S3 3 Trigonometry

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
The Tangent Ratio

The Tangent using Angle
www.mathsrevision.com
The Tangent Ratio in Action

The Tangent (The Adjacent side)
The Tangent (Finding Angle)
The Sine of an Angle

The Sine Ration In Action
The Sine ( Finding the Hypotenuse)
The Cosine of an Angle
Mixed Problems
Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1. An F1 car can complete a lap in 2 mins.

A lap is 5 miles in length.

Show that the average speed is 150mph
2. The resistance (R) in copper wire is directly

proportion to its length (L) and inversely to
the square of its radius (r).
Write down an formula connecting R, L and r.
Angles & Triangles
Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To identify the 1. Understand the terms

hypotenuse, opposite and hypotenuse, opposite and
adjacent sides in a right adjacent in right angled
angled triangle. triangle.
2. Work out Tan Ratio.
8 Apr 2020 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Let’s Investigate!
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Trigonometry means “triangle” and

“measurement”.
We will be using right-angled triangles.

hy
Opposite
po
te
nu
se
x°
Adjacent
Mathemagic!
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
hy
pot
Opposite
enu
se
30°
Adjacent
Opposite
= 0.6
Adjacent
Try another!
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
hy
pot
Opposite
enu
se
45°
Adjacent
Opposite
= 1
Adjacent
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Opposite
For an angle of 30°, = 0.6
Adjacent
Opposite
is called the tangent of an angle.
Adjacent
We write tan 30° = 0.6

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Tan 25° 0.466
The ancient Greeks Tan 26° 0.488
discovered this and Tan 27° 0.510
repeated this for Tan 28° 0.532

Tan 29° 0.554
all possible angles. Tan 30° = 0.577
Tan 30° 0.577
Tan 31° 0.601
Tan 32° 0.625
Tan 33° 0.649
Tan 34° 0.675
Accurate to
3 decimal places!
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now-a-days we can use

calculators instead of tables
to find the Tan of an angle.

On your calculator press Tan
Followed by 30, and press =
Notice that your calculator is

incredibly accurate!!
Accurate to 9 decimal places!
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
What’s the point of all this???

Don’t worry, you’re about to find out!

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
How high is the tower?

Opp
60°
12 m
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
hy
po
te
Opposite
nu
se Copy this!
60°
12 m
Adjacent
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Opp
Tan x° = Copy this!

Adj
Opp
Tan 60° =
12
12 x Tan 60° = Opp
Opp =12 x Tan 60° = 20.8m (1 d.p.)
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
So the tower’s
20.8 m high!
20.8m
Don’t worry, you’ll
be trying plenty of
examples!!
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Opp
Tan x° =
Adj
Opposite
x°
Adjacent
Example Find the
S3
Trigonometry height h
Credit
Opp
SOH CAH TOA
Hyp h Opp
Tan x° =
Adj
65° h
8m Tan 65° =
8
Adj
8 x Tan 65° = h
h = 8 x Tan 65° = 17.2m (1 d.p.)
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Class Group
Identifying the
Tan Ratio Ex 3.1 & Ex4.1
MIA Page 203

Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1. Find the area and perimeter

of the circle. 10cm
2. Is the triangle right angled at P.

Explain your answer. 6cm
Q
10cm
P
3. Factorise 2 x2  3x  2 7cm R
Angles & Triangles

1. To use tan of the angle to 1. Write down tan ratio.

solve problems.
2. Use tan of an angle to solve

problems.

S3
Credit
Using Tan to calculate angles
Example Calculate the
S3
Trigonometry tan xo ratio
Credit
P
SOH CAH TOA
Hyp Opp
18m Opp
Tan x° =
Adj
x°
R Q 18
12m Tan x° =
Adj 12
Tan x° = 1.5
Calculate the
S3
Trigonometry size of
angle xo
Credit
Tan x° = 1.5
How do we find x°?
We need to use Tan ⁻¹on the

calculator.
Tan ⁻¹
Tan ⁻¹is written above Tan
To get this press 2nd Followed by Tan

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Tan x° = 1.5
Tan ⁻¹
Press 2nd Tan
Enter 1.5 =
x = Tan ⁻¹1.5 = 56.3° (1 d.p.)

