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Tridax procumbens (COAT BUTTONS) -A GIFT OF NATURE: AN OVERVIEW

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Pharmacological Benefits of Natural Products (ISBN: 978-81-934054-2-0)

First Edition,
Chapter – 12, Page: 193 - 212

12
Tridax procumbens (COAT BUTTONS) – A GIFT
OF NATURE: AN OVERVIEW
R. Amutha1, A. Sudha2 and P. Pandiselvi2,
1
Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University PG Extension Centre, Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu, India.
2
Department of Microbiology, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Science for Women (Autonomous).
Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India.

*Corresponding author: drramutha@rocket mail.com; sudha29.a@gmail.com

1. Introduction
In the world India is one of the country which is well known for its indigenous
valuable flora and fauna of an excellent therapeutic potential. Among the 12 mega
biodiversity countries of world, India is a biggest source of rich vegetation and huge
varieties of medicinally valuable plants which are the major part of people healthy life.
Many developing countries and India using medicinal plants could be considered as a
„Living Tradition‟. The dependence on plants constitutes a major component of cultural
heritage in India which reflected on customs and lifestyles throughout the country (Binu
et al., 1992).

India having the rich background history of traditionally valuable medicine. In

India different medicinal systems is practiced like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Amchi and
Homoeopathy. Many of the people utilize a large number of plants for the treatment of
various diseases includes human and animal diseases. Those plants used for treatments
are called as valuable" medicinal plants” (Gaikwadi et al., 2003). It is no wonder that the
one-fourth population of world i.e. 1.42 billion people, are using medicinal plants as
home remedies for maintain our health and also depends on traditional medicines which
are used for the treatment of various ailments (Reddy, 2004).

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Most of the people moving towards the medicinal herbs for seeking remedies and
health approaches. Synthetic chemicals caused many side effects but the herbal
medicines are free from side effects. So now a day‟s considerable attention has been paid
by researches to utilize ecofriendly and bio-friendly plant based products. These products
are used to prevention and cure of various human diseases (Dubey et al., 2004).
According to World Health Organization (WHO) reports in developing countries nearly
80 per cent of the people consuming traditional medicines for sustaining health and
vitality. According to one estimation in entire world, 20,000 to 35,000 species of plants
are used as medicines, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and neutraceuticals (Trivedi, 2006).

It is now believed that nature become a good source to cure of every disease in
one way or another. The scientists today are emphasizing about plant products and they
are very much interested on evaluating and characterising of various plants. Plant
constituents like unique bioactive compounds which are playing a role of traditional
healer against a number of diseases in Ayurveda. Form thousands of years the medicinal
agents are derived from the source of nature. Natural plants having remarkable role in
deriving modern drugs because most of these drugs have been isolated from natural
resources. Traditional medicine is an important source of potentially useful new
compounds for the development of chemotherapeutic agents (Anil Saini et al., 2016).

2. General description of Tridax procumbens

Tridax procumbens is in the daisy family which are flowering plant species. This
family commonly known as „Ghamra‟. The appearance of flowers they are popularly
known as„coat buttons‟ in English. In Ayurvadic medicinal system Tridax used for
various ailments and is dispensed for “Bhringraj”. Many Ayurveda practitioners are
using this plant as a medicine for liver Disorders (Saxena and Albert, 2005).

Figure – 1: Tridax spread in world

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The native of the plant is tropical America and naturalized in tropical Africa,
Asia, Australia and India. Throughout India, Tridax is distributed and is also found
along roadsides, meadows, waste grounds, railroads, riverbanks, dikes and dunes. It is
an widespread important weed which possess spreading stems and abundant seed
production (Chauhan et al., 2008).

3. Morphological Structure
Leaves
Leaves are irregularly toothed and generally arrow head shaped. They are simple,
ovate, opposite, exstipulate, lanceolate and they are 3 - 7 cm. Wedge shaped base leaf,
shortly petioled, hairy on both surfaces.

Figure – 2: Tridax procumbens whole plant and leaf

Stem
The plant stem is ascending 30-50cm height, branched, sparsely hairy, rooting at
nodes.

