Distance vs

Displacement B
co - - - . .

Distance
Displacement 3m¥ ?
5m
A •- I
1.
length of any 1 Shortest distance -
-

C
.

I
•

path between between two

points .
4m
==zm
two
points clifftop 0
-

• •
.

p
°B
- . . .

(
.

Itm
•

✓
> -

B I -

A E -•
A I 5m

z.SI Unit : meth / m) 2.SI Unit : meter ( m ) F-

•

Vector
ground
3. Scalar 3 .
dlm 4m
+4

id
0A 4

sh
4. Never
negative . 4. It can be both -1 013 4+3=7 4+3=+7

Ra
It 7-5=+2
Always positive and -
can inc 0C 7+5=12

an
. .

and increase as well as dec OD 12+2=14 2-2=0

sh
.

OE 14+7=21 0-7=-7

Ka
Sign of displacement tells the OF 21+5--26 -7-5

by
=
-12m

position of the object w.int ics

the origin / reference point
ys
Ph

speed velocity
vs

speed Velocity
v=o
•
-
-
E

- -
E

Rate Rate
of change
AT
C

of change
1. 1 #
N

+v
-
LE

.
EL

• -

of of displacement
distance
C

- -
EX
M

÷
G
IN

I
U
SS
RS

try -1k
v
PU

clifftop
R
FO

⑧ - - - - - -
LA

y
v=%¥ ( ¥ ) ¥ ( ¥)
2. 2. ✓
ER

" "
-

=
N
RT

:
PA
C
R
U
YO

•
-

v1
3. SI Unit :
m/s 3.SI Unit :
m/s I
•
¥+v •

4. Scalar 4 Vector v1
. -

ground
"
sign of velocity tells the direction
"

of motion of the object .

 Graphs
Acceleration
1.
Displacement -
time
Graph
Rate
of change of velocity
•
.

slm
^

1¥
a time
a=v¥
• = or x-axis :

y-axis
:
displacement
SI Unit velocity
-2
0 :
Ms °
Vector gradient :
_

1- Is m=DY_ = =
✓
Dx Dt
Acceleration Area :
meaningless
A-
lzbh
-

v v

change in
velocity

id
gym

sh
=

lzltxsl

Ra
an
sh
v v

change of change of 2.
Velocity time
Graph

Ka
-

magnitude direction

by
Wii ^

x-axis time
ics
:

slow down turn about

y-axis velocity
° °
ys
:
Ph

•
speed up a
point
collide and acceleration
gradient
:
o
>

m=1¥=¥t=a
rebound Hs

#1 Displacement
Example Area :
E
E
AT
C

A-
tbh
N
LE

collides
EL

with
"

A ball Hms
of speed
C

a
EX
M

tgltxv )
G

10m51 with
IN

=
and rebounds a
U
SS
RS

speed from the floor

PU

of 8m51
R

.
FO
LA

Acceleration time
3.
Graph
ER

-
N
RT

If collision time is 0.1s calculate

am
PA
C
R

,
U

acceleration time
YO

✗ axis :
average
-

acceleration
y-axis :

a- -
V - U
'
^
'
+8ms "

rate
i t
gradient of change
.
:

*
,

8-1-101 m=Dy_=Da_
tis
of
a- -
acc
Ii
.

I
'

=
10m51 v
'

0.1 DK Dt
rebound
collide a- -
180ms -2 Area : change of velocity
A-
- alms
v
"
tbh
tzltxal
=

a-
v-u.lt
a ✗ 1- = v -
u
Example Displacement -

time
Graphs
A
travelling at 5ms
undergoes
"
car

non-uniform acceleration as shown in 1 .

ie

is at
the rest
graph .

" Object "

alms
Determine the
final ^
at the origin .

_:;
m=v=O
velocity of car
after " ° >

10s Hs
.

