See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/351184717

Understanding the Wearable Technology

Conference Paper in SSRN Electronic Journal · January 2021

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3833316

CITATIONS READS

3 3,022

2 authors:

Ankit Singhal Aakanksha Chopra

Jagan Institute of Management Studies BBD University
8 PUBLICATIONS 3 CITATIONS 17 PUBLICATIONS 34 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Ankit Singhal on 08 October 2021.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 Understanding the Wearable Technology
Ms. Aakanksha Chopra1*, Mr. Ankit Singhal2
1
Assistant Professor, JIMS, Rohini, New Delhi-110085, 1aakankshachopra.spm@gmail.com
2
Student (BCA 2nd Year), JIMS, Rohini, New Delhi- 110085, Affiliated to GGSIPU, Dwarka Sec-16 New Delhi-
110078, 2ankit_singhal_bca19s1@jimsindia.org
Abstract
In wearable technology, wearable devices are smart gadgets that can be
worn near or potentially over the skin, where they distinguish, explore,
and send the concerned data like- body gestures or signals, such as
imperative signs, or potentially surrounding information and which
provides immediate bio-feedback to the wearer in some cases. Wearable
innovation has a lot of utilizations that develop as the field itself grows.
It shows up conspicuously in consumer gadgets with the promotion of
the movement tracker and smartwatch. Aside from business utilizations,
wearable technology is being fused into routing frameworks, progressed
materials (textile), and medical care. This paper describes the most used
wearable technology and sensors, wearable computing, working and
architecture of wearable, various application, user preferences, and key
challenges with the wearables.
Keywords-Wearable Technologies, Wearables, Sensors,
Wearable Computing.
1. Introduction
Wearable technology can appear as a recent development; we may think
about the fictional spy gadgets of James Bond or the smartwatches that
presently have high demand in the market. Regardless of this, wearable
technology has been there for a long time as we might suspect, and is
helping shape the eventual fate of design.
Wearable gadgets or devices are electronic gadgets worn by users to
track biometric information identified with wellbeing or wellness.
Wearable gadgets are new signs of embellishments that individuals
wear, for example, Samsung's Gear Watch or Apple's Watch or more
dedicated devices like the Fitbit One wireless activity tracker and
monitor. Wearable gadgets with biometric tracking abilities represent
one of the main wellsprings of data generation. They will diligently and
uninterruptedly record data of different types and from a variety of
conditions.
Fig.1 The Hamilton Pulsar [13]
Wearable technology is getting universal slowly and steadily, and also
wearable technology is now providing solicitation for buyers,
businesses, Disaster administrations, and Defense/Army clients. On the
other hand, wearable technology companies, business people,
advertising companies, and designers are currently exploring innovative
ideas and thoughts to manufacture smart wearables that can serve the
masses.
Ms. Aakanksha Chopra1*, Mr. Ankit Singhal2
Wearables have a promising potential for assorted fields. In medical
services, they can advance more advantageous ways of life and improve
standard consideration rehearses current arrangements are still in their
early stages, however, further endeavors are required until wearable
advances become open, safe, and mainstream.
The most instinctive part of wearable gadgets is that it tends to be
unimaginably best amongst devices, and simultaneously is effective in
providing basic functionalities to the users. Undoubtedly, there is an
increase in wearable technology organizations who are investing
extreme amounts of energy to conceptualize the pivotal wearable gadget
(i.e. smartwatches, fitness trackers, smart glasses, smart clothing) [1].
The extent of wearable technologies is expansive and indistinct, and
deciding the attributes and determinations is prickly. Wearable
technology can be divided into following three fundamental classes:
• Wearable Wellbeing Technology- are used in healthcare sectors
• Wearable Textile Technology- are used in making clothes and
other textiles
• Wearable Consumer Technology- are used to create consumer
wearable’s- like a smartwatch and other wearable devices we
commonly use. Wearable technology might be worn like
eyeglasses, wristwatch, wristband, a ring, an identification,
adornments, shoes, or dress.
Professor Steve Man constructed a model of a wearable PC imaging
framework in 1980 [2]. It comprised of a lens, a mirror, reflections of
eyeglasses, an incompletely silvered mirror, and two receiving wires for
correspondence. For more than 16 years, from 1980 until 1997, his
framework had gone through numerous improvements until turning into
a model comprising of eyeglasses, a computer worn in the back under
the shirt, and handheld control. It was further evolved by Pranav Mistry
(at MIT Media Lab) by the name of a device called "WUW" (Wear yoUr
World), in 2009.
In 1995, Thad Starner classified "The Cyborgs are Coming" [3]. Starner
differentiated two principle qualities- steadiness and consistency.
Consistency means the lasting accessibility of wearable computers and
the capacity to utilize them while at the same time performing different
undertakings. Steadiness means how an individual wearable device can
be used in multiple conditions or circumstances.
Professor Kevin Warwick actualized a sensor installed in the middle
nerves of his left arm in 1998 [3]. This work was used to control an
artificial hand and a wheelchair by examining the transferred signals and
creating artificial sensors through controls on the arm.
Considering the previous work done on wearable devices; in this
research, an online survey was conducted on people of different
professions to know which are the most preferred wearable, and their
characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The survey was
conducted via online platforms like LinkedIn, WhatsApp, and
Instagram, etc. and over 150+ responses were collected. Most of the
participants were students, interns, and freelancers. From the survey
report, an analysis was done over the preferred devices, sensors, features,
risk factors, etc.
2. Wearable Computing
Wearable computing is the investigation or practice of imagining,
