MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY

2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEAR SEMESTER

FINAL EXAMINATION
I
BIO 211 - BIOSTATISTICS
147! DECEMBER, 2022

TIME: 08:45 — 11:45 Hrs

DURATION: 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS: 100

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
This paper has Six (6) questions:
Each Question Carries 25 Marks.
ARON
Answer any Four (4) questions.
Write your student number on the answer booklet(s) provided.
Write all your answers in the answer booklet(s) provided and clearly indicate the total
numberof booklets used.
6. Clearly indicate on top and/or inside your answer booklet the question number you have
attempted.
7. Use calculators and statistical tables where applicable.

DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Page 1 of 4
 1. (a) A survey conducted indicated that one out of five Zambians visits a dentist in a given
month for routine dental check-ups.
If
five people are selected at random, find the
probability that exactly three people would have visited a dentist last month.

(b) State any three assumptions of

a binomial distribution.

2. The weight of malignant tumours (ounces) removed from the abdomen

of individuals 57
at University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka Zambia provided is
table 1 below: in
Table 1. Weight (ounces) of malignant tumours.

Weight (ounces) Class Interval Frequency

10-19 9.5 —19.5_ 5
20 - 29 19.5 — 29.5 19
30 - 39 29.5 — 39.5 10
40 - 49 39.5 — 49.5 13
50-59 49.5 — 59.5 4
60 — 69 59.5 ~9.5 4
70 - 79 69.5— 79.5 2

With reference to table 1:

(a) Make a complete frequency distribution table and construct a histogram.

(b) Estimate the mean, variance and standard deviation of the weight of tumours.

3. A plant physiologist wanted to establish the effect nutrient addition

on tree growth by
adding P in form of KH2POg (50 kg P ha’!). The fertilizer was applied to 30 and 60
years
old trees in August and September respectively. After one
year, root biomass was
determined from the plants and recorded as provided table 2.in
Table 2. Fine root biomass (g).

Biomass (g) of 30 years old trees Biomass (g) of 60 years old trees
10.3 12.2
11.4 12.1
10.9 13.1
12.0 11.9
10.0 12.0
11.9 12.9
12.2 11.4
12.3 12.1
11.7 13.5
12.0 12.3

Page 2 of 4
 (a) From the biomass measurements provided in table 2, can it be concluded using a
two-tailed t-test (a = 5%) that the mean root biomass in the two age groups of the

trees differed significantly following P nutrient addition?

(b) What kind of test can be applied to determine homoscedacity of variance?

4. (a) Summarise each of the following:

(i) Type I and Type errors. II
(ii) Confidence interval and level of significance.
(iii) p-value.
(c) State what the letters A to F in the table 3 represent.

Table 3. Sample t — test.

One

Null hypothesis
— Sample t - test

Alternative Null hypothesis

Two - Sample
t - test

Alternative
hypothesis hypothesis
LS bo A lui S<
je D
B LF po E ju # pe
C lu < po F bu < pl

5. Using the rate of photosynthesis (mol CO2 m” s"') measurements on poplar plant
ecotypes established in a garden experiment as provided, can it be concluded that the
mean rate of photosynthesis is equal among the
plant ecotypes using level of significance
as 0.05?

Ecotype A: 2.3, 2.0, 3.4, 2.5, 4.0, 3.5

Ecotype B: 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.3, 6.7, 8.0
Ecotype C: 7.5, 6.2, 6.3, 7.2, 5.8, 5.9
6. Table 4 shows the length (mm) of plant shoots from seeds plants established in a garden
experiment.
Table 4. Length of plant shoots (mm).
76 73 75 73 74 74 74 74 74 77
74 72 75 76 73 71 73 80 75 75
68 72 78 74 75 74 69 77 77 72
72 76 76 77 70 77 72 74 77 76
78 72 70 74 76 72 73 71 74 74
75 79 75 74 75 74 71 73 75 73
75 70 73 75 70 72 72 71 76 73
74 76 74 75 74 76 75 75 73 73
78 74 73 15 74 73 72 76 73 76
74 71 72 71 79 78 69 77 73 71

With reference to Table 4, answer the following questions:

Page 3 of 4
(a) Make the frequency distribution of the data using a class interval of 1.
(b) Compute the mean length of the plant shoots.
(c) Determine the variance and standard deviation of the plant shoot length.