Flowers
The plant flowers are looking like daisy .The flower is tubular, yellow centered
white or yellow flowers with three-toothed ray florets. Inflorescence capitulum. It has
two types of flower: ray florets and disc florets with basal palcentation. Sometimes the
flowers are 3 lobed with long, penduncled heads. Achenes black narrowly obconnical,
2.0-2.5 mm long with feathery pappus. Flowering- Fruiting throughout the year.

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Figure – 3: Tridax procumbens flowers

Fruit
Fruit is a hard achene covered with stiff hairs and having a feathery. At one end
It has plume like white pappus. The plant is invasive in part because it produces so many
achenes and each achene can catch the wind in its pappus and be carried some distance.

Calyx
It is represented by scales or reduced to pappus.

Seed
The plant Seeds have pendulous embryo, endosperm is absent (Jain Ankitaey et
al., 2012; Kopperundevi Ramachandran et al., 2017).

Figure – 4: Tridax procumbens seeds

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3. Botanical Description
Kingdom - Plantae
Sub-kingdom - Tracheobionta
Division - Magnoliophyta
Class - Magnoliopsida
Sub-class - Asteridae
Order - Asterales
Family - Asteraceae
Genus - Tridax
Species - procumbens

4. Vernacular Names
English - Coat Buttons and Tridax Daisy,
Hindi - Ghamra,
Sanskrit - Jayanti Veda,
Marathi - Dagadi Pala,
Telugu - Gaddi Chemanthi,
Tamil - Thata poodu,
Malayalam - Chiravanak,
Spanish - Cadillp Chisaca,
French - Herbe Caille,
Chinese - Kotobukigiku (Satish et al., 2012)

5. Chemical Composition
The components of chemical present in plant are the oleanolic acid, fumeric acid,
fl-sitosterol and tannin. In leaf extract contains alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids
(catechins and flavones), saponins and tannins. Calcium, magnesium, potassium,
sodium and selenium are the composition of minerals present in leaves. Luteolin,
glucoluteolin, quercetin and isoquercetin in flowers. Leaf contains crude proteins - 26
percentage, crude fiber - 17 percentage soluble carbohydrates – 39 percentage calcium
oxide - 5percentage (Christudas et al., 2012).

Reports from pharmaceutical chemistry showed that there were many isolated
constituents from T. procumbens, including: saturated and unsaturated fatty acids [9],
terpenoids, flavonoids, lipids, polysaccharides, such as β-sitosterol, puerarine,
dexamethason, esculetin, oleanolic acid, lupeol, quercetin, isoquercetin, fumaric acid,
centaureidin, and luteoline .

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Two different Compounds isolated from ethyl acetate extract named β-sitosterol-
3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (daucosterol) and 3′,5-dihydroxy-4′,3,6-trimethoxyflavone-7-
O-β--glucopyranoside (centaurein) daucosterol and centaurein also reported in the root
of T. procumbens (Hoa Thien Do Nguyen et al., 2015).

Leaves juice contains dexamethasone. Isolation of methyl 14-oxooctadecanoate,

methyl 14-oxononacosanoate, 3-methyl-nonadecylbenzene, heptacosanylcyclohexane
carboxylate. Arachidic, behenic, lauric, linoleic, linolenic, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic
and stearic acids (2016 Birla Institute of Scientific Research).

6. Pharmacological activities
Tridax procumbens having various potential therapeutic activities like antimicrobial
activity, anti oxidant, antibiotic efficacies, wound healing activity, insecticidal, anti-
inflammatory activity, diarrhea and dysentery. Leaf juice is used to cure fresh wounds,
to stop bleeding, as a hair tonic. In India, Tridax procumbens mainly used for wound
healing, as anticoagulant, antifungal and insect repellent. In folk medicines leaf extracts
were known to treat infectious skin diseases. It is a well known medicine for liver
disorders or hepatoprotective nature besides gastritis and heart burn. Tridax procumbens is
used as bioabsorbent for removal of harmful Cr(VI) from the industrial wastewater
(Vishnu Priya et al., 2011).

