Test Bank For Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 7th Edition by Martini

Test Bank for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 7th Edition by Martini
Test Bank for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology

7th Edition by Martini
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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 7e, Global Edition (Martini/Bartholomew)
Chapter 10 The Endocrine System
10.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called

A) exocrine cells.
B) first messengers.
C) target cells.
D) second messengers.
E) G-proteins.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
2) The nervous system

A) is ideal for crisis management.
B) communicates mainly by the release of hormones.
C) has effects that are very long-lived.
D) is regulated mainly by positive feedback.
E) does not rely on the binding of receptors to target cells.
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
3) The endocrine system

A) releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.
B) is regulated mainly by positive feedback.
C) produces effects that last for seconds or minutes.
D) is not involved in homeostasis.
E) relies on the release of chemicals that bind to target cells.
Answer: E
4) Generally, the actions of hormones

A) tend to be less widespread than actions of the nervous system.
B) can produce complex changes in physical structure and physiological changes.
C) are faster to react than the nervous system.
D) are shorter-lasting than the actions of the nervous system.
E) do not affect homeostasis.
Answer: B
1
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Ltd.
Figure 10-1 Organs and Tissues of the Endocrine System
Use Figure 10-1 to identify the labeled part.
5) Structure A is the
A) pituitary gland.
B) hypothalamus.
C) pineal gland.
D) thymus.
E) thyroid gland.
Answer: B
2
6) Structure B is the
A) pituitary gland.
B) hypothalamus.
C) pineal gland.
D) thymus.
E) thyroid gland.
Answer: A
7) Structure C is the
A) pituitary gland.
B) hypothalamus.
C) pineal gland.
D) thymus.
E) thyroid gland.
Answer: E
8) Structure D is the
A) adrenal gland.
B) parathyroid gland.
C) ovary.
D) thymus gland.
E) thyroid gland.
Answer: A
9) Structure E is the
A) adrenal gland.
C) ovary.
D) stomach.
E) pancreas.
Answer: E
3
10) Structure F is the
A) pituitary gland.
B) hypothalamus.
C) pineal gland.
D) thymus.
E) thyroid gland.
Answer: C
11) Structure G is the

A) pituitary gland.
C) pineal gland.
D) thymus.
E) thyroid gland.
Answer: B
12) Which statement is true regarding structure H?

A) This organ produces only one hormone.
B) This organ produces many hormones.
C) This organ is an important endocrine gland.
D) This organ is the thyroid gland.
E) This organ is the pancreas.
Answer: A
13) Structure I is
A) the parathyroid gland.
B) adipose tissue.
C) the pancreas.
D) the adrenal gland.
E) the thymus.
Answer: E
4
14) Structure J is
A) adipose tissue.
B) the thyroid gland.
C) the pancreas.
D) the parathyroid gland.
E) the adrenal gland.
Answer: A
15) Which statement is true regarding organ K or the organ system to which it belongs?
A) This organ is a major endocrine gland.
B) This organ is the pancreas.
C) This organ system makes only one hormone.
D) This organ belongs to the digestive system.
E) This organ system has both digestive and endocrine functions.
Answer: E
16) Which statement is true regarding structure L?

A) This is the adrenal gland.
B) This organ is a major endocrine gland.
C) This organ makes no hormones.
D) The organ is labeled just because the adrenal gland sits upon it.
E) This organ has a secondary endocrine function.
Answer: E
17) These organs labeled M produce hormones involved in

A) digestion.
B) respiration.
C) reproduction.
D) muscle contraction.
E) calcium absorption from blood.
Answer: C
5
18) In the simplest case, endocrine activity may be controlled by changes in the extracellular
fluid composition called ________ stimuli.
A) hormonal
B) cellular
C) neural
D) membrane
E) humoral
Answer: E
19) The hormone leptin is secreted by (the)

A) pancreas.
B) kidneys.
C) adipose tissue.
D) hypothalamus.
E) anterior pituitary.
Answer: C
20) Peptide hormones are

A) composed of chains of amino acids.
B) released by the reproductive organs.
C) derived from arachidonic acid.
D) lipids.
E) chemically related to cholesterol.
Answer: A
21) Steroid hormones

A) are proteins.
B) are structurally similar to cholesterol.
C) are the largest class of hormones.
D) include pancreatic hormones.
E) are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
Answer: B
6
22) Which of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative?
A) ADH
B) melatonin
C) oxytocin
D) growth hormone
E) prolactin
Answer: B
23) Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of one or more hormones
in the anterior lobe are called
A) permissive hormones.
B) synergistic hormones.
C) regulating hormones.
D) stimulating hormones.
E) releasing hormones.
Answer: E
24) Which of the following hormones bind to membrane receptors and activate G-proteins?
A) peptide hormones
B) steroid hormones
C) estrogen
D) thyroid hormones
E) cortisol
Answer: A
25) The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the

