Math MQT 4th Qtr

Lesson 4.1 Trigonometry and Trigonometric Ratios

Trigonometry – A tool for measuring distances that cannot be directly measured.
It involves the study of angles and geometric ratios.

Parts of a Right Triangle

Hypotenuse – The longest side of a right triangle. The slanted side.
Leg – The two sides adjacent to the right angle.
Reference Angle – The angle used to determine the opposite and adjacent sides.
Opposite side – The side that does not touch the reference angle. On the other
side of the triangle.
Adjacent side – The leg beside the reference angle.

Pythagorean Theorem – Used to find the missing sides of a right triangle.

c2 = a2 + b2

Six Trigonometric Ratios

Primary Trigonometric Ratios (SOHCAHTOA)
sin θ (Sine) = O/H
cos θ (Cosine) = A/H
tan θ (Tangent) = O/A
Secondary Trigonometric Ratios (Equivalent)
csc (Cosecant) = H/O
sec (Secant) = H/A
cot (Cotangent) = A/O

Pop Quiz
65
1. Find sin S if sec N = 56
11
2. Find the 5 other Trigonometric Rations of angle A. sin A = 61
Lesson 4.2 Trigonometry: Evaluating
° = degree
‘ = minutes (Second degree)
“ = seconds (Third Degree)
To find the ratio using primary trigonometric ratios, input in a calculator the
function (sin, cos, tan) and the angle. sin 32 = 0.53
To find the ratio using secondary trigonometric ratios, input an open parenthesis
then the equivalent function along with the angle, and then a close parenthesis
and negative 1 exponent (casio fm, ms). If the function already has a parenthesis,
no need to place a parenthesis. cot 89 = (cot 89)-1 = 0.02, cot -7°7’ = -8.01
To find the angle using primaries, press shift then the function and then the
1
fraction form of the ratio. Sin θ = 2 = sin-1 ½ = 30°. To find the angles of decimal
ratios, use the decimal instead of fraction. Cos θ = 0.93306 = cos-1 0.93306 = 21°
To find the angle using secondary, press shift then the equivalent function, and
13
use the reciprocal. csc θ = = sin-1 5/13 = 23°. To find the angles of decimal
5
ratios, use the decimal instead of fraction inside a parenthesis with -1. Cot θ =
0.9004 = tan-1 (0.9004)-1 = 48°.

NOTES:
When solving for an angle, use the available 2 sides from the triangle and the
corresponding function (disregard the 3rd side if it is only solved and not given).
When solving for a side, use Pythagorean theorem.
When solving for the last angle, find the supplementary angle.

Pop Quiz
1. tan 45° = ?
2. tan 15°20’ = ?
3. csc 61°12’25” = ?
√3
4. cos θ = 2
5. tan θ = 0.11246
12
6. cot θ =
5
7. sec θ = 1.5
Lesson 4.3 Solving for Angle of Elevation and Angle of
Depression
This is how immeasurable objects are measured with trigonometry
Line of sight – imaginary line that connects the eye of an observer to the object
being observed. The hypotenuse.
Horizontal – The level or flat line of sight of the observer. The base. The horizontal
leg of the right triangle.
Angle of Elevation – The line of sight is above the horizontal. Used to measure
objects above or taller than the observer.
Angle of Depression – The line of sight is below the horizontal. Used to measure
objects below or lower than the observer.

Example:
The slant side is the one that is needed to find the length of the escalator. Using
the corresponding function, the numbers and ratios are cross multiplied.

Pop Quiz