Area -_DV=
tbh ¥
00 i >
Dv
-121101141 lots
-

20ms
"
DV =
Zo
, "

E- object is at
as Dr 20 5 ahead /

id
= V -
u so =v -

f- 25mg
'
m=V=0 rest

sh
behind the

Ra
"

Types of Graphs origin .

an
,

Hs

sh
1. LINE GRAPHS ( CONSTANT/ UNIFORM Gradient) m=v=o

Ka
¥
by
7
ics
ys
✗
Ph

m= 0
^
% "

,
3. § cont Object is
moving
at constant
>
m=v=×
velocity away ,

m=N
from origin ?
E

* 0 >
E

"
AT
C

more Hs
N

more
LE

9=4
EL

vertical
gradient
C
EX
M
G
IN

iÉr
'

Gay
U
SS
RS

( GRADIENT)
PU

2. CURVE VARIABLE
R
FO
LA
ER
N

dew
RT

>
t
PA
C

"
R

"

§
"
U

"
YO

N 4.
in
" object is
moving
M
"
4h at constant

velocity towards
,

Ghq the
,
"

M= o > origin .

'
" Hs
% "
-
worst
deco "
, >

mi
ii.
 #I
5°
, "
Example
§ object is moving at
it
"
increasing velocity , Object is released
from rest and
falls
away from origin
"
to the
ground
"

mi . .

"
0 > "

Acceleration Air
Hs a)
Negligible
Miggy Resistance
slinlheishtl zero
gradient
if
U=O <
.
•

6- qt

mind
^ " -

"

§ object is
moving reference pointt
-

o '
0 tis

id
with
decreasing

sh
velocity away

Ra
,

"
b) Air Resistance exists
0 from the origin

an
¥1s
.

v=0
am

sh
:<
" "
v=inc
deceleration u=O .

Ka
<

¥ %v=
by
•
a- const
✓
dec ics
'

L
ys
V
qt
Ph

^ "
7.
§ object moving
is
reference pointt
-

o >
°
with tis
%k decreasing
towards
velocity
.

dec
,

Air Resistance
the Negligible
"
c)
origin
E

0 >
E
AT
C

Hs
N
LE

"
"
"
±
EL

"

deceleration tis
C
EX

"
M

mi
I 1 1 11 1 1 11 • >
G
IN

origin
☐

§ v.
U
SS
RS
PU
R

,
FO
LA
ER
N
RT
PA
C

8
R

^ "
U

E- Object
YO

is
moving
Msg at increasing Amv
% velocity ,
towards
"
the
origin
.

0
.

it
.

Its "
"
"
" acceleration
mi
¥
 Example #2 c) •

Energy loss during collision

( Inelastic collision )
u=°
object is released
from rest, .
No air resistance
hit the
falls ground
^
down ,
-

and
- -
u=0 ✓ =O
rebounds .
-
-

- -

v=O
-

max
height
-
-
-

-
n -

No air =
resistance t
-

a) •
-
Hi - -

-
-

. -
-
l
No =: speed :O
-

loss
-

energy upon
•

:
-

É
-
-

É
.

collision 1 Elastic collision)

.

j
-

g-
-

g - V

referenced
-

± origin
point
am lheight ) him
^
max
height reached
t new Max
height

id
H .
•
Hi

sh
-

of

Ra
Hz -

new Max
¥

an
it ¥ É Et ¥ height

sh
Hs
E
-

,
je

Ka
¥

by
0 1- Is
0
,
* ,>
ics
ys
° >
1st collision 2nd collision Hs
Ph

o
T T

1st 2nd
collision wiiiir
Elastic u=0
b) collision
^
No air resistance
E

=
E

Energy
AT
C

ist d) collision
during
- -

loss
N

•
LE

-
-

tis
EL

collision ( Inelastic collision )

-
-
C

o
EX
M

-
-

>
G

= air resistance
IN

No
-

.
U
SS
RS
PU
R

-
FO

-0
-
LA

-
-

T u ✓ =O
ER

¥ i
N
RT

referenced =
v -0
height
PA

É
C

max
Ee
-
-1
R
U

-
n

point
-
YO

th - -

-
- t

II
-
-

speed :O
-

:
-
-
.

- H -
t
i :i Iv
Yongin
" grad inc .
→
speed inc .

1st
2nd
-4m go collision ooh ¥1s

1-

grad Inc : .

