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Designer’s Data for “Worst Case” Conditions — The Designer’s Data Sheet permits the design of most circuits entirely from the information presented. SOA Limit
curves — representing boundaries on device characteristics — are given to facilitate “worst case” design.
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REV 5
Motorola TMOS
Motorola, Inc. 1996 Power MOSFET Transistor Device Data 1
MMDF4N01HD
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TC = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
OFF CHARACTERISTICS
Drain–Source Breakdown Voltage V(BR)DSS Vdc
(VGS = 0 Vdc, ID = 0.25 mAdc) 20 — —
Temperature Coefficient (Positive) — 2.0 — mV/°C
Zero Gate Voltage Drain Current IDSS µAdc
(VDS = 12 Vdc, VGS = 0 Vdc) — — 1.0
(VDS = 12 Vdc, VGS = 0 Vdc, TJ = 125°C) — — 10
Gate–Body Leakage Current (VGS = ± 8.0 Vdc, VDS = 0) IGSS — — 100 nAdc
ON CHARACTERISTICS (1)
Gate Threshold Voltage VGS(th) Vdc
(VDS = VGS, ID = 0.25 mAdc) 0.6 0.8 1.1
Temperature Coefficient (Negative) — 2.8 — mV/°C
Static Drain–to–Source On–Resistance RDS(on) Ohm
(VGS = 4.5 Vdc, ID = 4.0 Adc) — 0.035 0.045
(VGS = 2.7 Vdc, ID = 2.0 Adc) — 0.043 0.055
Forward Transconductance (VDS = 2.5 Vdc, ID = 2.0 Adc) gFS 3.0 6.0 — mhos
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Input Capacitance Ciss — 425 595 pF
Output Capacitance (VDS = 10 Vdc, VGS = 0 Vdc,
Coss — 270 378
f = 1.0 MHz)
Reverse Transfer Capacitance Crss — 115 230
SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS (2)
Turn–On Delay Time td(on) — 13 26 ns
Rise Time (VDD = 6.0 Vdc, ID = 4.0 Adc, tr — 60 120
VGS = 2.7 Vdc,
Turn–Off Delay Time RG = 2.3 Ω) td(off) — 20 40
Fall Time tf — 29 58
Turn–On Delay Time td(on) — 10 20
Rise Time (VDD = 6.0 Vdc, ID = 4.0 Adc, tr — 42 84
VGS = 4.5 Vdc,
Turn–Off Delay Time RG = 2.3 Ω) td(off) — 24 48
Fall Time tf — 28 56
Gate Charge QT — 9.2 13 nC
(See Figure 8)
(VDS = 10 Vdc, ID = 4.0 Adc, Q1 — 1.3 —
VGS = 4.5 Vdc) Q2 — 3.5 —
Q3 — 3.0 —
8 8
4.5 V
VGS = 8 V TJ = 25°C VDS ≥ 10 V
2.3 V
3.1 V
I D , DRAIN CURRENT (AMPS)
4 1.9 V 4 100°C
25°C
1.7 V
2 2 TJ = – 55°C
1.5 V
1.3 V
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2
VDS, DRAIN–TO–SOURCE VOLTAGE (VOLTS) VGS, GATE–TO–SOURCE VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
0.05 0.040
4.5 V
0.04 0.035
0.03 0.030
0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8
VGS, GATE–TO–SOURCE VOLTAGE (VOLTS) ID, DRAIN CURRENT (AMPS)
2 100
RDS(on) , DRAIN–TO–SOURCE RESISTANCE
VGS = 0 V
VGS = 4.5 V
ID = 4 A TJ = 125°C
1.5
I DSS , LEAKAGE (nA)
(NORMALIZED)
1 10
100°C
0.5
0
– 50 – 25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
TJ, JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) VDS, DRAIN–TO–SOURCE VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Switching behavior is most easily modeled and predicted The capacitance (Ciss) is read from the capacitance curve at
by recognizing that the power MOSFET is charge controlled. a voltage corresponding to the off–state condition when cal-
The lengths of various switching intervals (∆t) are deter- culating td(on) and is read at a voltage corresponding to the
mined by how fast the FET input capacitance can be charged on–state when calculating td(off).
by current from the generator.
The published capacitance data is difficult to use for calculat- At high switching speeds, parasitic circuit elements com-
ing rise and fall because drain–gate capacitance varies plicate the analysis. The inductance of the MOSFET source
greatly with applied voltage. Accordingly, gate charge data is lead, inside the package and in the circuit wiring which is
used. In most cases, a satisfactory estimate of average input common to both the drain and gate current paths, produces a
current (IG(AV)) can be made from a rudimentary analysis of voltage at the source which reduces the gate drive current.
the drive circuit so that The voltage is determined by Ldi/dt, but since di/dt is a func-
t = Q/IG(AV) tion of drain current, the mathematical solution is complex.