A) thyroid gland.
B) pancreas.
C) suprarenal glands.
D) hypothalamus.
E) thymus.
Answer: D
7
26) All hormones are
A) steroids.
B) cholesterol based.
C) proteins.
D) inorganic compounds.
E) chemical messengers.
Answer: E
27) When a protein or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell,
A) the hormone receptor complex moves into the cytoplasm.
B) the plasma membrane becomes depolarized.
C) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm.
D) the cell becomes inactive.
E) the hormone is transported to the nucleus, where it alters the activity of the DNA.
Answer: C
28) Steroid hormones

A) bind to receptors on the surface of the cell.
B) function by way of a second messenger system.
C) cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane.
D) bind to intracellular receptors.
E) function by activating cAMP.
Answer: D
29) Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by

A) positive feedback.
B) the quantity of circulating hormone.
C) negative feedback.
D) cellular demands.
E) body temperature.
Answer: C
8
30) An important second messenger in hormonal action is
A) cAMP.
B) calcitriol.
C) insulin.
D) calcium.
E) glucagon.
Answer: A
31) Cyclic AMP often causes activation of

A) calcium ion channels.
B) myosin kinase.
C) phosphodiesterase.
D) kinase enzymes.
E) steroids.
Answer: D
32) The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of

A) neural axons, directly.
B) direct mechanical control.
C) releasing and inhibiting hormones.
D) altering ion concentrations in the anterior pituitary.
E) gap junctions.
Answer: A
33) Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion?

A) steroid hormones
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine
C) amino acid derivatives
D) peptide hormones
E) oxytocin
Answer: A
9
34) Which statement is true regarding steroid hormones?
A) They are carbohydrates.
B) They cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane.
C) They do not bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
D) They cannot change the nature or number of enzymes in the cytoplasm.
E) They can alter the rate of mRNA transcription.
Answer: E
35) Hormones from the ________, which travel in the hypophyseal portal vessels, alter the
activity of the anterior pituitary.
A) brain stem
B) hypothalamus
C) cerebellum
D) thyroid
E) thalamus
Answer: B
36) Which of the following primarily targets the gonads (ovaries and testes)?
A) growth hormone
B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) prolactin
D) insulin
E) thyroxine
Answer: B
37) The posterior pituitary gland stores

A) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
D) oxytocin (OT).
E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
Answer: D
10
38) Target cells of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the
A) thymus gland.
B) suprarenal gland.
C) anterior pituitary.
D) posterior pituitary.
E) testes.
Answer: C
39) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is

A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) MSH.
Answer: B
40) The pituitary hormone that promotes testosterone release in males and ovulation in females is
A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) FSH.
D) LH.
E) GH.
Answer: D
41) Which of the following hormones is secreted by the human pituitary during fetal
development in very young children and in pregnant women, but is not usually found in adults?
A) MSH
B) TSH
C) ACTH
D) LH
E) PRL
Answer: A
11
42) Another name for antidiuretic hormone is
A) cortisol.
B) parathyroid hormone.
C) thymosin.
D) growth hormone.
E) vasopressin.
Answer: E
43) Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?
A) thyroid
B) anterior pituitary
C) hypothalamus
D) posterior pituitary
E) suprarenal gland
Answer: C
44) Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

A) GH and TSH.
B) FSH and LH.
C) ADH and ACTH.
D) PRL and OT.
E) ADH and OT.
Answer: B
45) Excessive urine production, which is a characteristic symptom of all forms of diabetes, is
known as
A) polyphagia.
B) polydipsia.
C) polyuria.
D) polymyositis.
E) diabetes mellitus.
Answer: C
12
46) Which of the following is released by the posterior pituitary?
A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
B) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
C) growth hormone (GH)
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
E) melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Answer: D
47) Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the

A) infundibulum.
B) hypophyseal portal system.
C) hypothalamic axons.
D) hypophysis.
E) thymus.
Answer: B
48) The hormone oxytocin

A) reduces uterine contractions.
B) is involved in the milk "letdown" reflex.
C) regulates blood pressure.
D) governs the ovarian cycle.
E) stimulates melanocytes in the skin.
Answer: B
49) The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone

A) oxytocin.
B) renin.
C) ADH.
D) melatonin.
E) calcitonin.
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
13
50) The pituitary hormone that stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty
acids into the bloods is
A) TSH.
B) ACTH.
C) MSH.
D) LH.
E) GH.
Answer: E
51) Diabetes insipidus can be caused by

A) decreased levels of insulin.
B) decreased numbers of insulin receptors.
C) failure of the kidneys to respond to ADH.
D) increased numbers of ADH receptors.
E) increased levels of ADH.
Answer: C
52) This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of
ADH.
A) diabetes mellitus
B) diabetes insipidus
C) pituitary dwarfism
D) exophthalmos
E) gigantism
Answer: B
53) Which statement is true about the pituitary?