-
H -
speed incinew :

<
mat
grad :O
height
speed :O
iii.
 -

e)
•

Energy loss during collision

Example # 4
( Inelastic collision )
No air resistance Oscillation
of simple pendulum
•

0
E-
y=0 i in it in i 1 1 11 1 i I
PÑ is / i /
51µm + extreme

{
-

¥ max
height
-

-
n -
< •
-

= - t -

-
-
t -

: speed :O
-

= mean mean
-
-
-
.
-
-
=
IV ÷ £
.

10M i - v ↳
+ o • • >

✗
: Hs
Nr " vertical or
fall graph
-

→
* =

1st Whiston
rise →
graph horizon • .

i.
•

→ +
•

2nd collision -
← → +
F- extreme
→

! OÑGIN extreme

id
it
-

10 1 ' ii 11 I 1 I 1 , , , , -51m

sh
+ 11 11 I 1 11 I 1 i ,

Ra
"
"

No air resistance

an
+ extreme = extreme

sh
-

Ka
by
lorigin )
0 •

Ot
>
1- Is ics
ys
Ph

grad :O
:O

speed

Example # 3
E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL

ball is launched
A
upwards from
C

a
EX
M
G

reaches and
cliff
IN

Max
height
U
SS
RS

falls
PU

back to the
ground
R
FO

.
LA
ER
N

height
RT

^
max
HM
PA
C
R

•
U
YO

it ⇐
Ii
origin
÷
• - - -

g-
(origin
0 • ,
-
'
;
tls
y launched
: uift E-
cross
•

v
hits
ground
-4m
 Velocity -
time
Graphs
"
Hms
"
vlms
"

✗ " " A object is

moving
is at rest
Object ⑤ at
increasing
:& acceleration .
"

µµ O→1mfs→3mfs→6mfs→l0mfs
M=a= O
0 ' ° '

tis tis
M=9= -

in
,
o

v v

-4ms "
-4ms "

Hms
" "
Hms
"

id
^ de " object is moving

sh
^
+v
② ⑥ at
✗
a' decreasing

Ra
> e,
m=a=0 g. "

Object is
moving acceleration .

an
at constant /uniform 0→5m1s→9m1s→l2m1s -714mA

sh
"

velocity

Ka
' O '
.

tis tis

by
m=a=O ics
vs
%%
ys
-
Ph

v
-
v
Aec
-4ms "
-4ms " .

Hms
"
Hms
"

art
" " "
"

Object is moving ⑦ object is

moving
E

"
E
AT
C

ma at constant at
decreasing
N

%
LE
EL

"
" "
acceleration deceleration
C
EX

=
M

dec
. - .
G
IN

.
U
SS
RS

' '
0
tis tis
PU

"
R

"¥
FO
LA

O→2m1s→4mfs→6mfs→8m|s 15mfs→lOm1s→6m1s→3mfs→tmfs
ER

a
N

4=9 g.
RT

-5 -4 -3 -2
PA
C
R

,
U
YO

"

v
Ghq V

-4ms "
-4ms "

Hms
"
Hms
"

t t "
"

④ Object is
moving ⑨
Object ismoving
"
" at constant m=g ,
with increasing
" " '
"
deceleration % deceleration
cozy
.
.
.

° ' '

tis tis

,µiÑ
"

,µ✗Ñ 10ms 8mfs→6mls→4mfs

→

15ms "
→
14m15 -112mi> →
9mL > →
5mA
µ m

V " V

-4mg ,
If V&a have
Opp .

signs , object -4ms -1

"
decelerates !
 #I resistance Collision time
Example c) No air
,

considered
,
Inelastic collision
hits the
Ball
falls from rest
, ground "

and rebounds Yms lstwllisim

yrogw.mn
.

I
10 -

"
8-
a) No air resistance ,
No collision time ÷
Elastic collision :

:
Hms
"
2nd
?twuisim
"
collision :

-10 0
• >
tis
-
±
=
-
-

I
-

* *
=
-

- max -6
height
- -

id
+
→

sh
-

I
tfeyovrd

Ra
,
0•
. •

B -4s ✓

an
-4ms-1
it ¥

sh
Ka
Example #2

by
-10 - • o

A ics launched from reaches

f
rebound f ball a
cliff
ys
Hms
" ,
and hits the
Ph

rebounds max
height ground .