designing, constructing, or using scaled-down body-borne
computational and tangible gadgets. Wearable PCs may be worn under,
or in attire, or act like pieces of clothing (for example "Smart Clothing").
A significant qualification between wearable PCs and versatile PCs
(handheld and PCs model) is that the objective of wearable computing is
to position or contextualize the PC so that the human and PC are
inseparably interwoven, to accomplish the Humanistic [4].
The main component of Humanistic Intelligence is the capacity to
perform multiple tasks. An individual does not have to stop what they
are doing to utilize a wearable PC since it is constantly running out of
sight, to increase or intercede the human's communications. Therefore,
wearable computing can be characterized as an exemplification of, or an
endeavor to epitomize Humanistic Intelligence.
3. Wearable Technology in Different Sectors
3.1 Health & Fitness Wearables
Wearables are mostly connected with the wellbeing and health areas.
Smartwatches, similar to a Fitbit or Apple Watch, can track everything
from pulses to our day to day walking steps. These types of gadgets
empower steady observation and information assortment, thereby
allowing providers to take a look at information after some time and
comprehend patterns of user behavior. A more profound comprehension
of user behavior is one of the keys to improving health [9].
These devices are outfitted with different sensors, calculations, and are
capable of synchronizing with mobile apps. With progressing propels in
versatile sensor development, privately gathered actual physical activity
can be used as an expansion to an existing procedure to explore health
information in research. Also, data accumulated from these devices can
be used for patient diagnostics and treatment [5]. Smartwatches, fitness
trackers, wrist bands, movement sensors, sensible footwear, and
wearable patches could appear sort of a luxury nowadays, however,
they can outline the healthcare industry of tomorrow. These are
utilized to gauge information including fundamental signs like Blood
pressure, body temperature, heart rate, posture, blood oxygen saturation,
Physical activities through the use of electrocardiogram (ECG),
Ballistocardiogram (BCG), and other devices (see Fig 2).
Fig 2. Health and Fitness Wearables [14]
3.2 Gaming Wearable’s
Gaming is one of the greatest arising outskirts for wearable technology.
Devices like wearable game regulators explore how individuals
cooperate with games and their possible uses. Since the beginning of
personal computing, video games have been used more just for fun only.
Just as video games being utilized in a wide assortment of settings, there
has likewise been significant variation in the manner we cooperate with
them - from fundamental mouse and console association to the
presentation of non-conventional gaming frameworks such the Nintendo
Wii and Microsoft Kinect [6].
Virtual Reality (VR) headsets are the most widely recognized (and
mainstream) type of wearables in the business. VR headsets, similar to
the Oculus Rift or the Play Station VR, in a flash, submerge gamers in
other-common encounters from the subsequent they tie in. VR wearables
are bringing amazing encounters like these to gamers everywhere in the
Ms. Aakanksha Chopra1*, Mr. Ankit Singhal2
world [9].
3.3 Fashion Wearables
Wearable technology has acquired a spot in the fashion industry in which
pieces of clothing react to the climate they are worn in. They give
receptive reactions to the climate. There are genuinely receptive dresses,
light-responsive pieces of clothing, and different pieces of clothing that
react to the unexpected climate they are worn in [10]. Like Sensoria
socks that contain textile pressure sensors that pair with an anklet that
magnetically snaps to the sleeve of the sock and connects with a cell
phone application.
Smart accessories like smartwatches, bangles, adornment keychains,
bracelets, smart rings, bands, earrings, wristlets, necklaces, anklets,
smart gloves, etc., have taken the style game quite forward. They appear
elegant, and are available in all types of metals, starting from valuables
to semi-valuables and even artificial ones [15-20].
3.4 Educational Wearables
As wearable technology keeps on advancing and turns out to be more
noticeable in our lives, students will bring this technology into schools
consequently evolving, improving, and altering the school climate in
significant manners. In a custom curriculum, this technology can in a
general sense change how students deal with their incapacity and
interface with their current circumstances.
Using wearable technology like Google Glass, physiological measures
can be resolved that over the long haul can be used to anticipate
emergencies, and give that data to guardians through cell phones and to
the youngster continuously. If you can foresee conduct scenes,
guardians, and educators at that point need to endeavor to deescalate the
circumstance [7].
4. Wearable Survey
A survey was conducted on over 150+ respondents and their responses
were collected on factors like- profession, currently used wearable
device, features of that device, future preferred device, time spent with
that wearable, etc. A lot of preferences were collected from that survey.
All the discovered devices are shown below according to their
preference.
4.1 User Preferences
On behalf of the survey, it is observed that most of the users prefer the
category of wearables related to clothing or clipped over cloths, and wrist
(refer table 1.1) and the most used individual wearable devices are smart
glasses and smart shoes (refer table 1.2).
From table 1.1 it can be observed that wearables related to clothing are
comparatively more preferred, around 19% of total responses as
compared to other category devices and according to the individual
wearables data (refer table 1.2), it can be analyzed that the most preferred
smart wearable device is smart glasses that is preferred by more than
16% of the respondents. The preferences are as follows:
Table 1 Categorized Device Preferences record table
Category Preferences
Clothing or can be clipped on clothing 29
Wrist 27
clipped on shoes 14
Embedded on clothing 19
Embedded in jewelry 15
Earbuds/Headphones 10
Smart Glasses 19
Head mounts 3
Around chest 2
Contact lenses 4
Tattooed Skin 1
 it, implies that the amount of data of organizations will only grow not
decline.

