KỲ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN

KHU VỰC DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ

NĂM 2023

ĐÁP ÁN MÔN: TIẾNG ANH 11

Ngày thi:
(Đáp án gồm 10 trang)

A. LISTENING (50 points)

Part 1. (10 points)

1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T

Part 2. (10 points)

6. brain and heart/ heart and brain

7. dehydration and over-hydration/ dehydration; over-hydration

8. Athletes/ They are athletes

9. 2-2,7/ 2 to 2,7

10. optimal hydration

Part 3. (10 points)

11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C

Part 4. (20 points)

16. organs and cells 17. causing hypertension.

18. arteries 19. heart attack or stroke.

20. intestinal nervous system. 21. your gut bacteria

22. releases hormones 23. susceptible to infections

24. sabotage 25. those situations as challenges

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B. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (30 points)
Part 1. For questions 26-45, choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences
and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (20 points)

26. C 27. B 28. A 29.C 30.A 31.B 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.A

36.D 37.C 38.B 39.A 40.A 41.B 42.B 43.A 44.A 45.D

Part 2. For questions 46-55, give the correct form of each given word to complete the following
sentences and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (10
points)

46. telltale 47. cold-shouldered

48. doorstep 49. capstone

50. arm-twisting 51. insensate

52. quizzical 53. embattled

54. embedded 55. feverishly

C. READING (60 points)

Part 1. For questions 56-65, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word and
write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes on the answer sheet. (15 points)

56. would/ does 57. intents 58. tell/ see 59. say 60. into

61. such 62. ourselves 63. being 64. when 65. do

Part 2. For questions 66-75, read the passage below and choose the answer A, B, C or D that fits
best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided on the
answer sheet. (10 points)
MINERALS AND PLANTS

66. B 67. B 68. B 69. C 70. A 71. D 72. D 73. C 74. D 75. B

Part 3. For questions 76-88, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (13 points)

76. T 77. T 78. NG 79. F 80. F 81. T 82. F

83. temperatures

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 84. day-neutral / day-neutral plants

85. insects / fertilization by insects

86. rainfall / suitable rainfall

87. sugarcane

88. classification

Part 4: (7 points)
The man who proved that everyone is good at Maths.

89. C 90. F 91. H 92. D 93. G 94. A 95. E

Part 5: (15 points)

96. C 97. B 98. D 99. B 100. E 101. C 102. D 103. A 104. C 105. B

D. WRITING (60 points)

Contents (10 point)
- The summary MUST NOT contain personal opinions.
Language use (0.5 point)
The summary should:
- show attempts to convey the main ideas of the original text by means of paraphrasing (structural and
lexical use),
- demonstrate correct use of grammatical structures, vocabulary, and mechanics (spelling,
punctuations,...),
- maintain coherence, cohesion, and unity throughout (by means of linkers and transitional devices).
Penalties
- A penalty of 0.1 point to 0.2 point will be given to personal opinions found in the summary.
- A penalty of 0.1 point to 0.2 point will be given to any summary with more than 30% of words copied
from the original.
- A penalty of 0.1 point will be given to any summary longer than 130 words or shorter than 90 words.
Suggested answer:
The passage elaborates on managing weight. Losing weight should be about long-term success. Those
who lose weight quickly by crash dieting usually gain back all, if not more, of the weight they lost
because they have not permanently changed their habits. The best weight management strategies can be

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maintained for a lifetime. This means changing how and when you eat. You also need to start
exercising. Doing these three things will help find out why you are overweight, follow a healthy eating
plan and exercise regularly. Find new ways to deal with weight gain by learning new ways to handle
stress and talking with a counselor if you need to. Follow a healthy diet that is low in fat and sugar but
high in fiber. Losing weight is not easy but the effort is worth it.
Part II: Chart description -15 pts
Contents (10 point)
- The report MUST cover the following points:
•Introduce the chart (0.2 point) and state the striking features (0.2 point)
•Describe main features with relevant data from the charts and make relevant comparisons (0.6 point)
- The report MUST NOT contain personal opinions. (A penalty of 1 point to 2 points will be given to
personal opinions found in the answer.)
Language use (0.5 points)
The report should:
- demonstrate a wide variety of lexical and grammatical structures,
- have correct use of words (verb tenses, word forms, voice,…); and mechanics (spelling,
punctuations,...).
Part II: Essay - 30 pts
The mark given to part 3 is based on the following criteria:
1. Task achievement (10 point)
a. All requirements of the task are sufficiently addressed.
b. Ideas are adequately supported and elaborated with relevant and reliable explanations, examples,
evidence, personal experience, etc.
2. Organization (10 point)
a. Ideas are well organized and presented with coherence, cohesion, and unity.
b. The essay is well-structured:
•Introduction is presented with a clear thesis statement introducing the points to be developed.
•Body paragraphs develop the points introduced with unity, coherence, and cohesion. Each body
paragraph must have a topic sentence and supporting details and examples when necessary.
•Conclusion summarizes the main points and offers personal opinions (prediction, recommendation,
consideration,…) on the issue.
3. Language use (0.5 point)
a. Demonstration of a variety of topic-related vocabulary