Antimicrobial
activity

Anticancer activity Antioxidant activity

Antiinflammatory
Repellency activity
activity

Restore hair Wound healing

Figure – 5: Pharmacological activities of Tridax procumbens

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7. Antibacterial activity
The Tridax procumbens having antibacterial activity which was tested against the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pseudomonas is the nosocomial strain which was isolated from
ventilator associated with pneumonia patient secretions like tracheal secretions and
broncho alveolar lavage. This study reported that the ethanolic extract showed very
good anti bacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Increased zone of inhibition
at the concentration of 5 mg/ml. The strain was compared to some control antibiotics
like augmentin, ciprofloxacin, cephotaxime and even ticarcillin showed resistant
whereas the sensitivity only to imipenem. This report was a statistically significant
because the ethanol extract of tridax having inhibition zone against the leading gram-
negative bacteria associated with nosocomial infections (Paramythiotu et al., 2004).

Whole plant of Tridax is having antibacterial activity. In this whole plant extract
with two Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus) and two Gram negative
(Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. This report showed that the
effective antibacterial activity of Tridax whole plant only against with Pseudomonas
aeruginosa by the method of Disc diffusion (Mahato et al., 2005).

The leaf extract of Tridax procumbens used for the analyzing of antibacterial
activity by using various solvents like hexane, chloroform, butanol, ethanol and water.
Antibiotic test carried out with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus sp.,
Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Citrobacter sp.
and Serratia marcescens by Disc diffusion method. Gram negative bacteria showed the
more zone of inhibition reported in this study (Dhasarathan et al., 2011).

Antibacterial activity was carried out with different solvent extracts Tridax
procumbens leaf against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Vibrio
cholerae. In this study 5 different solvents like hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform and
methanol were used. Antibacterial activity tested against both gram positive
(Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative (Enterobacter aerogenes) by
using Agar well diffusion method. Results indicated that more bioactive compound
present in methanol than in hexane extract (Sathya et al., 2012).

Three different enteropathogens are tested against methanol extract of Tridax

procumbens by Disc diffusion method. The methanol extract showed highest activity
against Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri and least activity against Escherichia coli
(Muthusamy et al., 2013).

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8. Antifungal activity
Antifungal activity of Tridax procumbens with whole plant extract used against the
phytopathogenic fungi, Aspergillus niger and the leaf extract was tested against Fusarium
oxysporum and the results showed that good antifungal activity (Bobbarala et al., 2009).

Essential oil extracted from Tridax procumbens have reported to antifungal activity
against 3 different fungi Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis about
12 – 15 mm zone of inhibition (Manjamalai et al., 2012). The bioactive compound of
flavonoids from Tridax procumbens tested for potential antifungal activity against
Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans and Trichophyton sp. and the report
showed higher sensitivity of Candida albicans indicating the antifungal potential of
flavonoids from the plant (Jindal and Kumar, 2013).

Methanol extract of Tridax procumbens prepared from different parts of plant like
leaf, stem, flower and root showed significant inhibitory activity against Candida albicans
(MTCC 227 and MTCC 3017). The inhibition zone ranging from 8 mm to 13 mm at 100
mg/ml concentration. The methanol extract of root exhibited antifungal activity against
Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata. While the methanol leaf extract of Tridax
procumbens L., exhibited the susceptibility of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. This
evidence supports for the presence of bioactive compounds in the root extract of
methanol posses the better and effective anti-candidial drug in future. By using natural
fungicidal agents we reduce the usage of commercial chemical fungicides and its
hazardous side effects. In future the extract of Tridax procumbens become effective
therapeutic management of Candida infections (Kamble and Moon, 2015).

9. Antiprotozoan activity
Tridax procumbens L. extracts were screened for antitrypanosomal properties in
mice infected with Trypanosoma bruci and the report shown that insufficient
antitrypanosomal activity (Abubakar et al., 2012).

10. Hypotensive effect

The hypotensive effect of Tridax procumbens leaf was investigated on
anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rat. They showed that leaf of aqueous extract having
cardiovascular effect and it has ability to cause significant dose dependant decreases in
the mean arterial blood pressure. The higher dose indicates significant reduction in heart
rate where as lower dose did not cause any changes in the same. They were reported that
leaves of Tridax procumbens Linn. possess hypotensive effect (Salahdeen et al, 2004).

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11. Immunomodulatory activity

The ethanol leaf extract of Tridax have immunomodulatory effect which was
carried out in Albino rats dosed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa also inhibits proliferation of
same (Oladunmoye, 2006).