( No air resistance )
Area B 4ms
"
Area A =

¥?
^

height fallen =

height rose

( rebound height ) ←
launched
E

8
E
AT
C
N

+
LE
EL

b) No resistance
air No collision time
÷
"
%
C
EX
M

,
G

Inelastic collision height

IN

: A Max
U
SS
RS
PU

:Io of
win it collision
www.ir
R
FO

'
LA

I tis
ER
N

,,
RT

1 :
PA
C

-8
R
U
YO

B
* see
new god
A Max
height C

% hits
>
tls → •

ground
-
•

•
"
B "
-4ms
jit
of height Area B- Area A
-8 =

rebound
-

g of cliff
V
"
rebound
alms
ist ^

DH = Area A- Area B ☒
B C

V V
Equations of Motion
Example #I
u=0

at A ball rest
1. v=u + is released
from it
and
falls 20m
before =
2.
s=(u+v)t 2
hits the
Assuming negligible
ground .

air
=

displ .
=
avg.vel.it resistance ,
determine .
-

20M -

lu¥1 time to hit

-

a)
ground =•
-

' 5m=
3. s ut +

lzat b) speed it hits ground

-
-

as

I
'
v2 time last 5m
4. -
u = 2 as a to
fall 9.81ms"
to
ground
a-

id
-

sh
conditions that must be
satisfied

Ra
d) above the
to
apply equations of motion
Velocity 5m

an
.

ground

sh
.

✓
Straight line linear motion

Ka
'
a) 5-
uttlzat
by
✓
Constant Uniform Acceleration
ics )t
'

20=0+121981
so 1- =
2.02s
ys
'
Ph

•
s= at + 1 at
-2
v2 n' I v=u+at
s=(u-¥ / t
v=u+at b) -
as

V2-0=219.817120 / I V= 0-11981712.02)
V= 19.8ms -1 I V= 19.8ms-1
E
E

s=(u+Yat|t s=(2u÷at)t
AT
C

,
N
LE
EL
C
EX
M
G

to
fall first
IN

4 time 15m
U
SS

. .
RS

s=2u÷+a¥
t.ut-lzats-ut-lzo.tt
PU
R
FO
LA

last 5m
ER

.
.
N

.
RT
PA
C
R

Jatt
v

15=0+1219.8115
U

t tt t,
YO

5- ' -

-12Gt
-

h
-

= 2.02-b75
( u=0 ) ( f- height ) t,= 1.75s 1- =
0.27s

( a- grau )
- .

ratio method
using
v2
'
• - u =L as
'

v=u+at
s=|u¥)t f- ut
Jat if then
+
u=o

v÷=t s=(u-¥)µ¥ )
'
wrist
5-
Jat as a.

5 = v2 -
U2 5 ✗ t2
-2A 20×712=(2.02/3)/5
v2 -
U2 =
Las 20m (2.02s)2
15m at x=t= 1.75s
v=ÑT2s Ñ=✓2gh
<

v42 as
( u=O ) ( u :O)
 9.81ms
l
d) 5- 15m a- -
-

U=O
1- =
1.75s
v= ??
=
V=u + at ✓ 2- u2=2as
v=
0+(9.81/11075) I V2 0=219.8111151
-

17.2ms -1 V 17.2ms -1
V=
E
=

Using ratio method . . .

v1 u2= 2 as
if u :O then

v2 = Zas

id
sh
v2 ✗ s

Ra
'

an
119.8 mfs ) 20m 19.82×15 ✓ ✗ 20 -_

sh
V2 17.2ms
"
15m V=

Ka
by
ics
Example # 2
ys
Ph

t -0
-

n
A ball falls from " "
rest

from
takes
height
"

T
"

seconds
L and
to hit L

the Assuming
ground air
E

.
E
AT
C

resistance
negligible
N
LE

,
EL

determine
C
EX
M

✓
G

t=T
IN
U
SS
RS

time
PU

in terms T when
a)
of
R
FO

, ,
LA

ball
midway
ER

was
N

.
RT
PA
C
R
U

distance in terms
fallen
YO

b) L
in
,
of ,

0.75T .