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b. Excellent use and control of grammatical structures
4. Punctuation, spelling, and handwriting (0.5 point)
a. Correct punctuation and no spelling mistakes
b. Legible handwriting
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TAPESCRIPT
PART 1:
Interviewer: Today we have the celebrated artist Bridget Riley in the studio. Bridget, how does such a
hardworking painter of your fame relax? What do you like to do when you have the time to go on
holiday?
Bridget: I don't go on holidays just to relax. I would find lying on a beach hot, uncomfortable and
pretty unendurable. The sort of holiday I take is part and parcel of my work as a painter. Working in a
studio is the heart of the matter - as with any artist - but going out and "looking" has been vitally
important to me for as long as I can remember.
Interviewer: Is it true then that your mother had a strong influence on you, artistically, when you were
young?
Bridget: Yes, indeed. I was first encouraged to "look" by my mother. we were in Cornwall during the
war, which was in itself a kind of wonderful holiday, and she used to take my sister and me on long
walks, pointing things out.
"Look at the shape of the cloud." The lovely thing about walking through the country is that nothing
looks the same twice. If you walk with the sun behind you, the colours are saturated - the sky is solid
blue, the sea resplendent in turquoises, greens, even violets. And, along the paths, tamarisks, gorse and
stony lichen are like a moving frieze of pinks, greens and yellows. But walking along the same path
into the sun, the colours are virtually bleached out - almost black and white.
Interviewer: I see, what was it like, growing up in the 40s and 50s?
Bridget: In post-war Britain, with rationing, clothes coupons and 35 pounds a year travel allowance,
people didn't travel a great deal. My first trip abroad was in the 1950s, to Paris. We stayed at the Hotel
Louisiana, a run-down place in the Rue de Seine.
Interviewer: What was your trip to Paris like? What did you do there?
Bridget: We looked at exhibitions, read books - until then, there were very few books on modern art. I
simply devoured John Rewald's books on impressionism and post-impressionism, Roger Shattock's The
Banquet Years, about Paris at the beginning of the century, and Documents of Modern Art. But most of
all we argued furiously over dinner about what we had seen. I vividly remember seeing Manet's
Olympia and Le dejeuner sur I'herbe at the Jeu de Paume - staggering! And all those Monets. It was a
feast, and I just couldn't get enough of it.

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Interviewer: Do you still visit museums and galleries often? Ehm, I mean, do they influence and inspire
you?
Bridget: For me, visiting museums is a special holiday. A journey in time through which one discovers
partners in imagination and whole new areas of creative adventure. It is extraordinary how, by looking
at works of art, remote though they might be, one finds a way through to the unique character of a
place, a culture - even under a guise.
Interviewer: And, you've been to Egypt recently haven't you?
Bridget: Yes, and I went in the Spring but it wasn't the first time I'd been there. On my first visit to
Egypt I travelled with my sister and the art historian Robert Kudielka. Of course, we saw all the great
monuments - Sakkara, El Giza, Karnak and Luxor. But I couldn't help noticing how the strips of
vegetation on each side of the Nile stood out against the white escarpment of the desert - it was like the
beads and bands of their ancient jewellery.
The desert became a stupendous stage for their ancient civilisation. Suddenly I saw the role those reds,
blacks, blues, turquoises and whites played in ancient Egypt's everyday equipment, the wall hangings,
illuminations, sarcophagi - they were the colours to celebrate life and wellbeing - the gifts of sunshine.
Although I later re-created those colours in my paintings, I never deliberately search for material that
may be useful to me in the studio. It would spoil the very sensation that I take back. Sometimes, the
experience has proved so powerful that it was, and still is, practically inaccessible.
Interviewer: Bridget, thank you very much. It's been fascinating talking to you.

