.
Check it out:
How Much + Noun + Interrogative Form

Quanto + Substantivo + Forma Interrogativa
How much money are you willing to spend?

Quanto dinheiro você está disposto a gastar?

115
Since we are referring to the quantity of money,

How Much + Interrogative Form
we say, How much money and then add the
Quanto + Forma Interrogativa
interrogative form. However, when we ask about
price, we commonly omit the word money in the
How much is the bus fare?
question, and simply say:
Notice that in this example we did not use the noun in the structure because the word
money is implied. It’s as if we said, “How much money is the bus fare?” This sentence
would be grammatically correct, but it’s not commonly used in spoken English.
Another question word derived from how is How long. For example:
How Long + Interrogative Form

Quanto tempo + Forma Interrogativa
How long does the flight take?

Quanto tempo dura o voo?
How long is used to ask about the duration of something, such as a trip, a film, or a class,
or the length of something, such as a road. And we generally use How long followed by the
interrogative form of the verb.
The last combination with how we will mention in this chapter is How far. Take a look:
How Far + Interrogative Form

Quão distante / Qual é a distância + Forma Interrogativa
How far is downtown?

Quão distante é o centro da cidade? / Qual é a distância até o centro da cidade?
We use it to ask about distance, and it is followed by the interrogative form of the verb.
Now you know how the question words what,

which, and how work. If you want to learn
more about them, just go to the Grammar GRAMMAR GUIDE
Guide section at the end of your book.
Question Word What Page 237 w
Question Word Which Page 252 w
Question Word How Page 255 w

116
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Choose the correct option to complete the blanks.
Activities
a) is downtown? d) bags do you have?

Qual é a distância até o centro da cidade? Quantas malas você tem?
( ) How far ( ) How many

( ) How much ( ) How
b) does the flight take? e) money are you willing

Quanto tempo dura o voo? to spend?
Quanto dinheiro você está disposto a
gastar?
( ) How long
( ) How far
( ) How long
( ) How much
c) is the bus fare?

( ) How many
( ) How much
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate question word.
a) Excuse me. can I get to the car rental dealership?

Com licença. Como posso chegar à locadora de carros?
b) bus takes me to my hotel?

Qual ônibus me leva para o meu hotel?
c) do I get to the car rental dealership?

Como eu chego à locadora de carros?

117
d) do you usually bring in your bag?
f. Which
d. What
e. What
e) brings you to the U.S.?
b. Which
a. How
c. How
f) transportation do you prefer: the car or the bus?
d. How many
e. How much
c. How much
b. How long
a. How far
Notes

118
7
Check-in.
Part 1.
Video Script Well, your trip has come to an end. It is time to go to the airport and take your flight
back home. In this chapter, you will see the procedures for checking in. We will
show you what to do and anticipate some of the things you may have to deal with
along the way. You will learn different ways to check in and what to say in case you
have problems or need help during the process. And, as usual, you will also see
some language topics that will help you improve your English.
Take a look at the script of Check-in.
CHE CK-IN
[In the car]

James:
This is the end of our trip, it’s time to fly back home now.
So we’re headed to the airport!
Now, one last piece of advice: I would highly recommend getting to the
airport at least three hours before your flight. Yes, depending on the
season, the lines can be long and pretty frustrating. In order to avoid
that, make sure you follow that tip and get there at least three hours
before your flight.
[At the airport entrance]

Alright, guys, I’m back here at the airport and, as you can see, I have an
extra bag. And while the check-in counter might be right inside, I’m just
going to go ahead and rent a luggage cart. Now, remember, in the U.S.,
this is not free. But I have a little extra cash, so everything should be
fine! All set!
[At the lobby, by the airport scale]

So, do you remember in episode 1 when I talked about baggage
allowance? Well, just in case, you’re allowed two bags weighing 23
kilos, or 50 pounds each. That’s the usual limit for international flights.
If you would like to avoid being charged extra for extra weight, make
sure you look for an airport scale. It’s the best way to double-check the
weight of your bag, or to balance out the weight of your bags before you
check-in saving you time and money. In fact, I’ll go ahead and do that
now. Simple as that!

120
[At the self-check-in kiosk]

Alright, guys. So do you remember the process that you went through
back home before you came? Well, this is very similar. The only difference
is that you’re going to be using English to finish the rest of the process.
We’ll start here at the self-check-in kiosk! Make sure that you have your
passport and your flight confirmation number ready, because that’s all
you’ll need here. I’ll go ahead and do that now.
These are the steps you’ll go through. First, you’ll be requested to

scan your passport. Then, you’ll confirm your ticket number, or flight
information number, and choose your seat. After that, you’ll be asked the
number of bags you’re checking. Type it in. Confirm it. And now, all you
have to do is wait to collect your boarding pass and baggage tag.
[At the baggage drop-off counter]

Airline Clerk:
Next!
James:
Hi, how are you today?
Airline Clerk:
Good! Good evening, sir! Can I see your passport and boarding pass,
please?
James:
Of course, right here!
Airline Clerk:
Thank you! OK, everything looks good! How many bags are we
checking today?
James:
I’m just going to do two, OK?
Airline Clerk:
OK! Go ahead and put the first one on the scale. And the second one.
OK!
James:
Can I just get a fragile sticker on those, please?
Airline Clerk:
You sure can!

121
James:
Awesome!
Airline Clerk:
OK, and how about your backpack and the small red one?
James:
I just have these for my carry-on.
Airline Clerk:
OK! Go ahead and fill these out, put those on as well.
James:
Awesome, thank you!
Airline Clerk:
And how was your visit to Orlando?
James:
It was awesome; “the City Beautiful,” right?
Airline Clerk:
Very good, yes, sir! These are for your checked bags.
James:
Awesome, thank you so much!
Airline Clerk:
Thank you for the check-in, and have a nice flight!
James:
Awesome, thank you so much!
Alright, we’re all set! Now it’s time to head to passport control and the
security checkpoint!

122
CHE CK-IN
[Dentro do carro]
James:
Este é o final da nossa viagem, é hora de voar de volta para casa.
Então, estamos a caminho do aeroporto!
Agora, um último conselho: eu recomendo muito que você chegue ao

aeroporto no mínimo três horas antes do seu voo. Sim, dependendo
da temporada, as filas podem ser longas e bem frustrantes. Para
evitar isso, siga esta dica e chegue lá no mínimo com três horas de
antecedência.
[Na entrada do aeroporto]

OK, pessoal, estou de volta ao aeroporto, e como podem ver, tenho uma
mala extra. Ainda que o guichê de check-in seja logo na entrada, eu vou
alugar um carrinho de bagagem. Agora, lembrem-se de que nos EUA
isso é pago. Mas eu tenho um pouco de dinheiro sobrando; então, está
tudo certo. Pronto!
[No saguão, perto da balança do aeroporto]

Então, vocês lembram no episódio 1, quando eu falei da franquia de
bagagem? Bem, em todo caso, você pode levar até duas malas pesando
23 quilos ou 50 libras cada. Esse geralmente é o limite para voos
internacionais. Se você quiser evitar a cobrança de multas por excesso
de peso, é só procurar uma balança no aeroporto. Esse é o melhor jeito
de conferir o peso da sua mala, ou de dividir o peso entre elas, antes de
você fazer o check-in, o que economiza tempo e dinheiro.
Na verdade, vou fazer isso agora! Simples assim!
[No totem de autoatendimento]

Beleza, pessoal! Vocês se lembram do processo pelo qual vocês
passaram antes de virem para cá? Bem, isso é bem parecido. A única
diferença é que agora você vai terminar o resto do procedimento em
inglês. Vamos começar aqui no totem de autoatendimento! Não se
esqueça de ter seu passaporte e o número de reserva do seu voo à mão,
porque é tudo de que você vai precisar aqui. Vou fazer isso agora.
Esses são os passos que você deve seguir. Primeiro, você precisará
escanear seu passaporte. Então, você deve confirmar o número do seu
bilhete, ou das informações de reserva, e escolher seu assento. Depois
disso, você deve informar quantas malas estão sendo despachadas.
Digite as informações. Confirme-as. E, agora, tudo o que você tem que
fazer é pegar seu cartão de embarque e as etiquetas de bagagem.

123
[No balcão de despacho de bagagens]

Atendente da companhia aérea:
Próximo!
James:
Oi, tudo bem?

Tudo! Boa-noite! Posso ver seu passaporte e cartão de embarque, por
favor?
James:
Claro, aqui estão!

Obrigado! Pronto, tudo parece estar OK! Quantas malas vamos
despachar hoje?
James:
Somente duas, OK?

OK! Coloque a primeira na balança. E a segunda. OK!
James:
Você poderia colocar um adesivo de frágil nelas, por favor?

Claro!
James:
Maravilha!

OK, e sua mochila e a mala vermelha pequena?
James:
Essas são minhas bagagens de mão.

OK! Preencha essas etiquetas e cole-as também.
James:
Ótimo, muito obrigado!

124

E como foi sua visita a Orlando?
James:
Foi ótima; é “a linda cidade”, não é mesmo?

Muito bem, sim, senhor! Estes são os comprovantes das suas malas
despachadas.
James:
Ótimo, muito obrigado!

Obrigado pelo check-in e tenha um ótimo voo!
James:
Maravilha, obrigado! OK, tudo certo!
Agora é hora de irmos para o setor de controle de passaporte e

inspeção de segurança!

125
Part 2.
Vocabulary You are at the airport again. You are probably carrying your baggage. Now, if you don’t like to carry
heavy bags around, the first thing you will want to do as you get to the airport is rent a baggage
cart or trolley. They can be found at one of these places:
PL ACES WHERE YOU CAN FIND A BAGGAGE CART
Check-in area
Área de check-in
Parking lots
Estacionamentos
Arrivals
Área de desembarque
There is one small catch when talking

about American airports: you will have
to pay to release the cart. Look:
And you can pay with:
BAGGAGE CART PAYMENT OPTIONS
Coins Bills Cards

Moedas Notas Cartões

126
Speaking of coins, Americans have specific names for each one of them. They will rarely – if ever –
refer to them in any other way. So, it is nice to learn these names. Take a look:
NAMES OF AMERICAN COINS
1 cent = penny 5 cents = nickel 10 cents = dime 25 cents = quarter

1 centavo 5 centavos 10 centavos 25 centavos
After you release the cart, you can check in. There are three ways you can do it:
CH E CK-IN PROCESS
At the self-service check-in kiosks At the check-in counter

Online
Nos totens de autoatendimento No balcão de atendimento
NE CESSARY ITEMS TO DO THE CHE CK-IN
Some airlines won’t allow online

check-ins for international flights.
You will have to use one of the other
options, and you will need these Passport Flight confirmation code
documents to do it: Passaporte Código localizador do voo

127
If you choose to use the self-service check-in kiosk, you will be asked to scan your
passport and type in the flight confirmation code. Before finishing your check-in,
you will be offered a few extras. Each company will offer something different, but,
in general, these are the options:
EXTRAS OFFERED DURING CHE CK-IN
Seat choice Extra space Class upgrades

Escolha de assento Espaço extra Upgrade de classe
After that, you will be asked about your luggage:
Do you have any luggage to check in?

Você tem alguma bagagem para despachar?
Please, place one piece of luggage you want to check in on the scale.
Por favor, coloque uma mala que deseja despachar na balança.
Please, collect your baggage tag and follow the procedures.

Por favor, retire sua etiqueta de bagagem e siga as instruções.
Please, collect your boarding pass.

Por favor, retire seu cartão de embarque.
If you don’t understand something at the self-service check-in, remember that

there will always be some airline staff member to assist you. You can ask them for
help by saying one of the following:
Excuse me. Could you help me with my check-in?

Com licença. Você poderia me ajudar com o meu check-in?
Excuse me. Please, I need some help with my check-in.

Com licença. Por favor, eu preciso de ajuda com o meu check-in.

128
You can always go directly to the

check-in desk (or counter):
The procedure is very similar, but you will have to interact with the clerk. You will say your name,
where you are going, and then they will ask for your flight confirmation code and passport.
Take a look at the questions you will be probably asked:
What is your last name? And your first name? What is your final destination?
Qual é o seu sobrenome? E o nome? Qual é o seu destino final?
Can I have your flight confirmation code and passport?

Posso ver seu código localizador do voo e passaporte?
Then, it is time to choose the seat. You can ask one of the following
questions to choose yours:
Can I have a window seat?

Posso ficar em um assento na janela?
Can I have an aisle seat?

Posso ficar em um assento no corredor?
Before you get your boarding pass, the clerk will ask if you want to check
in any luggage, and if you say yes, they may say something like this:
Place your bag on the scale, please.

Coloque sua mala na balança, por favor.

129
If your luggage exceeds the airline baggage-weight policy, you will have to pay the excess-baggage fees.
If that happens, you will probably hear:
Your baggage exceeded the weight limit. Would you like to take something out?
Sua bagagem excedeu o limite de peso. Você gostaria de retirar alguma coisa?
How would you like to pay the excess-baggage fees?

Como você gostaria de pagar pela taxa de excesso de bagagem?
You can also request a fragile sticker for your baggage if you are carrying something that breaks
easily. There is also the possibility of getting a priority tag. So you can say:
Can you put a fragile sticker on my bag, please? Can I have a priority bag tag?
Você pode colocar uma etiqueta de frágil Posso ter uma etiqueta de
na minha mala, por favor? prioridade na minha bagagem?
After you have checked in your luggage, the clerk will ask about your carry-on:
Do you have any carry-on luggage?

Você tem alguma bagagem de mão?
Please, use this name tag on your carry-on

Por favor, use essa etiqueta de identificação na sua bagagem de mão.
The process will be concluded after that. The clerk will hand you your boarding pass and
inform you of your boarding gate and time. It will be something like this:
Here’s your boarding pass and baggage receipt. Your flight departs at 4 p.m.
on gate 23D. Boarding starts at 3 p.m. Enjoy your flight!
Aqui estão o seu cartão de embarque e comprovante de bagagem. Seu voo partirá
às 16h no portão 23D. O embarque terá início às 15h. Boa viagem!
Now you know how to do the check-in before you go back home.

130
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Arrivals ( 7 ) Nickel ( ) Vinte e cinco ( ) Notas

centavos
( 2 ) Departures ( 8 ) Dime ( ) Cinco centavos
( ) Moedas
( 3 ) Coins ( 9 ) Quarter ( ) Etiqueta de bagagem
( ) Terminal de
( 4 ) Bills ( 10 ) Check-in kiosk ( ) Dez centavos
autoatendimento
( 5 ) Cards ( 11 ) Baggage tag ( ) Cartões
( )U
m centavo
( 6 ) Penny ( 12 ) F light ( ) Área de embarque
( ) Código localizador
confirmation code
do voo ( )Á
rea de
desembarque
a) Please, place one piece of luggage you want to
e. excess-baggage fee
on the scale.
f. boarding pass
Por favor, coloque uma mala que deseja despachar na balança. d. window
b) Please, collect your and follow the procedures.

Por favor, retire sua etiqueta de bagagem e siga as instruções.
c. flight confirmation code /
flight confirmation number
c) Can I have your and passport?


b. baggage tag
a. check in
d) Can I have a seat?

Posso ficar em um assento na janela?
e) How would you like to pay the ?

9 / 3 / 10 / 6 / 12 / 4 /
7 / 11 / 8 / 5 / 1 /2
Como você gostaria de pagar a taxa de excesso de bagagem?
f) Please, collect your .

Por favor, retire seu cartão de embarque.

131
Part 4.
Grammar
We have talked about modal verbs before. They function as auxiliaries, adding meaning to the main verb. In
this chapter, we are going to see modal verbs that express possibility, permission, request, and offer. Let’s
take a look at can, could, and would.
Modal verbs will follow the same sentence structure. Let’s see some examples in the affirmative, negative
and interrogative forms with the modal verb can:
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative Form Negative Form

Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb + Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb +
Complement Complement
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal + Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal +
Complemento Complemento
I can check in at the airport I cannot (can’t) check in at the airport.

Eu posso fazer o check-in no aeroporto. Eu não posso fazer o check-in no aeroporto.
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Verb + Complement
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento
Can I check in at the airport?

Eu posso fazer o check-in no aeroporto?
As previously mentioned, modal verbs “modulate” the action, that is, they add meaning to the main verb. Let’s
take a look at an example and compare the difference in ideas between a sentence in the simple present and
one with a modal verb:
Simple Present: facts, habits, routine Modal verb can: possibility/permission

(fatos, hábitos, rotina) I can travel every month.
I travel every month. Eu posso viajar todo mês.
Eu viajo todo mês.

132
As you can see, the simple present is used to express something we do as a part
of a routine or to refer to facts, whereas the modal verb can refers to something
that we believe to be possible or that we have permission to do, depending on the
context.
Each modal verb will convey a specific idea, depending on the context. Let’s start
by having a look at the uses of the modal verb can. Take a look at the following
example:
MODAL VERB CAN

Possibility
I can check in at the airport.

It is possible to check in at the airport.
Eu posso fazer o check-in no aeroporto.
In this case, we are using can to talk about possibility. To help you understand this
idea, we could replace the modal verb can with the expression It is possible to.
Now, have a look at another example:
MODAL VERB CAN

Request/Possibility
Can you put a fragile sticker on my bag, please?

Você pode colocar uma etiqueta de frágil na minha mala, por favor?
Based on the context of the check-in process and on the use of the word
please, this sentence expresses a request. The passenger is asking the clerk
to do something for them. Depending on the situation, it could also sound like a
possibility. It would be like saying, Is it possible for you to put a fragile sticker
on my bag, please?
Can is also used to talk about permission. Take a look:
MODAL VERB CAN

Permission
Can I have your flight confirmation code and passport?


133
In this sense, can is used when you want to say that someone is allowed to
do something or ask if something is allowed. Note that when we ask for
permission, the subject is usually in the first person singular or plural, because
we often ask for permission for ourselves. The combination can I have...? is very
common in interactions with attendants, such as when we are buying something
at a store or during the check-in process. It is as if the clerk were asking for
permission to check a document or to help us in some way.
Pay attention to the following example:
MODAL VERB CAN

Permission
Only international travelers can buy at the duty-free shop.

Somente passageiros internacionais podem comprar na loja duty-free.
This sentence conveys an idea of permission too. But in this case, it is not a
request for permission since it is in the affirmative form. It is simply an informative
sentence referring to the kind of passengers that are allowed to buy at the
duty-free shop.
Another very common modal verb is could. It expresses a remote possibility,
and it sounds a bit more formal than can. Compare:
MODAL VERB COULD

Remote Possibility
You could check in at the airport.

Você poderia fazer o check-in no aeroporto.
You can check in at the airport.

Você pode fazer o check-in no aeroporto.

134
Note that there is no difference in the sentence structure since both can and
could are modal verbs. Even though they both convey the idea of possibility,
the sentence with could expresses a rather remote possibility compared to the
sentence with can.
Could is also used for requests. And, once again, it sounds more formal and
polite than can. Compare:
MODAL VERB COULD

Formal Request
Excuse me. Could you help me with my check-in?

