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November 7, 2023
Trigonometry:
Conversion of degree into radians measures and vice-versa.
Trigonometric ratios, Arc lengths, areas of sectors of circle,
Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
Trigonometric identities, Solutions of trigonometric equations.
Compound angle formulae, Factor theorem, Solution of the
equation aCosα + bSinα = c, Solutions of triangles- using Sine
and Cosine rules.
Introduction
Trigonometry: The word trigonometry comes from the Greek
words “trigonon” which means triangle and “metron” which means
to measure.
Trigonometry deals with determination of measures of sides and
angles of triangles by means of relevant trigonometric functions.
The trigonometric functions are sine, cosine, tangent, secant,
cosecant, and cotangent of an angle.
Trigonometry
Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics which deals with the
measurement of sides and angles of triangles, and their
relationship with each other.
Angles
When a straight line is rotated about a pouint it sweeps out and
angle that can be measured either in degree or in Radians
By conversion a straigth line rotating through a full angle and
returning to its starting position is said to have rotated through 360
degree or 360◦
By conversion 1degree = 60minutes i.e
′
1◦ = 60
and 1◦ = 60x60seconds
′′
that is 1◦ = 3600
so an angle that is measured in degree , minutes and second can
be converted to a decimal degree.
Example
′ ′′
Convert 45◦ 36 18 into decimal degree.
Example
′ ′′
Convert 45◦ 36 18 into decimal degree.
Solution
Recall
′
1◦ = 60
′
? = 36 ′
1◦ x36
which gives = 0.6◦
60◦
also
′′
1◦ = 3600
′′
? = 18 ′′
1◦ x18
which gives ◦
= 0.005◦
3600′ ′′
Therefore 45◦ 36 18 = 45◦ + 0.6◦ + 0.005◦ = 45.605◦
example 2
′ ′′
Convert 53◦ 29 27 into decimal degree.
example 3
′ ′′
Convert the angle 253◦ 18 42 into decimal degree format.
example 4
Change 18.478◦ into degree,minutes and second.
example 5
Convert the angle 73.415◦ to degree,minutes and seconds.
Radians
An alternative unit of measure of an angle is the radian.
If a straight line of length r rotate about one end so that other end
describe an arc of length r ,the line is said to have rotated to 1
radian -1rad
Radian cont...
s
This mean that θ = , where θ is the measured in radius and
r
s = θr
If a line rotates through a full angle is the circumference of a circle
which is equal to 2πr .
The number of radian in a full angle is 2πradian
By relating degree and radian we have
2πrad = 360◦
? = ◦1◦
1 x2πrad πradians
= =
360◦ 180
◦ πradians
Therefore 1 =
180
Radian cont...
Example
Change 270◦ into radians
Solution
Given θ = 270◦
πθ
Recall, s = angle measured in radian
180◦ ◦
270 π 3π
Therefore s = ◦
=
180 2
Trigonometric Ratios
Trigonometric rations are the function of sine, cosine ,tangent and
their reciprocal.
Suppose you are standing at point Aand you need to find the
height OB of the building.
I you get a measure of the length from its base and the angle of
elevation from the where you are standing to the top.
The height can be measured by using the trigonometric function.
Course Code: MS 6229 Shila, K (COLLEGE:Trigonometry,
Science and Coordinate
Technical EducationDEPARTMENT:
Geometry and Vectors Mathematics
Novemberand7,Statistics)
2023 16 / 25
Trigonometry
OB Opposite length
sinθ = , sinθ =
AB Hypotenuse
OA Adjacent length
cosθ = , cosθ =
AB Hypotenuse
OB Opposite length
tanθ = , tanθ =
OA Adjacent
1 Hypotenuse
cosecθ = , cosecθ =
sinθ opposite length
1 Hypotenuse
secθ = , secθ =
coθ Adjacent
1 Adjacent
cotθ = , tanθ =
tanθ Opposite
example
√
If tanθ = 3 Find Cotθ , secθ and cosecθ
Solution
√
3
Given tanθ =
1
example
√
If cosecθ = 2 where θ is an acute angle , find (a) sec θ (b)tanθ
3
suppose cotθ = , where θ is an acute angle , find (a)cosecθ (b)
4
cosθ
Trigonometric identities
Trigonometric identities, show the relation among the
trigonometric function including their reciprocal
Deriving the trigonometric identities co2 θ + sin2 θ = 1
consider the figure below
Work for
1 + tan2 θ = sec 2 θ
1 + cot 2 θ = cosec 2 θ
Prove that
cotθ + tanθ = secθ cosecθ
tanA − cotA
= sec 2 θ − cosec 2 A
sinAcosA
(1 + tanθ )2
= sec 2 − 1
(1 + cotθ )2
Show that
1 − 2sin2 θ
cot 2 θ − tan2 θ =
cos2 θ sin2 θ
tanA − cotA
= sec 2 θ − cosec 2 A
sinAcosA
(1 + tanθ )2
2
= sec 2 − 1
Course Code:(1
MS+ cotθ
6229 Shila,) K (COLLEGE:Trigonometry,
Science and Coordinate
Technical EducationDEPARTMENT:
Geometry and Vectors Mathematics
Novemberand7,Statistics)
2023 23 / 25
Trigonometry
(sinθ − cosθ )2
2 − tanθ
2cosecθ sec θ
1 + tanθ 1 + cotθ
+
1 − tanθ 1 − cotθ
2sin2 θ + sinθ − 3
1 − cos2 θ − sinθ
Example
1 + tan2 θ
prove that = tan2 θ
1 + cot 2 θ
1 1
prove that + =1
tan2 θ +1 cot 2 θ
s
1 + cot 2 θ
prove that = cotθ
1 + tan2 θ