PART 2
Water is virtually everywhere, from soil moisture and ice caps, to the cells inside our own bodies.
Depending on factors like location, fat index, age, and sex, the average human is between 55-60%
water. At birth, human babies are even wetter. Being 75% water, they are swimmingly similar to fish.
But their water composition drops to 65% by their first birthday. So what role does water play in our
bodies, and how much do we actually need to drink to stay healthy? The H20 in our bodies works to
cushion and lubricate joints, regulate temperature, and to nourish the brain and spinal cord.
Water isn’t only in our blood. An adult’s brain and heart are almost three quarters water – that’s
roughly equivalent to the amount of moisture in a banana. Lungs are more similar to an apple at 83%.
And even seemingly dry human bones are 31% water. If we are essentially made of water, and
surrounded by water, why do we still need to drink so much? Well, each day we lose two to three liters
through our sweat, urine, and bowel movements, and even just from breathing.
While these functions are essential to our survival, we need to compensate for the fluid loss.
Maintaining a balanced water level is essential to avoid dehydration or over-hydration, both of
which can have devastating effects on overall health.
At first detection of low water levels, sensory receptors in the brain’s hypothalamus signal the release
of antidiuretic hormone. When it reached the kidneys, it creates aquaporins, special channels that
enable blood to absorb and retain more water, leading to concentrated, dark urine. Increased

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dehydration can cause notable drops in energy, mood, skin moisture, and blood pressure, as well as
signs of cognitive impairment. A dehydrated brain works harder to accomplish the same amount as a
normal brain, and it even temporarily shrinks because of its lack of water. Over-hydration, or
hyponatremia, is usually caused by overconsumption of water in a short amount of time.
Athletes are often the victims of over-hydration because of complications in regulating water levels in
extreme physical conditions. Whereas the dehydrated brain amps up the production of antidiuretic
hormone, the over-hydrated brain slows, or even stops, releasing it into the blood. Sodium electrolytes
in the body become diluted, causing cells to swell. In severe cases, the kidneys can’t keep up with the
resulting volumes of dilute urine.
Water intoxication then occurs, possibly causing headache, vomiting, and, in rare instances, seizures or
death. But that’s a pretty extreme situation. On a normal, day-to-day basis, maintaining a well-hydrated
system is easy to manage for those of us fortunate enough to have access to clean drinking water. For a
long time, conventional wisdom said that we should drink eight glasses a day. That estimate has since
been fine-tuned. Now, the consensus is that the amount of water we need to imbibe depends largely on
our weight and environment.
The recommended daily intake varies from between 2,5-3,7 liters of water for men, and about 2-2,7
liters for women, a range that is pushed up or down if we are healthy, active, old, or overheating.
While water is the healthiest hydrator, other beverages, even those with caffeine like coffee or tea,
replenish fluids as well. And water within food makes up about a fifth of our daily H20 intake. Fruits
and vegetables like strawberries, cucumbers, and even broccoli are over 90% water, and can
supplement liquid intake while providing valuable nutrients and fiber.
Drinking well might also have various long-term benefits. Studies have shown that optimal hydration
can lower the chance of stroke, help manage diabetes, and potentially reduce the risk of certain types of
cancer. No matter what, getting the right amount of liquid makes a world of difference in how you’ll
feel, think, and function day to day.

PART 3
Presenter: Hello, and welcome to our programme, Young hero or heroine of the week. The subject this
week is Cindy Talbot, a final-year college student, who was on the third day of her five-day solo-hiking
trip through Colorado's National Forest when something really extraordinary happened to her - she was
struck by lightning. Apparently, lightning kills nearly a hundred Americans each year, more than
hurricanes or tornadoes, and to survive a direct hit is almost a miracle. Luckily, Cindy was rescued and
we are fortunate to have her with us in the studio today.
Cindy: Hi!
Presenter: Tell me, Cindy, what were you actually doing when the lightning struck?
Cindy: Well, I'd noticed the thunderclouds gathering and I was, like, resting on a rocky peak people
call Eagle Peak, when I heard the thunder rumbling in the distance, and I was sort of unnerved. I gotta
say I thought the thunder sounded kind ominous. So I said to myself, 'Cindy, you'd better get moving’.