A) The anterior pituitary controls the posterior pituitary.
B) The alternate name for the pituitary is the infundibulum.
C) The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary only.
D) The pituitary hormones all work by activating G proteins and triggering cAMP within cells.
E) The pituitary glands, both anterior and posterior, control every other endocrine gland.
Answer: D
14
54) Which statement regarding growth hormone (GH) is true?
A) GH stimulates the breakdown of stored fats and the release of fatty acids into the blood.
B) Liver cells respond to GH by releasing prostaglandins.
C) Skeletal muscle cells and chondrocytes are extremely insensitive to GH.
D) GH production is regulated by releasing and inhibiting hormones from the thyroid.
E) In epithelial tissues, GH inhibits stem cell division.
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
55) Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect?
A) pituitary gland
B) suprarenal gland
C) parathyroid gland
D) thyroid gland
E) thymus
Answer: D
56) Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid

A) lysine.
B) leucine.
C) glycine.
D) tyrosine.
E) thyronine.
Answer: D
57) Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the

A) thyroid gland.
B) pancreas.
C) parathyroid glands.
D) hypothalamus.
E) anterior pituitary.
Answer: A
15
58) Which endocrine gland stores its hormone in follicle cavities?
A) anterior pituitary
B) pancreas
C) thymus
D) thyroid
E) posterior pituitary
Answer: D
59) Unlike other hormones, T3 and T4 hormones require ________ for production.
A) iron
B) carbon
C) phosphorus
D) iodine
E) fluorine
Answer: D
60) Disorders associated with thyroid hormone excess have symptoms related to
A) weight loss.
B) weight gain.
C) diabetes.
D) slow heartbeat.
E) excess pigmentation of the skin.
Answer: A
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
61) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to decreased levels of calcium ions in
the blood.
A) thymosin
B) parathyroid hormone
C) calcitonin
D) aldosterone
E) cortisol
Answer: C
16
62) The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is
A) parathyroid hormone.
B) thyroid hormone.
C) calcitonin.
D) glucagon.
E) oxytocin.
Answer: A
63) The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by

A) thyroid hormone.
B) TSH.
C) the hypothalamus.
D) blood calcium ion levels.
E) cellular oxygen consumption.
Answer: D
64) The target organs for the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are
A) bone.
B) kidney.
C) digestive system.
D) kidneys, bone, and digestive system.
E) none of these.
Answer: D
65) The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is

A) insulin.
B) glucagon.
C) growth hormone.
D) parathyroid hormone.
E) thyroid hormone.
Answer: D
17
66) Parathyroid hormone stimulates the kidneys to form
A) calcitriol.
B) renin.
C) ADH.
D) triiodothyronine.
E) calcitonin.
Answer: A
67) Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes
synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced,
but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem?
A) No, the synthetic thyroid hormone will also control the calcium.
B) Possibly, it depends on whether the parathyroid glands were taken with the thyroid by
accident.
C) No, hormones from the liver and kidneys will regulate calcium through the intestinal tract.
D) Yes, without the calcitonin, high blood levels of calcium will cause convulsions.
E) Yes, without the calcitonin she may suffer heart failure.
Answer: B
68) Which statement is true about the adrenal glands?

A) The adrenal cortex regulates the adrenal medulla.
B) The hormones of the adrenal cortex rely on control by the autonomic nervous system.
C) The adrenal cortex is most important in the control of sodium, potassium, and glucose blood
levels.
D) The adrenal androgen hormones are found only in males.
E) The main hormone of the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine.
Answer: C
69) Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

A) epinephrine.
B) ADH.
C) corticosteroids.
D) parathyroid hormone.
E) insulin.
Answer: C
18
70) One hormone that is released from the adrenal medulla is
A) insulin.
B) aldosterone.
C) cortisol.
D) androgen.
E) epinephrine.
Answer: E
71) Aldosterone is the principal

A) mineralocorticoid.
B) thyroid hormone.
C) glucocorticoid.
D) pancreatic hormone.
E) androgen.
Answer: A
72) The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces

