IOT Based Fertilizer System for Smart Agriculture

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
REPORT

Submitted by

K.UDAY BHASKAR 22UECL0021

P.KARTHIK REDDY 22UECL0038
P.ASHOK REDDY 22UECL0040
P.SAI KIRAN 22UESS0042
T.SAI GANESH 22UECL0051
S.S.R.SATYENDRA 22UESS0051
VIVEK PITTA 22UECL0057

VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR.SAGUNTHALA R&D INSTITUTE

OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
MAY 2023
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 VEL TECH RANGARAJAN DR.SAGUNTHALA R&D
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
CHENNAI 600 062

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project “IOT BASED FERTILIZER SYSTEM
FORSMART AGRICULTURE” is the bonafide work of K.UDAY BHASKAR
(22UECL0021), P.KARTHIKREDDY(22UECL0038),
P.ASHOKREDDY(22UECL0040),P.SAIKIRAN(22UESS0042), T.SAI
GANESH (22UECL0051), S.S.R.SATYENDRA(22UECL0051), VIVEK
PITTA(22UECL0057) who carried out this project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE OF HOD

PROJECT COORDINATOR
MR.S.C.VIJAYAKUMAR
Assistant Professor. EEE Department

Dr.K.BALAJI,
Assistant Professor. Mechanical Department

The Examination is held on _____________

EXAMINER 1 EXAMINER 2

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 ABSTRACT

This project focused on Internet of Things (IoT) based smart fertilizer system for
Smart Agriculture. The purpose of this projectis to monitor soil moisture , humidity-
temp, and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) (NPK) values for indoor
plants. In this project, sensors were used to measure variousparameters of the field
such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture. To monitor all these we use an app
named Blynk, it provides the interface to the farmer and micro controller and enable
farmer information monitoring and controlling. Furthermore, through this mobile
application farmers can check the history ofdata specially the plant growth
according to amount of fertilizer used. All the data storage will be done in could
database. As a result, farmers can easily access to data by using mobile application.
This smart agriculture fertilizer system will be implemented on a local scale where
local farmers can utilize this IOT based analytics which provides new insights and
improves decision making.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT iii

LIST OF FIGURES v

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 EXISTING SYSTEM 2

3 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 3

4 PROPOSED SYSTEM 5

5 BLOCK DIAGRAM 6

6 MATERIALS AND METHODS 7

7 WORKING 10

8 SOURCE CODE 11

9 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 14

10 HARDWARE PROTOTYPE 15

11 CONCLUSION 16

12 REFERENCE 17

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 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

01 FERTILIZER SETUP 06

02 BLOCK DIAGRAM 11

03 NODE MCU 12

04 SOLENOID VALVE 12

05 SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR 13

06 5V DC WATER PUMP 13

07 WORKING OF FERTILIZER SYSTEM 15

08 HARDWARE DESIGN 20

09 DIAGRAM OF SLIDING DOOR 24

10 FINAL OUTPUT OF SLIDING DOOR 24

11 DIAGRAM OF POWER SUPPLY BOARD 27

12 FINAL OUTPUT OF POWER SUPPLY BOARD 27

13 DIAGRAM OF BOLT AND NUT 29

14 FINAL OUTPUT OF BOLT AND NUT 29

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
Agriculture or farming is the practice of cultivating plants and livestock.
Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization,
whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people
to live in cities.

FIG 1.1 FERTILIZER SETUP

Real-time visibility and control of water, Nitrogen-Phosphorus- Potassium -

from any where an Internet of Things (IoT) based system.

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 CHAPTER II

EXISTING SYSTEM

In Sensor based Mechanized Water system Framework with IOT

referenced about utilizing sensor based water system in which the water system will
occur at whatever point there is an adjustment intemperature and mugginess of the
environmental factors. The water stream is constrained by the electrical worth. The
opening and the end ofthe worth is based the sign got through the microcontroller.
Watering the plant is done drop by drop utilizing precipitation weapon when the
dampness level becomes ordinary the sensor sense it and impart a sign to
microcontroller and the worth is shut. Two portable are associated utilizing GSM,
GSM and Microcontroller are associated utilizing MAX232. To the microcontroller,
at that point it gives the sign to the versatile and it enacts the ringer. The ringer
demonstrate that the worth ought to be open and when it gets request it impart the
sign to micro controller, at that point microcontroller impart the sign to esteem. The
utilization of microcontroller will diminish the force utilization and increment the
existence of the framework. This structure is essentially confined to the motorization
of water framework system and necessities extra ordinary features.

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 CHAPTER III

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONS

 My country India has been badly affected by climate change due to heavy
deforestation. So many campaigns arose planting more trees. However, to reduce
my effort in gardening, I made something that watering and fertilizing my plants
based on an Blynk app..