Com licença. Você poderia me ajudar com o meu check-in?
Excuse me. Can you help me with my check-in?

Com licença. Você pode me ajudar com o meu check-in?
As you can see, regarding the structure, both can and could work the same way.
In the interrogative form, we only invert their positions with the subject, since
they are modal verbs. And both sentences are correct and used in everyday
English. The only difference is that asking for help using could sounds a little
more polite than using can.
Depending on the context, could also conveys the idea of permission. Look:
MODAL VERB COULD

Permission (formal)
Could I have your flight confirmation code?

Poderia ver seu código localizador do voo?
Can I have your flight confirmation code?

Posso ver seu código localizador do voo?
In this case as well, could sounds more formal and polite than can. As you
can see, we are using the interrogative form, which means we are asking for
permission.

135
Now there is a difference when we talk about permission in the affirmative form.
Let’s see the examples, so we can compare them:
PERMISSION: AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Present
Only international travelers can buy at the duty-free shop.
Past
Only international travelers could buy at the duty-free shop.
Somente passageiros internacionais podiam comprar na loja duty-free.
The first sentence expresses permission in the present. It means that something is
permitted, it is a fact now. On the other hand, the sentence with could means that
this permission has ended. It is no longer a fact. Travelers were allowed to do that
in the past, but they aren’t anymore. So, in this context, could is the past of can.
The same happens in the negative form. Take a look:
PERMISSION: NE GATIVE FORM
Present
You can’t smoke on the plane.
Você não pode fumar no avião.
Past
You couldn’t smoke on the plane.
Você não podia fumar no avião.
So, if you are not allowed to do something, you are forbidden to do it. In both
cases, we have a prohibition. To convey a prohibition in the present, we say, “you
can’t do it.” When we use couldn’t, it means that you were not allowed to do that
in the past. So, in this case, could works as the past of can.
We saw that can and could are modal verbs that can have similar meanings, that
the modal verb could will usually sound more polite and formal than can, and that
it can also be interpreted as the past of can.
Now let’s see some examples with another modal verb: would.

136
Would refers to hypothesis. However, it is also frequently used in interactions to offer something. Take a look:
MODAL VERB WOULD

Offer
Would you like to take something out of your bag?

Você gostaria de retirar alguma coisa da sua mala?
How would you like to pay the excess-baggage fee?

In this context of offering something to someone, notice that the combination would + like
is the one you are most likely to see.
To summarize the most important topics covered in this chapter, this is what we can conclude:
CAN possibility, requests, permission WOULD (LIKE) offers

CAN possibilidade, pedidos, permissão Would (like) ofertas
COULD remote possibility, formal/polite requests, formal

polite permission in the past ( past of can)
COULD possibilidade remota, pedidos formais/educados,
permissão formal/educada no passado ( passado de can)
Now you know when and how to use the modal verbs can,
could, and would. If you want to learn more about them, just
go to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Modal Verb Can Page 188 w

Modal Verb Could Page 191 w
Modal Verb Would Page 202 w

137
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Choose the option that best defines the use of the modal verbs in the sentences.
Activities
a) Excuse me. Could you help me with my d) Could I have your flight confirmation code?
check-in? Poderia ver seu código localizador do voo?
Com licença. Você poderia me ajudar com o
meu check-in?
( a ) offer
( b ) formal permission
( a ) polite request
( b ) formal permission
e) You can check in at the airport.
Você pode fazer o check-in no aeroporto.
b) Can I have your flight confirmation code and
passport?
( a ) possibility
Posso ver seu código localizador do voo e
( b ) offer
passaporte?
f) You could check in at the airport.

( a ) offer
Você poderia fazer o check-in no aeroporto.
( b ) permission
( a ) request
c) Would you like to take something out of
your bag? ( b ) remote possibility
Você gostaria de retirar alguma coisa da sua mala?
( a ) offer
( b ) request
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verb.
a) I have your flight confirmation code and passport?

Posso/Poderia ver seu código localizador do voo e passaporte?
b) Excuse me. you help me with my check-in?

Com licença. Você pode/poderia me ajudar com o meu check-in?

138
d. can’t / cannot / are not allowed to / aren’t allowed to

c) to take something out of the bag?
Você gostaria de retirar alguma coisa da mala?
d) You smoke on the plane.

Você não pode fumar no avião.
e) Only international travelers buy at the duty-free
e. can / are allowed to

shop.
a/b/a/b/a/b
f. would you like

f) How to pay the excess-baggage fee?

c. Would you like

b. Can / Could
a. Can / Could
Notes

139
8 Security
Check.
Part 1.
Video Script It is time to go through the security checkpoint. It may be a little annoying, but
it is for your own safety. There are plenty of things you can do to avoid wasting
time and having problems during the whole process. In this chapter, we will give
you some nice tips on what to do to go through it in a very smooth way. Besides
that, you will also see a couple of language items that will contribute a lot to your
learning.
Take a look at the script of Security Check.
SE CURIT Y CHE CK
[At the airport lobby]

James:
While it might be your first time leaving from an American airport,
I’m sure you’ve all heard of the security checkpoint, right? And you’ve
probably heard that you have to take off your hat, your belt, maybe even
your shoes! That’s all true! And we’ll go through everything that you
need to know at the security checkpoint!
But first, before we get into that, let me point something out. Take a look
at this sign! American airports can have many different terminals and
many different boarding gates. Here at Orlando International Airport,
there are four terminals and two boarding gates. All this information is
made available to you on your boarding pass or on the departure boards
inside the airport.
[In front of the security checkpoint]

Now let’s go over all the procedures that you will need to know at the
security checkpoint. First, make sure that you have your passport and
your boarding pass in your hand ready to go. Wait for an officer.
Once your documents have been verified, it’s time to get ready for
scanning. Make sure you empty out all of your pockets, including any
bits of paper.
If you’re carrying a laptop computer in your bag, now it’s time to take
it out and put it in its own screening bin. At some airports, you are
required to throw away all food that you might be carrying in your
purses. While all airports aren’t the same, it’s important to pay attention
to the instructions around the airport, so you know what you’re doing.

141
Then, take off those shoes, caps, belts, watches and any other
accessories and put them all together in their own screening bin. Make
sure you follow all these steps and you’re ready to go once it’s your turn.
Your bags will be scanned, and so will you. Once it’s your turn, step
inside the scanner and place your feet on the marks on the ground. Put
your hands above your head and remember: do not move or exit the
scanner, unless you’re told to do so by an officer.
Alright, I’m going to go ahead and get in line!
[On the tram headed for the boarding gate]

OK, guys! So at the Orlando International Airport, after you leave the
security checkpoint, make sure you take the tram over to your boarding
gate.
[At the boarding area]

Alright, guys, we’re in the boarding area, and on the next episode, we’ll
explore this together a little bit more! Stay tuned!
SE GURANÇA
[No saguão do aeroporto]

James:
Ainda que seja a sua primeira vez partindo de um aeroporto americano,
eu tenho certeza de que vocês já ouviram falar da inspeção de
segurança, certo? E vocês também provavelmente ouviram que é
preciso tirar seu chapéu, cinto, e até mesmo seus sapatos! Tudo isso
é verdade! Vamos passar por tudo de que você precisa saber sobre a
inspeção de segurança.
Mas primeiro, antes de entrarmos nesse assunto, deixe-me chamar a

sua atenção para este painel! Aeroportos americanos podem ter vários
terminais e muitos portões de embarque diferentes. Aqui no Aeroporto
Internacional de Orlando, temos quatro terminais e dois portões de
embarque. Toda essa informação está disponível para você no seu
cartão de embarque ou nos painéis de partidas dentro do aeroporto.

142
[Em frente ao acesso para a inspeção de segurança]

Agora vamos ver todos os procedimentos de que você precisa saber
quando chegar na inspeção de segurança. Primeiro, não se esqueça de
ter seu passaporte e seu cartão de embarque à mão, prontos para serem
apresentados. Espere por um agente. Uma vez que seus documentos
forem verificados, é hora de ficar pronto para o escâner. Certifique-se
de esvaziar todos os seus bolsos, incluindo quaisquer pedaços de papel.
Caso tenha um notebook na sua mochila, agora é a hora de tirá-lo dela

e colocá-lo em uma bandeja separada. Em alguns aeroportos você é
obrigado a jogar no lixo qualquer comida que você possa ter em sua
bolsa. Já que nem todos aeroportos são iguais, é importante prestar
atenção às instruções estabelecidas pelo aeroporto, para que você saiba
o que está fazendo.
Então, tire os seus sapatos, bonés, cintos, relógios e quaisquer outros

acessórios, e coloque-os juntos em uma só bandeja. Não deixe de seguir
todos esses passos, e você estará pronto quando sua vez chegar. Suas
malas e você serão escaneados. Assim que chegar a sua vez, entre no
escâner e ponha seus pés nas marcas no chão. Ponha as mãos acima da
cabeça e lembre-se: não se mova ou saia do escâner, a não ser que isso
seja indicado por um dos agentes.
Muito bem, vou seguir em frente e entrar na fila!
[No trem para o portão de embarque]

OK, galera! No Aeroporto Internacional de Orlando, após você sair da
inspeção de segurança, não se esqueça de pegar o trem até o seu
portão de embarque.
[Na área de embarque]

Muito bem pessoal! Estamos aqui na área de embarque, e no próximo
episódio vamos explorá-la um pouco mais juntos! Fiquem ligados!

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Part 2.
Vocabulary We have already seen some items that are forbidden in your carry-on, but there is no harm in
checking them out once again. Take a look:
FORBIDDEN ITEMS
Sharp objects such as knives, scissors, and blades

Objetos pontiagudos e/ou afiados, como facas, tesouras e lâminas
Containers of liquids or gels exceeding 100 ml

Líquidos ou géis em embalagens de mais de 100 ml
Flammable items Weapons of any nature

Itens inflamáveis Qualquer tipo de arma
The lines are usually pretty long at the security checkpoint. While you are standing in line, you
can do the following:
Pack your toiletries, liquids, and gels in one clear quart-sized bag.
Coloque seus produtos de higiene, líquidos e géis em um saquinho transparente de
aproximadamente 20 x 20 cm.
Take off your shoes, belt, watch, bracelets or any magnetic metal you have on.
Tire seus sapatos, cinto, relógio, pulseiras ou qualquer outro metal ferromagnético que
você esteja usando.
Keep your laptop computer and other electronics at hand.

Mantenha seu laptop e demais eletrônicos à mão.

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As you approach the scanners, this is what you will have to do:
Take off your shoes and place them in the scanning tray.
Tire os sapatos e coloque-os na bandeja do escâner.
Place your laptop computer and electronics in another scanning tray.

Coloque seu laptop e demais eletrônicos em outra bandeja do escâner.
Place the clear plastic bag with your liquids in the tray.
Coloque o saquinho com seus líquidos na bandeja.
Take off your jacket, scarf, coat, and empty your pockets.
Tire sua jaqueta, cachecol, casaco e esvazie os bolsos.
You are all set. Now it is scanning time. You will slide your bags into the bag scanner and wait
to be called into the body scanner. You will know it is your turn when you hear one of these
sentences or something similar to the following:
Please, come forward. Please, step into the body scanner.

Dê um passo à frente, por favor. Por favor, entre no escâner corporal.
In fact, they might not even say anything. As you know, the body speaks. So, the security officers might just
gesture or nod to tell you to come in. Body language is a good strategy to deal with people who can’t speak
your language. So, you will step into the scanner and the officer will be on the other side giving you these
instructions:
Place your feet on the marks.

Coloque os pés na marcação.
Raise your arms above your head.

Levante os braços acima da cabeça.

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You will have to stand in that position for a couple

of seconds, and then you will be told to leave the
scanner. You will hear something like this:
You may step out now.

Você pode sair agora.
As you step out of the body scanner, you will proceed to retrieve your belongings that went through the bag
scanner. As it turns out, the security officers who check the carry-ons might call you for further inspection. This
is a standard procedure. They will ask you to open your bags so they can see their contents better. Sometimes,
they pick one bag at random, and sometimes they spot something they would like to verify. For example:
ITEMS THE Y MAY WISH TO VERIF Y
Electronics Batteries Food Jewelry

Aparelhos eletrônicos Pilhas Comida Joias
Any other item that cannot be clearly seen on the X-ray.

Qualquer outro item que não possa ser visto claramente no raio X.
So now you know what to do to go through the security checkpoint

smoothly. All you have got to do now is keep up practicing and improving.

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Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Toiletries ( 7 ) Batteries ( ) Aparelhos eletrônicos ( ) Escâner corporal
( 2 ) Shoes ( 8 ) Food ( ) Relógio de pulso ( ) Pulseira
( 3 ) Belt ( 9 ) Jewelry ( ) Comida ( ) Bolso
( 4 ) Watch ( 10 ) Body scanner ( )P

rodutos de higiene ( ) Bandeja do escâner
pessoal
( 5 ) Bracelet ( 11 ) Scanning tray ( ) Cinto
( ) Joias
( 6 ) Electronics ( 12 ) Pocket ( ) Pilhas
( ) Sapatos
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word(s).
a) Place your shoes in the .

Coloque seus sapatos na bandeja do escâner.
b) Place your laptop computer and other in another

scanning tray.
Coloque seu laptop e demais aparelhos eletrônicos em outra bandeja de
escâner.
c. body scanner
c) Please, step into the .

e. toiletries
d. pockets
Por favor, entre no escâner corporal.

6 / 4 / 8 / 1 / 9 / 2 / 10 / 5 / 12 / 11 / 3 / 7
d) Take off your jacket, scarf, coat, and empty your .

Tire sua jaqueta, cachecol, casaco, e esvazie os bolsos.
e) Pack your , liquids, and gels in one clear

a. scanning tray / tray
electronic devices
quart-sized bag.
b. electronics /
Coloque seus produtos de higiene, líquidos e géis em um saquinho

transparente de aproximadamente 20 x 20 cm.

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Part 4.
Grammar
You have already learned some details about safety procedures before returning home.
Now, let’s see some structures you can use when you want to give commands, ask
for favors, or request permission. It is time to talk about the imperative, the simple
present, and the modal verb may. Let’s begin with the imperative.
A very frequent way to give commands or instructions is to use the imperative form.
Let’s take a look at some examples:
IMPERATIVE – AFFIRMATIVE FORM
Take off your shoes

Tire os sapatos.
Place your shoes in the scanning tray.

Coloque seus sapatos na bandeja do escâner.
Please, step into the body scanner.

Por favor, entre no escâner corporal.
As you can see, the subject does not appear in the sentences, just the verbs in their
base form and the complement. The subject in the imperative form is always you,
that’s why it is typically omitted from the sentence. In the affirmative form, you just
need the verb in its base form and a complement.
Now, let’s see what happens when we use the imperative in the negative form:
IMPERATIVE – NE GATIVE FORM
Don’t step into the body scanner.

Não entre no escâner corporal.
In this case, we need to add don’t before the verb and the complement. So, the
auxiliary verb in the negative form of the imperative is do followed by not. The
contracted form is don’t.

148
It is important to pay attention to the different uses of the word do. It may work as
an auxiliary verb, as shown before, or as the main verb, depending on the sentence
formation. Do as an auxiliary verb does not have the same meaning as when it is used
as the main verb of a sentence. Have a look at this sentence:
Do some research on prohibited items.

Faça uma pesquisa sobre itens proibidos.
In this case, we have the imperative form, and do is the main verb.
Let’s see another example:
But don’t do the research after you pack your bags.

Mas não faça a pesquisa depois de arrumar suas malas.
Here the first do is used as the auxiliary verb of the negative form, and the second
do is the main verb. So we have: Don’t do, and it’s all right. The important thing is to
understand that don’t means denial, and it doesn’t have the same meaning as the
main verb of the sentence. Now, have a look at another example:
Don’t pack prohibited items in your carry-on.

Não coloque itens proibidos na sua mala de mão.
This sentence is also in the negative form, but now with a different main verb: Pack.
Now we have don’t pack, so don’t is the auxiliary verb and pack is the main verb.
Now that we’ve seen the difference between do as a main verb and as an auxiliary
verb, it is time to explore a bit more the simple present, which we use to talk about
facts, routine, and habits.
You already know that the verb do is the auxiliary verb of the simple present, and it
will always show up in the interrogative and negative forms. But in the affirmative
structure, we hardly ever use it. The main structure in the affirmative is:
Affirmative Form
SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Verbo + Complemento

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So, to form both interrogative and negative sentences, we need to add do as an

auxiliary verb. Have a look at the structures:
Negative Form
SUBJECT + DO + NOT (DON’T) + VERB + COMPLEMENT
Sujeito + Verbo + Do + Not (Don’t) + Complemento
Interrogative Form
DO + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT
Do + Sujeito + Verbo + Complemento
Remember that we use do for the subjects I, you, we, and they, and we use does for the third person
singular: he, she, and it.
The verb to be does not quite follow the same rules. That is, to be has a different conjugation for each person,
and we do not use the auxiliary verb do to make its negative and interrogative forms. Let’s take a look at the
conjugation of this verb in the affirmative and negative forms, as well as some examples:
Affirmative Form:
I am (I’m) / you are (you’re) / he, she, it is (he’s, she’s, it’s) / we, you, they are (we’re, you’re, they’re)
She is (She’s) a passenger on flight 123 to Miami.

Ela é uma passageira no voo 123 para Miami.
Negative Form:
I’m not / you are not (you aren’t) / he, she, it is not (he, she, it isn’t) /
we, you, they are not (we, you, they aren’t)
She is not (She isn’t) a passenger on flight 456 to London.

Ela não é uma passageira no voo 456 para Londres.

150
In the affirmative form, there is a different conjugation for each person. Notice that we can also use the
contracted forms: I’m, he’s, you’re and so on.
In the negative form, we just place not after the verb, without having to resort to an auxiliary. We can also use
the contracted forms: She isn’t, you aren’t, etc., but we don’t usually use the contracted form with the first
person singular, I. This contracted form exists, ain’t, but it is really informal, and you won’t see it in a more
formal situation. It is important to understand it, but it is better not to use it.
The interrogative form is quite simple too. It works just like this:
Interrogative Form:
Am I? / Are you? / Is he, she, it? / Are we, you, they?
Are you a passenger on flight 123 to Miami?

Você é um passageiro no voo 123 para Miami?
We simply invert the position of the verb To Be and the subject to form questions,
and there is no need to use auxiliary verbs in this case either.
You noticed that we didn’t use do or does in any sentence with the verb to be in
the simple present. But if the verb to be is used in the imperative form, we will
need the auxiliary do. Check it out:
VERB TO BE – IMPERATIVE
Negative form:
Don’t be nervous during the security check.
Não fique nervosa durante o procedimento de segurança.
So, when it comes to the imperative form, we will have to apply its general rule.
Even if the main verb is to be, we have to use do in the negative form.
Now, observe the affirmative form:
VERB TO BE – IMPERATIVE
Affirmative form:
Be prepared for the body scanner.
Esteja preparado para o escâner corporal.