'

f- ut
'
sat
Jat
+
a) '
L -

(T)
'
sat x2
'
at
5=12
0.5L -

4×12=0.54×1-2
✓Ñ= /0.5T
'

b) S ✗ t -

✗ =
0.71T

1×10.751-1 !
' '
L T ✗ ✗ T
-
✗ ( 0.75T )
x 0.5625L
-
-
 C
YO
U
R
PA
LA
RT
N
ER
FO
R
SS
M PU
RS
U
IN
G
EX
C
AT
EL
E LE
N
C
E

Ph
ys
ics
by
Ka
sh
an
Ra
sh
id
 id
sh
Ra
an
sh
Ka
by
ics
ys
Ph
E
E
AT
C

=¥
N

✓
LE

d
EL

Vavg DI →
C
EX
M

>
600=1 ti d-
G

so -

tt
IN

-
U

t,
SS

600
RS

<
PU

d 4
R
FO
LA

2d
V=¥
ER

=
N
RT

titta
PA
C
R

tz=¥
U

400 d- so
YO

-_

2d ta
Varg
-_

6%0+400
d

Vaug -480kWh
"
2
Varg 2011 SO
Varg hence
- -

-
:

afoot 'TooH 1%0+4-001

 id
sh
Ra
an
sh
Ka
20m 80m

by
• >> µ > •

ics E- 4s E- 8s

0
ys
✗
Ph

duration
of acceleration removing journey
v=u + at v=d
-

10=0 -12.5T t

f- 4s
10=8+1
E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL

distance travelled yet t -8s

C

-
EX
M
G

v2 w=2as
IN
U

-
SS
RS

1105-0--212-515
PU

tt= 4+8
R
FO
LA

S 20m ti=
ER

=
12s
N
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO

" "

OVERTAKING

train
>
' Qms"
10951 Good 's train Express
'
-

= g = G =L 5=41--1 tzat
=
=
. G ✓
=
E -
: E E t f
OI I
Izatt
a- >>
10=54 SE -_

-0.5ms -2
a-
y
starting < >

SG SE
"

① -1-210-5 )t
-

point SE
sq=
-

lot
-

LEMHI distanfstafionse-0.IT -20

" '
lot __
0.25T
v=u+at 0.251-2-101--0 5=10 ✗ t
v. 0+0.51401 1-(0.251--10)=0 5- 400m
v. 20ms "
t=0 0.251--10=0
1- =
40s
 64 of 65
6
"
2 Fig. 2.1 shows an object M on a slope.
%3ms
3.6 m s–1
Q QI
M
P
2.46M 7 =6 -2.16

•
=
3.84m
R
3084m
<

Fig. 2.1

M moves up the slope, comes to rest at point Q and then moves back down the slope to point R.

id
M has a constant acceleration of 3.0 m s–2 down the slope at all times.

sh
At time t = 0, M is at point P and has a velocity of 3.6 m s–1 up the slope.

Ra
The total distance from P to Q and then to R is 6.0 m.

an
sh
(a) Calculate, for the motion of M from P to Q,

Ka
by
(i) the time taken,
v=u+at ics
ys
0--3.6+1-3 )t
Ph

1- =
1.2s

1.2
time = ....................................................... s [2]
E
E
AT
C
N
LE

(ii) the distance travelled.

EL
C
EX
M

V2 uL=2as
G
IN

-
U
SS
RS
PU

0-13.612=21-315
R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT

+130¥
PA
C

5- +
2.16
R
U

=
YO

2.2
distance = ...................................................... m [1]

(b) Show that the speed of M at R is 4.8 m s–1.

a- 0 ( at Q) ✓ 2- u2=2as
a- 3m52 V2 -
0=213/(3^84)
5=3.84 / QIJR ) ✓ =
408m51
V= ?