Wearable innovation develops the quantity and kind of information that

wearable gadgets gathers. For instance, the data that wearable gadgets
gather isn't restricted to individuals' biomedical data, but, also their
geological area, social collaborations, and the huge number of high-
resolution photographs and recordings that are currently in like manner
utilization for most web-based media stages. The achievement of
wearable gadgets shortly will rely upon the capacity of Body-Based
Networking designs to help high data transfer speed just as secure and
productive data streams. In this context, the capacity to associate various
gadgets to cell phones with a low energy utilization overhead will be an
extensive advantage. It should likewise be recalled that in the current
networked worldview, the fundamental stream is from gadgets to the
distributed storage framework, like storeroom, for example DropBox or
a social stage like Facebook.

To process and store the collected data from the user wearable devices
have proper modulated circuits or modules that takes the input from the
user interaction, and surrounding through the input modules and
performs the tasks and generates the required output through the output
modules like storage, display, audio output, and wireless connectivity
Fig.3 Categorized Device Preferences module, etc.
According to the observations from the survey, the mostly used wearable
devices are shown in Table 2. All wearable devices have the same architecture, the thing that differs is
their organizations. Mostly all the wearable devices consist of the
Table 2 Device Preferences Records following modules:

Device Preference Device Preference

Anklet 3 Jacket 18

Armband 7 Necklace 4

Backband 1 Pendant 1

Belt 6 Ring 2

Bracelet 3 Shirt 6
Contact
4 Shoes 20
Lenses
Chest
2 Tattoo 1
Mounted
Earring 4 Headphones 8