151
As you can see, we will follow the general rule of the imperative in
this case too. That is, no explicit subject in the sentence and the verb
in its base form, which is be.
The verb to be will be used in its base form in many different
structures, such as when we use it with some modal verbs. Let’s
see how it works with the modal verb may:
MODAL VERB MAY
You may be asked to open your bags during

the security check.
Você pode ser instruído a abrir suas malas durante
o procedimento de segurança.
The modal verb may is frequently used to ask for and give permission.
For instance, when we say May I...?, we’re asking for permission; and
when we say something like You may…, we are giving permission.
Even though, depending on the situation, or who you are talking to,
permissions can be understood as orders. Take a look at the example:
MAY – PERMISSION
Subject + Modal Verb May + Main Verb + Complement

Sujeito + Modal Verb May + Verbo Principal + Complemento
You may step out of the scanner now.

Você pode sair do escâner agora.
This is a sentence you may hear from the officer at the security checkpoint, and
it means that you are allowed to step out of the scanner. The officer is giving you
permission to do it. It is a matter of context—it can imply an idea of permission or
instruction, which is quite milder than that of an order.
Notice that the structure of the sentence follows the structure of the modal verbs that
you already know: subject + modal verb may + main verb + complement.
It is also possible to hear this in the imperative form. Check it out:
Step out of the scanner now.

Saia do escâner agora.

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The difference now is that this one sounds stronger than the
example with may. It is possible to soften up the imperative by
adding please to the sentence. Take a look:
Step forward, please.

Dê um passo à frente, por favor.
Now you know how versatile the imperative form is. You also know the difference
between the simple present of the verb to be and other verbs. You have also
reviewed one use of the modal verb may. Go the Grammar Guide section at the end
of your book to learn more about these important language items.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Imperative Page 185 w

Simple Present – Verb To Be Page 261 w
Simple Present – Other Verbs Page 265 w
Modal Verb May Page 194 w

153
Part 5.
Grammar
A. Which structures can be used to...
Activities
a) ...express orders and commands? d) ...talk about facts?

( 1 ) Simple present ( 1 ) Modal verb may
( 2 ) Imperative ( 2 ) Imperative
( 3 ) None of the above ( 3 ) None of the above
b) ...give permission? e) ...ask for permission?

( 1 ) Imperative ( 1 ) Simple present
( 2 ) Modal verb may ( 2 ) Modal verb may
( 3 ) Both ( 3 ) None of the above
c) ...talk about routine?

( 1 ) Simple present
( 2 ) Modal verb may
( 3 ) Both
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb to be.
a) She a passenger on flight 456 to London. e. be

Ela não é uma passageira no voo 456 para Londres.
d. Are
b) Don’t nervous during the security check.

e. 2
c. Be
Não fique nervosa durante o procedimento de segurança.

d. 3
b. be
c) prepared for the body scanner.

c. 1
Esteja preparado para o escâner corporal.

a. isn’t / is not
b. 2
d) you a passenger on flight 123 to Miami?

a. 2
Você é um passageiro no voo 123 para Miami?
e) You may asked to open your bags during security check.

Você pode ser instruído a abrir suas malas durante o procedimento de segurança.

154
9 Boarding
Area.
Part 1.
Video Script You’re now in the boarding area, and you probably still have some time left before
getting on the plane. That’s a good opportunity for you to explore this place. You
can visit some of the shops and maybe buy one or two last things you may have
forgotten, grab something to eat in one of the many restaurants and coffee shops
you usually find there, or simply walk around.
In this chapter you will see what you can do to make the best of this spare time,
and you’ll also study useful language items. Take a look at the script of Boarding
Area.
BOARDING AREA
[At the boarding area]

James:
OK, guys, so the first thing that you’re going to want to do once you
make it inside the boarding area is to take a look at the departure board.
It’s going to give you information pertaining to the status of your flight.
Whether it’s on time, whether it’s late, or, worst-case scenario, if it’s
been canceled. Also, it’s going to give you information about your gate.
Because gate changes are common, pay attention to this:
Once inside the boarding area, most airports have a decent selection of
bars and restaurants to choose from. The Orlando International Airport
has a really nice food court just outside the boarding area! But, if you’re
nervous about making your flight, I would suggest getting some food
once you make it inside the boarding area. I’m feeling pretty hungry
now, so I’m going to get something to eat!
[In front of the duty-free shop]

Now, if you want to go on your last shopping spree, right here in the
boarding area is where you’ll find the duty-free store. Duty-free stores
give customers access to products that are duty-free, that is, without
having to pay local taxes or other fees. I’m going to go check it out now,
so I’ll be right back!

156
Duty-free stores are only available to passengers who are flying

internationally. So you may be asked for your passport, or your
boarding pass, before making your purchase. Also, it’s very important
to remember that some products, like alcoholic beverages, will only be
given to you once you board your flight. You’ll pay for your item, check
out, and they’ll hand it to you once you’re on the plane.
Oh, last piece of advice! Don’t spend too much time on the store, and
make sure that you’re at your gate at least 20 minutes before your flight.
[At the boarding gate]

Oh, hi! Here I am at my boarding gate just waiting for my final boarding
announcement before my flight home. It’s been an amazing trip, and I
hope you guys have enjoyed it as much as I have! I’ll see you around!
ÁREA DE EMBARQUE
[Na área de embarque]

James:
OK, pessoal! A primeira coisa que vocês vão querer fazer quando
chegarem na área de embarque é olhar para o painel de partidas. Ele te
dará informações relacionadas ao status do seu voo. Se ele está dentro
do previsto, atrasado, ou, na pior das hipóteses, se foi cancelado. Ele
também te dará informação sobre seu portão de embarque. Como é
comum haver mudança de portões, preste atenção nas seguintes dicas.
Assim que você entrar na área de embarque, a maioria dos aeroportos

tem uma boa seleção de bares e restaurantes. O Aeroporto Internacional
de Orlando tem uma ótima praça de alimentação do lado de fora da
área de embarque! Mas, caso esteja nervoso com relação a conseguir
pegar seu voo, eu sugeriria que você comesse após entrar na área de
embarque. Eu estou com muita fome agora; então, vou pegar algo para
comer!

157
[Em frente à loja duty-free]

Agora, se você quiser fazer umas compras de última hora, aqui na área
de embarque é onde você encontrará a loja duty-free. Lojas duty-free
dão aos seus clientes acesso a produtos que são isentos de taxas, ou
seja, aos quais não são acrescidos impostos locais ou taxas adicionais.
Vou dar uma conferida e já volto!
Lojas duty-free estão disponíveis somente para passageiros de voos

internacionais. Portanto, talvez peçam o seu passaporte, ou o seu cartão
de embarque, antes de finalizar a sua compra. Também é importante
lembrar que alguns produtos, como bebidas alcoólicas, apenas serão
entregues a você depois do embarque. Você paga e eles são entregues
quando você estiver dentro do avião.
Ah, um último conselho! Não gaste muito tempo na loja, e esteja em seu
portão de embarque no mínimo 20 minutos antes do seu voo.
[No portão de embarque]

Oi! Estou aqui no portão de embarque, esperando pela chamada de
embarque final, antes de voar de volta para casa. Foi uma viagem
incrível, e espero que vocês tenham aproveitado tanto quanto eu! Vejo
vocês por aí!

158
Part 2.
Vocabulary Before you start exploring the boarding area, you should check your flight information. You can
find it on the departure board. That’s the kind of information you will see there:
INFORMATION ON THE DEPARTURE BOARD
Destination Airline Flight number

Destino Companhia aérea Número do voo
Terminal and gate Scheduled time Flight status

Terminal e portão Horário programado/previsto Status do voo
If everything is right with your flight, you will see the following sequence of
information concerning the flight status:
FLIGHT STATUSES
Confirmed Check-in open Last call

Confirmado Despacho aberto Última chamada
Proceed to gate Now boarding

Siga para o portão de embarque Embarque imediato

159
If there’s a problem with the flight, you’ll read: Or worst-case scenario:
Delayed Canceled
Atrasado Cancelado
In such case, you will have to go to the airline counter to reschedule your flight.
You may have to ask the following questions:
When is the next flight? When can I rebook my flight?

Quando é o próximo voo? Para quando posso remarcar meu voo?
Will I get a meal voucher? Will I get a hotel voucher?

Eu vou receber um voucher de alimentação? Eu vou receber um voucher de hotel?
Flights are not canceled very often. Delays, on the other hand, happen more
frequently, especially due to weather conditions. In that case, your gate is likely
to change.
If your gate changes, you will hear an announcement similar to this one:
Attention, please, passengers of flight AM987 to Houston.

Your boarding gate has changed; please, proceed to gate A4.
Atenção, por favor, passageiros do voo AM987 para Houston.
Seu portão de embarque mudou; por favor, dirijam-se ao portão A4.
It is important to check the terminal and the gate on the departure board
because this is where your flight information will be updated.
If the gate and terminal information on your boarding pass differs from that on the
departure board, go to the gate specified on the departure board because that’s
the correct one

160
There will probably be an information desk in the boarding area where you can ask for help. You may ask one
of these questions:
Excuse me. Can you help me check if my boarding gate has changed?
Com licença. Você pode me ajudar a verificar se o meu portão de embarque mudou?
Do I have to go to another terminal? How do I get to my boarding gate?

Eu tenho que ir para outro terminal? Como eu chego ao meu portão de embarque?
Once you get to your boarding terminal, there are plenty of options for you to kill time while waiting for your
flight. These are some of them:
PL ACES TO GO IN THE INTERNATIONAL BOARDING AREA
Restaurants Drugstores Bookstores Duty-free shops

Restaurantes Farmácias Livrarias Lojas duty-free
The duty-free shop is usually the

travelers’ favorite shop. This is where
you are likely to find better prices since
you don’t have to pay local taxes.

161
And you’ll find almost anything you want in a duty-free shop. Take a look:
THINGS YOU MAY FIND IN A DUT Y-FREE SHOP
Electronics Candy and chocolate

Aparelhos eletrônicos Doces e chocolates
Clothes Beauty products

Roupas Produtos de beleza
Perfume Alcoholic beverages

Perfumes Bebidas alcoólicas
Eyewear
Óculos de sol e lentes de contato

162
If you are in a shop, the salesperson may approach you like this:
Can I help you? How can I help you?

Posso ajudar? Como posso ajudar?
But if you are the one who approaches the salesperson, then you’ll say:
Excuse me. Can you help me?

Com licença. Você pode me ajudar?
Now, if you want to learn more about the price of the products or
the deals you can get, you may ask:
How much is it? Do I get a discount if I take two?

Quanto é? Eu ganho um desconto se levar dois?
How much does it cost? Is this on sale?

Quanto isso custa? Isso está em promoção?
If you don’t want to go shopping or if you get a bit hungry,

just look for some restaurant in the boarding area.

163
And there will be some options for you to choose from, such as:
PL ACES TO GE T SOME THING TO EAT AND DRINK
Restaurants Fast-food restaurants

Restaurantes Restaurantes de fast-food
Snack bars Coffee shops

Lanchonetes Cafés
You can place your order like this:
I would like a burger with fries, please.

Eu gostaria de um hambúrguer com batata frita, por favor.
I’ll have a cup of coffee, please. A large cappuccino, please. No sugar.

Vou querer uma xícara de café, por favor. Um cappuccino grande, por favor. Sem açúcar.
Now you know how to check your flight status, the procedures in case
of unforeseen events, such as delayed or canceled flights, as well as
what shopping and restaurant options you have in the boarding area.

164
Part 3.
Vocabulary
Activities
( 1 ) Departure board ( 7 ) Flight status ( ) Livraria ( ) Última chamada
( 2 ) Destination ( 8 ) Confirmed ( ) Cancelado ( ) Atrasado
( 3 ) Airline ( 9 ) Check-in open ( ) Painel de partidas ( ) Número do voo
( 4 ) Flight number ( 10 ) Canceled ( )C

onfirmado ( ) Horário previsto
( 5 ) Bookstore ( 11 ) Last call ( ) Despacho aberto ( ) Destino
( 6 ) Scheduled time ( 12 ) Delayed ( ) Status do voo ( )C

ompanhia aérea
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word(s).
a) Your has changed. Please proceed to gate A4.

Seu portão de embarque mudou. Por favor, dirijam-se ao portão A4.
d. rebook / reschedule
f. would like / ’d like

b) Do I get a if I take two?
Eu ganho um desconto se levar dois?
e. How
c) Will I get a ?
Eu vou receber um voucher de alimentação?
a. boarding gate
c. meal voucher
d) When can I my flight?

b. discount
Para quando posso remarcar meu voo?
e) can I help you?

Como eu posso te ajudar?

11 / 12 / 4 / 6 / 2 / 3
5 / 10 / 1 / 8 / 9 / 7 /
f) I two burgers and fries, please.

Eu gostaria de dois hambúrgueres e batatas fritas, por favor.

165
Part 4.
Grammar In this chapter, we will explore some language items, such as adjectives and nouns.
Let’s begin with adjectives.
Adjectives express characteristics and they are used to describe things, places, and
people—they always refer to nouns or pronouns.
In English, adjectives don’t change according to number or gender as it happens in
some other languages. That means that they do not have singular or plural forms, or
feminine and masculine forms. Let’s see some examples:
Canceled Delayed
Cancelado/Cancelada Atrasado/Atrasada
Cancelados/Canceladas Atrasados/Atrasadas
XL
Confirmed
Confirmado/Confirmada Large
Confirmados/Confirmadas Grande/Grandes
Interesting
Interessante/Interessantes
And there’s another difference: in many languages, the most common position for
the adjective is after the noun, but, in English, adjectives usually come before the
noun. Check it out:
Adjective Noun
I’d like a large cappuccino.
Eu gostaria de um cappuccino grande.

166
Notice that the adjective large comes before the noun cappuccino.
Look at this next example:
Adjective Noun
There are interesting products at the duty-free shop.
Existem produtos interessantes na loja duty-free.
In this case, interesting is the adjective and products is the noun.

Have a look at another one:
Adjective Noun
Have a nice flight.
Tenha um bom voo.
Here, nice is the adjective and flight is the noun. Once again, the
adjective comes before the noun.
As you can see in the examples, adjectives don’t change their form,
and they usually come before nouns. But what are nouns?
Nouns are words we use to name people, things, places, feelings, experiences,
and so on. Nouns can refer either to concrete or abstract things.
Concrete nouns are those used to name things we can see or touch.
For example:
CONCRE TE NOUNS
Restaurants Clothes Seat

Restaurantes Roupas Assento
But nouns are also used to name abstract things, things we can’t touch, such as
ideas, feelings, experiences, and situations. They are called abstract nouns.
ABSTRACT NOUNS
Experience Freedom Dream

Experiência Liberdade Sonho

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Regardless of the type of noun, the position of the adjective won’t change.
Compare:
Unforgettable experience adjective + abstract noun

Experiência inesquecível adjetivo + substantivo abstrato
Large cappuccino adjective + concrete noun

Cappuccino grande adjetivo + substantivo concreto
In the first example, we have the adjective unforgettable and the abstract noun
experience. In the second one, we have the adjective large and the concrete
noun cappuccino. In both cases, we use the same structure, that is: an adjective
plus a noun. As you can see, the type of noun – concrete or abstract – doesn’t
affect this structure.
But, different from adjectives, nouns vary in number. Most of them have singular
and plural forms. When we talk about one thing only, we use a singular noun.
And to talk about more than one, we use plural nouns.
Check some examples out:
SINGUL AR AND PLURAL NOUNS
One seat Two seats

Um assento Dois assentos
One woman Ten women

Uma mulher Dez mulheres
Notice that we used different plural forms. To use the plural form of regular plural
nouns, such as seat, we just add -S to the end of the word. This is the general
rule. There are other variations, mainly regarding spelling depending on the
noun’s ending, but regular plural nouns will always end in -S.

168
On the other hand, irregular plural nouns will suffer a change in their basic form
and will not end in -S. It’s the case of woman, which becomes women.
Let’s see other examples:
IRRE GUL AR PLURAL NOUNS
Woman – women Child – children

Mulher – mulheres Criança – crianças
Man – men Person – people

Homem – homens Pessoa – pessoas
But remember, in English, the adjective doesn’t change its form. It does not
matter if the noun is singular or plural, nor whether it has a regular or irregular
plural form: the adjective won’t change.
Tall woman Tall women

Mulher alta Mulheres altas
Canceled flight Canceled flights

Voo cancelado Voos cancelados
It’s also important to keep in mind that all the nouns that have a plural form are
things that we can count, so we call them countable nouns. For example:
COUNTABLE NOUNS
One drugstore Two drugstores

Uma farmácia Duas farmácias
There are things we can’t count by units; therefore, they don’t have a plural form.
They are called uncountable nouns.
Take a look at the examples:
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Information Luggage
Informação Bagagem

169
The words information and luggage have a plural form in several languages, but
in English they are uncountable, so they have no plural form. If we really need to
be more precise about their quantity, we say pieces of.
Look at other examples:
Can you give me two pieces of information?

Você pode me dar duas informações?
How many pieces of luggage do you have?

Quantas peças de bagagem você tem? / Quantas bagagens você tem?
Using adjectives with uncountable nouns is quite simple as well.

Nothing changes, actually. The adjective remains the same, and it’s
used in the same position.
Heavy luggage
Bagagem pesada / Bagagens pesadas
Interesting information
Informação interessante / Informações interessantes
Now you know how to use adjectives, the plural, and countable and uncountable
nouns in English. Go to the Grammar Guide section at the end of your book to learn
more about these important language items.
GRAMMAR GUIDE
Adjectives Page 175 w

Nouns Page 213 w
Plural Nouns Page 216 w
Countable and Uncountable Nouns Page 220 w

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Part 5.
Grammar
A. Write C when the noun is countable, and U when it is uncountable.
Activities
a) ( ) Information d) ( ) Man
Informação Homem
b) ( ) Child e) ( ) Woman
Criança Mulher
c) ( ) Luggage f) ( ) Dream
Bagagem Sonho
B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate adjective and noun, according to the
words in bold.
a) I’d like a .
Eu gostaria de um cappuccino grande.
e. Canceled flights
d. heavy luggage
f. Tall people
b) There are at the duty-free shop.
Existem produtos interessantes na loja duty-free.
b. interesting products
c) Have a .
a. large cappuccino
Tenha um bom voo.

c. nice flight
d) All must be checked in.

Toda bagagem pesada deve ser despachada.
e) can be rebooked at the airline counter.

d. C
Voos cancelados poderão ser reagendados no balcão da companhia aérea.

e. C
f. C
f) normally choose aisle seats.

b. C
a. U
c. U
Pessoas altas normalmente escolhem os assentos no corredor.