The MOSFET output capacitance also complicates the
During the rise and fall time interval when switching a resis-
mathematics. And finally, MOSFETs have finite internal gate
tive load, VGS remains virtually constant at a level known as
resistance which effectively adds to the resistance of the
the plateau voltage, VSGP. Therefore, rise and fall times may
driving source, but the internal resistance is difficult to mea-
be approximated by the following:
sure and, consequently, is not specified.
tr = Q2 x RG/(VGG – VGSP) The resistive switching time variation versus gate resis-
tf = Q2 x RG/VGSP tance (Figure 9) shows how typical switching performance is
where affected by the parasitic circuit elements. If the parasitics
were not present, the slope of the curves would maintain a
VGG = the gate drive voltage, which varies from zero to VGG value of unity regardless of the switching speed. The circuit
RG = the gate drive resistance used to obtain the data is constructed to minimize common
and Q2 and VGSP are read from the gate charge curve. inductance in the drain and gate circuit loops and is believed
readily achievable with board mounted components. Most
During the turn–on and turn–off delay times, gate current is
power electronic loads are inductive; the data in the figure is
not constant. The simplest calculation uses appropriate val-
taken with a resistive load, which approximates an optimally
ues from the capacitance curves in a standard equation for
snubbed inductive load. Power MOSFETs may be safely op-
voltage change in an RC network. The equations are:
erated into an inductive load; however, snubbing reduces
td(on) = RG Ciss In [VGG/(VGG – VGSP)] switching losses.
td(off) = RG Ciss In (VGG/VGSP)
2000
VDS = 0 V VGS = 0 V TJ = 25°C
1600 Ciss
C, CAPACITANCE (pF)
1200
800 Crss
Ciss
400 Coss
Crss
0
8 4 0 4 8 12
VGS VDS
t, TIME (ns)
3 6
Q1 Q2 10 td(on)
2 ID = 4 A 4
TJ = 25°C
1 2
Q3
0 0 1
0 2 4 6 8 10 0.1 1 10 100
QT, TOTAL CHARGE (nC) RG, GATE RESISTANCE (OHMS)
The switching characteristics of a MOSFET body diode di/dts. The diode’s negative di/dt during ta is directly con-
are very important in systems using it as a freewheeling or trolled by the device clearing the stored charge. However,
commutating diode. Of particular interest are the reverse re- the positive di/dt during tb is an uncontrollable diode charac-
covery characteristics which play a major role in determining teristic and is usually the culprit that induces current ringing.
switching losses, radiated noise, EMI and RFI. Therefore, when comparing diodes, the ratio of tb/ta serves
System switching losses are largely due to the nature of as a good indicator of recovery abruptness and thus gives a
the body diode itself. The body diode is a minority carrier de- comparative estimate of probable noise generated. A ratio of
vice, therefore it has a finite reverse recovery time, trr, due to 1 is considered ideal and values less than 0.5 are considered
the storage of minority carrier charge, QRR, as shown in the
snappy.
typical reverse recovery wave form of Figure 14. It is this
Compared to Motorola standard cell density low voltage
stored charge that, when cleared from the diode, passes
MOSFETs, high cell density MOSFET diodes are faster
through a potential and defines an energy loss. Obviously,
repeatedly forcing the diode through reverse recovery further (shorter trr), have less stored charge and a softer reverse re-
increases switching losses. Therefore, one would like a covery characteristic. The softness advantage of the high
diode with short t rr and low QRR specifications to minimize cell density diode means they can be forced through reverse
these losses. recovery at a higher di/dt than a standard cell MOSFET
The abruptness of diode reverse recovery effects the diode without increasing the current ringing or the noise gen-
amount of radiated noise, voltage spikes, and current ring- erated. In addition, power dissipation incurred from switching
ing. The mechanisms at work are finite irremovable circuit the diode will be less due to the shorter recovery time and
parasitic inductances and capacitances acted upon by high lower switching losses.