A) androgens.
B) glucocorticoids.
C) epinephrine.
D) mineralocorticoids.
E) steroids.
Answer: D
73) One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is

A) thymosin.
B) cortisol.
C) aldosterone.
D) epinephrine.
E) gonadotropin.
Answer: B
19
74) Increased sodium ion concentrations in the body can be caused by which adrenal hormone?
A) cortisol
B) erythropoietin
C) thymosin
D) aldosterone
E) renin
Answer: D
75) The hormone responsible for daily changes in physiological processes that follow a day-
night pattern is
A) melanin.
B) thyroxine.
C) melatonin.
D) corticosteroid.
E) aldosterone.
Answer: C
76) Melatonin is the hormone produced by the

A) anterior pituitary.
B) thyroid.
C) pineal gland.
D) thymus.
E) posterior pituitary.
Answer: C
77) Which hormone is a very effective antioxidant, one that may protect CNS neurons from free
radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)?
A) insulin
B) melanin
C) calcitonin
D) glucagon
E) melatonin
Answer: E
20
78) The alpha cells of the pancreas produce
A) insulin.
B) glucagon.
C) rennin.
D) ADH.
E) parathyroid hormone.
Answer: B
79) Which of the following is the pancreatic hormone that is released when blood glucose levels
rise?
A) growth hormone
B) cortisol
C) insulin
D) glucagon
E) erythropoietin
Answer: C
80) When blood glucose levels fall,

A) insulin is released.
B) glucagon is released.
C) skeletal muscle cells convert glucose into glycogen for storage.
D) protein synthesis increases.
E) fat cells increase their rates of triglyceride synthesis.
Answer: B
81) Insulin causes

A) decreased rate of glucose transport into target cells.
B) decreased amino acid absorption.
C) conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscles.
D) increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue.
E) increased blood glucose levels.
Answer: C
21
82) The hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells would result in
A) decreased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver and skeletal muscles.
B) increased triglyceride synthesis in adipose tissues.
C) increased rate of glucose utilization.
D) increased rate of ATP generation.
E) increased synthesis and release of glucose by the liver.
Answer: E
83) Regarding pancreatic hormones,

A) parasympathetic stimulation inhibits insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation enhances it.
B) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation inhibit insulin release.
C) both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation enhance insulin release.
D) sympathetic stimulation inhibits glucagon release.
E) parasympathetic stimulation enhances insulin release, and sympathetic stimulation inhibits it.
Answer: E
84) Which of the following hormones is/are produced by both the testes and the ovaries?
A) inhibin
B) estrogens
C) progestins
D) androgens
E) testosterone
Answer: A
85) Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce

A) estrogen.
B) progesterone.
C) leptin.
D) testosterone.
E) renin.
Answer: D
22
86) Preparation of the uterus for implantation results from stimulation by
A) growth hormone.
B) thyroid hormone.
C) testosterone.
D) mineralocorticoids.
E) progesterone.
Answer: E
87) The hormone that is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in kidney
tissues is
A) angiotensin.
B) cortisol.
C) erythropoietin.
D) renin.
E) epinephrine.
Answer: C
88) Which hormone's secretion promotes the loss of sodium ions and water by the kidneys and
inhibits renin release?
A) erythropoietin
B) aldosterone
C) thymosin
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
E) glucagon
Answer: D
89) Which of the following could cause ineffective synthesis of calcitriol?

A) increased levels of thymosins
B) decreased availability of vitamin D3
C) increased levels of MSH
D) increased levels of gonadotropins
E) inability to produce sufficient amounts of erythropoietin
Answer: B
23
90) You are a 24-year-old woman who loves to run about 5 miles per day, every day. You are
eating regularly and have the stamina to run long distances, but you are very slender. One of the
problems that you might likely experience would be
A) a heart attack.
B) fluctuating blood glucose levels.
C) erratic sodium blood levels.
D) vision-related.
E) becoming pregnant.
Answer: E
91) The hormone that dominates during the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome
(GAS) is
A) testosterone.
B) aldosterone.
C) cortisol.
D) thyroid hormone.
E) epinephrine.
Answer: E
92) The hormones that dominate during the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation
Syndrome (GAS) are the
A) mineralocorticoids.
B) androgens.
C) glucocorticoids.
D) thyroid hormones.
E) gonadotropins.
Answer: C
93) Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes

A) Cushing disease.
B) cretinism.
C) acromegaly.
D) goiter.
E) Addison's disease.
Answer: A
24
94) During the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), there is
A) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin.
B) decreased mental alertness.
C) mobilization of glycogen and lipid reserves.
D) increased urine production.
E) decreased respiratory rate.
Answer: C
95) The Exhaustion Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is characterized by
A) the inability to produce glucocorticoids.
B) increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen.
C) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart.
D) increased protein synthesis.
E) increased sweat gland secretion.
Answer: A
96) Thyroid hormone insufficiency in infancy results in which of the following?