Earpiece 3 Head mounted 2

Glasses 25 Watch 6

Helmet 1 Wrist mounted 16

Fig.5 Modules of Wearables

• Sensors- Sensors are devices that are incorporated into wearable

Fig.4 Device Preferences
5. Wearable Devices Architecture and Working
The development of portable networks empowered the advancement of
wearable innovation. In the most essential sense, we need to comprehend
that wearable innovation is that innovation that has gadgets attached to
the garments we wear. The amount of data generated by every individual
is growing at an enormous rate and the more prominent adaption of
wearable innovation, which can produce data just as receive and process
articles that help in monitoring the health or potentially give
clinically pertinent information for analysis.
• Microprocessor- A microprocessor is an integrated circuit
designed to function like reading instruction from the memory,
decoding, and executing the received instructions. It processes the
data as required in the instructions.
• Battery- A wearable device uses a Li-ion rechargeable battery of
a specific size like 240 mah battery. The battery used in the
wearables can be built-in or removable.
• Storage- The storage module in a wearable device is hardware that
is used to store information and log files collected from the device.
A wearable device can have two types of storage devices:
mountable (like SD cards), and fixed storage devices (i.e. Internal
storage).

Ms. Aakanksha Chopra1*, Mr. Ankit Singhal2

• Wireless Connectivity- A wearable device can have Bluetooth
and Wi-Fi connectivity which are used to connect to devices like
smartphones, PCs, and many other devices. Wearables have IC’s
that helps in wireless connectivity with other devices.
• Touch Sensor- With the advancement in android technology, most
of the things we use now are the smart device which has touch
sensors to interact with the user. Wearables also use touch sensors
to make user interaction much reliable.
• Sound system- Wearables have audio input and output modules
(i.e. speakers and microphones) that help the user to communicate
with people and also to enjoy various media files on the device.
Some wearables have additional sound units that are used for alerts
only.
• Display- This is one of the main modules of a wearable device that
helps to display data to the user and to take user inputs. Wearables
can have a display with a touch sensor or with a button input. This
is the medium through which the user interacts with the device to
perform tasks into the device.
6. Working of Wearable Devices
User Sensor Processor
Smart Wireless Output
Phone Connector Devices
Cloud
Fig.6 Steps involved in connecting to Wearable Devices
The sensor module in the wearable device collects data from the user and
sends the data to the microprocessor module in the device. The processor
processes the collected instructions and performs the required tasks.
After processing the instructions are converted into useful information
and send to the output module of the device (i.e. screen, audio output),
and stores the data in the storage.
Wearable devices can be synchronized with android devices through
wireless communication modules like Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi. This will
help to operate the wearable with the android device, and also helps to
send the notifications from the android device to the wearable.
After synchronizing the wearable with the android device, the user can
store the data in an appropriate information cloud for storage.
7. Sensors in Wearable Devices
Wearable devices rely completely on sensors that take data from the user
and sends it to the device for further processing as shown above. There
are a lot of sensors that are found in wearables to collect data and perform
consecutive functionalities. Some of them are mentioned below:
• Gyroscope and Accelerometer: The gyroscope is utilized to measure
angular velocity and can be utilized for navigation purposes, as it
identifies direction and rotations. Another regularly used movement
identifying sensor is the accelerometer, which tracks the fundamental
human movements.
• Wearable Electrodes: The electric pulses in the electrodes read the
pulse in a person, so the electrodes are made to stick directly onto the
Ms. Aakanksha Chopra1*, Mr. Ankit Singhal2
skin. Electrodes in clinical wearable devices are very mainstream
among specialists to gauge EMG, EEG, and EKG on a specific part
of the body.
• Temperature Sensor: This sensor monitors the body temperature;
the more the body appears to warm up, the more exceptional a
workout is identified by a fitness tracker with this sensor.
• Proximity Sensor: A proximity sensor distinguishes whether a
characterized subject is available close by. The characterized subject
fluctuates from a genuine human to non-living items or even a wall.
8. Advantages of Wearable Technology
In the most recent decade, just wearable innovation has rapidly
developed, and organizations' shoppers and partnerships are initiating to
utilize various gadgets for a lot many purposes like movement trackers,