4
VV GS= =0 0VV
GS
TJTJ= =25°C
25°C
I S , SOURCE CURRENT (AMPS)
0
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
VSD, SOURCE–TO–DRAIN VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
I S , SOURCE CURRENT
High Cell Density
trr
tb
ta
t, TIME
The Forward Biased Safe Operating Area curves define averaged over a complete switching cycle must not exceed
the maximum simultaneous drain–to–source voltage and (TJ(MAX) – TC)/(RθJC).
drain current that a transistor can handle safely when it is for- A power MOSFET designated E–FET can be safely used
ward biased. Curves are based upon maximum peak junc- in switching circuits with unclamped inductive loads. For reli-
tion temperature and a case temperature (TC) of 25°C. Peak able operation, the stored energy from circuit inductance dis-
repetitive pulsed power limits are determined by using the sipated in the transistor while in avalanche must be less than
thermal response data in conjunction with the procedures the rated limit and must be adjusted for operating conditions
discussed in AN569, “Transient Thermal Resistance – Gen- differing from those specified. Although industry practice is to
eral Data and Its Use.” rate in terms of energy, avalanche energy capability is not a
Switching between the off–state and the on–state may tra- constant. The energy rating decreases non–linearly with an
verse any load line provided neither rated peak current (IDM) increase of peak current in avalanche and peak junction tem-
nor rated voltage (VDSS) is exceeded, and that the transition perature.
time (tr, tf) does not exceed 10 µs. In addition the total power
100
VGS = 20 V
SINGLE PULSE 10 µs
100 µs
I D , DRAIN CURRENT (AMPS)
TC = 25°C
10 1 ms
10 ms
1
dc
RDS(on) LIMIT
THERMAL LIMIT
0.1
PACKAGE LIMIT
Mounted on 2” sq. FR4 board (1” sq. 2 oz. Cu 0.06”
thick single sided) with one die operating, 10s max.
0.01
0.1 1 10 100
VDS, DRAIN–TO–SOURCE VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
10
Rthja(t), EFFECTIVE TRANSIENT
THERMAL RESISTANCE
1 D = 0.5
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.05 Normalized to θja at 10s.
0.02 Chip 0.0175 Ω 0.0710 Ω 0.2706 Ω 0.5776 Ω 0.7086 Ω
0.01
0.01
0.0154 F 0.0854 F 0.3074 F 1.7891 F 107.55 F
SINGLE PULSE Ambient
0.001
1.0E–05 1.0E–04 1.0E–03 1.0E–02 1.0E–01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03
t, TIME (s)
Figure 13. Thermal Response
di/dt
IS
trr
ta tb
TIME
tp 0.25 IS
IS
0.060
1.52
0.275 0.155
7.0 4.0
0.024 0.050
0.6 1.270
inches
mm
SOLDERING PRECAUTIONS
The melting temperature of solder is higher than the rated • The soldering temperature and time shall not exceed
temperature of the device. When the entire device is heated 260°C for more than 10 seconds.
to a high temperature, failure to complete soldering within a • When shifting from preheating to soldering, the maximum
short time could result in device failure. Therefore, the temperature gradient shall be 5°C or less.
following items should always be observed in order to • After soldering has been completed, the device should be
minimize the thermal stress to which the devices are allowed to cool naturally for at least three minutes.
subjected. Gradual cooling should be used as the use of forced
• Always preheat the device. cooling will increase the temperature gradient and result
• The delta temperature between the preheat and soldering in latent failure due to mechanical stress.
should be 100°C or less.* • Mechanical stress or shock should not be applied during
• When preheating and soldering, the temperature of the cooling.
leads and the case must not exceed the maximum
temperature ratings as shown on the data sheet. When * Soldering a device without preheating can cause excessive
using infrared heating with the reflow soldering method, thermal shock and stress which can result in damage to the
the difference shall be a maximum of 10°C. device.
150°C
150°C
SOLDER IS LIQUID FOR
40 TO 80 SECONDS
100°C 140°C (DEPENDING ON
100°C MASS OF ASSEMBLY)
NOTES:
–A– J 1. DIMENSIONS A AND B ARE DATUMS AND T IS A
M
DATUM SURFACE.
B
2. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
X 45 _
8 5 Y14.5M, 1982.
M
3. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETER.
P
0.25 (0.010)
4. DIMENSION A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD
R
–B–
4X
PROTRUSION.
1 5. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 PER SIDE.
4 6. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 TOTAL IN EXCESS
OF THE D DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL
M_ CONDITION.
G
MILLIMETERS
DIM MIN MAX
F
A 4.80 5.00
B 3.80 4.00
C 1.35 1.75
C
–T– SEATING D 0.35 0.49
PLANE F 0.40 1.25
D G 1.27 BSC
K
8X
J 0.18 0.25
0.25 (0.010) M T B S A S K 0.10 0.25
M 0_ 7_
P 5.80 6.20
R 0.25 0.50
STYLE 11:
PIN 1. SOURCE 1
2. GATE 1
3. SOURCE 2
CASE 751–05 4. GATE 2
5. DRAIN 2
SO–8 6. DRAIN 2
ISSUE P 7. DRAIN 1
8. DRAIN 1
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*MMDF4N01HD/D*
◊ MMDF4N01HD/D
10 Motorola TMOS Power MOSFET Transistor Device Data