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Introduction To Peakvue
Introduction To Peakvue
Peakvue
Objectives
To Understand:
– 1. What Peakvue Is!
– 2. How it Works!
– 3. Filter Options
• Types of filters available
• Calculating the correct filter setting
• Filter Guidelines
– 4. Peakvue Data
• Spectrums and Waveforms
• Diagnosing Faults
– 5. Peakvue Versus Demodulation Techniques
– 6. Acquiring Peakvue Data using the 2120A
What is Peakvue™
What is Peakvue?
– Peakvue is a technology unique to CSI and means ‘Peak Value’
– Such as the Peak Value of an impact generated by a bearing defect in a
time waveform - (True Peak Value)
– If you have a 21XX analyzer you have the capability to acquire
‘Peakvue Data’
Initial Impact
What is Peakvue
If a bearing has a sub-surface defect (early bearing wear), when a
rolling element passes over the defect it bends the race slightly and
then as the rolling element passes it restores back to it’s natural state.
Instantaneous Samples
How Does It Work?
The diagram below shows sampling of data using Peakvue™ data
collection.
Peakvue Samples
How Does It Work?
Peakvue measures the highest amplitude found in a stress waves
(Pk Value) and holds that data
Data passes
through filter
Data is Data is
filtered out filtered out
of the signal of the signal
Filter Selection
To select the correct filter we need to consider the highest operational
defect frequency that we want to measure/detect. Then select the next
available filter above that frequency
E.g.
– Consider a typical motor / pump arrangement. We have:
• 1 - 4 Pole A.C. Induction Motor
• 2 - 3 Jaw Coupling
• 3 - Centrifugal Pump
– Typically the highest defect frequency to emit from this machine would
be?
• 1 - BPFI - Bearing Defect
Filter Selection
4 Pole Motor A.C Induction fitted with bearings SKF 6313
– Defect Frequencies (Orders)
• FTF - 0.384
• BSF - 2.037
• BPFO - 3.071
• BPFI - 4.929
Typically we would want to see the 10th Harmonic of the BPFI
– Highest defect frequency:
• (BPFI x 10) x Turning Speed (Hz)
• (4.929 x 10) x 25
• 1232.3 Hz
– We would then select the next available filter setting above the frequency
Available filters
High Pass Filters Band Pass Filters
– 500hz – 20hz – 150hz
– 1000hz – 50hz – 300hz
– 2000hz – 100hz – 600hz
– 5000hz – 500hz – 1khz
– 10000hz
– 20000hz
From our previous calculation of 1232Hz, What filter setting would we select?
Note: the meter will only allow you to select the next
filter above the specified Fmax.
Filter uses (Band Pass) - Guidelines
Band Pass Filters
– 20hz – 150hz Felt problems on paper machines
– 50hz – 300hz Certain structural resonance excitation,
modulation of gearmesh in low speed machinery
– 100hz – 600hz Gearmesh modulation in intermediate
speed machinery.
– 500hz – 1khz Gearmesh modulation
Calculate what Filter setting would be required for both the motor
and the fan bearings?
– Filters Available:
• 500 Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, 5000Hz, 10000Hz, 20000Hz. (High Pass)
• 20-150Hz, 50-300Hz, 100-600Hz, 500-1KHz. (Band Pass)
Filter Selection - Answers
Motor Speed = 1000CPM / 60 = 16.667Hz
Fan Speed = 1350CPM / 60 = 22.5Hz
Motor.
– BPFI = 4.855
– Defect Frequency = (BPFI x 10) x Turning Speed (Hz)
– Defect Frequency = (4.855 x 10) x 16.667
– Defect Frequency = 809.18 Hz
Filters Available:
• 500 Hz, 1000Hz,
1000Hz 2000Hz, 5000Hz, 10000Hz, 20000Hz. (High
Pass)
• 20-150Hz, 50-300Hz, 100-600Hz, 500-1KHz. (Band Pass)
Filter Selection - Answers
Motor Speed = 1000CPM / 60 = 16.667Hz
Fan Speed = 1350CPM / 60 = 22.5Hz
Fan
– BPFI = 5.907
– Defect Frequency = (BPFI x 10) x Turning Speed (Hz)
– Defect Frequency = (5.907 x 10) x 22.5
– Defect Frequency = 1329.07Hz
Filters Available:
• 500 Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz,
2000Hz 5000Hz, 10000Hz, 20000Hz. (High
Pass)
• 20-150Hz, 50-300Hz, 100-600Hz, 500-1KHz. (Band Pass)
Peakvue Data
Spectrums and Waveforms
Diagnostics Techniques
Peakvue - Spectrum
Here is a typical Peakvue spectra plot.
PK = .05 5 6
LOAD = 1 00 .0
0 .4
RP M = 80 .