smartwatches, and advanced smart clothing.
Wearable innovation gives us the ability to notice our wellness levels,
track location using GPS, and read instant messages quickly, besides this
the best thing about these wearable gadgets is that almost all of the
devices permit us to try and do this all fully hands- free. Additionally,
they're portable too.
Some advantages of wearables are stated below:
• Staying Connected
Wearables help us by providing message alerts, incoming calls, and
generously helps to decrease our interaction with the phone. It can help
you to find your phone when you lost it, or even UI with IoT enables
contraptions in your home, (e.g., switching on/off the lights or changing
the temperature of the air conditioners) [11].
• Wearable Technology Saves Lives
The most recent age of smartwatches from significant producers like
Apple and Samsung offer ECG and Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)
warnings, alongside fall identification that conveys trouble messages
with area variations if no reaction is received from clients for a set
period [12].
Another fascinating gadget is the LifeShirt. This is a multi-function
wearable clothing gadget that is capable of simultaneously
monitoring a few physiological signs and patient reports of
indications and prosperity. The LifeShirt framework is an extensible
information procurement and preparing stage comprised of a piece of
clothing, PC-based analysis software, and a data recorder. Sensors in
the LifeShirt garment persistently monitor respiration, the
electrocardiogram, and posture [8].
• Authentication
Wearables appear to be aiming in the direction toward authenticity as a
technique for performing tasks like getting into shows, and buying things
at the shop while not experiencing the monotonous checkout strategy.
9. Disadvantages of Wearable Technology
Wearable devices have a lot of features that are very beneficial for the
users but with the features, there are also some downsides like-
• Price- Wearables may appear to be impressive to most, however,
most of the studies indicate that wearable devices are costly for
most of the users.
• Battery- Wearables will generally have genuinely more limited
battery life. For example, gadgets like the Fitbit trackers can be
used continuously for a few days yet a portion of the further
developed gadgets like the Apple Watch can only be used for a day
of soy.
• Charging Mechanism- The majority of people have issues with
charging the gadgets regularly due to insufficient battery capacity
and also because of low powered chargers which takes a lot of
time to charge the device.
 • Data Accuracy- These wearables can't be trusted to gauge medical
information as in most of the cases it is found that they provide
bogus readings. This wrong information can be proved fatal for
patients having major diseases like heart diseases.
10. Key Challenges with Wearables
The significant key difficulties found in wearable technology is
acquiring supportable client commitment because a large number of
these electronic contraptions have a more limited timeframe of realistic
usability. There are numerous instances of wearable gadgets that have
amazing plans and usefulness, yet they are bombarded and neglected to
make a durable effect on the client's lives, practices, and propensities.
Here is a portion of the utilitarian reasons which are responsible for less
user interaction with the wearables:
• Issues in synchronizing with smartphones
• User Experience(UX) issues
• Discomfited designs
• Decent battery life
• Poor quality
Right now, the vast majority of the information that is accessible through
wearable devices isn't significantly adequate for programmers.
However, as wearable devices and their abilities keep on developing,
they are very inclined to get followed by higher-need targets. Therefore,
it fills a positive need to transfer data, however, with the big data there's
a loophole that the data can be misused.
The main problem with wearable gadgets is that many of the wearables
will have zero safety efforts for securing data. The way that an important
part of the data is decoded and that an enormous portion of these
contraptions use Bluetooth or Wi-Fi association to transfer data provides
basic permission to the hackers.
11. Conclusion
Wearable technology have developed steadily with technological
progressions, for example GPS frameworks, electronic chips, Wi-Fi
frameworks, and sensors. Wearables are more significantly used in the
healthcare sector, the fashion sector, and the education sector.
From the survey report, various data were collected such as types of
wearables, most used wearables, features of wearables, and many others.
According to the analyzed report, it was found that most people use
wearables in their daily life. From the survey report, it was recorded that
41% of the responses were from students, 20% were from teachers, 19%
from interns, and freelancers, 14% people were employees, and the
remaining 7% were from a different business. It shows that wearables
are mostly used in the education sector and healthcare sectors,