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Gram
mar
Grammar Guide.
Guide
Grammar
GuideInfinitive Form
The infinitive form of the verb is the verb in its base form. In English, the infinitive
form is preceded by the particle “to.”
Have a look at some examples of verbs in the infinitive form:
INFINITIVE FORM
To eat To go To study
Comer Ir Estudar
To speak To travel To work

Falar Viajar Trabalhar
Just like it happens in most languages, the infinitive form is used in several
instances in English. One of the most common uses is to follow other verbs.
VERB + INFINITIVE
We want to travel next month.

Nós queremos viajar mês que vem.
(verb: want in the simple present + infinitive: to travel)
She needs to study for the exam.

Ela precisa estudar para a prova.
(verb: need in the simple present + infinitive: to study)
Did you have to work last week?

Você teve que trabalhar semana passada?
(verb: have in the simple past interrogative + infinitive: to work)

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Infinitive Form
And the infinitive form is also frequently used after some adjectives.
ADJE CTIVE + INFINITIVE
I’m happy to see you!

Eu estou feliz em ver você!
(adjective: happy + infinitive: to see)
You are not allowed to stay here.

Você não tem permissão para ficar aqui.
(adjective: allowed + infinitive: to stay)
I’m ready to start.

Estou pronto para começar.
(adjective: ready + infinitive: to start)
All of these sentences have examples of verbs in the infinitive form, which is also called
to-infinitive, because it is composed of two words in English: the particle to + the verb.
But we also use the bare infinitive, which is the verb in the infinitive form, but not preceded by
the particle “to.” This is how verbs appear in the dictionary, and it’s also used after some verbs.
VERB + BARE INFINITIVE
They watched me do the job before they tried it.

Eles me viram fazer o trabalho antes de tentarem.
(verb: watch in the simple past + object: me + bare infinitive do)
We can’t travel with you this weekend.

Nós não podemos viajar com vocês neste fim de semana.
( modal verb can in the negative + bare infinitive travel)
They will finish this job tomorrow.

Eles vão terminar esse trabalho amanhã.
( modal verb will + bare infinitive finish)
And this is how we use the infinitive form in English.

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Grammar
GuideAdjectives
Adjectives are used to describe ADJE CTIVES
things. We can use adjectives to Subject + Verb + Adjective
describe objects, people, places,
the weather, and food, for example.
Mary is smart.
Adjectives don’t have singular Mary é esperta.
or plural forms or feminine and (subject: Mary + verb: is + adjective: smart)
masculine, and they always refer
to nouns or pronouns. John is smart.
Adjectives are used mainly in two John é esperto.
positions. In the first one, a noun or a (subject: John + verb: is + adjective: smart)
pronoun is the subject of the sentence,
followed by the verb and the adjective. Mary and John are smart.
Mary e John são espertos.
(subject: Mary and John + verb: are + adjective: smart)
The other position for adjectives is right before the noun to which they refer.
In this case, we’ll have a determiner (if necessary), the adjective, and the noun.
Take a look:
ADJE CTIVES
(Determiner +) Adjective + Noun
Mary has a great job.

Mary tem um ótimo emprego.
(determiner: a + adjective: great + noun: job)
John has a great job.

John tem um ótimo emprego.
(determiner: a + adjective: great + noun: job)
Mary and John have great jobs.

Mary e John têm ótimos empregos.
( no determiner + adjective: great + noun: job)

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Adjectives
In this second structure, it’s possible to use a determiner or not. But what is a determiner?
A determiner can be an article, such as the, a, or an; a demonstrative, such as this, that,
these, or those; or a possessive adjective, such as my, your, his, her, its, our, or their.
DE TERMINERS
Article: the / a / an
o(a) / um(a)
Demonstratives: this / that / these / those

este(a), esse(a); estes(as) esses(as) / aquele(a); aqueles(as)
Possessive adjectives: my / your / his / her / its / our / their

meu(s); minha(s) / seu(s); sua(s) /
dele / dela / nosso(s); nossa(s) / deles; delas
Let’s see some examples with determiners before the adjective and the noun.
ADJE CTIVES
Determiner + Adjective + Noun
Chris is the best student in the class.

Chris é o melhor aluno da sala.
(determiner: the + adjective: best + noun: student)
Look at those cute dogs!

Olha aqueles cachorros fofos!
(determiner: those + adjective: cute + noun: dogs)
Chocolate is my favorite dessert.

Chocolate é minha sobremesa favorita.
(determiner: my + adjective: favorite + noun: dessert)

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Adjectives
It’s possible to use two or more adjectives in a sentence. Look at the example:
ADJE CTIVES
Carnival is a beautiful big old festival.

O Carnaval é uma grande e bonita festa antiga.
(determiner: a + adjectives: beautiful, big, and old + noun: festival)
When you use more than one adjective in a sentence, there is an order to be followed. Check it out:
ADJE CTIVE ORDER
1st – Opinion 2nd – Size

Example: Amazing, beautiful, nice. Example: Big, small, tall, short.
Exemplo: Incrível, bonito(a), legal. Exemplo: Grande, pequeno(a), alto(a), baixo(a).
3rd – Physical characteristics 4th – Shape

Example: Thin, tall, short. Example: Round, square, rectangular.
Exemplo: Magro(a), alto(a), baixo(a). Exemplo: Redondo(a), quadrado(a), retangular.
5th – Age 6th – Color

Example: Old and young. Example: Blue, red, yellow.
Exemplo: Velho(a) e novo(a). Exemplo: Azul, vermelho(a), amarelo(a).
7th – Origin 8th – Material

Example: Japanese, Italian, American. Example: Wooden, plastic, glass.
Exemplo: Japonês(esa), Italiano(a), Americano(a). Exemplo: De madeira, de plástico, de vidro.
9th – Type 10th – Purpose

Example: General, specific. Example: Cooking, cleaning, teaching.
Exemplo: Geral, específico(a). Exemplo: Para cozinhar, limpar, ensinar.
It’s not common to use many adjectives for the same noun, but it’s possible.
This is how adjectives are used in English.

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Grammar
GuideDefinite Article
The definite article is a determiner.
Determiners are groups of words that DEFINITE ARTICLE
will always precede a noun since they
are used to “mark” nouns. The
In English, there is only one definite o(a); os(as)
article: the.
Unlike other languages, the definite DEFINITE ARTICLE

article in English does not change Gender
according to gender. This means
that it will remain the same before a Masculine noun Feminine noun Neutral noun
feminine, masculine, or neutral noun. the boy the girl the kid
Take a look: o menino a menina a criança
The same goes for number. The definite article in English does not change
in number either. So, there’s no article variation, whether it is referring to a
singular or a plural noun.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
Number
Masculine noun Feminine noun Neutral noun

the boys the girls the kids
os meninos as meninas as crianças

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Definite Article
We use the definite article DEFINITE ARTICLE
when we believe the listener
or reader knows or is familiar
This is the place I told you
with the noun to which we Get the phone. It’s ringing.
about.
are referring. Pegue o telefone. Está
Este é o lugar do qual eu te
tocando.
falei.
The moon is beautiful tonight.

A lua está bonita hoje.
The article is placed before DEFINITE ARTICLE

the noun to which it refers.
And although it is not always
immediately before the The red car is outside.
The car is outside.
noun, articles are always O carro vermelho está lá fora.
O carro está lá fora.
determining a noun. (article: the + adjective: red +
(article: the + noun: car)
noun: car)
Take a look:
In English, there are some situations in which we will not use articles before nouns. Articles are not used
before generalizations, possessive adjectives, and most proper nouns.
Let’s see each of these cases:
DEFINITE ARTICLE DEFINITE ARTICLE

No article before generalizations No article before possessive adjectives
Books are important for your personal and

professional development.
Livros são importantes para seu desenvolvimento The shopping bags are on the bed.
pessoal e profissional. As bolsas de compras estão na cama.
(Referring to books in general = no article) (Specific shopping bags and specific
bed = article)
The books you lent me are excellent.
Os livros que você me emprestou são excelentes. Your shopping bags are on my bed.
(Referring to a group of specific books = use the Suas bolsas de compras estão na
definite article) minha cama.
(Specifying the owner of the objects
The same rule applies to possessive adjectives. with possessive adjectives = no article)
Since the possessive adjective is referring to the
noun, we don’t use an article to refer to it.

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Definite Article
In most cases, we do not use the definite article before proper nouns either.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
General rule: no article before proper nouns
Europe Russia California Julia

The Europe The Russia The California The Julia
But there will be some exceptions to this general rule. We’ll use the definite article before
proper nouns in some situations, as we can see in the following table.
DEFINITE ARTICLE
Exceptions: definite article before proper nouns
Proper nouns that include a common noun as part of their name, such as “states,”
“kingdom,” and “republic” in the following examples.
The United States The United Kingdom The Czech Republic

Os Estados Unidos O Reino Unido A República Tcheca
Names of seas, rivers, deserts, mountain groups, and island groups
The Atlantic The Sahara The Caribbean

O Atlântico O Saara O Caribe
Geographical regions
The South The East The Midwest

O sul O leste O Centro-Oeste
This is how we use the definite article in English.

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Grammar
GuideIndefinite Article
Articles are determiners. Determiners are a group of words that will always
precede a noun since they are used to “mark” nouns.
The indefinite article “a,” or its variation “an,” is used to refer to things in
general. In opposite to the definite article, which is used to talk about specific
things.
ARTICLES
Indefinite x Definite
I gave Mark a book.

Eu dei um livro ao Mark.
(Things in general = indefinite article “a” or “an”)
He loved the book I gave him.

Ele adorou o livro que eu dei a ele.
(Specific things = definite article “the”)
In English, the articles do not change according to gender. This means that no
matter if the noun is feminine or masculine, there will be no variation.
Regarding number, it is important to notice that the English indefinite article is
only used before singular nouns.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Singular Plural
a girl girls
uma menina (umas) meninas
a boy boys
um menino (uns) meninos

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Indefinite Article
Take a look at the following examples to see how it works in a sentence:
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
The baby is a girl / a boy.

O bebê é uma menina / um menino.
(Singular noun = we can use the indefinite article)
The babies are girls/boys.

Os bebês são meninas/meninos.
(Plural noun = we cannot use the indefinite article)
We should also pay special attention to the variation of the indefinite article in English.
The indefinite article in English will vary depending on the initial sound of the word that comes
after it. If the following word begins with a consonant sound, we’ll use a, and if the following
word begins with a vowel sound, then we’ll use an.
Notice that the variation occurs based on the initial sound and not on the spelling. Considering
the vowels, sound and spelling will coincide in all words starting with the vowels A, E, and I. That
means that these words are spelled with initial vowels and have an initial vowel sound. Therefore,
they will be preceded by an.
Have a look:
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Indefinite Article + Words Starting with A, E, and I
Words spelled with initial vowels and pronounced as vowels.

Palavras que começam com vogais que são pronunciadas como vogais.
A E I
an army an elephant an island
an avenue an event an institution
an alien an employee an immigrant

182
Indefinite Article
Words starting with O and U require more attention because, although they
are spelled with an initial vowel, they may have an initial consonant sound.
As for words spelled with an initial O, most will be pronounced as vowels.
Among the most frequent words in English, we should pay special attention
to the word “one,” which has an initial consonant sound.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Indefinite Article + Words Starting with O
an object
um objeto
( pronounced as vowel)
( pronunciada como vogal)
a one-way street
uma rua de mão única
( pronounced as a consonant – sounds like /w/ as in the verb want)
( pronunciada como consoante – como o som inicial do verbo “want”)
As for words spelled with an initial U, we should pay more attention to the
difference in pronunciation since there are a considerable number of words
spelled with initial U but pronounced as a consonant.
Take a look at the difference:
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Indefinite Article + Words Starting with U
an umbrella
um guarda-chuva
( pronounced as vowel – sounds like / / as in the word “other”)
( pronunciada como vogal – como o som inicial da palavra “other”)
a university
uma universidade
( pronounced as a consonant – sounds like /j/ as in the pronoun you)
( pronunciada como consoante – como o som inicial do pronome “you”)

183
Indefinite Article
We must also pay attention to the initial consonant H. Words spelled with an
initial H may carry initial vowel sounds – in case the H is silent – or consonant
sounds.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Indefinite Article + Words Starting with H
an hour
uma hora
( pronounced as vowel – silent initial H)
( pronunciada como vogal – o H inicial é mudo)
an honest man
um homem honesto
( pronounced as vowel – silent initial H)
( pronunciada como vogal – o H inicial é mudo)
a house
uma casa
( pronounced as consonant – the initial H is not silent)
( pronunciada como consoante – o H inicial não é mudo)
a hurricane
um furacão
( pronounced as consonant – the initial H is not silent)
( pronunciada como consoante – o H inicial não é mudo)
And this how we use the indefinite article in English.

184
Grammar
GuideImperative
The imperative form is used to tell people what to do, and for this reason, it does not have an
interrogative form. The imperative is only used in the affirmative and negative forms.
IMPERATIVE FORM
Structure
Affirmative Form
Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
Go there.
Vá lá.
Negative Form
Auxiliary Verb Do + Not (Don’t) + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
Don’t come here.

Não venha aqui.
In English, the imperative performs many functions. It can be used to give orders
or to demand something, to instruct, to give advice or recommendation, or to
encourage someone.
IMPERATIVE FORM
Functions
1. Order; demand
Open your book. Don’t get in.

Abra o seu livro. Não entre.
2. Instructions
Mix the ingredients and add salt. Don’t put too much salt.
Misture os ingredientes e adicione sal. Não coloque muito sal.

185
Imperative
3. Advice, suggestions
Have a cup of tea and rest. Don’t forget to take your coat.
Tome uma xícara de chá e descanse. Não se esqueça de levar seu casaco.
4. Requests; favors
Bring it to me, please. Don’t tell John, please.

Traga isso para mim, por favor. Não conte para o John, por favor.
5. Encouragement
Try again! You can do it. Don’t give up. You can do it.
Tente novamente! Você consegue. Não desista. Você consegue.
Imperative sentences are always addressed to the listener or listeners. So, the subject is always
in the second person, which is “you,” in the singular or plural forms. For that reason, in most
imperative sentences, the subject is omitted.
However, the subject can be included in imperative sentences to add emphasis to the action. In
such cases, it will be placed before the main verb, in both affirmative and negative sentences.
IMPERATIVE FORM
Using the Subject to Add Emphasis
Affirmative Form
Subject (second person) + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
You sit down now.

Sente-se agora.
Negative Form
Auxiliary Verb Do + Not (Don’t) + Subject (second person) +
Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
Don’t you lie to me.

Não minta para mim.

186
Imperative
In English, we can only use the imperative form to address the person or people to whom we are talking.
But if we want to make suggestions or requests in the first person, we can use the verb let in the imperative.
We’ll use the verb let in the imperative form, the object pronoun for the first person, which is either “me”
or “us,” a verb in the infinitive form (without to), and the complement.
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Making Suggestions or Requests in the First Person
Let (Imperative Form) + Object Pronoun in the First Person ( me/us) +

Verb in the Infinitive Form (without “to”)
Let me see.
Deixe-me ver.
Let me help you.

Deixe-me ajudá-lo.
Let’s meet tomorrow. (Let’s Let us)

Vamos nos encontrar amanhã.
Let’s watch a movie tonight. (Let’s Let us)

Vamos assistir a um filme hoje à noite.
We can use the same structure to make suggestions or requests for a third person.
To do that, we just have to use the object pronouns in the third person.
IMPERATIVE FORM
Making Suggestions or Requests for a Third Person
Let (Imperative Form) + Object Pronoun in the Third Person (him/her/it/them) +

Verb in the Infinitive Form (without “to”)
Let it go.
Deixe isso para lá.
Let him stay.

Deixe-o ficar.
Let them talk.

Deixe-os falar.
And this is how we use the imperative in English.

187
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Can
Modal verbs function as auxiliary verbs, adding meaning to the main verb.
They express possibility, probability, ability, permission, assumption,
obligation, or prohibition.
Modal verbs share the same sentence structure. In the affirmative, the
structure is the subject, the modal verb followed by the main verb in the base
form, and it can be followed by a complement or not.
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative Form
I can drive.
Eu posso dirigir.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + main verb: drive)
I can play the piano.

Eu posso tocar piano.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + main verb: play + complement: the piano)
In negative sentences, we keep the same pattern, but include not after the
modal verb. We generally use the contracted form can’t.
MODAL VERBS
Negative Form
I can’t drive.
Eu não posso dirigir.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + not (can’t) + main verb: drive)
I can’t play the piano.

Eu não posso tocar piano.
(subject: I + modal verb: can + not (can’t) + main verb: play +
complement: the piano)

188
Modal Verb Can
In interrogative sentences, we invert the position of the modal verb and the subject.
The structure is the modal verb, the subject, the main verb in the base form, and a
complement, when necessary.
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative Form
Can you drive?

Você pode dirigir?
( modal verb: can + subject: you + main verb: drive)
Can you play the piano?

Você pode tocar piano?
( modal verb: can + subject: you + main verb: play + complement: the piano)
The modal verb can in its affirmative form typically expresses possibility, present ability,
and permission. In the negative form, it expresses lack of possibility, lack of ability, and lack
of permission.
MODAL VERB CAN

Uses
Affirmative Negative
Possibility Lack of Possibility

I can meet you later. I can’t meet you later.
Eu posso te encontrar mais tarde. Eu não posso te encontrar mais tarde.
Present Ability Lack of Ability

I can dance very well. I can’t dance very well.
Eu posso/sei dançar muito bem. Eu não posso/sei dançar muito bem.
Permission Lack of Permission

You can come in. You can’t come in.
Você pode entrar. Você não pode entrar.

189
Modal Verb Can
As for the interrogative form, the modal verb can is typically used to
make requests. It’s used to ask for favors and for permission, or to
ask about the possibility of something happening.
MODAL VERB CAN

Uses
Interrogative
Asking for a Favor

Can you help me?
Você pode me ajudar?
Asking for Permission

Can I come in?
Eu posso entrar?
Asking about Possiblity

Can we meet after work?
Nós podemos nos encontrar depois do trabalho?
It’s important to acknowledge that these uses are usually easily noticed within the context, since the same
sentence in different contexts may have different meanings.
MODAL VERB CAN

Contexts
You can speak English. You have the ability to speak English.
Você pode/sabe falar inglês. Você tem habilidade para falar inglês.
It’s possible for you to speak English in a certain situation.

É possível que você fale inglês em determinada situação.
You have permission to speak English in a certain situation.

Você tem permissão para falar inglês em determinada situação.
And this is how you use the modal verb can.

