SURVEY

METHOD
 INTRODUCTION
Survey research is a new technique for social science
research . It is quite an old technique and was largely
developed in 18th century. Survey research mostly used by
psychologist ,sociologist and anthropologists. A survey is a
list of questions aimed at extracting specific data from a
particular group of people. Surveys may be conducted by
phone, mail, via the internet, and sometimes face-to-face
on busy street corners or In malls.
 Stages / Phases in Survey Research

DESIGN AND DATA COLLECTION DATA ANALYSIS

PLANNING PHASE PHASE AND REPORTING

1.RESEARCH QUESTION
FORMULATION 1. LOCATING THE 1. EDITING
2. DECIDE SURVEY RESPONDENTS
2. CODING
RESEARCH 2. ASSESSING THE
RESPONDENTS AND 3. DATA ANALYSIS
3. DRAW THE SAMPLE
FIELD SETTINGS
4.DATA GATHERING 4. WRITE UP
3. SUPERVISION AND
TECHNIQUES
MONITORING OF
5. QUESTIONNAIRE MAIN SURVEY
CONSTRUCTION

6.FINALIZING THE SURVEY

INSTRUMENT
 TYPES OF RESEARCH
( BASED ON TIME TAKEN)
SURVEY RESEARCH BASED ON
TOOLS

QUESTIONNAIRES :- A QUESTIONNAIRE IS USED WHEN FACTUAL INFORMATION FROM THE RESPONDENT IS
REQUIRED .IT CONSIST OF A FORM CONTAINING A SERIES OF QUESTION WHERE THE RESPONDENT THEMSELVES
FILL THE ANSWER.
THERE ARE NUMBERS OF CONSIDERATION THAT NEED TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN CREATING
SURVEYS FOR CHILDREN.
•KEEP QUESTIONS AS SHORT AS POSSIBLE
•REDUCE THE NO. OF RESPONSE OPTION
•USE VOCABULARY THAT IS RELEVANT TO THE AGE
GROUP
•AVOID INFORMATION FOCUS ON FEELING
•AVOID NEGATIVELY PHRASED STATEMENTS
 TYPES OF QUESTIONNAIRES
FIXED RESPONSE/CLOSE ENDED QUESTIONNAIRE:- AS IF NAME
IMPLIES A FIXED RESPONSE QUESTIONNAIRE IS A QUESTIONNAIRE
WHICH CONSIST OF QUESTIONS WITH THE FIXED NUMBER OF OPTION
AND CHOICE
EXAMPLE :- WHAT IS FRIENDSHIP TO U ? A) FAMILY B) LOVE

OPEN ENDED QUESTIONNAIRE :- WHICH CONSIST OF QUESTIONS THAT
REQUIRE SHORT OR LENGTHY ANSWERS BY THE RESPONDENT.
EXAMPLE :- WHAT IS FRIENDSHIP TO U ?

MAIL QUESTIONNAIRE :- WHICH IS MAILED TO A DESIGNATES SUBJECT
WITH A REQUEST TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS AND RETURN IT THROUGH
MAIL.

FACE TO FACE ADMINISTERED QUESTIONNAIRE :- IS ONE WHERE THE
SELECTED SUBJECTS ARE GIVEN QUESTIONNAIRE WITH INSTRUCTIONS
TO COMPLETE THEM IN THE PRESENCE OF INVESTIGATOR
 INTERVIEWS
INTERVIEW IS A FACE TO FACE SITUATION BETWEEN THE INTERVIEWER AND
THE RESPONDENT , WHICH INTEND TO ELICIT SOME DESIRED INFORMATION
FROM THE LATTER . THUS AN INTERVIEW IS A SOCIAL PROCESS INVOLVING
TWO PERSON.
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE INTERVIEW, ITS IS IMPORTANT FOR YOU
TO ASSESS THE CHILD’S DEVELOPMENTAL LEVEL AND TO FRAME THE
INTERVIEW SO THAT AGE APPROPRIATE INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES ARE USED.
3 IMPORTANT CONDITION FOR HE SUCCESS OF INTERVIEW. ( CANELL
& KAHN)
1. ACCESSIBILITY :- THE INFORMATION REQUIRED FROM THE RESPONDENT .
SHE/HE MUST BE ABLE TO CONVEY
2. COGNITION :- THE RESPONDENT MUST KNOW AND UNDERSTAND WHAT
TYPE OF INFORMATION HE IS GOING TO EXPRESS.
3. MOTIVATION :- THE RESPONDENT MUST BE MOTIVATED TO GIVE
ACCURATE ANSWERS BECAUSE A HIGHLY DISTORTED ANSWER IS NO
BETTER THAN NO ANSWER AT ALL .
 TYPES OF INTERVIEW
 FORMAL/STRUCTURED INTERVIEW :- IT MAY BE DEFINED AS
ONE IN WHICH ALREADY PREPARED QUESTIONS ARE ASKED IN A
SET ORDER BY THE INTERVIEWER AND ANSWER ARE RECORDED IN
A STANDARDIZED FORM. IT IS A SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE FOR
COLLECTING INFORMATION REGARDING THE RESPONDENT.
 INFORMAL/UNSTRUCTURED :- WHERE THERE IS NO
PREDETERMINED QUESTIONS. IT IS LEFT TO THE INTERVIEWER TO
ASK SOME QUESTION IN A WAY HE LIKES. THE SITUATION
REMAINED UNSTRUCTURED.
IMPORTANT SOURCE OF ERROR IN INTERVIEW :-
•ATTITUDE OF THE INTERVIEWER
•LACK OF WARMTH IN SITUATION OF THE INTERVIEW
 PANEL TECHNIQUE
THE PANEL TECHNIQUE IS ONE OF THEM WHERE THE RE-INTERVIEW
DESIGN IS USED AND THE SAME SAMPLE IS INTERVIEWED MORE
THAN ONCE,  IT IS USED PRIMARILY FOR STUDYING CHANGES IN
BEHAVIOR OR ATTITUDES THROUGH REPEATED INTERVIEWS. THESE
INDIVIDUALS GENERALLY PROVIDE DEMOGRAPHIC, HOUSEHOLD
AND BEHAVIORAL DATA, WHICH CAN MAKE CONDUCTING
FUTURE STUDIES EASIER.

TELEPHONE SURVEY
IN THIS SURVEY THE RESPONDENT IS INTERVIEWED BY THE
INVESTIGATOR ON TELEPHONE. THIS TYPE OF SURVEY HAVE THE
ADVANTAGE OF BEING QUICK AND SPEEDY IN COLLECTING
INFORMATION ABOUT THE RESPONDENT.
 ADVANTAGES
GREAT DEAL OF INFORMATION CAN BE OBTAINED BY STUDYING
THE LARGE POPULATION
 LOW COST
 GOOD STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
 PRECISE RESULT

DISADVANTAGES
RESEARCH REMAINS AT THE SURVEY ( NOT IN DEPTH )
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS – TIME CONSUMING
POSSIBLE INAPPROPRIATENESS OF QUESTIONS