Over the most recent twenty years, there has been a phenomenal
expansion in the use of wearable innovation. Wearable gadgets like
smartwatches, activity tracking devices and amplifiers have become a
basic part of our life. Today, the dispersal of wearable advancements is
exactly at the early adopter stage both for the general public and
organizations. However, in the upcoming future the advancement of
wearable innovations, smartwatches, and smart glasses will practically
be finished their developments and these technological gadgets will be
embraced by the social orders and organizations. The objective of the
study is to understand what exactly wearable technology and wearables
are and also to understand their working, their pros and cons. In this
paper, it is proposed that wearable technologies will make life more
easier for the people, enhance VR in games, and help the doctors
to analyze the health indicators of the people continuously. To
summarize, the upcoming future will be simpler, secure, quicker,
healthier and more engaging with the wearable advancements and future
will be full of advanced wearables devices that nobody can even imagine
now.
REFERENCES
Ms. Aakanksha Chopra1*, Mr. Ankit Singhal2
View publication stats
1. Motti V.G. (2020) Introduction to Wearable Computers. In: Wearable
Interaction. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27111-4_1
2. S. Mann, “Wearable computing: a first step toward personal imaging,”
Computer, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 25–32, 1997.
3. H. Witt, User Interfaces for Wearable Computers: Development and
Evaluation, Vieweg and Teubner, Germany, 2008.
4. Singh, A. K., & Agarwal, D. (2013). Wearable Computing: It’s
Application and Devices. 4(7), 568–572.
https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Wearable-Computing-Its-
Application-and-Devices.pdf.
5. Henriksen A, Haugen Mikalsen M, Woldaregay AZ, et al. Using
Fitness Trackers and Smartwatches to Measure Physical Activity in
Research: Analysis of Consumer Wrist-Worn Wearables. J Med
Internet Res. 2018; 20(3):e110. Published 2018 Mar 22.
doi:10.2196/jmir.9157
6. Steel, E. (2015). Natural, Wearable Game Controllers.
http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/4955
7. Attallah, B., & Ilagure, Z. (2018). Wearable Technology: Facilitating
or Complexing Education? International Journal of Information and
Education Technology, 8(6), 433–436.
https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2018.8.6.1077
8. Grossman, Paul. (2004). The LifeShirt: A multi-function ambulatory
system monitoring health, disease, and medical intervention in the real
world. Studies in health technology and informatics. 108. 133-41.
9. Built In. (2019). What is Wearable Technology? Examples of
Wearables. https://builtin.com/wearables
10. Us, H., & Us, C. (2020). Wearable Technology : Transforming The
Fashion Industry. 1–8. https://e2logy.com/wearable-technology-
transforming-the-fashion-industry/
11. Ritz Santiago. (2019). Wearable technology. 15–16.
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/417753451/Wearable-
Technology
12. Industry, H. (2020). Is Wearable Technology Saving Lives ? 1–10.
https://volumetree.com/is-wearable-technology-saving-lives/
13. https://antiquorum-swiss-assets.s3.us-west-
2.amazonaws.com/images/267/lots/561/medium_561.jpg
14. https://www.online-tech-tips.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/01/ScanWatch.jpg.optimal.jpg
15. Alqaralleh, B.A.Y., Vaiyapuri, T., Parvathy, V.S. et al. Blockchain-
assisted secure image transmission and diagnosis model on Internet of
Medical Things Environment. Pers Ubiquit Comput (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-021-01543-2
16. Le, DN., Parvathy, V.S., Gupta, D. et al. IoT enabled depthwise
separable convolution neural network with deep support vector
machine for COVID-19 diagnosis and classification. Int. J. Mach.
Learn. & Cyber. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-020-01248-7
17. B. A. Y. Alqaralleh, S. N. Mohanty, D. Gupta, A. Khanna, K. Shankar
and T. Vaiyapuri, "Reliable Multi-Object Tracking Model Using Deep
Learning and Energy Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks,"
in IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 213426-213436, 2020, doi:
10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3039695.
18. Shankar, K., Sait, A. R. W., Gupta, D., Lakshmanaprabu, S. K.,
Khanna, A., & Pandey, H. M. (2020). Automated detection and
classification of fundus diabetic retinopathy images using synergic
deep learning model. Pattern Recognition Letters, 133, 210-216.
19. Mohanty, S. N., Ramya, K. C., Rani, S. S., Gupta, D., Shankar, K.,
Lakshmanaprabu, S. K., & Khanna, A. (2020). An efficient
Lightweight integrated Blockchain (ELIB) model for IoT security and
privacy. Future Generation Computer Systems, 102, 1027-1037.
20. Arora M., Kansal, V. and Swaroop A., “Enactment of Phonetic
Algorithms on Twitter Dataset, Journal of Advanced Research in
Dynamical and Control Systems, 11(4), Special Issue, pp 224-235,
Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, 2019