190
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Could
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add
meaning to the main verb. Modal verbs can express possibility, probability,
ability, permission, assumption, obligation, or prohibition.
Modal verbs follow the same sentence structure. Let’s look at structures
in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative forms.
In the affirmative, the structure is the subject, the modal verb, and the main
verb in the base form, which may be followed by a complement or not.
Take a look at the table.
MODAL VERBS
Affirmative
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
We could go to the gym.

Nós poderíamos ir à academia.
In negative sentences, we’ll include the word not after the modal verb.
When we use the negative form, we generally use the contracted form couldn’t.
MODAL VERBS
Negative
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
We couldn’t go to the gym.

Nós não pudemos ir à academia.

191
Modal Verb Could
To make interrogative sentences, the modal verb is placed before the subject.
MODAL VERBS
Interrogative
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement
Could we go to the gym together?

Nós poderíamos ir à academia juntos?
It’s important to notice that modal verbs, in general, should be associated with their functions in the context,
and not with time ( past, present or future). This is particularly important when analyzing the modal verb could
since the time reference may change drastically according to its function in the context.
The modal verb could, in its affirmative and negative forms, can be used to express probability or lack of
probability, either of a present or a future event. It can also refer to abilities, but in such case, could refers to
past abilities.
MODAL VERB COULD

Probability / Lack of Probability (in the Present)
Mary is not home right now. She’s usually at her parents’ in the morning. She could be there.
Mary não está em casa agora. Ela geralmente está na casa de seus pais de manhã. Ela pode estar lá.
(She could be there = It’s possible that she is there)
Mary’s parents are out of town. She couldn’t be there.

Os pais da Mary estão fora da cidade. Ela não poderia estar lá.
(She couldn’t be there = It’s not possible for her to be there)
We can also use the modal verb could to talk about probability in the future, that is, the chances for
something to happen.
MODAL VERB COULD

Probability / Lack of Probability (in the Future)
Sylvia is an excellent professional. I think she could be the new manager.

A Sylvia é uma profissional excelente. Eu acho que ela poderia ser a nova gerente.
(She could be the new manager = It’s likely to happen)
Brian is just as good. But he couldn’t be the new manager; he has no management skills.
Brian é tão bom quanto ela. Mas ele não poderia ser o novo gerente; ele não tem habilidades gerenciais.
(He couldn’t be the new manager = It’s not likely to happen)

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Modal Verb Could
However, when we use the modal verb could to refer to ability, we are referring to abilities
people had in the past, and that they probably don’t have anymore, or, in the case of negative
sentences, abilities people didn’t have in the past.
MODAL VERB COULD

Ability / Lack of Ability (in the Past)
Kevin won a lot of football tournaments back in our school days. Boy, he could run!
Kevin ganhou muitos torneios de futebol americano na época de escola. Cara, como ele
sabia/podia correr!
George was a good player, but he couldn’t run long distances.

George era um bom jogador, mas ele não sabia/podia correr distâncias longas.
The modal verb could in the interrogative form is used to ask about possibilities
or abilities in the past.
MODAL VERB COULD
Could you meet me at the coffee shop tomorrow?

Você poderia me encontrar no café amanhã?
(Asking about possibilities for the future)
Could you speak English by the time you lived abroad?

Você podia/sabia falar inglês quando morou fora?
(Asking about ability in the past)
In the interrogative, the modal verb could is also very frequently used to make
requests in a polite way, either asking for a favor or permission.
MODAL VERB COULD

Making Requests
Could you lend me your car?

Você poderia me emprestar o seu carro?
Could I borrow your car?

Eu poderia pegar o seu carro emprestado?
And now you know how to use the modal verb could.

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Grammar
GuideModal Verb May
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning
to the main verb. Modal verbs can express possibility, probability, ability,
permission, assumption, obligation, or prohibition.
The sentence structure of modal verbs follows the same pattern:
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Negative Form
Subject + Modal Verb + Not + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Sujeito + Modal Verb + Not + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)
Interrogative Form
Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal na Forma Base + Complemento (se necessário)

194
Modal Verb May
The modal verb may can be used to express probability.
In such cases, we are saying that something is likely to happen, that there’s a chance that
something will happen. For example:
MODAL VERB MAY

Expressing Probability
I may go to the party.

It may rain.
Eu posso ir à festa. / Pode ser que
Pode chover. / Pode ser que chova.
eu vá à festa.
(There is a reasonable chance that
(There is a reasonable chance that I
it will rain).
will go to the party).
She may be at home. She may be at home.

Ela pode estar em casa. / Pode ser que Ela pode estar em casa. / Pode ser que
ela esteja em casa. ela esteja em casa.
(There is a reasonable chance that (There is a reasonable chance that
I will go to the party). she will be home).
The modal verb may can also be used to say that there
is a chance that something does not happen.
In this case, we use it in the negative form. Take a look:
MODAL VERB MAY

Expressing Unlikely Things
I may not be the best student in class, but I’m very dedicated.
Eu posso não ser o melhor aluno da turma, mas eu sou muito dedicado.
Be careful with the pieces of news you read on social media. They
may not be true.
Tenha cuidado com notícias que você lê nas redes sociais. Elas podem
não ser verdadeiras.
Researchers may not be able to find the cure to some diseases,

but they’ve been doing their best.
Pesquisadores podem (até) não ser capazes de achar a cura para
algumas doenças, mas eles têm dado o melhor de si.

195
Modal Verb May
It is rare to see may in the interrogative form to give the idea of probability.
The interrogative form is used as a formal way to ask for permission. In such
cases, may is used in questions in the first person, either singular or plural.
MODAL VERB MAY

Asking for Permission
Excuse me, Ms. Sullivan. May I come in?

Com licença, senhora Sullivan. Eu posso entrar?
(May I come in? = First person singular – I).
May we talk to you for a minute, sir?

Nós podemos falar com o senhor por um minuto?
(May we talk…? = First person plural – We).
When we ask for permission, the interrogative form can only be used in the first person.
However, when we answer these permission requests, that is, when we give permission or not, we will use
the affirmative or the negative forms in the second person. Have a look:
MODAL VERB MAY

Giving Permission (or not)
Asking for permission: Excuse me, Ms. Sullivan. May I come in?
Com licença, senhora Sullivan. Eu posso entrar?
Giving permission or not: Yes, you may come in. / No, you may not come in.
Sim, você pode entrar. / Não, você não pode entrar.
Asking for permission: May we talk to you for a minute, sir?

Nós podemos falar com o senhor por um minuto?
Giving permission or not: Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
Sim, vocês podem. / Não, vocês não podem.
And now you know how to use the modal verb may.

196
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Must
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning to the main verb.
Modal verbs will follow the same sentence structure in the affirmative, negative, and interrogative
forms, as you can see in the following table.
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
Must is used in the affirmative form to express obligation or necessity.

For example:
MODAL VERB MUST

Obligation/Necessity
You must pay your taxes.

Você tem que pagar seus impostos.
You must be eighteen to drive in some countries.

Você tem que ter dezoito anos para dirigir em alguns países.

197
Modal Verb Must
It can also be used to make assumptions or deductions in the affirmative form. Have a look:
MODAL VERB MUST

Assumption/Deduction
John’s son was born. He must be very happy. It must be nice to be rich.
O filho do John nasceu. Ele deve estar muito feliz. Deve ser legal ser rico.
In the negative form, however, must is used to express prohibition. We generally

use the contracted form, mustn’t. If you wish to emphasize the prohibition, use
must not. For example:
MODAL VERB MUST

Prohibition
You must not ( mustn’t) drink and drive.

Você não pode beber e dirigir.
Visitors must not ( mustn’t) cross this line. This is a restricted area.
Os visitantes não podem cruzar esta linha. Esta é uma área restrita.
Must is rarely used in the interrogative form, but it can be used to confirm or to
double-check duties and obligations. For instance:
MODAL VERB MUST

Confirm and Double-check Duties and Obligation
Must I take the exam today? I didn’t know that.

Eu tenho que fazer a prova hoje? Eu não sabia disso.
Eu sou obrigado a fazer a prova hoje? Eu não sabia disso.
Mustn’t you be at the job interview at 9h? It’s 8:30h already.

Você não tem que estar na entrevista de emprego às 9h? Já são 8:30h.
Você não tem a obrigação de estar na entrevista às 9h? Já são 8:30h.
And this is how you use the modal verb must.

198
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Should
Modal verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning
to the main verb.
Modal verbs will follow the same sentence structure in the affirmative, negative,
and interrogative forms. Check the following table to see how it works:
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form

199
Modal Verb Should
The modal verb should has different uses. One of the most frequent is to give advice or
recommendations. For example:
MODAL VERB SHOULD

Advice and Recommendation
You should check the airline policies before you pack.

Você deve verificar as políticas da companhia aérea antes de fazer as malas.
You shouldn’t drink so much coffee.

Você não deve beber tanto café.
Depending on the context, sentences with the modal verb should can be understood
as a polite way to talk about obligations and duties. Have a look at some examples:
MODAL VERB SHOULD

Expressing Obligations and Duties
You should clean your room. People should respect other people’s choices.
Você deve limpar o seu quarto. As pessoas devem respeitar as escolhas de outras pessoas.
(It’s your responsibility). (It’s a social rule).
In some other cases, should expresses that something is probable because it is logical or normal,
that is, you refer to a deduction. For instance:
MODAL VERB SHOULD

Deductions
She left home half an hour ago. She should be arriving.

Ela saiu de casa meia hora atrás. Ela deve estar chegando.
(It’s a deduction based on the time she left her house and how far her home is from here).
The singer should launch her new album next month.

A cantora deve lançar o seu novo álbum mês que vem.
(Deduction based on behavior or clues).

200
Modal Verb Should
When talking about modals, the meaning we want to convey
depends on the context. The same sentence may have different
meanings. Compare:
MODAL VERB SHOULD

Different Meanings Depending on the Context
You should get here before noon.

Você deve chegar aqui antes de meio-dia.
• It could be a piece of advice

• Poderia ser um conselho
• It could be your duty

• Poderia ser sua obrigação
• It could be the speaker’s expectation

• Poderia ser uma expectativa do falante
And this is how you use the modal verb should.

201
Grammar
GuideModal Verb Would
Modal Verbs are also known as modal auxiliary verbs because they add meaning to the main
verb. They express possibility, probability, ability, permission, assumption, obligation, or
prohibition.
The structure of the modal verbs follows the same pattern. Check the following table.
MODAL VERBS
Sentence Structure
Affirmative Form
Negative Form
Interrogative Form
In some cases, the modal verb would is used as a softer and less definitive form of the modal will,
or as the past of will when we are reporting sentences.
Expressing hypothesis is one of the most common uses of the modal verb would. And since it is
used to express hypothetical situations, you’ll see that it is used in many conditional sentences.
In such cases, we’ll use a clause with would to refer to unreal or uncertain situations together with
an if-clause.

202
Modal Verb Would
MODAL VERB WOULD

Hypothesis
If I had a lot of money, I would travel the world.

Se eu tivesse muito dinheiro, viajaria pelo mundo.
(I don’t have a lot of money. So, traveling the world is just a hypothetical situation.)
Would you invite your boss for your birthday?

Você convidaria o seu chefe para o seu aniversário?
(The question is asked out of curiosity. It’s a hypothetical situation.)
If I were you, I wouldn’t go to the Caribbean now. It’s hurricane season.

Se eu fosse você, eu não iria para o Caribe agora. É temporada de furacão.
(It’s a hypothetical situation because I am not you, and I am not going to the Caribbean.)
We can also use would to make polite requests. If we observe it carefully, we’ll see that it’s still
a request made from a hypothetical perspective, but now you are actually asking something
from someone.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Polite Requests and Offers
Polite Requests Polite Offers
Would you help me with my project? Would you like some coffee?
Você me ajudaria com o meu projeto? Você aceitaria um café?
Would you go to the grocery store for me? Would you like me to drive you home?
Você iria ao supermercado para mim? Você gostaria que eu te levasse para casa?

203
Modal Verb Would
Would is also used to talk about a past habit or to express refusal in the past.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Talk about a past habit or express refusal in the past
I asked her what was going on, but she wouldn’t tell me.
Perguntei o que estava acontecendo, mas ela não quis me dizer.
(I asked her in the past and she refused to tell me.)
When I was younger, I would argue with my brother all the time.
Quando eu era mais novo, eu discutia com meu irmão o tempo todo.
(It was a typical behavior in the past.)
We can use would in expressions too. Would rather is used to say we prefer
one thing to another. Most of the time, we use the contracted form, which is I’d
rather.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Expressions – Would Rather
I’d rather stay home tonight. I’m tired.

Eu prefiro ficar em casa hoje à noite. Estou cansado(a).
Another commonly used expression with would is “would mind.” We use it to ask for favors or permission.
But the structure is a bit different. Check it out in the following box.
MODAL VERB WOULD

Expressions – Would Mind
Asking for a favor Asking for permission
Would you mind opening the window? Would you mind if I opened the window?
Você se importaria de abrir a janela? Você se importaria se eu abrisse a janela?
(Would you mind + verb in the -ING form) (Would you mind if + subject + verb in the past)
And this is how you use the modal verb would.

204
Grammar
GuidePrepositions of Place
Prepositions of place are used to indicate direction, location, and spatial relations. Prepositions
of place tell us where one thing is in relation to other things.
The most common prepositions of place are IN, ON, and AT.
PREPOSITIONS OF PL ACE
I work on the 26th floor at 205 Oak Avenue, in New Jersey.

Trabalho no 26º andar na avenida Oak 205, em Nova Jersey.
IN is used to talk about places and PREPOSITIONS OF PL ACE – IN

larger areas such as geographic
locations, countries, states, cities,
and neighborhoods. It also refers to I live in South America.
a position inside large areas and in Eu moro na América do Sul.
three-dimensional spaces.
The keys are in the drawer.

As chaves estão na gaveta.
Check out some other common phrases with the preposition of place IN.
IN – COMMON USES
in the car in the room

no carro no quarto/cômodo
in town / in the city in the book

na cidade no livro
in school (as a student) in the hospital (as a patient)

na escola (como aluno) no hospital (como paciente)
in church (involved in church service) in the church (inside the physical place)
na igreja (envolvido em serviços religiosos) na igreja (dentro do espaço físico)

205
Prepositions of Place
When we use AT as a preposition of place, it
PREPOSITIONS OF PL ACE – AT
indicates a position at a point; that’s why we use
AT to specify a detailed location or to inform an
address. I’m at the Empire State.
You’ll also use AT if you say the name of a place, Estou no Empire State.
like buildings and organizations, and also for events,
such as parties or concerts.
I’m at the door.
Estou na porta.
Check out some common phrases with AT as a preposition of place.
AT – COMMON USES
at school/college/university (in the building) at the hospital (in the building; working or visiting)
na escola/faculdade/universidade ( no prédio) no hospital ( no prédio; trabalhando ou visitando)
at home at the party/concert/movies

em casa na festa / no show / no cinema
at the bus stop at the subway station

no ponto de ônibus na estação de metrô
at the beginning of (the street) at the end of (the street)

no começo (da rua) no final (da rua)
The preposition of place ON is used to talk about a position on a

surface, such as a road, a street, a bed, or even a page, and it’s also
used for means of transportation on which you can stand while
inside, such as a bus.
PREPOSITIONS OF PL ACE – ON
You’ll find this information on page 10.

Você encontrará essa informação na página 10.
The Walk of Fame is on Hollywood Boulevard.

A calçada da fama fica no Hollywood Boulevard.

206
Check out some common uses of ON as a preposition of place.
ON – COMMON USES
to walk on the street to drive on the road/highway

andar na rua dirigir numa rodovia/estrada
to be/sit on the bed / on the chair / on the floor to be on the table/desk

estar/sentar na cama / na cadeira / no chão estar sobre a mesa/escrivaninha
to be on the bus/subway/airplane to post on social media

estar no ônibus/metrô/avião postar numa rede social
There are other prepositions used to

indicate directions and locations.
Above and Below
Above indicates that something is in a
higher position, and below indicates
that something in a lower place or São Paulo is 700 meters above sea level.
position. São Paulo fica 700 metros acima do nível do mar.
Parts of Amsterdam are below sea level.

Partes de Amsterdam estão abaixo do nível do mar.
Across from means that something is directly opposite to something else, such
as on the other side of the street. In front of means further forward or facing
someone or something. Behind means at the back.
Across from, In Front of, Behind
The Renwick Gallery is across from the White House.

A galeria Renwick fica em frente (do outro lado da rua) da Casa Branca.
Protesters were in front of the White House.

Os manifestantes estavam em frente à Casa Branca.
Don’t look now. He is behind you.

Não olhe agora. Ele está atrás de você.

207
Under means the same as below. The difference is that it’s
normally used to refer to something that is covered or protected
by something.
Under
Your flip flops are under the bed.

Seus chinelos estão embaixo da cama.
We are all under the same sky.

Estamos todos sob o mesmo céu.
Beside means on the side, between means in the middle of two things, and among means surrounded by things.
Beside, Between, Among
The Westminster Abbey is beside the Big Ben.

A Abadia de Westminster fica ao lado do Big Ben.
There’s a cat between dogs. There’s a dog among the stuffed animals.
Tem um gato entre cachorros. Tem um cachorro entre os bichos de pelúcia.

208
If we want to indicate distance, we can use near, or close to, for short distances,
and far from for long distances.
Near, Close to, Far from
The restaurant is near the hotel. / The restaurant is close to the hotel.
O restaurante é perto do hotel.
The art museum is far from the hotel.

O museu de arte é longe do hotel.
Notice that, if you don’t choose the appropriate preposition, the sentence might still
be grammatically correct, but it may not send the right message.
That’s why it’s important to understand prepositions in context so you can practice
and use them to refer to different things in different situations.
And now you know how to use prepositions of place.

209
Grammar
GuideInterrogative Form
Interrogative sentences in English follow some basic structures.
In a sentence with the verb to be as the main verb in the simple present or the
simple past, there is no need to use an auxiliary verb. Therefore, the sentence
will have the following structure: the verb to be as the main verb, the subject,
and the complement.
Sentences that have one auxiliary or modal verb are made by placing the
auxiliary right before the subject, and then the main verb, which may be
followed by a complement.
In the case of verb forms that have more than one auxiliary, the structure is the
first auxiliary verb, the subject, and then the second or third auxiliary verbs,
followed by the main the verb and a complement, if necessary.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Structures
Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (Simple Present and Simple Past)

Verbo To Be + Sujeito + Complemento (Simple Present and Simple Past)
Auxiliary or Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement (if necessary)

Verbo Auxiliar ou Modal Verb + Sujeito + Verbo Principal + Complemento (se necessário)
First Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Other Auxiliaries + Main Verb +

Complement (if necessary)
Primeiro Verbo Auxiliar + Sujeito + Outros Auxiliares + Verbo Principal +
Complemento (se necessário)

210
Interrogative Form
Check out some examples with these structures. In verb forms such as the simple present and
the simple past, in which the verb to be is the main verb, we don’t need an auxiliary to ask a
question.
Verb forms with the verb to be as the main verb (simple present and simple past)
Structure: Verb To Be + Subject + Complement
Is she a lawyer?
Ela é advogada?
Were you home last night?