Tridax procumbens aqueous extract tested for immunomodulatory activity.

Phagocytic index, leukocyte count and spleenic antibody secreting cells are significantly
increased which was reported to aqueous extract of Tridax in ethanolic insoluble
fraction. Stimulation of humoral immune response was also observed along with
elevation in heamagglutination antibody titer. Also this study reveals that Tridax
influences both humoral as well as cell mediated immune system (Tiwari et al., 2004).

12. Antidiabetic activity

The alcohol and water extract of Tridax procumbens Linn. leaves having
antidiabetic activity which is significantly decrease in the blood glucose level.
Antidiabetic activity tested in the model of alloxan induced diabetis in rats (Bhagwat et al
2008). T. procumbens methnol extract of 50 percent of acute and sub chronic dose
administrated by oral shows to reduces fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. This
plant material does not affect the sugar levels in normal rats (Salahdeen, 2004; Pareek,
2009).

13. Anti-inflammatory activity

The anti-inflammatory activity of Tridax procumbens extract was assessed on
carrageenin induced paw edema along with standard drug, lbuprofen. The inhibition
zone was comparable with extract of Tridax and Ibuprofen (Awasthi et al., 2009). The
Tridax extract increased the inhibition of edema if treated with standard drug lbuprofen.
Drug Ibuprofen with extract of Tridax showed significant anti inflammatory activity.
Water soluble powder of Tridax leaf extract was administrated orally at different doses to
rats. The results demonstrated that the extract possessed analgesic activity. Tridax
procumbens L. dose reduced the abdominal writhing (Prabhu et al., 2011).

Tridax alcoholic and hydro alcoholic extract of anti-inflammatory activity by

using the rat-paw edema assay and showed edema inhibition in the percentage of 10.82,
16.80 and 11.39 (Meshram and Patil 2011).

14. Antioxidant activities

The T. procumbens having the total phenol expressed as gallic acid equivalent
(GAE) show a high phenolic content of 12 mg/g GAE. The result indicates that having

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some relationship between the content of phenols in medicinal plants and antioxidant
activity. Many of the earlier reports support this findings that plant secondary
metabolites like flavonoids, tannins, catechins and other phenolic compounds possesses
potential antioxidant activity (Rice-Evans et al., 1995). The unique bio active compounds
played a preventive role in the development of cancer, heart and age related diseases.
They have also been reported to be chemo-preventive agents by lowering cholesterol and
repairing damage cells (Kahkonen et al., 1999).

The DPPH is a relatively stable Nitrogen centered free radical that easily accepts
an electron or hydrogen, it react with suitable reducing agents as a results of which the
electrons become paired off and the solution losses color depending on the number of
electrons taken up (Blois, 2001)

The Tridax procumbens extracts were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activities.
DPPH method provides a suitable assessment for the evaluation of in vitro antioxidant
activity. It is based on reaction between antioxidant (AH) with nitrogen centered free
radical i.e. DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl, 2- picryl hydrazyl).In the methanol extract of ethyl
acetate and n-Butanol fractions have shown significant activity. The free radicals
scavenging activity of the Tridax procumbens fractions and Ascorbic acid was measured in
terms of hydrogen donating or radical-scavenging ability by using the stable radical
DPPH . Low absorbance of reaction mixture indicates higher free radical scavenging
activity (Agrawal et al., 2008).

15. Hepatoprotective activity

The aerial parts of Tridax shows hepatoprotective activity. The plant posses
significant protection in alleviation of D-Galactosamine/Lipopolysaccharide (D-
GalN/LPS) induced hepatocellular injury. D-GalN/LPS have been proposed to be
hepatotoxic due to its ability to destruct liver cells. The multifocal necrosis produced by
D-GalN and the lesion of viral hepatitis in humans are similar. This amino sugar is
known to selectively block the transcription and indirectly hepatic protein synthesis and
as a consequence of endotoxin toxicity, it causes fulminant hepatitis within 8 hrs after
administration (Vilwanathan, 2005).

16. Repellency activity

Essential oils were extracted by using steam distillation from leaves of Tridax
procumbens Linn. The extracted oil was examined against malaria parasite Anopheles
stephensi in mosquito cages for its topical repellency effects. All essential oils were tested
at three different concentrations (2, 4 and 6 percentage). Of these, the essential oils of
Tridax exhibited relatively high repellency effect (>300 minutes 6 percentage

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concentration) and concluded that Tridax are promising as repellents at the 6 percentage
concentration against Anopheles stephensi (Rajkumar and Jebanesan, 2007).