 The plants often get neglected at holiday time and so this watering and feeding
system was made and installed so that the plants were irrigated all the time. The
mixing tank is filled with water through the solenoid valve. The peristaltic pumps
dose the tank with the required amount of fertilizer and then the mixer pump is
turned off. Themixture drains into the growing media under gravity.

 This is one of unique and best project which was never done by anyone before,
so without wasting any time let’s Hop into buildprocess of this project.

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 CHAPTER IV

PROPOSED SYSTEM
Proposed system for IoT based smart fertilizer system for smart
agriculture
An IoT-based smart fertilization system for smart agriculture could include the
following components:

Sensors: A network of sensors would be deployed in the field to collect data on soil
conditions, including pH, nutrient levels, moisture content, and temperature

Gateway: The gateway would be responsible for collecting data from the sensors
and transmitting it to the cloud.

Cloud platform: The cloud platform would be responsible for storing and analyzing
the data collected from the sensors. It would use machine learning algorithms to
determine the optimal fertilization strategy for each location in the field.

Fertilization equipment: The fertilization equipment would be equipped with

smart controllers that receive instructions from the cloud platform and apply the
appropriate amount of fertilizer at the right time.

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Mobile app: A mobile app would be provided for farmers to access the data
collected by the system and to monitor and control the fertilization
equipment.Overall, this system would allow farmers to optimize their fertilization
strategies in real-time, increasing efficiency and improving crop health.

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 CHAPTER V
BLOCK DIAGRAM/DESIGN

FIG 5.1 - BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 CHAPTER VI
MATERIALS

6.1-NODE MCU

FIG 6.1-NODE MCU

The ESP8266 is a really useful, cheap WiFi module for controllingdevices over the
Internet. It can work with a micro-controller like the Arduino or it can be
programmed to work on its own.

6.2-SOLENOID VALVE:

FIG 6.2-SOLENOID VALVE

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A solenoid is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. It has
a coil wound over a conductive material, this set-up acts asan electromagnet. The
advantage of an electromagnet over natural magnet is that it can be turned on or off
when required by energizing the coil.

6.3-SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR:

FIG 6.3-SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

The soil moisture sensor consists of two probes which are used to measure the
volumetric content of water. The two probes allow thecurrent to pass through the
soil and then it gets the resistance value to measure the moisture value. When there
is more water, the soil will conduct more electricity which means that there will be
less resistance. Therefore, the moisture level will be higher.

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6.4-5V DC WATER PUMP:

FIG 6.4-
DC
WATER
PUMP

5V DC water
pump is a
miniature water
pump use 5V DC
power supply,
battery, solar panel, or USB power supply to power it. Mainly used in different
applications.

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 CHAPTER VII
WORKING

 we used a pcs syringe to make fertilizing supply mechanism

 To do this cut out syringes into half

 drill a hole in the rubber bush and

 inserted IV tube as show picture in below

FIG 7.1-WORKING OF FERTILIZER SYSTEM

 For fluid transfer I use one Solenoid valve which works similar towater
pumps

 Exact same Materials which are used is project might not be

available in your area

 so you can look for alternatives which can be found in your home

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 CHAPTER VIII
SOFTWARE DETAILS

 Blynk is a software company that provides infrastructure for the internet of

Things. In 2014 Blynk pioneered the no-code approach to IoT app building and
gained global popularity for its mobile app editor. Today businesses of all sizes
— from new startups to large enterprises — use our software platform to build
and manage connected products.

 The main focus of the Blynk platform is to make it super-easy to develop the
mobile phone application. As you will see in this course, developing a mobile
app that can talk to your Arduino is as easy as dragging a widget and
configuring a pin.With Blynk, you can control an LED or a motor from your
mobile phone with literally zero programming. This is actually the first
experiment that I will demonstrate in this course.But don’t let this simplicity
make you think that Blynk is only useful for trivial applications. Blynk is a
robust and scalable tool that is used by hobbyists and the industry alike.

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 CHAPTER IX

PROGRAM

The following code is for “iot based fertilizer system for smart
agriculture

#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

char auth[] = "YOUR_AUTH_TOKEN";char

ssid[] = "YOUR_SSID";
char pass[] = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

void setup() { Blynk.begin(auth,

ssid, pass);
timer.setInterval(5000L, sendUptime);

void loop() {
Blynk.run();
}

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void sendUptime() {

int sensorData = analogRead(A0);

Blynk.virtualWrite(V1, sensorData);
}"

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 CHAPTER XI
ADVANTAGES / DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:
 Intelligent data collection.