Você estava em casa na noite passada?
However, in the case of verb forms in which the main verb is not
the verb to be, one auxiliary verb or a modal verb is required.
Verb forms with other verbs as the main verb
Structure: Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Complement (if necessary)
Does she work as a lawyer? ( main verb: work)

Ela trabalha como advogada?
(The verb to do works as an auxiliary, and the sentence is in the simple present)
Did you do your homework? ( main verb: do)

Você fez sua lição de casa?
(The verb to do works as an auxiliary, and the sentence is in the simple past)
Can you help me? ( main verb: help)

Você pode me ajudar?
(The modal verb can works as an auxiliary, and the sentence is in the simple present)
Are you studying for the test? ( main verb: study in the -ING form)
Você está estudando para a prova?
(The verb to be works as an auxiliary, and the sentence is in the present continuous)

211
Interrogative Form
Depending on the verb form, there may be more than one auxiliary verb before the main verb, which is
the case of the present perfect continuous.
Verbs forms with more than one auxiliary verb
Structure: First Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Other Auxiliaries +

Main Verb + Complement (if necessary)
Have you been studying for the test? ( main verb: study in the -ING form)
Você tem estudado para a prova?
(The verb to have works as the first auxiliary, and the verb to be in the past participle, as the second)
Have you been waiting for a long time? ( main verb: wait in the -ING form)
Você está esperando há muito tempo?
(The verb to have works as the first auxiliary, and the verb to be in the past participle, as the second)
Notice that in English when someone asks a question using auxiliaries, we can give a long or a short
answer, and to give a short answer we need to use an auxiliary verb.
Long and short answers
Question Full Answer Short Answer Wrong Answer
Do you like chocolate? Yes, I like chocolate. Yes, I do. Yes, I like.
Você gosta de chocolate? Sim, eu gosto de chocolate. Sim, eu gosto.
And this is how we use the interrogative form in English.

Now, you know its basic sentence structure.

212
Grammar
GuideNouns
Nouns are used to refer to people or things. They vary in number,
which means they have singular and plural forms.
NOUNS
Singular and Plural
My cat is lazy.
Meu gato é preguiçoso.
My cats are lazy.

Meus gatos são preguiçosos
There are countable and uncountable nouns. The noun “cat” is countable, since
you can count cats and quantify them, such as in “one cat,” “two cats,” “three
cats,” and so on.
And there are uncountable nouns, which means that we cannot use numbers
to quantify them. Let’s take the noun “water” as an example. We don’t say “one
water,” “two waters,” “three waters,” etc.
However, we can express an amount by using quantifiers such as a lot of.
Check it out:
NOUNS
Countable and Uncountable
I have three cats.

Eu tenho três gatos.
(countable noun = there are singular and plural forms)
It’s important to drink a lot of water.

É importante beber muita água.
(uncountable noun = there is no plural form)

213
Nouns
Although it’s not common in English, nouns may vary in gender,
which means that they will have a different form when referring to
male or female people or animals.
Most nouns in English do not vary in gender, as it happens to the
noun “student.” But others do, such as the nouns “actor” and
“actress.” Yet, it is worth noting that nowadays, neutral forms are
usually preferred.
NOUNS
Gender variation
John is a good student. Mary is a great student.

John é um bom aluno. Mary é uma boa aluna.
(The noun “student” doesn’t vary in gender: whether referring to male or female, it remains the same).
John is a good actor. Mary is a great actress.

John é um bom ator. Mary é uma boa atriz.
(The noun “actor” varies in gender: We use “actor” to refer to men and “actress” for women).
Nouns can be classified as proper or common.

Proper nouns are the names of people, pets, or places, for example.
They are capitalized, and in most cases, not preceded by articles.
NOUNS
Proper Nouns
People’s Names Pets’ Names Names of Places
George Max Brazil

John Bella New York
Mary Archie London
Kate Luna Hollywood

214
Nouns
Common nouns are used to designate generic people, animals, things, or ideas.
NOUNS
Common Nouns
People Animals Things/Places Ideas/Feelings
child dog house love

criança cachorro casa amor
man cat city security

homem gato cidade segurança
student bird country opinion

estudante pássaro país opinião
It is also possible to classify nouns as concrete or abstract.

Concrete nouns refer to things we can touch or see, material
objects, whereas abstract nouns refer to things that are not
material, such as feelings, emotions, situations, and ideas.
NOUNS
Concrete and Abstract
Concrete Nouns Abstract Nouns
phone freedom
telefone liberdade
table dream
mesa sonho
food passion
comida paixão
Now you know what a noun is, its characteristics, and some categories.

215
Grammar
GuidePlural Nouns
Plural nouns are words that show there is more than one person, animal, thing,
place, or idea, and, because of that, they require verbs in the plural.
PLURAL NOUNS
Singular Plural
Her daughter is beautiful. Her daughters are beautiful.

A filha dela é bonita. As filhas dela são bonitas.
In English, as a general rule to form the plural of nouns, in most

cases you simply add –S at the end of the noun.
PLURAL NOUNS
General Rule: Add –S
Singular Plural
cat cats
gato gatos
bike bikes
bicicleta bicicletas
car cars
carro carros

216
Plural Nouns
For nouns ending in –S, –X, –Z, –SH, and –CH, add –ES at the end.
PLURAL NOUNS
Nouns ending in –S, –X, –Z, –SH, –CH: add –ES
Singular Plural
bus buses
ônibus ônibus
tax taxes
imposto impostos
watch watches
relógio relógios
The nouns ending in –O can either have their plural form ending in –S or –ES,
and some can be spelled either way. As a general rule, we add –S to make the
plural of most nouns ending in –O.
PLURAL NOUNS
Nouns ending in –O
Add –S Add –ES
piano pianos tomato tomatoes

piano pianos tomate tomates
studio studios potato potatoes

estúdio estúdios batata batatas
hero heroes
Add –S or –ES herói heróis
mango mangos/mangoes
manga mangas
volcano volcanos/volcanoes
vulcão vulcões
tornado tornados/tornadoes
tornado tornados

217
Plural Nouns
Nouns ending in –F or –FE will present variations in the plural form as well. In most cases, we replace the
end with –VES. However, some cases follow the general rule for plural, and –S is added at the end.
PLURAL NOUNS
Nouns ending in –F or –FE
Replace –F or –FE with –VES Add –S
wife wives sheriff sheriffs

esposa esposas xerife xerifes
wolf wolves giraffe giraffes

lobo lobos girafa girafas
For nouns ending in –Y, check if the –Y is preceded by a consonant or a vowel

because this is what will define the plural form.
For the nouns ending in consonant + Y, drop the –Y and add –IES. As for the
ones ending in vowel + Y, just add –S.
PLURAL NOUNS
Nouns ending in –Y
Consonant + Y Vowel + Y
Replace –Y with –IES Add –S
city – cities boy – boys

cidade – cidades menino – meninos
lady – ladies day – days

senhora – senhoras dia – dias

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Plural Nouns
There are some nouns that have an irregular plural form. In these cases, the nouns may have their basic
form completely changed. The ones mostly used are in the following table.
PLURAL NOUNS
Irregular Plural Forms
Singular Plural Singular Plural
child children tooth teeth

criança crianças dente dentes
person people foot feet

pessoa pessoas pé pés
woman women mouse mice

mulher mulheres camundongo camundongos
man men goose geese

homem homens ganso gansos
There are also some nouns that have the same form for the singular
and plural. In these cases, we’ll understand if it’s singular or plural by
the context.
PLURAL NOUNS
Nouns that keep the same form
I’d like fish and chips, please.

Quero peixe e fritas, for favor.
We saw some beautiful fish when we were scuba diving.

Vimos alguns peixes bonitos quando estávamos mergulhando.
Now you know some rules and how to use the plural.
But remember: When in doubt, research!

219
Grammar
GuideUncountable Nouns
Countable and
Nouns can be either countable or uncountable.
Countable nouns are the ones that we can count; thus, they have a plural form.
COUNTABLE NOUNS
There’s a cat in the garden.

Tem um gato no jardim.
(a cat: indefinite article + countable noun in the singular)
There are two cats at my front door.

Tem dois gatos na minha porta da frente.
(two cats: cardinal number + countable noun in the plural)
There were many cats at the adoption fair.

Havia muitos gatos na feira de adoção.
(many cats: quantifier + countable noun in the plural)
Before countable nouns we can use the indefinite article or cardinal numbers to
specify the exact amount we are referring to.
However, if we don’t know or don’t want to mention an exact amount, we can
also use quantifiers to express the idea of quantity. Some quantifiers can only be
used with countable nouns, such as few to express small quantities, and many
to express large quantities.

220
Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Let’s see an example in which we refer to people, which is a countable noun with an irregular plural.
COUNTABLE NOUNS
Quantifiers
Small amount Large amount
There are few people at the beach. There are many people at the beach.
Há poucas pessoas na praia. Há muitas pessoas na praia.
Uncountable nouns are the ones you cannot count, and for this
reason they do not have a plural form.
They are usually abstract ideas, liquids, grains, gases, or natural
phenomena. As we usually treat uncountable nouns as singular nouns,
we do not use the indefinite article with them, since the indefinite
article means one.
It is important to notice that the concept of countable and

uncountable nouns is present in several languages, but the words
that are considered countable or uncountable may vary widely from
one language to the other.
In English, the nouns “travel,” “advice,” “information,” “baggage,” and
“work” are uncountable. However, if you need to count them, there
are some strategies you can use.

221
The first one is to use countable nouns with a similar meaning.
UNCOUNTABLE AND COUNTABLE NOUNS

Similar meanings
Uncountable Countable
travel a journey/trip
viagem uma jornada/viagem
baggage/luggage a bag/suitcase/backpack
bagagem uma bolsa/maleta/mochila
work a job/project/task
trabalho um trabalho/projeto / uma tarefa
advice a recommendation
conselho uma recomendação
money dollars/euros/reais/yens
dinheiro dólares/euros/reais/ienes
This strategy may not work every time, though. You may not want to use a similar
word, or maybe there isn’t a similar word that fits the context.
In such cases, you can use a quantifier. The most frequent way to quantify
uncountable nouns is to use either some or (a) piece of before these nouns.
The expression piece of can be used with not only the indefinite article (a piece of)
meaning one, but also with cardinal numbers (two pieces of).
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
some and (a) piece of
Some + Uncountable Noun

Can you give me some advice?
Você pode me dar alguns conselhos?

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Indefinite Article + Piece of + Uncountable Noun

Can you give me a piece of advice?
Você pode me dar um conselho?
Cardinal Number + Piece of + Uncountable Noun

Can you give me two/three/four pieces of advice?
Você pode me dar dois/três/quatro conselhos?
Check some other examples with some and a piece of used with uncountable nouns.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
some and (a) piece of
Equipment – some equipment; a piece of equipment; two pieces of equipment

Equipamento – alguns equipamentos; um equipamento; dois equipamentos
Furniture – some furniture; a piece of furniture; two pieces of furniture

Móvel – alguns móveis; um móvel; dois móveis
Information – some information; a piece of information; two pieces of information

Informação – algumas informações; uma informação; duas informações
News – some news; a piece of news; two pieces of news

Notícia – algumas notícias; uma notícia; duas notícias

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Regarding moods and feelings, it’s not possible to use a piece of, but it’s possible to
use quantifiers, such as much, some, or little.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Quantifiers
I’ve been under too much pressure lately.

Tenho estado sob muita pressão ultimamente.
I feel a bit frustrated, but I see some hope for the future.
Eu me sinto um pouco frustrado, mas vejo alguma esperança no futuro.
I’d gladly accept a little help from my friends.

Eu aceitaria de bom grado um pouco de ajuda dos meus amigos.
When referring to gases, grains, and liquids, we can count them by using a
unit of measurement, such as kilos, liters, or ounces. We can also count the
containers in which they have been packed.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Units of measurement or containers
Water – liters/bottles/gallons of water

Água – litros/garrafas/galões de água
Rice – kilos/pounds/packs of rice

Arroz – quilos/libras/sacos de arroz
Sugar – cubes/spoons/cups of sugar

Açúcar – torrões/colheres/xícaras de açúcar
Now you know the most frequent countable and uncountable nouns
and how they can be quantified.

224
Grammar
GuideWill
The modal verb will is mostly used to refer to the future. As all modal verbs,
it functions as an auxiliary verb, adding meaning to the main verb.
Check the structures for the affirmative, interrogative, and negative forms.
WILL
Structure
Affirmative
She will go to college next year.

Ela vai para a faculdade ano que vem.
Subject + Will + Main Verb in the Base Form +

Negative
Will you talk to her?

Você vai falar com ela?
Will + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +

Interrogative
It won’t rain.
Não vai chover.
Subject + Will + Not (Won’t) + Main Verb in the Base Form +


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Will
Will is commonly used to express willingness and decisions about
the future that we make at the moment we speak.
WILL
Uses
Willingness and Decisions
I’ll (I + will) get the door.

Eu vou abrir a porta.
I will quit smoking.

Eu vou parar de fumar.
In the interrogative, we can use will to tell people what to do or to

make proposals. We can also use it for promises in affirmative and
negative sentences.
WILL
Uses
Tell people what to do
Will you behave now?

Você vai se comportar agora?
Make an offer / a proposal
Will you marry me?

Você quer se casar comigo?
Promises
I will always be with you.

Eu sempre estarei com você.

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Will
It can be used to express refusal in the negative form.
WILL
Uses
Refusal
I won’t (will + not) talk to her.

Eu não vou falar com ela.
She won’t talk to anybody.

Ela não vai falar com ninguém.
Will is also used to refer to things that are inevitable.
WILL
Inevitability
You’ll have to attend driving classes to get your driver’s license.

Você terá que fazer aulas de direção para tirar a carteira de motorista.
Now you know that will is a modal auxiliary verb,

and you are familiar with its structures and common uses.

227
Grammar
GuideFuture Continuous
The future continuous is used to say that something will happen in the future
and continue for an expected period of time.
Check the structure of the future continuous in affirmative, negative,
and interrogative sentences.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Structure
Affirmative Form
Subject + Will + Be + Main Verb in the -ING Form +
I will be traveling tomorrow morning.

Eu estarei viajando amanhã de manhã.
Negative Form
Subject + Will + Not (Won’t) + Be + Main Verb in the -ING Form +
I won’t be traveling.
Eu não estarei viajando.
Interrogative Form
Will+ Subject + Be + Main Verb in the -ING Form +
Will you be traveling?

Você estará viajando?

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Future Continuous
The future continuous is used to project future actions, make
predictions, and refer to previously fixed events.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Uses
Project Future Actions
Next week, I will be drinking margaritas by the pool.

Semana que vem, estarei bebendo margaritas na piscina.
Predictions
He will be feeling happy when he returns home.

Ele estará se sentindo feliz quando voltar pra casa.
Referring to Previously Fixed Events
I will be speaking at the next annual conference.

Me apresentarei na próxima conferência anual.
When the future continuous is used with still, it refers to events that are already
happening now, and that are expected to continue in the future.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Uses
Global temperatures will still be rising in ten years.

As temperaturas globais ainda estarão aumentando dentro de dez anos.
(The temperatures are already rising, and, in the future, this is expected to continue.)
(As temperaturas já estão aumentando e, no futuro, espera-se que continuem a aumentar.)

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Future Continuous
Going to can also be used in the future continuous.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Going to
I can’t go with you because I’m going to be running that marathon I told you about.
Não posso ir com você porque estarei correndo naquela maratona de que eu te falei.
Now you know more about the future continuous,

its structure, and common uses.

230
Grammar
GuidePresent Continuous
The present continuous is mainly used to talk about actions and events in
progress at the moment or about temporary states or situations that are true at
the moment of speaking.
The basic structure of the present continuous is the verb to be, which works as
an auxiliary, and a main verb in the -ING form. The verb to be will be conjugated
according to the subject. Take a look at its structure:
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Structure
Affirmative
Subject + To Be + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
I am watching a movie.
Eu estou assistindo a um filme.
Negative
Subject + To Be + Not + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
I am not hearing you.

Eu não estou te ouvindo.
Interrogative
To Be + Subject + Verb in the -ING Form + Complement
Are you taking your pills?

Você está tomando os seus remédios?

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Present Continuous
The present continuous can also be used to describe
actions that are repeated or frequent, but that we
believe to be a temporary situation, different from our
routine.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Repeated Temporary Actions and Events
I am working a lot this week.

Estou trabalhando muito nesta semana.
We can use the present continuous to talk about

changes that take time.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Gradual Change
It’s getting easier every day.

Está ficando mais fácil a cada dia.
The present continuous is also used to talk about future

events that have been previously arranged or planned.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Future
I am getting married next week.

Vou me casar na próxima semana.
Some verbs are not used in the continuous form,

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
even if they refer to temporary situations or things
Non-progressive Verbs
that are happening now. They are called non-
progressive verbs, and they express feelings, like
the verbs to love and to hate; mental states and I like this book.
opinions, like the verbs to believe, to guess, and to NOT: I am liking this book.
agree; and senses, like the verbs to see and to hear. Eu gosto desse livro.

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Present Continuous
Some of these non-progressive verbs can be used with continuous forms,
but they will have different meanings.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Non-progressive Verbs in Continuous Forms: Different Meaning
I see someone at the door.

Eu estou vendo alguém na porta.
I am seeing someone.
Eu estou saindo com alguém.
I have two pieces of luggage.

Eu tenho duas malas.
I am having breakfast at the hotel restaurant.

Eu estou tomando café da manhã no restaurante do hotel.
Now you know what the present continuous is all about: you’ve seen its
structure, some examples, and how to properly use it.

233
Grammar
Guide-ING Forms
Spelling Rules:
There are spelling rules for the -ING form in English, which means that
the way we write the verbs will change according to certain rules.
The general rule for the -ING form is that you just add the suffix -ING.
SPELLING RULES: -ING FORMS

General Rule – Add -ING.
watch watching
assistir assitindo
do doing
fazer fazendo
There are also some special cases. If the verb ends in an E, drop the
E and add -ING.

Special Cases
Verbs ending in -E Drop the -E and add -ING
take taking
pegar; levar pegando; levando
make making
fazer fazendo

234
Spelling Rules: -ING Forms
When the verb has one syllable and ends in CVC, that means, consonant plus
vowel plus consonant, we will usually double the last consonant and add -ING.

Special Cases
One-syllable verbs Double the last consonant

ending in CVC and add -ING
run running
correr correndo
get getting
pegar pegando
swim swimming
nadar nadando
However, if the one-syllable verb that ends in CVC finishes in W, X, or Y,

there will be no double consonant, we will just add -ING.