17. Wound healing activity

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process has the ability to restore the
cellular structures and tissue layers. Whole plant of Tridax procumbens L. Water extract
has ability to set the normal and immune compromised wound healing in rats. Tridax
antagonized antiepithelization and tensile strength depressing effect of dexamethasone
(a known healing suppressant agent) without affecting anticontraction and
antigranulation action of dexamethasone (Nia et al, 2003). The mechanism of wound
healing process of this plant material involves complex interaction between dermal and
epidermal cells, the extra cellular matrix, controlled angiogenesis and plasma-derived
proteins all coordinated by an array of cytokines and growth factors(Bhat et al, 2007).
The plant not only increase lysyl oxidase but also, protein and nucleic acid content in
the granulation tissue, probably due to increase of glycosamino glycan content (Diwan et
al, 1982; Udupa et al, 1991).

Wound healing property of Tridax procumbens aqueous and ethanol extract of

whole plant by using animal models. In this study both excision and incision wounds are
treated with both extracts of plant. Incision wound treated with extract for 14 days. On
14th day after wound healing capacity measured by using Tensiometer. A small portion
of the incised skin was sent for histopathological examination for assessing re-
epithelization and collagen formation. In excision wound treated with plant extract for
15 days. Every three days once the changes in wound area were monitored. The wound
area was evaluated by using graph paper. Tridax procumbens showed significant increase
in Hydroxyproline, Collagen and Hexosamine content which shows the effective wound
healing action (Yogesh Talekar et al., 2012).

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Wound in animal model Wound treated with extract of T. procumbens

Control wound on 15thday T. procumbens extract treated wound on 15th day

Figure – 6: Wound healing activity of Tridax procumbens (Talekar et al., 2012)

18. Anti-cancerous activity

The anticancer activity of Tridax procumbens was tested on prostate epithelial
cancerous cells PC3. Tridax flowers were extracted with water and acetone. Anticancer
activity was determined by MTT assay with cell viability. Both extract were tested on
cell viability assay. In this experiment the basic process based on the yellow soluble salt
MTT changed into to purple blue insoluble Formazan precipitate. This process carried
out by the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase which is produced by viable cells.
Viable cells are quantified spectrophotometrically at 570 nm. The acetone flower extract
showed 82.28 % cancer cell death within 24 hrs and water extract exhibited a very weak
anticancer activity. The results of this analysis revealed the fact that flower crude extract
has anti-cancer activity (Vishnupriya et al, 2011).

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ProstateCancer cells (PC3)

The effect of aqueous extract in Control

The effect of acetone of flower on Prostate cells extract of flower on PC3 cells

Figure – 7: Anticancer activity of Tridax procumbens (Vishnupriya et al., 2011)

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19. Antileishmanial activity

The Tridax procumbens leaves extract and the Allium sativum extract combined
with produce effective action against Leishmania mexicana. To analyze antileishmanial
activity in vivo assay was performed on mice injected with Leishmania mexicana
promastigotes. The mice were treated with either Tridax procumbens extract or Allium
sativum extract upto 14 days. Then, the14th day effect was monitored and compared with
control group. The liver injury and other acute toxicity parameter were determined by .
After 12th week period of infection, the blood sample was collected and determine by
noncommercial indirect ELISA with total immune globulins. The result showed an
increasing 1 type immune response in mice increased ratio of IgG2a per IgG1 indicates a
tendency to raise the immune response. The mixture of both Tridax procumbens and
Allium sativum extract is a promising natural treatment for the crucial disease cutaneous
Leishmaniasis (Gamboa et al., 2014).

