Introduction to
Trigonometry
Trigonometry which literally means
triangle measurement is a branch of
mathematics which treats of the solutions of
triangles.
It further includes mathematical
investigations by means of six trigonometric
functions.
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Angles
An angle is the union of two rays meeting
at a common point called the vertex. The
two rays are called the terminal and the
initial sides of an angle. The degree measure
is indicated by a tiny circle placed in the
upper right corner of the number. The size of
an angle is indicated by the amount
of
TERMINAL
rotating the terminal side from the
initial
SIDE
side.
ANGLE (
INITIAL SIDE
Introduction to
Trigonometry
A horizontal line is sometimes called the
real line. This line is divided into two equal
rays by a point called the origin denoted as
0.
The right ray of the horizontal line is
usually the start of measuring angles.
Angles between
0 to 90is said to terminate in quadrant I;
90 to 180 in quadrant II;
180 to 270 in quadrant III;
and 270 to 360 in quadrant IV.
Introduction to
Trigonometry
90
180
Quadrant
II
Quadran
tI
Quadrant
III
Quadrant
IV
270
360
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Kinds of Angles
Acute Angle an angle between 0 to 90
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Kinds of Angles
Right Angle an angle measuring exactly
90
Exactly
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Kinds of Angles
Obtuse Angle an angle measuring
between 90 to 180
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Kinds of Angles
Straight Angle an angle measuring
exactly 180
Exactly
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Kinds of Angles
Reflex Angle an angle measuring
between 180 and 360
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Special
of Angles
There are certain measures of angles whose
trigonometric functions produce special
values. We shall refer to those as special
angles.
Multiples of 30
Multiples of 45
Multiples of 60
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Properties of Angles
An angle measured in counterclockwise
direction is said to have a positive
measure; if the direction is clockwise, the
measure is negative.
One revolution or one complete round is
equivalent to 360.
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Types of Triangles
In general, there are only two types of
triangles, namely:
Right Triangle a triangle with a right
angle.
Oblique Triangle a triangle without a right
angle.
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Types of Triangles
Oblique triangles are classified as follows:
Acute Triangle all angles are acute.
Example: Equilateral triangle
Obtuse Triangle a triangle with one
obtuse angle.
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Sample Problems:
I. State the quadrant of the following angles
1. 905
2. -1355
3. 610
4. -1100
II. Convert the following in degree measures
5. 2.5 revolutions
6. 1/3 revolution
7. 1 1/8 revolutions
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Sample Problems:
III. Convert the following in terms of
revolution
1. 405
2. 540
3. 1440
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Pythagorean Theorem
The Pythagorean Theorem states: In a right
triangle, the square of the hypotenuse
equals the sum of the squares of the
legs.
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Sample Problems:
1. Two cars are on 2 straight roads which are
cross at right angles. If the cars are 20 m
and 99 m from the intersection, how far
apart are they?
2. What must be the length of a guy wire if it
is tied from the top of a 40-ft flagpole to a
peg on the ground 9ft from the foot of the
pole?
3. What is the perimeter needed to fence a
right triangle lot with legs of 63ft and
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Distance on Coordinate Axis
A method for locating points in a plane
with the use of ordered pair of numbers is
known as the Cartesian Coordinate
System or Rectangular Coordinate
System.
1.
The system consists of a plane with a
horizontal line (called the x-axis) which
intersects a vertical line (called y-axis) at
a point (called the origin)
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Distance on Coordinate Axis
A method for locating points in a plane
with the use of ordered pair of numbers is
known as the Cartesian Coordinate
System or Rectangular Coordinate
System.
1.
The system consists of a plane with a
horizontal line (called the x-axis) which
intersects a vertical line (called y-axis) at
a point (called the origin)
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Distance on Coordinate Axis
The axes divide the plane into four
quadrants which are named from I to IV in
the counterclockwise direction, beginning
from the upper right portion
4. The plane has infinite points denoted by P
(x, y). The x is called abscissa and the y is
called the ordinate.
3.
Introduction to
Trigonometry
y
Quadrant II (-.
+)
Quadrant I (+,
+)
Quadrant III (- ,
-)
Quadrant IV
(+ , -)
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Distance Formula
The distance between two points and is
the number of units measured along the line
between the two points.
If the line is parallel to the x-axis, then y 1
= y2, and the distance is given by
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Distance Formula
If the line is parallel to the y-axis, then x 1
= x2, and the distance is given by
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Distance Formula
If a line is not parallel to either axes as
given in the next theorem, then the
distance can be found by the application
of Pythagorean Theorem.
Theorem 1: The distance between two
points P1 (x1, y1) and P2 (x2, y2) is given by the
formula:
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Distance Formula
Theorem 1I: The midpoint, denoted by the
segment joining P1 (x1, y1) and P2 (x2, y2) is:
Introduction to
Trigonometry
Sample Problems:
I.
Find the distance and midpoint between
the given pair of points:
(-12, 0) and (34, 0)
2. (0, 18) and (0, -53)
3. (-12,33) and (4, -30)
4. (2, 51) and (-18,48)
1.