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Process
1. Identify Hyp, Opp and Adj
2. Write down ratio Tan xo = Opp

Adj
Tan ⁻¹
3. Calculate xo 2nd Tan
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 4.2
MIA Page 205

Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1. True or false 30  5 + 6  4 = 48
2. Write in scientific notation 0.0456
3. Identify the sides of the triangle.

xo
4. The subway train takes 6 mins to travel

between 2 stations 3 miles apart.
Show that it's average speed is 30mph.
Angles & Triangles


solve REAL LIFE problems.

REAL LIFE problems.

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Use the tan ratio to find the height h of the tree

to 2 decimal places.
opp h
tan 47o = =
adj 8 SOH CAH TOA
h
tan 47o =
8
rod
h = 8 × tan 47o
h = 8.58m 47o
8 Apr 2020 Compiled by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.
8m
S3
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
Credit
Example 2
Q1. An aeroplane is preparing to land at Glasgow Airport.
It is over Lennoxtown at present which is 15km from

the airport. The angle of descent is 6o.
What is the height of the plane ?
tan 6o =
h Aeroplane
15
c
h = 15 × tan 6o
6o
h = 1.58km Airport a = 15 Lennoxtown
Compiled by Mr. Lafferty Maths
8 Apr 2020
Dept.
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 5.1
MIA Page 207

Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1. Explain why 6 + 9  3 = 9 and not 5

2. Write in scientific notation 32.56
xo
3. Identify the sides of the triangle.
4. The train takes 10 mins to travel

between 2 stations 6miles apart.
Find the average speed of the train.
Angles & Triangles


find adjacent length.

find adjacent length.

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Use the tan ratio to calculate how far the ladder

is away from the building.
o opp 12
SOH CAH TOA
tan 45 = =
adj d
12 ladder
d=
tan 45o 12m
d = 12m 45o
dm
S3
Trigonometry
Credit Example 2
Q1. An aeroplane is preparing to land at Glasgow Airport. It is over
Lennoxtown at present. It is at a height of 1.58 km above the ground. It
‘s angle of descent is 6o.
How far is it from the airport to Lennoxtown?
SOH CAH TOA

1.58
tan 6o =
d
Aeroplane
1.58
d=
tan 6o a = 1.58 km
d = 15 km
6o
Airport Lennoxtown
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 5.2
MIA Page 210

Starter Questions
S3
Credit
3 3 5
1. + 
4 5 7
2. Explain why y = 6 when a = (-1) b = 2
y= (a - b)(b - a)(2a - b)
p
Q3. Given T = k .
v
Find k when T = 6 P = 18 and v = 9.
Angles & Triangles

1. To show how to find an 1. Write down tan ratio.

angle using tan ratio.
2. Use tan ratio to find an angle.

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Use the tan ratio to calculate the angle that the

support wire makes with the ground.
opp 11
SOH CAH TOA
o
tan x = =
adj 4
o  11 
-1
x = tan  
4
11m
x o = 70o
xo
4m
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Use the tan ratio to find the angle of take-off.

tan x =
oppo
=
88
adj 500
SOH CAH TOA
tan x o = 0.176
88m
o -1
x = tan (0.176) = 10 o
xo
500 m
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 6.1
MIA Page 211

Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1. A train takes 12 minutes to travel

between 2 stations.
Show that the average speed is 60km/hr

if the stations are 6miles apart.
2. Calculate A when w = (-3) y = 4
A= (w - y) + (y - w)
Angles & Triangles

1. Definite the sine ratio and 1. Write down sine ratio.

show how to find an angle
using this ratio.
2. Use sine ratio to find an

angle.