 Waste reduction

 Process automation

 Competitive advantage

DISADVATAGES:
 Limited availability in some areas

 Cost complexity

 Dependence on technology

 Limited compatibility with existing systems

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 CHAPTER X
HARDWARE DISCUSSION

FIG 10.1-HARDWARE DESIGN

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 CHAPTER XII
CONCLUSION
Conclusion for iot based smart fertilizer system for smart agriculture It is clear that
an IoT-based smart fertilization system can bring many benefits to the field of smart
agriculture. Some of the key advantages include:Increased efficiency: Smart
fertilization systems can apply fertilizers more precisely, reducing waste and
increasing crop yields.Better environmental stewardship: By applying fertilizers
more precisely, there is a reduced risk of runoff and leaching, which can help to
protect water quality and reduce pollution.Reduced labor costs: Automated
fertilization systems can reduce the need for manual labor, which can help to lower
labor costs and improve working conditions.Improved crop health: By applying the
right nutrients at the right time, smart fertilization systems can help to improve crop
health and increase resistance to pests and diseases.Overall, an IoT-based smart
fertilization system has the potential to significantly improve the efficiency and
sustainability of agriculture, while also reducing costs and improving crop health.

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 REFERENCES

1 Internet-of-IEEE Acess, M.Ayaz, Things(IOT)-vol.7,pp. M. Based Smart

129551-129583,Ammad-Agriculture:2019,Uddin,Toward doi:10.1109/AC
Z.Making the CESS.2019.293 Sharif, Fields Talk 2609. A.Mansour and
H.M.Agfoune

2 https://www.hackster.io/NextPCB/iot-based-fertiliser-system-for-smart-
agriculture-d4ae8b

3 https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/1nextPCB/iot-based-fertilizer-system
-for-smart-agriculture-d4ae8b

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 CHAPTER XIII
LIST OF MODELS

CARPENTRY :

Wooden window
Sliding doorWheel
chair
Crank and slotted link

ELECTRONICS :

Emergency light
Relay Board Power
supply board

MACHINE SHOP:
Machine Vice

Bolt and nut assembly

Simple and compound gear

train

Sheet metal tray

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 MODEL 1

13.1 CARPENTRY: WOODEN WINDOW

AIM: To make Wooden window using the following procedure.

APPARATUS: Jackplane, Carpentry vice. Try square, Marking gauge, Steel

rule, Tenon saw, Rip saw, Firmer chisel, Mallet

PROCEDURE: We took four pieces of wooden sicks with equal lengths and
made a square frame and nailed the edges. We took one square sheet as a window.
We attached the square sheet with the frame using clamps(2). At last the wooden
window project is completed.

DIAGRAM:

FIG 13.1.1-DIAGRAM FIG 13.1.2-FINAL OUTPUT OF WOODEN WINDOW

RESULT: Thus the Wooden window has been successfully completed.

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 MODEL 2

13.2 ELECTRONICS: EMERGENCY LIGHT

AIM: To make a emergency light using the following apparatus andprocedure.

Apparatus:
S.No Range Type Quantity

Name of the components

-
1 Diodes 1N4007 4
-
2 Capacitor 1000pf/25v 1
-
3 Capacitor 1 pf/25v 1

4 Transformer 230V Single Phase 1

5 LED 1

6 Voltage regulator LM7812 1

Procedure: Scratch the copper board using a sand paper. After scratching clean
the surface of the copper board well. Take the printout of the PCB design layout
(circuit diagram) in transparent paper keep it copper layer and iron it. After ironing
it can be seen that the circuit diagram will be printed on the copper board. With the
help of permanent marker draw the parts of the circuit diagram which are not printed
properly. Take ferric chloride and mix it with hot water it will react with copper
better. Put the copper board into the mixture and wash it well using the mixture. Then
copper will react with the ferric chloride and finally you will get your PCB. Use
the drilling machine make holes inthe copper board for introducing the components.
Connect the components using soldering iron. At last we get our PCB ,then connect
components as per circuit diagram in order to the output of emergency light.

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DIAGRAM :

FIG 13.2.1-DIAGRAM FIG 13.2.2-FINAL OUTPUT OF

EMERGENCY LIGHT

RESULT : Thus the emergency light has been successfullycompleted using

the following procedure.

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 MODEL 3

13.3 MACHINE SHOP: BOLT AND NUT

AIM :To make BOLT AND NUT assembly using Lathe Machine.

APPARATUS :

1. Steel Rule

2. Outside calipers

3. Vernier calipers

4. Flat smooth file

5. Single point cutting tool

6. Center drill bit

7. Threading tool

8. Parting tool

PROCEDURE :

Initially, The head of the bolt and shape of nut is forged out of metal byLathe
Machine. The threading in nuts are either done by tap or turning

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depending upon the size and specification. The threading on the belts areusually
rolled or turned or made using die.

DIAGRAM :

FIG 13.3.1-DIAGRAM OF BOLT AND NUT FIG 13.3.2 FINAL OUTPUT OF BOLT
AND NUT

RESULT : Bolt and Nut Assembly has been successfullycompleted

using the lathe machine.

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