20. Antihyperlipidemic activity

Tridax procumbens leave extract significantly decreased the accumulation of lipid
content. By the presence of antioxidant molecules in extract they are having the
Antihyperlipidemic activity. This activity tested on HepG2 cells. When the cells are
treated with 20 mg/ml of extracts of Tridax procumbens and 1mM of oleic acid, no lipid
accumulation observed in HepG2 cells. The leaves extract of Tridax procumbens had
significant effect to decrease lipid content in HepG2 cells when compared with the
normal model control. Hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress effects leads to
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, we analyzed that the
antihyperlipidemic of Tridax procumbens leaves would attenuate events leading to
NAFLD. The leaf extract of Tridax procumbens may be used as prophylactic agents to
prevent the induced disorders such as atherosclerosis and other. From this our results
suggest the potential therapeutic uses of hydroethanolic extract of Tridax procumbens in
the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and related diseases (Koukoui et al.,
2015).

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HepG2 cells incubated with OA without extract

HepG2 cells incubated with 1mM OA 1mM and 20 mg/ml of T. procumbens extract

Figure - 8: Antihyperlipidemic activity (Koukoui et al., 2015)

21. Defluoridation activity

Natural fluoride present in drinking water. Water companies added fluoride as a

protective agent for teeth. However, in some natural drinking water, fluoride levels may
be above safe level considered by the World Health Organization. Recently by using
natural products has been rediscovered by water supply Technologists with more
scientific rigor. Recently in India researchers have developed a filter system-based on a
medicinal herb. This can be very quickly and easily remove “fluoride” from drinking
water. Tridax procumbens was tested in water for the extraction of toxic heavy metals.
The study suggested that T. procumbens can be used as a biocarbon absorbent for fluoride.
By loading up plant tissue with aluminum ions possible to make a safe biocarbon filter.
This filter readily absorbs fluoride ions from water warmed to around 27 °C passing

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through the filter. The results showed that the filter remove 98 % of fluoride by taking
just 3 hrs to with just 2 g of the biocarbon filter. It is an inexpensive way to defluoridate
water. In many regions , like India, China, Sri Lanka, West Indies, Spain, Holland,
Italy, Mexico, North and South America were contains the natural level of this mineral
is high in ground water. The biocarbon filter from T. procumbens play an significant role
of defluoridation of water in worldwide (Navin Anand Ingle et al., 2014).

22. Hemostatic activity

Tridax procumbens leaves of different extract were tested for hemostatic activity.
This process carried out by studying the clotting time of 10 human volunteers by in vitro
method. Ethanol extract of plant showed positive activity (Bhagwat et al., 2008). The
ethanolic extract of the Tridax procumbens leaf reduces the clotting time uniformly in the
blood samples. This study showed that the hemostatic activity, thus affecting
haemostasis (Anil Saini et al., 2016).

23. Anti-arthritic activity

The inflammatory disorder which involves damage to one or more joints is
known as Arthritis. It is increasing due to the low consumption of fluids, as a result of
the hectic lifestyle. Many studies have been done to report the arthritic effect of Tridax
procumbens ethanol extract at dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. Indomethacin (10
mg/kg) was used as the standard. The whole plant extract of Tridax procumbens showed
significant anti-arthritic activity in the Freud‟s Complete Adjuvant model. The results
were comparable with that of Indomethacin (Petchi et al., 2013).

24. Conclusion
Plants play a remarkable role in ecosystem which is very important component of
the biodiversity. In our country possess huge and interesting background about
medicinal plants. In India, most of the people depend on medicinal plants for their well
being. By considering the adverse effects of synthetic drugs people are move towards the
natural therapy which are safe and effective.Tridax procumbens is widely distributed
weed. Each and every part of the plant is having useful pharmacological activity. The
vast verities of different pharmacological activities are hepatoprotective effect,
immunomodulating property, wound healing activity, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, anti-
inflammatory and antioxidant, bronchial catarrh, diarrhea, dysentery and hair treatment
give immense importance to the herb. This herb plays an important role in
defluoridation. This method inexpensive way to defluoridate water. In some regions
including India the ground water contain high level of mineral. So both medical,
pharmaceutical and environmental aspects Tridax procumbens become an important

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medicinal plant. By developing and modulating bio active components of Tridax

procumbens become a effective natural drug for various diseases in future.

Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to Prof. Dr. M. Karunanithi, Chairman and Secretary,
Vivekananda Education Instructions, and Dr. B. T. Suresh Kumar, Principal,
Vivekananda College of arts and sciences for women, Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode,
Namakkal District, Tamilnadu for providing all the facilities for our research work.

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