S3
Trigonometry
Credit The Sine Ratio
Opp
Sin x° =
Hyp
hy
po
te
Opposite
nu
se
x°
Find the
Example
S3
height h Trigonometry
Credit
h 11cm Hyp
Opp
Opp
Sin x° = 34°
Hyp
h
Sin 34° =
11 SOH CAH TOA
11 x Sin 34° = h
h = 11 x Sin 34° = 6.2cm (1 d.p.)
S3
Credit
Using Sin to calculate angles
Example Find the xo
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
6m 9m Hyp
Opp
x°
Opp
Sin x° =
Hyp SOH CAH TOA
6
Sin x° =
9
Sin x° = 0.667 (3 d.p.)
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Sin x° =0.667 (3 d.p.)

How do we find x°?
We need to use Sin ⁻¹on the

calculator.
Sin ⁻¹
Sin ⁻¹is written above Sin
To get this press 2nd Followed by Sin

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Sin x° = 0.667 (3 d.p.)

Sin ⁻¹
Press 2nd Sin
Enter 0.667 =
x = Sin ⁻¹0.667 = 41.8° (1 d.p.)

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 7.1
MIA Page 212

S3
Starter Questions
Credit
1. Explain why we can simply pick out Q1 , Q2 and Q3

then find the 5 figure summary for the data
19, 15, 11, 22, 9, 12, 11
2. Show that the original price of a car is £9000

If it costs £8100 after a discount of 10%
3. A lorry is travelling at 40mph.

It has travelled 60 miles.
How long has it taken to travel 60 miles.
Angles & Triangles

1. To show how to use the 1. Write down sine ratio.

sine ratio to solve
REAL-LIFE problems.
2. Use sine ratio to solve
REAL-LIFE problems.

S3
Trigonometry
Credit
The support rope is 11.7m long. The angle between

the rope and ground is 70o. Use the sine ratio to
calculate the height of the flag pole.
opp h
sin 70o = =
hyp 11.7
SOH CAH TOA
h = 11.7  sin70o
11.7m
h
h = 11 m
70o
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Use the sine ratio to find the angle of the ramp.

SOH CAH TOA

opp 10
o
sin x = =
hyp 20
10o
sin x =
20
o  10 
-1 o 20 m 10m
x = sin   = 30 xo
 20 
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 7.2
MIA Page 214

Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1. Fill in the ? marks.

2 x 2  9 x  7 = (2 x  ?)( x  ?)
2. Calculate A when w = (-10)
2
w
A=
4 www.mathsrevision.com
Angles & Triangles

1. To show how to calculate 1. Write down sine ratio.

the hypotenuse using the
sine ratio.
2. Use sine ratio to find the

hypotenuse.

Example
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
SOH CAH TOA A road AB is right angled at B.

The road BC is 5 km.
Opp Calculate the length of

Sin x° = the new road AC.
Hyp
B A
5 72°
Sin 72° =
r
5 5km
r= r
sin 72o
r = 5.3 km C
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 8.1
MIA Page 215

S3
Starter Questions
Credit
1. Explain why we can simply pick out Q1 and Q3

then find the 5 figure summary for the data
9, 5, 11, 2, 9, 2
2. Find the original price of a football

If it costs £20 after a discount of 80%
3. A lorry is travelling at 50mph.

It has travelled 75 miles.
Show that the time taken is 1hr 30 mins.
Angles & Triangles

1. Definite the cosine ratio 1. Write down cosine ratio.

and show how to find an
length or angle using this
ratio.
2. Use cosine ratio to find a
length or angle.

The Cosine Ratio
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Adj
Cos x° =
Hyp
hy
po
te
nu
se
x°
Adjacent
Find the Example
S3
adjacent
length b
Trigonometry
Credit
b Adj
40°
Adj
Cos x° =
Hyp
Opp
Hyp
35mm
b
Cos 40° =
35 SOH CAH TOA
35 x Cos 40° = b
b = 35 x Cos 40°= 26.8mm (1 d.p.)