[2]
© UCLES 2015 9702/22/O/N/15
 65 of 65
7

(c) On Fig. 2.2, draw the variation with time t of the velocity v of M for the motion P to Q to R.

"""
"
"
6.0
p
4.0 •

v / m s–1
2.0

0
0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
t/s
–2.0

–4.0

id
4.8
-

sh
R
–6.0

Ra
an
Fig. 2.2

sh
[3]

Ka
(d) The mass of M is 450 g.

by
Calculate the difference in the kinetic energy of M at P and at R. ics
ys
Ph
E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN
U
SS
RS
PU

difference in kinetic energy = ....................................................... J [2]

R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO

© UCLES 2015 9702/22/O/N/15 [Turn over

 Projectile Motion Velocity Profile
Parabolic Vy Vy=O
^ >
✓×
•
V4 Vx
• track • >
Vx • >

, n
v
✓+ VY Vx
A Vx
-

• • >
• >

Vin il Ñ •
const
a- VY
VW
-

Vx Vx
ya -_g • > • >

0
• > VW •

↳ initial velocity in vertical

Vy
-

,
direction
uy=0
✓ No air resistance • >
V=vx
→ Fx =
0 →
ax
=
0
• >
V=Vx
( horizontal 01
( horizontal force :o)
ace -_

id
V = Vx
• >

sh
✓
Weight acts in the vertical

Ra
direction / downwards / ✓

• >
V=vx

an
.

sh
sgg

/ horizontal
"
F, Weight ay =

g horizontally

Ka
=

( vertical force
-
WI 1 vertical ace =
g) projected surface

by
-

Uy=0 / vertical =o )
As
force acts the ics velocity
only one on
ys
in projectile so resultant
Analyzing Projectile
Ph

body ,
Motion

force is
equal to weight of body
(
-

* ✓✗ = constant horizontal
velocity ) • 99 ,

horizontal
No
force
-

•
in H=w, >
,
E

" "
E

Sy
AT
C

/
N

s
LE

vet
velocity )
EL

vy= changes ( vertical

. ,

sx
C

* "" ,
EX
M

• • > >
G

as ball and increases

IN

decreases rises • > O l l l l l l l l l

U

•
SS
RS

un sa
it falls )
PU

as
R
FO
LA

Horizontal vertical
ER
N
RT

h?
✓
p2+b2
PA
C
R

^
¥
U

v2 Vx= Sse
'
v2
YO

• ' =
Vy + • •
✓ = U + at
1h = Y ✗
s
✓ t '

is -
• s -
-
ut +1 at
> I y y
-2
In ,O=¥
✓ Sino -
sin
É
-

o
; hh.ph
'
* + b • V2 -
U' =
Las
y y y
vx=vwsO Vy=vsinO s
'
:
Sy
'
+ Sir
(b)
resultant '
V' hi
tanO=I
✓ cost __V± ✓
by Vy
also +
digpl
=
= .

r
v t

vi. vcoso tanO=V± resultant

velocity
Vx
lspeed )
component with 0 is cos component
" "
,
" "
component opp to O.is sin component
 '

Energy of a
body in a
projectile at 5- ut -11 at
-2

D.
E=max=mgH
200=0+1219.8111-2
12mV,E
KE -
-
min -_ t =
6.39s

q
>
Vx =
VWSO
b) ✓ = u + at v2 Ñ=2as
"

q.gl/(G.zqyvY-0--
y y

§%^ ^
219.8111200)

|
✓
yy= O + (
"
Vy =
62 . 6m51 Vy =
62.6ms-1
5-
•
you VCOSO
V •

for resultant velocity ( speed)

P.E=O P -
E=Ñ 100m51
>

21mV h2=p4b2
'

12mV
KE K E- Max

id
Ty
-

-
Max -

-
-
= =

(626)4110012

sh
I v2 -
-

Ra
I -

v
j :

an
118ms -1
Example v -

e-
-

sh
✓

Ka
A bomber
plane travelling horizontally

by
at 100ms
drops a package from 4 V×=I×
'

ics
height of 200m above the t
ys
a
Ph

ground .