Special Cases
CVC ending in Y, W, and X Add -ING
enjoy enjoying
gostar; aproveitar gostando; aproveitando
show showing
mostrar mostrando
fix fixing
consertar consertando

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Spelling Rules: -ING Forms
In the case of two-syllable verbs ending in CVC, there are two rules.
If they end in a stressed syllable, we’ll double the last consonant and add -ING.
If the last syllable is unstressed, we’ll just add -ING.

Two-syllable Verbs Ending in CVC
Last syllable is stressed
commit committing
(se comprometer) (se comprometendo)
Last syllable is unstressed
whisper whispering
(sussurrar) (sussurrando)
For the verbs ending in IE, we replace IE with Y and add -ING.

Special Cases
Ending in IE Change IE for Y and add -ING
die dying
morrer morrendo
lie lying
mentir mentindo
tie tying
amarrar amarrando
Now you know the spelling rules for the -ING forms.

236
Grammar
GuideWhat
Question Word
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. In this grammar
guide, we’ll focus on the question word what, which is used to ask general
questions.
In most cases, the structure of direct and indirect questions follows this pattern:
QUESTION WORD WHAT

Direct and Indirect Questions
What is your favorite color?

Qual é a sua cor favorita?
(Direct Question: Question Word + Interrogative Form)
Tell me what your favorite color is.

Diga-me qual é a sua cor favorita.
(Indirect Question: Question Word + Affirmative Form)
But when we ask direct questions with the question word what, there are three
possible structures.
QUESTION WORD WHAT

Structure – Direct Questions
1. What + Interrogative Form
2. What + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement
3. What + Noun + Interrogative Form

237
Question Word What
Let’s analyze each structure, starting with the first one, which is the question
word what followed by an interrogative form. This structure can be used with
any verb form.
Let’s see some examples:
QUESTION WORD WHAT

What + Interrogative Form
What does she want for breakfast?

O que ela quer de café da manhã?
(Simple Present: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form+ Complement)
What did you do yesterday?

O que você fez ontem?
(Simple Past: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form + Complement)
What were you doing last week?

O que você estava fazendo semana passada?
(Past Continuous: Question Word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement)
What have you been doing lately?

O que você tem feito ultimamente?
(Present Perfect: Question Word + 1st Auxiliary + Subject + 2nd Auxiliary +

Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement)
What would you do with a million dollars?

O que você faria com um milhão de dólares?
(Simple Present: Question Word + Modal Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in its Base Form + Complement)

238
Question Word What
It is important to notice that the structure what + interrogative form will never be used for
questions about the subject of the sentence. When we follow this structure, it means that the
subject is included in the given question.
Let’s take a closer look:
QUESTION WORD WHAT

What + Interrogative Form
What does she want for breakfast?

O que ela quer de café da manhã?
She wants eggs and toast.

Ela quer ovos e torradas.
(The question is not about who performs the action, but about what the person
wants. The subject “she” is part of the question. The core answer is “eggs and toast.”)
(Não tem relação com o sujeito, mas com o que o sujeito quer fazer.
O sujeito “ela” é parte da pergunta. A resposta central é “ovos e torradas”.)
What were you doing last week?

O que você estava fazendo semana passada?
I was traveling.
Eu estava viajando.
(It’s not about who was performing the action, but what the person was doing.
The subject “you,” which is part of the question, becomes “I” in the answer.
And the core answer is “traveling.”)
(Não tem relação com quem estava fazendo a ação, mas com o que a pessoa estava
fazendo. O sujeito “você”, que é parte da pergunta, vira “eu” na resposta.
A resposta central é “viajando”.)

239
Question Word What
But it is possible to ask questions with the question word what to learn about the subject of a sentence.
In such cases, we will use the structure: What + Verb in The Third Person Singular + Complement.
Check the following examples:
QUESTION WORD WHAT

What + Verb in Third Person Singular (+ Complement)
What makes you happy? Spending time with my family makes me happy.
O que deixa você feliz? Passar tempo com a minha família me deixa feliz.
(The core answer is “spending time with my family,” which is the subject of the answer and is not
part of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “makes.”)
(A resposta central é “passar tempo com a minha família”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz parte da
pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “makes”, deixa.)
There are so many people here. What’s happening?

Tem tanta gente aqui. O que está acontecendo?
A music festival (is happening here).

Um festival de música (está acontecendo aqui).
(The core answer is “a music festival,” which is the subject of the answer and is not part
of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “is.”)
(A resposta central é “um festival de música”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz parte
da pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “is”, está.)
What’s bothering them?

O que está incomodando-os?
Not having money to pay their bills (is bothering them).

Não ter dinheiro para pagar as suas contas (está incomodando-os).
(The core answer is “not having money to pay their bills,” which is the subject of the answer and is
not part of the question. That is why the verb in question is in the third person singular “is.”)
(A resposta central é “não ter dinheiro para pagar suas contas”, que é o sujeito da resposta e não faz
parte da pergunta. Por isso o verbo da pergunta está na terceira pessoa do singular “is”, está.)

240
Question Word What
Let’s take a closer look and analyze the structure of the examples
we have previously seen.
QUESTION WORD WHAT
(1) (2) (3)

What + Verb in the Third Person Singular + Complement (if necessary)
(1) (2) (3)

What makes you happy?
(1) (2)
What’s happening?
(1) (2) (3)

What’s bothering them?
If you want to ask a more specific question using what, place a noun right after
the question word.
QUESTION WORD WHAT

What + Noun + Interrogative Form
What time do you usually wake up?

A que horas você geralmente acorda?
(What + time = used to ask about the hour)
What kind of music do you like?

De que tipo de música você gosta?
(What + kind = used to ask about the specific type of a thing)
What size do you need?

De que tamanho você precisa?
(What + size = used to ask about size)

241
Question Word What
There are still some special cases, such as what + about. It is used
to make an offer or to ask about your opinion or how you feel about
something.
QUESTION WORD WHAT

Special Cases – What About
What about going to the movies?

Que tal irmos ao cinema?
Great idea.
Ótima ideia.
How are you?

Como vai você?
I’m fine, thanks. What about you?

Eu estou bem. E você?
In informal conversations, there are some common

expressions with the question word what.
QUESTION WORD WHAT

Expressions
What’s up?
E aí?
What now?
O que agora?

242
Question Word What
The question word what can also be used in exclamations to express surprise,
shock, or emotions. In this case, we use: what + an article + (an adjective) +
a noun. We may or may not include the adjective, but the noun must always be
there in exclamations with what.
QUESTION WORD WHAT

Exclamations
Structure: What + Article + (Adjective) + Noun
What a (beautiful) place!

Que lugar (bonito)!
(What + Article “a” + (Adjective “beautiful”) + Noun “place”)
What a great song!

Que música ótima!
(What + Article “a” + Adjective “great” + Noun “song”)
What a ( nice) gesture!

Que gesto (legal)!
(What + Article “a” + (Adjective “nice”) + Noun “gesture)
What a song!
Que música!
(What + Article “a” + Noun “song”)
Now you know different ways in which you can use the question word what, the structure used
with different verb forms, as well as how to use it in exclamations and expressions.

243
Grammar
GuideWhen
Question Word
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. Common
question words include what, when, where, which, why, who, and how.
In this grammar guide, we’ll focus on the question word when, which is used to
ask or to explain at what occasion or moment something takes place.
QUESTION WORD WHEN
When
Quando
Check out some examples of when used in direct and indirect questions:
QUESTION WORD WHEN

When are you traveling?

Quando você viaja?
(Direct Question: When + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
Tell me when you are going to travel.

Me diga quando você vai viajar.
(Indirect Question: When + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
Could you tell me when you are going to travel?

Você poderia me dizer quando você vai viajar?
In general, the structure to make these interrogative sentences is the question

word when followed by the structure of the interrogative form, which can be
used with different verb forms.

244
Question Word When
In the simple forms, when the verb to be is the main verb of the sentence, there is no auxiliary.
For all the other verbs, you’ll need the auxiliary verb to make an interrogative sentence.
QUESTION WORD WHEN

Simple Forms – Simple Present and Simple Past
Structure: When + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement
When are you free?

Quando você está livre?
(are = simple present)
When was she born?

Quando ela nasceu?
(was = simple past)
Structure: When + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +
When does she have English classes?

Quando ela tem aulas de inglês?
(does = auxiliary for the simple present)
When did you start college?

Quando você começou a faculdade?
(did = auxiliary for the simple past)
We can use when with continuous forms such as the present continuous to
indicate actions in the future.
QUESTION WORD WHEN

Continuous Forms
Structure: When + Verb To Be + Subject + Main Verb in the –ING Form +

When are you moving to Italy?

Quando você se mudará para a Itália?

245
Question Word When
The same happens with perfect forms. It’s important to notice, though, that most
perfect forms do not refer to a specific point in time, so questions with perfect
forms are usually accompanied by an adverb of time. Check out the examples:
QUESTION WORD WHEN

Perfect Forms
PRESENT PERFECT
Structure: When + Verb To Have + Subject +
Main Verb in the Past Participle + Complement (if necessary)
When has she ever helped her parents?

Quando na vida ela ajudou seus pais?
(Rhetorical question reinforced by the adverb “ever”)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Structure: When + Verb To Have + Subject + Been +
Main Verb in the -ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
Since when have you been studying?

Desde quando você está estudando?
(The adverb “since” is used to ask about a starting point)
It’s important to notice that if we want to ask about the specific

time when an activity or event starts or ends, the preferred
question is “what time,” not “when.”
QUESTION WORDS
Specific Time
What time did you leave work yesterday?

A que horas você saiu do trabalho ontem?
When did you leave work yesterday?

Quando você saiu do trabalho ontem?
And now you know what a question word is and how to use the question
word when with different verb forms.

246
Grammar
GuideWhere
Question Word
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. Common question
words include what, when, where, which, why, who, and how. In this grammar
guide, we’ll focus on the question word where.
Where is used to ask questions about place.
QUESTION WORD WHERE
Where
Onde/Aonde
The question word where can be used in direct and indirect questions.
QUESTION WORD WHERE

Where is the subway station?

Onde é a estação de metrô?
(Direct Question: Where + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
I am asking you where the subway station is.

Eu estou te perguntando onde fica a estação de metrô.
Direct questions with where will follow the same pattern, regardless of the
verb form. The structure will be the question word where followed by the
interrogative form.

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Question Word Where
Take a look at the structure to use where with the simple present. Note that when
the main verb is the verb to be, there is no auxiliary verb. For all other verbs, the
auxiliary is necessary.
QUESTION WORD WHERE

Where + Interrogative
SIMPLE PRESENT
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
Where are you?

Onde você está?
Structure: Where + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Main Verb in the Base Form + Complement (if necessary)
Where do you work? Where does she work?

Onde você trabalha? Onde ela trabalha?
Questions with where in the simple past follow the same pattern of the simple
present. The only difference is that you’ll conjugate the verb to be or the auxiliary
verb in the past
QUESTION WORD WHERE

Where + Interrogative
SIMPLE PAST
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
Where were you?

Onde você estava?
Structure: Where + Auxiliary Verb + Subject +

Where did you go? Where did he go?

Aonde você foi? Aonde ele foi?

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Question Word Where
The question word where can also be used with continuous forms such as the
present and the past continuous.
QUESTION WORD WHERE

Continuous Forms
Where + Interrogative Form
PRESENT AND PAST
Structure: Where + Verb To Be + Subject +

Where are you going?

Aonde você está indo?
Where were you going last night when I arrived?

Aonde você estava indo ontem à noite quando cheguei?
It is possible to use where with perfect forms such as the present

perfect and the present perfect continuous.
QUESTION WORD WHERE

Perfect Forms
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
PRESENT PERFECT
A past action that is still relevant.

Uma ação passada que ainda é relevante.
Structure: Where + Verb To Have + Subject +

Where have you been?

Por onde você esteve?

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Question Word Where
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Action started in the past and still going on.

Ação iniciada no passado que ainda está acontecendo.
Structure: Where + Verb To Have + Subject + Been +

Where have you been working?

Onde você tem trabalhado?
Modal verbs can be used in questions with where. In this case, the modal verb
comes right after the question word.
QUESTION WORD WHERE

Modal Verbs
Structure: Where + Modal Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +
Where should we go on our next vacation?

Aonde devemos ir em nossas próximas férias?
(should = recommendation)
Where would you like to live?

Onde você gostaria de viver?
(would = hypothetical question)
Where can we find an ATM?

Onde podemos encontrar um caixa eletrônico?
(can = possibility)
In English, it is common to use where with verbs followed by prepositions that

express directions. When we use these prepositions, they are placed right after
the verb.
Two frequent prepositions used in questions with where are “to” and “from,”
since they typically follow verbs that express movement.

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Question Word Where
Check out some questions with the verbs to go and to come followed by these prepositions.
QUESTION WORD WHERE

Where + Verbs Followed by Prepositions
Where are you going (to)?

Para onde você está indo? / Aonde você está indo?
(The preposition is optional because the verb to go expresses movement toward a place
with or without the preposition.)
(A preposição é opcional porque ir o verbo ir indica movimento em direção a algum lugar,
com ou sem preposição.)
Where is she coming from?

De onde ela está vindo?
(The preposition is mandatory, otherwise the verb to come might not imply the idea of origin.)
(A preposição é obrigatória, caso contrário, o verbo vir pode não transmitir a ideia de origem.)
And now you know what a question word is and how to use the question
word where to ask indirect or direct questions with different verb forms.

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Grammar
GuideWhich
Question Word
Question words are used to ask direct and indirect questions. In this grammar
guide, we’ll talk about the question word which.
We use which to ask about specific information. As in some contexts which will
be interchangeable with the question word what, it’s important to highlight the
difference between these two question words.
The most important feature of which is that it’s used when there’s a limited
number of choices in mind.
QUESTION WORDS
What vs. Which
What’s your phone number?

Qual é o seu telefone?
(There are many possibilities. Country code, area code,
and several possible combinations of numbers.)
Which size do you want?

Que tamanho você quer?
(There are limited options, such as small, medium, or large.)
In English, when we ask direct questions with both which and what, it’s possible to use a noun
after the question word to make the question more specific.
Again, you’ll choose to use one or the other based on the range of options. Take a look at the
examples.
QUESTION WORDS
Which vs. What
I bought white and grey paint. Which color will you choose for your bedroom?
Eu comprei tinta branca e cinza. Qual cor você vai escolher para o seu quarto?
(Limited options = only two colors available: white and grey)

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Question Word Which
I’m trying to decide on the new color of our bedroom walls. What colors do you like?
Eu estou tentando decidir a cor das paredes do nosso quarto. De quais cores você gosta?
(Broader option = from all the colors, you can choose the ones you like)
Which can also be followed by a pronoun, usually because you don’t want to repeat the
options you have just given, and in such case, we’ll frequently use the pronoun one.
QUESTION WORD WHICH

Which + Pronoun
Structure: Which + Pronoun + Interrogative Form
Mr. Brown and Ms. Davenport are my favorite teachers.

O Sr. Brown e a Sra. Davenport são meus professores favoritos.
OK. But which one do you like the most?

O.k. Mas de qual deles você gosta mais?
(Replace “teacher” with “one” since the teachers were already mentioned.)
We can also use an object pronoun or a determiner right after

which, but in such case we’ll use which of. Check the examples.
QUESTION WORD WHICH

Which of
Which of us is going to sleep in the bigger bed?

Qual de nós vai dormir na cama maior?
Which of these jackets is yours?

Qual dessas jaquetas é sua?

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Question Word Which
The question word which can be used in direct and indirect questions. In direct questions, it
follows the interrogative form and structure, whereas in indirect questions we are reporting the
question or there’s a question within another question.
QUESTION WORD WHICH

Which dress do you prefer? The pink or the green?

Qual vestido você prefere? O rosa ou o verde?
(Direct Question: Which + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
Can you give me some suggestions on which museums I should visit in Berlin?
Você pode me dar algumas sugestões de quais museus eu devo visitar em Berlim?
(Indirect Question: Which + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
Now you know how to ask questions using the question word which, and know the
difference between what and which, their use and structure.

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Grammar
Guide
Question Word How
Common question words include what, when, where, which, why, who,
and how. In this grammar guide, we’ll focus on the question word how.
The question word how means “in what way” or “to what extent” and, like all
the other question words, it can be used in direct and indirect questions.
QUESTION WORD HOW

How are you feeling?

Como você está se sentindo?
(Direct Question: How + Structure of the Interrogative Form)
Can you tell me how you are feeling?

Você pode me dizer como está se sentindo?
(Indirect Question: How + Structure of the Affirmative Form)
The structure for direct questions is the question word followed by the
interrogative form, and it can be used with different verb forms.
In the simple present, we can use how with the verb to be or with other verbs.
The difference is that when the verb to be is the main verb, we do not use an
auxiliary verb. For all the other verbs, an auxiliary must be used to create the
questions.
Check out some examples:
QUESTION WORD HOW

Simple Present
Structure: How + Verb To Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
How are the kids?

Como estão as crianças?
( main verb is the verb to be = do not use an auxiliary verb)

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Question Word How
Structure: How + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form
+ Complement (if necessary)
How do you go to work?

Como você vai para o trabalho?
( main verb is not the verb to be = the auxiliary verb do must be used)
How can also be used in the simple past, and the structure will follow the same
pattern of the simple present. The difference is that the verb to be or the auxiliary
verb will be conjugated in the past.
QUESTION WORD HOW

Simple Past
Structure: How + Verb to Be + Subject + Complement (if necessary)
How was the game?

Como foi o jogo?
( main verb is the verb to be = do not use an auxiliary verb)
Structure: How + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb in the Base Form +
How did you go to the game?

Como você foi para o jogo?
( main verb is not the verb to be = the auxiliary verb did must be used)
The question word how can also be used with continuous forms such as the
present and the past continuous. In this case, we’ll use how followed by the
interrogative form of these structures.
For the interrogative form of the present and past continuous, the verb to be
works as an auxiliary verb, followed by the subject, the main verb in the -ING
form, and a complement, if necessary.

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Question Word How
QUESTION WORD HOW
Present and Past Continuous
Structure: How + Verb to Be + Subject + Main Verb in the -ING Form +

How are you organizing your tasks?

Como você está organizando as suas tarefas?
(I am asking about an action that is in progress now)
How were you feeling when you started therapy?

Como você estava se sentindo quando iniciou a terapia?
(I asked about a feeling that was going on before the person decided to start therapy)
It is also possible to use how with perfect forms such as the present perfect and
the present perfect continuous.
QUESTION WORD HOW

Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Structure: How + Verb To Have + Subject +

How have you been?

Como você tem passado?
(I want to know how this person has been lately or since I last saw him or her)
Structure: How + Verb To Have + Subject + Been +

Main Verb in the –ING Form + Complement (if necessary)
How have you been dealing with this situation?

Como você tem lidado com essa situação?
(It’s an ongoing situation that started in the past and is still going on)

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Question Word How
We also use how with modal
QUESTION WORD HOW
verbs. In this case, they come right
Modal Verbs
after the question word.
Structure: How + Modal Verb + Subject +

How should we help her?