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You see I didn't want to get caught in a storm like that. But, I was too late, I guess. I remember when
the downpour started... and it must have lasted for about an hour, at least an hour. I knew it wasn't
going to stop just like that, so I found shelter under some trees.
Presenter: I suppose that seemed the best thing to do at the time.
Cindy: To tell the truth it's not a very wise thing to do considering it was an electric storm, or so I'm
told! But I didn't have much option. Everything happened so quickly and there didn't seem to be
anywhere else nearby where I might find shelter. But eventually the sun came out and the rain started
to move away, so I came out from under the trees to dry off a little bit. And then, I'd just put my
backpack on - it has a metal frame, by the way! - when the whole world exploded, and I felt an
electrical charge surging through my body. It was literally ‘a bolt out of the blue”! I realized that by
some miracle I was still alive and had to get help. But I couldn't move my legs, so I had to crawl. It
sure was heavy going, but after about an hour I reached a wet, muddy kind of track in a clearing in the
forest.
Fortunately for me, Rod and Mark, the two guys who came to my rescue had just happened to be on
their way back home in their pick-up. They run a trapping company, and they... they'd been driving
around in the forest checking their traps, l think. If they hadn't come along at that moment, I'm not sure
if I would have survived the ordeal. When they saw me and heard my story, I don't think they thought
there was a grain of truth in what I was saying at first! Rod told me later that he thought what I'd told
him was a bit far-fetched, to say the least!
They said they'd seen this weird-looking object - seemed to be kind of sprawling across the road... not
moving, but it wasn't a fallen tree - it looked human. I thought: “Gee, thanks!”. Anyway, they'd jumped
out of the truck to get a closer look, and they found me. They managed to get me to the nearest hospital
in record time, and, well, in a few days, I was on my feet again. Thanks to the guys. But ľve still got the
scars on my back, on my hips and foot, too, And I'm scared to death of lightning now.
Presenter: I suppose lightning's not normally something to be terrified about. But you've just got to
know what you're doing, haven't you? So do you feel the experience has had any long term effect on
you?
Cindy: Hmm, l think it's made me realize that I'm a lot more resilient than thought. I'm not really a
quitter and I’m determined, really determined to go on hiking.
Presenter: But perhaps not in electric storms?
Cindy: I can't promise that, I'm afraid!
Presenter: Cindy, thanks for talking to us today.

PART 4:
Stress is a feeling we all experience when we are challenged or overwhelmed. But more than just an
emotion, stress is a hardwired physical response that travels throughout your entire body.

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In the short term, stress can be advantageous, but when activated too often or too long, your primitive
fight or flight stress response not only changes your brain but also damages many of the other organs
and cells throughout your body. Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine,
also known as adrenaline, and norepinephrine.
As these hormones travel through your blood stream, they easily reach your blood vessels and heart.
Adrenaline causes your heart to beat faster and raises your blood pressure, over time causing
hypertension. Cortisol can also cause the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessels, to not function
normally. Scientists now know that this is an early step in triggering the process of atherosclerosis or
cholesterol plaque built up in your arteries. Together, these changes increase our chances of a heart
attack or stroke. When your brain senses stress, it activates your autonomic nervous system. Through
this network of nerve connections, your big brain communicates stress to your enteric, or intestinal
nervous system. Besides causing butterflies in your stomach, this brain-gut connection can disturb the
natural rhythmic contractions that move food through your gut, leading to irritable bowel syndrome,
and can increase your gut sensitivity to acid, making you more likely to feel heartburn.
Via the gut's nervous system, stress can also change the composition and function of your gut bacteria,
which may affect your digestive and overall health. Speaking of digestion, does chronic stress affect
your waistline? Well, yes.
Cortisol can increase your appetite. It tells your body to replenish your energy stores with energy dense
foods and carbs, causing you to crave comfort foods. High levels of cortisol can also cause you to put
on those extra calories as visceral or deep belly fat. This type of fat doesn't just make it harder to button
your pants. It is an organ that actively releases hormones and immune system chemicals called
cytokines that can increase your risk of developing chronic diseases, such as heart disease and insulin
resistance. Meanwhile, stress hormones affect immune cells in a variety of ways. Initially, they help
prepare to fight invaders and heal after injury, but chronic stress can dampen function of some immune
cells, make you more susceptible to infections, and slow the rate you heal.
Want to live a long life?
You may have to curb your chronic stress. That's because it has even been associated with shortened
telomeres, the shoelace tip ends of chromosomes that measure a cell's age.
Telomeres cap chromosomes to allow DNA to get copied every time a cell divides without damaging
the cell's genetic code, and they shorten with each cell division.
When telomeres become too short, a cell can no longer divide and it dies. As if all that weren't enough,
chronic stress has even more ways it can sabotage your health, including acne, hair loss, sexual
dysfunction, headaches, muscle tension, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and irritability.
So, what does all this mean for you?
Your life will always be filled with stressful situations. But what matters to your brain and entire body
is how you respond to that stress. If you can view those situations as challenges you can control and
master, rather than as threats that are insurmountable, you will perform better in the short run and stay
healthy in the long run.

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