100 Sx s×= 639m

Assuming negligible resistance
air .
= so

determine g. zg

a) time to hit the

ground d)
for resultant
displacement
E

,
E

the hits
package the
pythagoras theorem
AT
C

b) speed as
apply
N
LE

.
EL

ground
C
EX
M

'
G

'
Horizontal distance travelled h =p -15
IN

c)
U
SS
RS
PU

hits
before package ground '
R

(20012+1639)
.
FO

n'
displacement
LA

Resultant the
of
=
d)
ER
N
RT

package from start till end

PA
C

.
R

h= resultant
U

670m
YO

display
100ps •
-1

It
§

u
Ig
639m •
100ms
>
-1

Vy V

v
 60 of 65
6

2 A ball is thrown from A to B as shown in Fig. 2.1.

'
^
V
5. 9ms
60° 3.4ms - i

>
A B

Fig. 2.1

id
The ball is thrown with an initial velocity V at 60° to the horizontal.

sh
The variation with time t of the vertical component Vv of the velocity of the ball from t = 0 to

Ra
t = 0.60 s is shown in Fig. 2.2.

an
sh
6.0

Ka
by
Vv
bh
A
:{ ics
(0.6/15.9) 4.0
ys

÷÷""÷
Ph

*
2.0
E
E

velocity / m s–1
AT
C
N
LE
EL

0
C
EX
M

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

G
IN
U
SS
RS

t/s
PU
R
FO
LA
ER
N

–2.0
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO

–4.0

–6.0

Fig. 2.2

© UCLES 2014 9702/22/O/N/14

 61 of 65
7

Assume air resistance is negligible.

(a) (i) Complete Fig. 2.2 for the time until the ball reaches B. [2]

(ii) Calculate the maximum height reached by the ball.

A
:{ bh
(0.6/15.9) "

=
1.77=18
height = .......................................................m [2]

id
sh
(iii) Calculate the horizontal component Vh of the velocity of the ball at time t = 0.

Ra
tan 0=1

an
Vn= 3.40ms "

sh
^
"
✓
7 b
509

Ka
tan 60=5.9
" ,

g.am

by
vi. 160° :
VT
ics
Vn Vh=§¥ 3.4
Vh = ................................................. m s−1 [2]
ys
.
Ph

(iv) On Fig. 2.2, sketch the variation with t of Vh. Label this sketch Vh. [1]

(b) The ball has mass 0.65 kg.

Calculate, for the ball,
E

(i) the maximum kinetic energy,

E
AT
C
N
LE
EL

h2=p2+b2 Ex
12mi
C
EX
M

=
G
IN

=/ 5.912+13.412
U
SS
RS
PU

)/ 6. 8)
1-210.65
R
FO

=
LA

'
V =
6.8ms
-
ER
N
RT
PA
C
R

Ek 15.03
U
YO

__

15
maximum kinetic energy = ........................................................J [3]

(ii) the maximum potential energy above the ground.

Ep=mgH
=/ 0-65119.81/(1.7-7)

Ep =
11.28J I 11J

maximum potential energy = ........................................................J [2]

© UCLES 2014 9702/22/O/N/14 [Turn over
 43 of 65
6

4 A student takes measurements to determine a value for the acceleration of free fall. Some of For
the apparatus used is illustrated in Fig. 4.1. Examiner’s
Use

electromagnet

iron
ball
d

diameter

id
bench

sh
Ra
Fig. 4.1

an
sh
The student measures the vertical distance d between the base of the electromagnet and

Ka
the bench. The time t for an iron ball to fall from the electromagnet to the bench is also
measured.

by
Corresponding values of t 2 and d are shown in Fig. 4.2.
ics
ys
60
Ph

50
M=O•5-0o3_
( 0.105,50 ) 0.105-0006
E
E
AT
C

d /cm
N
LE

-
EL

-4.444
C

m
-
EX
M

40
G
IN
U
SS
RS

m=Ea
PU
R
FO
LA
ER
N

4.444 1-
RT

__ a
PA
C

30
R

2
U

←
YO

( 0006,30 ) a--8.89

20
8.9M
10

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14
t 2 / s2

Fig. 4.2

© UCLES 2010 9702/23/O/N/10

 44 of 65
7

(a) On Fig. 4.2, draw the line of best fit for the points. [1] For
Examiner’s
(b) State and explain why there is a non-zero intercept on the graph of Fig. 4.2. Use