Como devemos ajudá-la?
(Should works as an auxiliary, and it was used to ask for
guidance or recommendation)
How can we go to the party?

Como podemos ir para a festa?
(Can works as an auxiliary, and it shows the idea of possibility)
If you want to ask more specific questions using how, you can use an
adjective or an adverb after it. Check out the examples.
QUESTION WORD HOW

Other Possibilities
How old is your brother? How often do you go to the gym?

Quantos anos seu irmão tem? Com que frequência você vai à academia?
(How + Old = Age) (How + Often = Frequency)
How much is this T-shirt? How many people were there at the concert?
Quanto custa esta camiseta? Quantas pessoas havia no show?
(How + Much = Amount or Price) (How + Many = Quantity)
How far is San Diego from Los Angeles?

Quão distante é San Diego de Los Angeles? / Qual é a distância de San Diego a Los Angeles?
(How + Far = Distance)
How long does it take to get there? How tall is your brother?
Qual tempo demora/leva para chegar lá? Qual é a altura do seu irmão?
(How + Long = Duration) (How + Tall = Height for People)
How high is Mount Everest?

Quão alto é o Monte Everest? / Qual é a altura / o tamanho do Monte Everest?
(How + High = Height for Places)

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Question Word How
How can also be used with prepositions such as about. There are
two ways we can use it—to offer something or to make a suggestion.
HOW ABOUT
Offers and Suggestions
How about a cup of coffee?

Que tal uma xícara de café?
(How + About + Noun = Offer)
How about going to the movies?

Que tal irmos ao cinema?
(How + About + Verb in the –ING Form = Suggestion)
In spoken English, there is a very common expression with how—how come. It is

used to ask about the reason why something has happened. We could say that how
come is an informal way to ask “why.”
How come can also be used to show surprise. There is an important detail in the
structure of the question, though: how come is always followed by the affirmative
form, regardless of the verb form.
HOW ABOUT
Reason and Surprise (Informal)
How come she went to the party alone?

Como assim ela foi à festa sozinha?
(How Come + Structure of the Affirmative Form in the Simple Past)
How come she is not here?

Como é que ela não está aqui?
Como pode ela não estar aqui?
(How Come + Affirmative Form of the Simple Present)

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Question Word How
We can also use how in exclamations. It can either be followed by a complete
sentence or by an adjective. It’s important to notice, though, that what can also
be used in exclamations.
The difference is that when there is either a complete sentence or only an
adjective, you’ll use how. However, in the case of the structure adjective + noun
or just a noun, you’ll have to use what.
Compare the difference:
HOW AND WHAT

Exclamation
How + Complete Sentence
How I love this city!

Como eu amo essa cidade!
(How + Subject “I” + Main Verb “love” + Complement “this city”)
How + Adjective
How beautiful!
Que bonito!
(How + Adjective “beautiful”)
What + (Article) + Adjective + Noun
What a beautiful city!

Que cidade bonita!
(What + Article “a” + Adjective “beautiful” + Noun “city”)
And now you know different ways to use the question word how, it’s meaning, structures in
different verb forms, as well as how to use it in exclamations.

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Grammar
GuideVerb To Be
Simple Present -
The simple present is used to talk about factual information or things
that happen regularly.
SIMPLE PRESENT
This wall is white.

Esta parede é branca.
(It’s a factual piece of information.)
I sleep for 8 or 9 hours a day.

Eu durmo de 8 a 9 horas por dia.
(It’s part of a routine, something I do every day.)
The simple present will be tackled in two different grammar guides.

In this one, we’ll focus on the simple present sentences in which the
main verb is the verb to be.
Check the following table to see the conjugation of the verb to be in
the simple present.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be
Singular Plural
First person I am We are
Second person You are You are
Third person He/She/It is They are

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Simple Present - Verb To Be
There is a different sentence structure for the interrogative, negative, and
affirmative forms. In affirmative sentences, we’ll frequently use the SVC
structure, that is, Subject, Verb, and Complement. To make a negative
statement, you’ll place the negative particle not after the verb. And to ask a
question, we invert the order and place the verb before the subject.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be
Affirmative
Subject + Verb To Be + Complement
I’m a writer.
Eu sou escritor.
Negative
Subject + Verb To Be + NOT + Complement
I am not a writer.
Eu não sou escritor.
Interrogative
Verb To Be + Subject + Complement
Are you a writer?

Você é escritor?
The simple present of the verb to be is commonly

SIMPLE PRESENT
used in its contracted form, also known as short
Verb To Be – Contracted Form
form. Contractions are considered informal, and they
are very common in everyday situations. However,
if you want to sound more formal or more emphatic, Affirmative Negative
use the full form. I’m I’m not
The short or contracted forms can be used in You’re You aren’t
affirmative or negative sentences. He’s/She’s/It’s He/She/It isn’t
We’re We aren’t
They’re They aren’t

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Now that you know the conjugation in the plural and singular forms, its structure
for affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences, as well as its full and
contracted forms, check out the possible uses of the verb to be in the simple
present.
It can be used to refer to personal information such as name, age, profession,
marital status, and nationality.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
Name
I am Sophie. My name is Sophie.
Eu sou Sophie. O meu nome é Sophie.
Age Profession
I am 36 years old. I am an architect.
Eu tenho 36 anos. Eu sou arquiteta.
Nationality Marital Status

I am French. I am single.
Eu sou francesa. Eu sou solteira.
We can also use the verb to be followed by an adjective to talk about permanent
or temporary physical characteristics and feelings.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am thirsty.
Eu estou com sede.
(It’s a state. Something I am experiencing now.)
I am skinny.
Eu sou magro(a).
(It refers to a physical characteristic.)

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The verb to be in the simple present is also used to talk about permanent or
temporary qualities or states, personal characteristics, or mood.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am stressed. I am a stressed person.

Eu estou estressado(a). Eu sou uma pessoa estressada.
(It’s a current mood or a temporary state.) (It’s part of my personality.)
The verb to be in the simple present is also used to talk about time and dates.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
It’s eleven o’clock. Our meeting is on December 3rd.

São onze horas. A nossa reunião é no dia 3 de dezembro.
We can use the verb to be in the simple present to refer to places and locations as well.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be – Uses
I am at the mall. The 9/11 Memorial is in Manhattan.

Eu estou no shopping. O memorial do 11 de Setembro é em Manhattan.
And now you know when and why we use the verb to be in the simple present.

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Grammar
GuideOther Verbs
Simple Present -
The simple present was divided into two grammar guides, and we did that
because there is an important difference in structure.
In this grammar guide, we’ll talk about the simple present with verbs that are not
the verb to be, that is, all the other verbs.
When we use the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary verb to make interrogative
and negative sentences. But when we use other verbs, we need to use the
auxiliary verb. The auxiliary verb for the simple present is do or does, according to
the subject.
Check out the difference in the box.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Verb To Be Other Verbs
Interrogative Is she a teacher? Does she work as a teacher?

Ela é professora? Ela trabalha como professora?
Negative She isn’t a teacher. She doesn’t work as a teacher.

Ela não é professora. Ela não trabalha como professora.
The basic structure for the affirmative form is the SVC structure, that is, subject,
main verb, and complement. And the verb conjugation works like this: we’ll use the
base form of the verb for all persons, except for the third person singular. In this
case, we’ll add –S, –ES, or –IES to the end of the verb, depending on how it’s spelled.

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Simple Present - Other Verbs
If you want to learn more about the third person spelling rules, you can check the grammar
guide on this topic. However, most verbs will only take a final S in the third person singular,
as you can see in the following table.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form
Singular Plural
I work here. We work here.

First person
Eu trabalho aqui. Nós trabalhamos aqui.
You work here. You work here.

Second person
Você trabalha aqui. Vocês trabalham aqui.
He works here.
Ele trabalha aqui.
She works here. They work here.

Third person
Ela trabalha aqui. Eles/Elas trabalham aqui.
It works for now.

Isso funciona por enquanto.
Notice that we do not use the auxiliary verb in the affirmative form. But it’s possible to use it to
add emphasis to a statement. In that case, the auxiliary verb is placed before the main verb.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Affirmative Form: Adding Emphasis
Usage of the Auxiliary Do
I do have the right to speak my mind.

Eu tenho (sim) o direito de dar minha opinião.
(The verb “do” is used as an auxiliary. So it does not have a meaning, but a function).
(O verbo “do” é usado como auxiliar. Portanto, não tem um significado, mas uma função).

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Thus, it is possible to use the auxiliary with the simple present in the affirmative form, but it’s also important
to notice that it adds emphasis to the sentence, which means that it is only going to happen in very specific
contexts.
As for the negative and interrogative forms, the auxiliary do is not optional, it’s necessary.
The basic structure for the negative form is the subject, the auxiliary verb do conjugated according to the
subject, the negative particle not, the main verb in its base form, and the complement, if necessary.
You should pay close attention to the third person singular. In both negative and interrogative forms, the
conjugation goes in the auxiliary verb, that is, we will use does, and, because of that, the main verb goes
back to its base form.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Negative Form
Singular Plural
I don’t work here. We don’t work here.

First person
Eu não trabalho aqui. Nós não trabalhamos aqui.
You don’t work here. You don’t work here.

Second person
Você não trabalha aqui. Vocês não trabalham aqui.
He doesn’t work here.

Ele não trabalha aqui.
She doesn’t work here. They don’t work here.

Third person
Ela não trabalha aqui. Eles/Elas não trabalham aqui.
It doesn’t work for now.

(Isso) não funciona por enquanto.
In informal language, the contracted

forms don’t (do + not) or doesn’t SIMPLE PRESENT
(does + not) are used in most cases. Negative Form: Adding Emphasis
In formal written language, we avoid
using contractions. Do Not Use the Contracted Form
On the other hand, in spoken
language, if we use the full form, You do not have the right to shout at people.
it probably means we want to add Você não tem o direito de gritar com as pessoas.
emphasis to a negative statement.

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The basic interrogative form structure in the simple present is the auxiliary verb do conjugated according to
the subject, the main verb in its base form, and the complement, if necessary.
So the position of the auxiliary verb and the subject is inverted, and, once again, in the third person singular,
the main verb goes back to its base form, and the auxiliary verb is conjugated.
Check out the following table:
SIMPLE PRESENT
Interrogative Form
Singular Plural
Do I work here? Do we work here?

First person
Eu trabalho aqui? Nós trabalhamos aqui?
Do you work here? Do you work here?

Second person
Você trabalha aqui? Vocês trabalham aqui?
Does he work here?

Ele trabalha aqui?
Does she work here? Do they work here?

Third person
Ela trabalha aqui? Eles/Elas trabalham aqui?
Does it work for now?

Isso funciona por enquanto?
The simple present is used to talk SIMPLE PRESENT

about facts and to show repetitions, Other Verbs – Uses
habits, or generalizations.
I work at a law firm.

Eu trabalho em um escritório de advocacia.
She works a lot.

Ela trabalha muito.

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It can also be used to present a series of events when we narrate
something or give instructions and directions.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
First you read the questions, then you have to mark the correct statement.
Primeiro você lê as perguntas, depois você tem que marcar a afirmação correta.
You go straight and turn right on the traffic light.

Você segue em frente e vira à direita no semáforo.
The simple present can convey the idea of immediacy and drama, and that’s why it’s commonly
used in stories or novels, in sports broadcasting, and in newspaper headlines, even when
reporting past events.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Other Verbs – Uses
She crosses the street toward him, looks back, and decides to let it go.
Ela atravessa a rua em direção a ele, olha para trás e decide deixar para lá.
He gets the ball, passes through the defense and shoots, but the goalkeeper saves it.
Ele pega a bola, passa pela defesa e chuta, mas o goleiro agarra.
Firefighters save many lives in Brooklyn.

Os bombeiros salvam muitas vidas no Brooklyn.

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In English, some verbs cannot be used in continuous forms. These verbs are
called non-progressive verbs, and we use them in the simple present. This
group is divided into different subgroups of verbs.
SIMPLE PRESENT
Non-progressive Verbs
Mental process verbs
know, suppose, think, understand

saber, supor, achar, entender
Verbs that express feelings
admire, adore, hate, like, respect

admirar, adorar, detestar, gostar, respeitar
Verbs that describe senses
smell, taste, hear

sentir cheiro, sentir sabor, ouvir
Speech act verbs
promise, swear, agree, deny

prometer, jurar, concordar, negar
And now you know the structure and the most common uses of
the simple present with other verbs.

270
Grammar
GuidePossessive Adjectives Possessive adjectives are always used before a noun, and they determine who
possesses the noun to which they refer.
POSSESSIVE ADJE CTIVES
my dog
meu cachorro
(It’s not your dog or his dog, it is my dog)
our house
nossa casa
(It’s not a house or a beautiful house, it is our house)
their books
os livros deles
(It’s not just any book, it is their books)
Take a look at the following table to see all the possessive adjectives in English.
Singular Plural
My Our
First person meu(s), minha(s) nosso(s), nossa(s)

Your Your
Second person teu(s), tua(s), seu(s), sua(s) vosso(s), vossa(s), seus,
suas, de vocês
His
seu(s), sua(s), dele
Third person Her Their

seu(s), sua(s), dela seu(s), sua(s), deles, delas
Its
seu(s), sua(s), dele, dela

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Possessive Adjectives
It is important to notice that possessive adjectives in English do not suffer
number or gender variations according to the nouns to which they are referring,
as opposed to what happens in several other languages.
That means that the possessive adjectives will keep the same form whether they
are referring to a singular noun or to a plural noun, as well as to a masculine,
neutral, or feminine noun.
Let’s take a closer look at each one of them.

For the first person, we’ll use the possessive adjective my in the singular or our
in the plural.

First Person (singular and plural)
This is my dog. These are my daughters.

Este é o meu cachorro. Estas são minhas filhas.
That is our house. Those are our sons.

Aquela é nossa casa. Aqueles são nossos filhos.
For the second person, we’ll use your. This possessive adjective will
be the same for both the singular and plural forms, and only the
context will make it clear if we are referring to one or more owners.

Second Person
Is this cute boy your son?

Este menino fofo é seu filho?
Este menino fofo é filho de vocês?

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When we express possession referring to the third person, singular or plural,
we can use the possessive case or the possessive adjectives his, her, its, in the
singular, or their in the plural.
The possessive case might be preferred if it is not clear in the context to whom
we are referring.
POSSESSIVE CASE
I’m going to Jeff’s birthday party.

Eu estou indo à festa de aniversário do Jeff.
(Jeff’s name wasn’t mentioned before, so the possessive case is used

because it makes it clear whose birthday party it is.)
(O nome do Jeff não havia sido mencionado anteriormente, então usa-se o
possessive case porque ele deixa claro de quem é a festa de aniversário.)
If the context makes it clear to whose party we are referring, we can replace the
possessive case with a third person possessive adjective.
POSSESSIVE ADJE CTIVE
Jeff is my best friend. I’m going to his birthday party.

Jeff é o meu melhor amigo. Eu estou indo à sua festa de aniversário.
For the third person singular, we’ll use the possessive adjectives his for a masculine owner, her for feminine,
and, for other cases, we will use its.

Third Person Singular
George is traveling with his wife.

George está viajando com a sua esposa / a esposa dele.
(We used “his” because we are talking about George’s wife, and George is a man.)
(Usamos his porque estamos nos referindo à esposa do George, e George é um homem.)

273
Paula is traveling with her husband.
Paula está viajando com o seu marido / o marido dela.
(We used “her” because we are talking about Paula’s husband, and Paula is a woman.)
(Usamos her porque estamos nos referindo ao marido da Paula, e Paula é uma mulher.)
Don’t use this computer. Its keyboard is not working.

Não use este computador. Seu teclado / O teclado dele não está funcionando.
(We used “its” because we are talking about the computer keyboard, which is an object.)
(Usamos its porque estamos nos referindo ao teclado do computador, que é um objeto.)
For the third person plural, we will use their regardless of gender.

Third Person Plural
George and Paula are traveling with their son.

George e Paula estão viajando com o seu filho / o filho deles.
The kids are playing with their toys.

As crianças estão brincando com os seus brinquedos / os brinquedos delas.
And this is how we use the possessive adjectives in English.

274

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Chap

3 Inside the Plane p. 44

6 Leaving the Airport p. 100

10 Grammar Guide p. 172

[At the Orlando Airport lobby]

< voltar para o índice

Here’s the thing: in most international trips, you’ll be allowed two

[Leaving to the airport]

< voltar para o índice

[No saguão do aeroporto de Orlando]

A questão é: na maioria das viagens internacionais, você só tem permissão

< voltar para o índice

[Saindo para o aeroporto]

< voltar para o índice

GE TTING READY TO TRAVEL

To pack To go to the airport

< voltar para o índice

Checked baggage Carry-on luggage Personal item

Your personal item can be:

T YPES OF PERSONAL ITEMS

< voltar para o índice

On international flights, you are usually allowed to check

Carry-on luggage must weigh around 5 to 10 kg,

Carry-on luggage must fit in the overhead compartments

COMMONLY RESTRICTED OR PROHIBITED ITEMS

Medication Alcoholic beverages

< voltar para o índice

Fresh food Weapons

Considering medication and alcoholic beverages, follow these pieces of advice:

You should have a prescription in English for your medication.

1 pound (lb.) = 0.45 kilograms 1 ounce (oz.) = 28 grams

1 gallon = 3.78 liters

< voltar para o índice

As for food, learn that:

Most processed foods that are unopened and commercially

As a general rule, condiments, vinegars, oils, packaged spices, honey,

Foods in packaging that appears unsafe or contaminated

Regarding weapons or sharp objects, keep in mind that:

< voltar para o índice

Among the sharp objects above are:

SHARP OBJE CTS

Scissors Needle Penknife

Knife Razor blade

Cash Credit or debit card Traveler’s check

< voltar para o índice

Besides that, mind some rules concerning liquids in your carry-on:

Liquids are only allowed in the carry-on luggage

Keep the liquids in 100-ml containers in a clear bag

Liquids include any of the following:

Water Mouthwash Perfume Deodorant

As for electronics, don’t forget that:

Electronics should be taken in the carry-on luggage.

< voltar para o índice

ITEMS IN THE CARRY-ON LUGGAGE

Cash Credit card

Proof of hotel reservation Airplane tickets

< voltar para o índice

( 1 ) Airline ( 7 ) Fresh food ( ) Alimentos in natura ( ) Bolsa

( 2 ) Backpack ( 8 ) Prescription ( ) Armas ( ) Pesar

( 3 ) Carry-on luggage ( 9 ) Purse ( ) Companhia aérea ( ) Dinheiro vivo / em

B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.

a) Pack your bags carefully and them before leaving home.

b) On international , you can usually

c) Depending on the airline, the may weigh up to 10 or 15 kg.

( 4 ) Recommended ( ) may not