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This is to certify that Yashoda of class 12th S2 has satisfactorily

completed the project in chemistry on Presence of Oxalate ions
prescribed by the CBSE course in the academic year2023-24. I
have examined the project and hereby accord my approval of it
as a study carried out and presented in the manner required for
its acceptance. This does not necessarily endorse or accept
every statement made or opinion expressed or conclusion
drawn, but only signifies the acceptance of the project for the
purpose it is submitted for.
Mr. Naveen Sir
(Chemistry Teacher) Sign of External Examiner

Sign
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I hereby acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude and

indebtedness to Mr. Naveen Sir whose immense help,
genius guidance, encouragement, necessary suggestions,
initiations, enthusiasm and inspiration made this work a
master art and a joint enterprise. I would also like to
friends and family who help me complete this project and
supported me throughout the process.
Yashoda
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o Aim of the project

o Introduction
o Theory
o Requirements
o Chemical Equations
o Procedure
o Precautions
o Observations
o Calculations
o Conclusions
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Molecular Equations
2KMnO4+ 3H2SO4  K2SO4+ 2MnSO4+2H2O + 4[O]
HOOC-COOH.2H2O + [O] 600C – 700C 2CO2+ 2H2O x 5

3KMnO4+ 3H2SO4+5 HOOC-COOH.2H2O  K2SO4+ 2MnSO4+ 18H2O + 10CO2

Ionic Equations
MnO4-+16H++ 5e-  Mn2++ 4H2O x 2
C2O4  2CO2+ 2e-x 5

2MnO4-+ 16H++ 5C2O42-  2Mn2++8H2O + 10CO2

1. Weighed 50 g of fresh guava and crushed it to a fine pulp using pestle

and mortar.
2. Transferred the crushed pulp to a beaker and added about 50 ml dilute
H2SO4 to it.
3. Boiled the content for about 10 minutes. Cooled and filtered the
contents in a 100 ml measuring flask.
4. Made up the volume 100 ml by adding ample amount of distilled water.
5. Took 20 ml of the solution from the flask and added 20 ml of dilute
sulphuric acid to it.
6. Heated the mixture to about 600 C and titrated it against (n/10) KMnO4
solution taken in a burette till the end point had an appearance of pink
colour.
7. Repeated the above experiment with 50 g of 1day, 2 day and 3 day old
guava fruits.
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1) For raw guava

N1V1 = N2V2
N1 x 10 = (1/10) x132
1/10 x Normality of oxalate = (x/100) = strength of oxalate in fresh guava
extract = normality x Eq. mass of oxalate ion
= 1.32/100 x 44g/litre of diluted extract
= 0.581 g L-1
2) For semi ripened guava (1 day old).
Strength of oxalate in one day old guava extract
= (1.37 /100) x 44g/litre of diluted extract
= 0.603 g L-1
3) For ripened guava
Strength of oxalate in fresh guava extract
= ( 1.39/100) x 44g/litre of diluted extract
= 0.612 g L-1

(a) The normality of oxalate ions of;

 Fresh guava solution is = 1.32 ml
 Semi-ripen guava solution is = 1.37 ml
 Ripened guava solution is = 1.39 ml
(b) The strength of oxalate ions of;
 Fresh guava solution is = 0.58 ml
 Semi-ripened guava is = 0.60 ml
 Ripened guava is = 0.61 ml
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ConClusions
The content of oxalate ions in guava was found to be 59.67 per cent, which is
close to the literature value of 60 percent.
It was also noticed that the content of oxalic ions grows with ripening of
guava.