S3
Credit
Using Cos to calculate angles
Example Find the
S3
Trigonometry angle xo
Credit
34cm Adj
x°
Adj
Cos x° =
Hyp
Opp
Hyp
45cm
34
Cos x° =
45 SOH CAH TOA
Cos x° = 0.756 (3 d.p.)
x = Cos ⁻¹0.756 =41°
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 9.1
MIA Page 216

Starter Questions
S3
Credit
1. Calculate 104 x 100

putting your answer in standard form.
2. Is this triangle right angled ?

If yes, find the size of angle x . o
If no find the area of the triangle.

xo 10
6
8
The Three Ratios
S3
Credit
opposite adjacent
Cosine Tangent
Sine
hypotenuse
Sine adjacent
adjacent Cosine
Cosine Tangent
hypotenuse
opposite opposite
Sine Sine
hypotenuse
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Opp Adj Opp

Sin x° = Cos x° = Tan x° =
Hyp Hyp Adj
S HC HT A
O A O
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Process
1. Write down
SOH CAH TOA
2. Identify what you want to find
3. what you know

Copy this!
S3
Trigonometry
Credit Past Paper Type Questions
SOH CAH TOA

S3
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
(4 marks)
S3
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA

S3
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
4 marks
S3
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA

S3
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
(4marks)
S3
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA

S3
Trigonometry
SOH CAH TOA
(4marks)
Trigonometry
Trigonometry
S3
Trigonometry
Credit
Now try
Exercise 10.1 & 10.2
MIA Page 218

S3 3 Trigonometry

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S3

The Tangent Ratio

The Tangent Ratio in Action

The Sine of an Angle

The Cosine of an Angle

1. An F1 car can complete a lap in 2 mins.

A lap is 5 miles in length.

2. The resistance (R) in copper wire is directly

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To identify the 1. Understand the terms

8 Apr 2020 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Trigonometry means “triangle” and

We will be using right-angled triangles.

We write tan 30° = 0.6

discovered this and Tan 27° 0.510

repeated this for Tan 28° 0.532

Now-a-days we can use

to find the Tan of an angle.

Followed by 30, and press =

Notice that your calculator is

What’s the point of all this???

Don’t worry, you’re about to find out!

How high is the tower?

Tan x° = Copy this!

MIA Page 203

1. Find the area and perimeter

of the circle. 10cm

2. Is the triangle right angled at P.

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To use tan of the angle to 1. Write down tan ratio.

2. Use tan of an angle to solve

8 Apr 2020 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Using Tan to calculate angles

We need to use Tan ⁻¹on the

To get this press 2nd Followed by Tan

x = Tan ⁻¹1.5 = 56.3° (1 d.p.)

1. Identify Hyp, Opp and Adj

2. Write down ratio Tan xo = Opp

MIA Page 205

2. Write in scientific notation 0.0456

3. Identify the sides of the triangle.

4. The subway train takes 6 mins to travel

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To use tan of the angle to 1. Write down tan ratio.

2. Use tan of an angle to solve

8 Apr 2020 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Use the tan ratio to find the height h of the tree

It is over Lennoxtown at present which is 15km from

What is the height of the plane ?

MIA Page 207

1. Explain why 6 + 9  3 = 9 and not 5

2. Write in scientific notation 32.56

4. The train takes 10 mins to travel

Learning Intention Success Criteria

1. To use tan of the angle to 1. Write down tan ratio.

2. Use tan of an angle to solve

8 Apr 2020 Created by Mr. Lafferty Maths Dept.

Use the tan ratio to calculate how far the ladder

‘s angle of descent is 6o.

How far is it from the airport to Lennoxtown?

SOH CAH TOA

MIA Page 210

2. Explain why y = 6 when a = (-1) b = 2