RERSEARCH: -

Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our
understanding of topic or issue.

OBJECTIVES: -
A clear, concise and declarative statement which provide direction to investigate the
variables.

For example, smoking leads to cancer.

WHY CONDUCT RESEARCH....?

 Research expends your knowledgebase.
 Research gives you the latest information.
 Research conduct for problems solving.
 How people think or behave in specific situations.

DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES: -

 Interviews
 Questionnaire and surveys
 Observation

PRINCIPLES/ETHICS FOR RESEARCH METHOD: -

o Inform consult
o Confidentiality
o Deception
o Protection of participants
o Right to withdraw
o Debriefing

1.Observation method
The act of noticing something. OR Systematically observe and record the behavior of a
person or group is called observation method.

TYPES
i. Naturalistic observation
ii. Participant
iii. Non participant
iv. Controlled observation

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 ACCURATE RESULTS COSTLY METHOD
LESS TIME PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIAL ISSUE
BASED ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RISK TAKING
SIMPLE METHOD TIME CONSUMING
2.INTERVIEWS METHOD
A face to face meeting of people, especially for consultation by use questionnaire.

TYPES
I. STRUCURE INTERVIEW
II. NON STRUCTURED INTERVIEW
III. DIRECT INTERVIEW
IV. NON DIRECTIVE INTERVIEW
MERITS DEMERITS

DEEP AND FREE REASPONSE TIME CONSUIMING

FLEXIBLE REQUIRED SKILLS TO MAKE QUESTIONNAIRE
ADOPTABLE DIFFICULT TASK
CLARIFY MISS UNDERSTANDING INTERVIEWER FED UP SOMETIMES
FACE VALIDITY

3.CASE STUDY METHOD

A research method focuses on the life history, attitude, behavior, and emotions of a single
individual, group of people or organization.

TYPES
a. Observation method
b. Interviews method
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

DETAILED KNOWLEDGE EXPENSIVE

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT REQUIRED PROFESSIONALS
FACE VALITDITY LACK OF GENERALIZATION
ACCURATE INFORMATION LONG TERM PROJECT
ACCURATE RESULTS

4.EXPERMENTAL RESEARCH METHOD: -

Research conduct with a scientific approach using to sets of variables one is
dependent and the other is independent.
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

GIVE RESEARCH HIGH LEVEL CONTROL RESULTS ARE HIGHLY SUBJECTIVE

EXCELLENT RESULTS EXPERIMENT RESEARCH CAN CREATE
SITUATION THAT ARE NON REALISTIC
USED IN DIFFERENT FIELDS TIME CONSUMING PROCESSES
EASIER TO REPLICATE
RESULTS CAN BE GENERALIZED
5.SURVEY METHOD: -
A Research technique in which information gathered about individual from a sample
of people by use of a questionnaire.
TYPES
a) Online survey
b) Paper survey
c) Telephonic survey
d) One-to-one interview survey
e) Mail survey

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

EASY TO ADAMINISTER TIME CONSUMING

CAN BE DEVELOP IN LESS TIME RESPONSE DIFFICULTY
CAN BE ANDMINISTERED VIA ONLINE VALIDITY ISSUE
HIGH RESPONSE RATE