LESSON NOTES

Lower Beginner S1 #22

Do Turkish People Usually Say
"Good Morning" at Night?

CONTENTS
2 Turkish
2 English
2 Vocabulary
3 Sample Sentences
3 Vocabulary Phrase Usage
4 Grammar
6 Cultural Insight

# 22
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 TURKISH

1. ALICE: Ya burad a üç yıld ır yaşıyorum ve hala ne zaman 'iyi günler' yerine

'iyi akşamlar' d iyeceğimi bilmiyorum.

2. HAKAN: Akşam 6 gibi iyi olur d iye d üşünüyorum.

3. ALICE: Ben d e öyle d üşünmüştüm. Ama yine d e, d ün garip bir kad ın bana
"Günayd ın" d ed i.

4. HAKAN: Ne zaman?

5. ALICE: Akşam yed i buçuk gibi.

6. HAKAN: Belki d e vampird ir...

ENGLISH

1. ALICE: Okay, I've lived here for three years, and I still don't know when to
start saying "good evening" instead of "good afternoon."

2. HAKAN: I think around six p.m. is good.

3. ALICE: That's what I thought! And yet, yesterday, I met this strange woman
who said "Good morning" to me.

4. HAKAN: When?

5. ALICE: It was about seven-thirty...

6. HAKAN: Maybe she was a vampire.

VOCABULARY

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 Tur kish English C lass

ya how about, and, or conjunction

bilmek to know verb

demek to say, to mean, to tell verb

Günaydın. Good morning. expression

garip weird adjective

dün yesterday noun

vampir vampire noun

SAMPLE SENTENCES

Ya ben? Ne zaman geri dönecek bilmiyorum.

How about me? "I don't know when he is coming back."

Onun ismini bilmiyorum. Bizi bekleyeceğini söyledi.

"I don't know her name." "He said that he would wait for us."

Bu ne demek? İnsanlar "Merhaba" der

"What does this mean?" "The people say, 'Hello.'"

Günaydın herkese! Günaydın, nasılsınız?

"Good Morning everyone!" "Good morning, how are you?"

Garip bir mesaj geldi. Dün çok sıcaktı ama bugün o kadar da
kötü değil.
"I received a weird message."
"It was very hot yesterday, but today it's not
bad."

Dün tatildi, yani izinliydik. Son zamanlarda vampir dizileri çok

popüler oldu.
"Yesterday was a holiday, so we had the
day off." "Recently, vampire dramas became very
popular."

VOCABULARY PHRASE USAGE

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Demek "to say, to tell"

The root of this verb is de which can be used in imperative mood as it is. For example. ,e ki.
Ben gelmem, meaning "Say, I won't come."

Demek is used when you quote someone and usually it is used in past tense containing the
morpheme -di, as in dedi, meaning "said," or in inferential past tense as in gelmiş, meaning "I
think he/she said." When you don't want to quote someone but instead say his/her words from
your or a third party's point of view then you use söylemek instead of demek. Söylemek
means "to tell."

For example:

1. A: Ne dedi?
B: "Film sıkıcıymış" dedi.
A: "What did he/she say?"
B: "He/she said "The movie was boring.'"

bilmek "to know, to guess"

Bilmek is used when we guess something right or know something in advance. For example,
Bu soruyu doğru bildim means "I guessed this question right." O konuyu biliyorum means "I
know about that subject."

For example:

1. Maçın sonucunu biliyor musun?

"Do you know about the results of the game?"

GRAMMAR

The Focus of this Lesson is Using the Present Tense Continuous and Negative Sentence
Structure to Say Things Like "I still don't (know when)."
Akşam 6 gibi iyi olur diye düşünüyorum.
"I think around six."

In this lesson, you will learn about Ş imdiki Zaman which is "present continuous tense" in
English. You will also study how to form negative sentences using this tense.

As you know, Turkish is a language of suffixes and all tense suffixes are attached at the end
of the verb root. The suffix for the present continuous is -iyor which corresponds to "-ing" in
English and shows the action somebody's doing at the moment.

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Let's take a look at gitmek ("to go") in present continuous tense with personal suffixes.

gid-iyor-um (First person singular) "I am going."

gid-iyor-sun (Second person singular) "You are going."

gid-iyor (Third person singular) "He/she/it is going."

gid-iyor-uz (First person plural) "We are going."

gid-iyor-sunuz (Second person plural) "You are going."

gid-iyor-lar (Third person plural) "They are going."

The -iyor suffix also changes to -ıyor,-uyor, or -üyor depending on the vowel harmony rules.
Here, the rule is the first vowel of the suffix, which is -i, must change into another vowel to
comply with the final vowel in the word root.

Let's illustrate the previous explanation with an example.

yüz-üyor means "He/she/it is swimming." Here, the -iyor suffix i turns into ü to match the final
vowel of the verb stem, which is also ü.

To make it negative you need to attach the negative suffix -me right after the verb stem. As
you know, in Turkish two vowels cannot exist in sequence. Therefore the -e- in -me can't go
with the -i in -iyor. As in gel-me-iyorum, e drops and becomes gelmiyorum.

Examples from the Dialogue

1. Ya burada üç yıldır yaşıyorum ve hala ne zaman "iyi günler" yerine 'iyi akşamlar'
diyeceğimi bilmiyorum.
"Okay, I've lived here for three years, and I still don't know when to start saying, 'good
evening' instead of 'good afternoon.'"

Sample Sentences

1. Bu konuyu artık düşünmüyorum.

"I'm not thinking about this topic anymore."

2. Bisiklete biniyorum.
"I'm riding a bike."

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3. Ödevini yapıyor musun?
"Are you doing your homework?"

CULTURAL INSIGHT

Are Turks Superstitious?

Turkish mythology is not as abundant as Chinese, Japanese, Indian, or Irish Mythologies. The
mythological creatures are described as a combination of ancient Turkish legends and
Islamic beliefs. Tepegöz ("cyclops"), gulyabani ("ogre"), evliya ("the soul of a hallowed saint"),
şahmeran ("a legendary creature with a female head and a snake body"), cin ("Islamic
hobgoblin") are among the most well known supernatural creatures.

Turkish people can be superstitious. The most common compulsive superstitions are
knocking on wood three times to avoid bad luck, chanting an Islamic prayer after seeing a
black cat, and not passing under a ladder.

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