The diameter ball because

y intercept shows the of
..........................................................................................................................................
-

the distance d includes that dia and iron

..........................................................................................................................................
ball travels than that
....................................................................................................................................
. [2]

(c) Determine the student’s value for

it
(i) the diameter of the ball,

1.5
diameter = ........................................ cm [1]

id
sh
Ra
(ii) the acceleration of free fall.
HM
v

an
}dia '

s=ut
tzat
v

sh
+

Ka
if u -0 so
-

by
'

ics
s=
Eat Eli
0
>
ys
,
T qt
Ph

Y = MX + c

grad Ya
-
-

acceleration = ..................................... m s–2 [3]

E
E
AT
C
N
LE
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN
U
SS
RS
PU
R
FO
LA
ER
N
RT
PA
C
R
U
YO

© UCLES 2010 9702/23/O/N/10 [Turn over

 25 of 65
6

2 A stone is thrown vertically upwards. The variation with time t of the displacement s of the stone is
shown in Fig. 2.1.
'

rest •
5- ut +
Eat

.☐?⃝
s
52--0+1-219.811110755
41 52--15 .
02m
,

1.25s
iris 2.5s
dist -

from
was ,
0 it µ
'
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 5- ut
t /s
+
fat

id
sh
4=0+1219.811/1.255

Ra
ii. r

an
s, 7.66m

sh
-_

Ka
v0
di -7.66+15.02

by
• -

ics d. + =
22.68
Fig. 2.1
ys
dt= 23m
Ph

(a) Use Fig. 2.1 to describe, without calculation, the speed of the stone from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s.
From t :O Till f- 1.25s , speed decreases to zero From
...................................................................................................................................................
.

E. 1. 25s in
to t -3.0s speed increases from opposite
-

zero
...................................................................................................................................................
E

,
E
AT
C
N

direction
LE

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN

(b) Assume air resistance is negligible and therefore the stone has constant acceleration.
U
SS
RS
PU

-
R
FO

Calculate, for the stone,

LA
ER
N
RT
PA
C

(i) the speed at 3.0 s,

R
U
YO

u=0 v= ?
a- -
9. 81m52 1- =3 -1.25

1- =
1.75s

V=u + at

✓ = 0+(9.81/11.75)
V= 17.167 17.2
speed = ............................................... m s−1 [3]

© UCLES 2015 9702/22/M/J/15

 26 of 65
7

(ii) the distance travelled from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s,

1025s
dist from di -7.66+15.02
' •

g- ut +
tzat
-

to 2.5s
At -

22.68

52--0+1219.811110755
-

'

5-
utttzat dt= 23m

Sz= 15.02m 4=0+1219.811/1.255

5, __
7.66m

distance = ..................................................... m [3]

id
(iii) the displacement from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s.

sh
Ra
15.02-7.66
displ

an
=

sh
7.36m

Ka
=

by
ics 7.36
displacement = ........................................................... m
ys
Ph

downwards
direction ...............................................................
[2]

(c) On Fig. 2.2, draw the variation with time t of the velocity v of the stone from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s.
E
E
AT
C
N

20
-
LE
EL
C
EX
M
G
IN
U
SS
RS

v / m s–1
PU

→
R
FO

10
LA

-
ER

grad const -9.81ms -2

N

-_ =
RT
PA
C
R
U

2nd
YO

0 •

0 1.0 2.0 3.0

t /s

-10
3rd)^
-

1st
•

20
-

Fig. 2.2
[3]
© UCLES 2015 9702/22/M/J/15 [Turn over
 C
YO
U
R
PA
LA
RT
N
ER
FO
R
SS
M PU
RS
U
IN
G
EX
C
AT
EL
E LE
N
C
E

Ph
ys
ics
by
Ka
sh
an
Ra
sh
id