A) Addison's disease
B) goiter
C) Cushing disease
D) acromegaly
E) cretinism
Answer: E
97) During the Resistance Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome, which hormones are
responsible for maintaining blood volume and the conservation of salts and water?
A) mineralocorticoids (with ADH)
B) epinephrine and norepinephrine
C) glucocorticoids
D) growth hormone (with PRL)
E) glucagon (with ADH)
Answer: A
25
Test Bank for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology 7th Edition by Martini
98) The fact that epinephrine has no apparent effect on energy consumption unless thyroid
hormones are present in normal concentrations is an example of a(n)
A) antagonistic effect.
B) synergistic effect.
C) permissive effect.
D) opposing effect.
E) integrative effect.
Answer: C
10.2 Essay Questions
1) When you visit your 85-year-old grandmother, you always wonder why she keeps the
temperature of her apartment so high. You sweat the entire time you are there while she wears a
sweater. In addition, you notice that she seems to have no energy and never wants to go out with
you. You know that it is not because she is not getting enough food because she seems to be
gaining weight. What is the likely endocrinological problem that she has? Explain why each
symptom is occurring, relative to the hormone that is related to the disorder.
Answer: Your grandmother has hypothyroidism due to a deficiency of thyroxine, perhaps due to
an autoimmune problem. The thyroxine deficiency means that the metabolic rate of the body will
be lower than normal. Her cells will be burning fewer calories and producing less heat
(byproduct of metabolism). The weight gain is representative of the fewer calories being used by
her cells, so the nutrients not being used are being stored as fat. This also relates to her lack of
energy. Because her cells are metabolizing slower, they make less heat to be dispersed
throughout her body. So, her body temperature is lower, and she is cold all of the time.
2) Explain the interactions of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Answer: Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin are antagonistic hormones, which are released in
response to blood calcium levels. In other words, PTH acts on the same target organs as
calcitonin, but produces the opposite effects. Parathyroid hormone is released from the
parathyroid glands, and calcitonin is released from the thyroid gland. If blood calcium
concentration is high, calcitonin is released. Calcitonin activates osteoblasts and causes calcium
to be deposited in bone and thus removed from the blood, restoring normal concentration levels.
Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium concentration is too low. PTH activates
osteoclasts in bone. This causes reabsorption of calcium from the bone and release into the
blood, restoring normal blood levels of calcium.
26
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10.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Peripheral structures sensitive to the presence of hormones are called

2) The nervous system

3) The endocrine system

4) Generally, the actions of hormones

Use Figure 10-1 to identify the labeled part.

11) Structure G is the

12) Which statement is true regarding structure H?

16) Which statement is true regarding structure L?

17) These organs labeled M produce hormones involved in

19) The hormone leptin is secreted by (the)

20) Peptide hormones are

21) Steroid hormones

25) The highest level of endocrine control is provided by the

28) Steroid hormones

29) Hormone concentration levels are most commonly controlled by

31) Cyclic AMP often causes activation of

32) The hypothalamus transports hormones to the posterior pituitary by way of

33) Which of the following hormones enter a cell by diffusion?

37) The posterior pituitary gland stores

39) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids is

44) Two hormones referred to as gonadotropins are

47) Hypothalamic signals reach the anterior pituitary through the

48) The hormone oxytocin

49) The effect of prolactin closely interacts with the hormone

51) Diabetes insipidus can be caused by

53) Which statement is true about the pituitary?

56) Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid

57) Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the

63) The release of parathyroid hormone is controlled by

65) The hormone that inhibits osteoblasts is

68) Which statement is true about the adrenal glands?

69) Cells of the adrenal cortex produce

71) Aldosterone is the principal

72) The outer zone of the adrenal cortex produces

73) One adrenal hormone that affects glucose metabolism is

76) Melatonin is the hormone produced by the

80) When blood glucose levels fall,

81) Insulin causes

83) Regarding pancreatic hormones,

85) Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce

89) Which of the following could cause ineffective synthesis of calcitriol?

93) Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes

96) Thyroid hormone insufficiency in infancy results in which of the following?

10.2 Essay Questions

2) Explain the interactions of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

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