(d) Construct an ogive.

END OF EXAMINATION

Page 4 of 4
 Table 8. Critical Values For The ¢ Distribution

This table contains critical values ta,, for the ¢ distribution

defined by P(T > tay) = a.

a
v 20 10 05 025 O01 005 001 .0005 .0001
1 1.3764 3.0777 6.3138 12.7062 31.8205 63.6567 318.3088 636.6192 3183.0988
2 1.0607 1.8856 2.9200 4.3027 6.9646 9.9248 22.3271 31.5991 70.7001
3 9785 1.6377 2.3534 3.1824 4.5407 5.8409 10.2145 12.9240 22.2037
4 9410 1.5332 2.1318 2.7764 3.7469 4.6041 7.1732 8.6103 13.0337
5 9195 1.4759 2.0150 2.5706 3.3649 4.0321 5.8934 6.8688 9.6776
6 9057 1.4398 1.9432 2.4469 3.1427 3.7074 5.2076 5.9588 8.0248
7 8960 1.4149 1.8946 2.3646 2.9980 3.4995 4.7853 5.4079 7.0634
8 8889 1.3968 1.8595 2.3060 2.8965 3.3554 4.5008 5.0413 6.4420
9 .8834 1.3830 1.8331 2.2622 2.8214 3.2498 4.2968 4.7809 6.0101
10 .8791 1.3722 1.8125 2.2281 2.7638 3.1693 4.1437 4.5869 5.6938
11 8755 1.3634 1.7959 2.2010 2.7181 3.1058 4.0247 4.4370 5.4528
12 8726 1.3562 1.7823 2.1788 2.6810 3.0545 3.9296 4.3178 5.2633
13 .8702 1.3502 1.7709 2.1604 2.6503 3.0123 3.8520 4.2208 5.1106
14 8681 1.3450 1.7613 2.1448 2.6245 2.9768 3.7874 4.1405 4.9850
15 .8662 1.3406 1.7531 2.1314 2.6025 2.9467 3.7328 4.0728 4.8800
16 8647 1.3368 1.7459 2.1199 2.5835 2.9208 3.6862 4.0150 4.7909
17 .8633 1.3334 1.7396 2.1098 2.5669 2.8982 3.6458 3.9651 4.7144
18 .8620 1.3304 1.7341 2.1009 2.5524 2.8784 3.6105 3.9216 4.6480
19 8610 1.3277 1.7291 2.0930 2.5395 2.8609 3.5794 3.8834 4.5899
20 8600 1.3253 1.7247 2.0860 2.5280 2.8453 3.5518 3.8495 4.5385
21 8591 1.3232 1.7207 2.0796 2.5176 2.8314 3.5271 3.8192 4.4929
22 8583 1.3212 1.7171 2.0739 2.5083 2.8187 3.5050 3.7921 4.4520
23 8575 1.3195 1.7139 2.0687 2.4999 2.8073 3.4850 3.7676 4.4152
24 8569 1.3178 1.7109 2.0639 2.4922 2.7969 3.4668 3.7454 4.3819
25 8562 1.3163 1.7081 2.0595 2.4851 2.7874 3.4502 3.7251 4.3517
26 .8557 1.3150 1.7056 2.0555 2.4786 2.7787 3.4350 3.7066 4.3240
27 8551 1.3137 1.7033 2.0518 2.4727 2.7707 3.4210 3.6896 4.2987
28 .8546 1.3125 1.7011 2.0484 2.4671 2.7633 3.4081 3.6739 4.2754
29 8542 1.8114 1.6991 2.0452 2.4620 2.7564 3.3962 3.6594 4,2539
30 8538 1.3104 1.6973 2.0423 2.4573 2.7500 3.3852 3.6460 4.2340
40 .8507 1.3031 1.6839 2.0211 2.4233 2.7045 3.3069 3.5510 4.0942
50 8489 1.2987 1.6759 2.0086 2.4033 2.6778 3.2614 3.4960 4.0140
60 8477 1.2958 1.6706 2.0003 2.3901 2.6603 3.2317 3.4602 3.9621
120 8446 1.2886 1.6577 1.9799 2.3578 2.6174 3.1595 3.3735 3.8372
co 8416 1.2816 1.6449 1.9600 2.3263 2.5758 3.0902 3.2905 3.7190

57