Section “A” paper 8

i) Rutherford bombarded a thin sheet of gold with

a) 𝛽 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 b) 𝛼 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 c) 𝛾 − 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 d) X-rays
ii) Mass of proton is
a) 1.67×10-31kg b) 1.6×10-27kg c)9.1×10-31kg d) 1.6×10-19kg
iii) A mass spectrograph sort out
a) Molecules b) atoms c) isotope d) elements
iv) 1amu is equal to
a) 9.315Mev b) 93.15Mev c) 2.224Mev d) 931.5Mev
v) The reciprocal of decay constant of radioactive element is
a) Mean life b) total life c) life d) half life
vi) In liquid metal fast breeder reactors, the type of uranium used is
a) 92U235 b) 92U238 c) 92U239 d) 92U234
vii) Thyroid glands play major role in distribution of
a) Iodine b) cobalt c) iron d) none
viii) Three up quarks combine to make a new particle. The charge number on this
particle is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) ½
ix) The background radiation to which we are expressed on the average per year is
a) 20msv b) 2sv c) 0.015sv d) 2msv
x) Which nuclear reaction takes place in the sun and stars.
a) Fission b) fusion c) both a and b d) none of these
xi) Cobalt emits gamma rays of energy
a) 117Mev b) 11.7Mev c) 1.17Mev d) 1.178ev
xii) The unit of decay constant ʎ is
a) m b) m-1 c) s d) s-1
xiii) The quantity of U135 in naturally accuring uranium is about
a) 0.7% b) 30% c) 70% d) 99.3%
xiv) The hadrons formed by combination of quark and anti-quark pair are called
a) Baryons b) mesons c) meuohs d) neutrinos
 PAPER – 8

Section “B”

Q. Attempt any eight parts from the following.

i. Why do heavier elements require more neutrons in order to maintain stability?

ii. What factors make a fusion reaction different to achieve?
iii. Discuss the similarities and differences between fission and fusion?
iv. What are isotopes? Explain with example?
v. Discuss the biological and medical uses of radio isotopes?
vi. Why are large (heavy) nuclear unstable?
vii. How many 𝛼-decay occur in the decay of theorem’90Th298 into 82pb212?
viii. What is color force?
ix. Write a comprehensive note on hadrons, leptons, and quarks?
x. Define and explain nuclear reaction?

Section “C”

Q1) a) Explain the term mass defect and binding energy related to a nucleus?

b) The mass of 14N nucleus is 13.999234µ, calculate the binding energy?

Q2) a) what is meant by nuclear fusion? Discuss how can energy be released in the fusion
process?

b) Half life of radioactive nucleus 86R226 is 1.6× 10years. determine the decay
constant?

Q3) Write a note on nuclear fission? If 1kg of U235 undergoes fission. Calculate total
energy released. Faking the disintegration energy per event to be Q=208Mev.

Q4) Explain the principle, construction, working and necessary mathematical theory of a
mass spectrometer.