RP S = 1 .3 3
Acceleration in G-s
0 .3 PK(+) = .5 5 99
PK(-) = .03 97
CRE S TF= 1 4.2 5
0 .2
4. Acceleration
0
as default units
-0.1
0 3 6 9 12
Rev olution Num be r
3. Very Slow
RPM
6
Inner race -
5.5
Amplitude (g's)
Outer race - 5.0 5
Amplitude (g's)
4.4 4.5
Rolling elements -
Acceleration g's
Amplitude (g's) 4.1
4
3.9
3.7
3.3 3.3
2.9 3
2.7
2.6
2.4 2.5
2.2
1.9 2.0 1.9 2
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.2
0.9 1.0 1
0.9
0.7
0.5 0.5 0.6
0.4
0.2
0.2 0.3
0.1 0
10 35 75 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
RPM
Peakvue Vs
Demodulation
Peakvue Vs Demodulation
What is Demodulation?
– This is a technique which concentrates on stress wave analysis, but is
not as effective.
How Does it Work?
– Demodulation looks for the ringdown that follows an impact, and tries to
measure how quickly it fades. In order to do this the ‘Time Waveform’
has to be manipulated in such away that the waveform data becomes
useless
Less than 1ms Initial Impact
Ringdown
Peakvue Vs Demodulation
What are the Differences?
– Peakvue samples the data much quicker enabling it to catch the very
short duration high frequency stress wave. It then holds that ‘Peak
Value’ throughout its parameter.
– Due to the Analogue filtering system used by Demodulation, results in a
‘delay in response’ and the stress wave impact is missed
Enveloping Stage
RP M == 9997..
G-s
in G-s
0 .0 4
0 .0 08 0 .0 1
0 .0 3 Peakvue
0
PK
1 8-Dec -01
0 .0 2 1 4: 1 0: 26
0 .0 04
0 .0 1
Demodulation
1 8-Dec -01
1 4: 1 0: 26
0
0 50 1 00 1 50 2 00
0 50 Freque1nc00y in Hz 1 50 2 00
Freque nc y in Hz
Label: P ea kv
Dem ue 5 00
odulate d Hz
5 00High P as sP as s
Hz High
Peakvue Vs Demodulation
P v D - E xa mple 1
E x1 -R1 P Rolle r Be a ring Driv e End
P lot
S pa n
1 .0 Demodulation
1 8-Dec -01 1 4: 22
Waveform
Acceleration in G-s
Peakvue Waveform
-0.2
1 8-Dec -01 1 4: 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Rev olution Num be r
Acquiring Peakvue
Data
Setting up the 2120A
Creating a Peakvue AP Set
Setting up the 2120A
Peakvue can be accessed from the ‘Analysis Expert’ options found
among the command keys of the 2120A
There are two ways of acquiring peakvue data within the 2120A
– Bearing/Gear Analysis - Peakvue
• Preset to acquire Peakvue data based upon the AP set assigned to the
machine
– User Setup Option
• Allows user interface to define their own parameters
Setting up the 2120A
User Set-up Option
– Define the Fmax you wish to go to. Remember the Fmax is going to
define your filter setting.
• 0 - 30 KCPM = 500Hz High Pass
• 30 - 60 KCPM = 1000Hz High Pass
• 60 - 120 KCPM = 2000Hz High Pass
• 120v - 300 KCPM = 5000Hz High Pass
Lines of Resolution
– These have to be good enough to capture the FTF of a bearing, which
would equate to around 15 Revolutions of waveform data.
• Number of Revs = Number of lines / Fmax(Orders)
– E.g. 800 Lines over an Fmax of 60 Orders = 13.3 Revolutions (Inadequate)
– 1600 Lines over an Fmax of 60 Orders = 26.6 Revolutions (OK)
Setting up the 2120A
Averages
– This has to be set to 1 Average to gain the ‘true peak’ value.
• If you start averaging the data then a stress wave detected in the first average
that is not there in the second will lose it’s true amplitude when averaged
together.
Units
– The default unit for peakvue is ‘Acceleration’. Remember we are trying to
detect very high frequency events, well above conventional vibration data.
Acceleration accentuates high frequencies.
• Sensor units can be used if using an accelerometer, however CSI recommend
a minimum mounting of a ‘Rare Earth Magnet’ for data collection
By using the ‘Page Down’ Button we can toggle through the pages until
we find our Peakvue Options (Page 4 of 4)
– We turn Peakvue to ‘Yes’
– The Pre-filter can now be changed to our required HP Setting
Setting up the 2120
Data collection can now commence.
Check the data once collection has finished
– Look for:
• Impacts in both spectrum and waveform
• Amplitude levels of the Waveform
• quality of the data
– If a problem is detected you may want to acquire more data with a
different filter setting.
– Remember to store the data once the reading has been taken
M1 G3 G5 G7
M2
G9 G11
G1
G10 G12
G8
G4 G6
Introduction
The above gearbox had been overhauled in the workshop and
was on its final test run. A vibration signature was taken to
confirm a small knock believed to be coming from the coupling,
and prove the gearbox was OK.
M1
M2
G1
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G10
G9
G12
G11
PeakVue™ Data
The Peakvue reading shows distinct energy at 6.941 Hz and
multiple harmonics of this which is the running speed of the
third shaft. The bottom waveform shows clearly a substantial
impacting of up to 12 G’s occurring each revolution.
The fault
The diagram below indicates the location of the suspected gear fault
and was diagnosed as possibly a damaged tooth
Faulty Gear
M1 G3 G5 G7
M2
G9 G11
G1
G10 G12
G8
G4 G6