RIZAL

PREPARED BY: SAHARA NEBAB

REPUBLIC ACT 1425 “RIZAL LAW” SPANISH PERIOD (1956-1898)

Spanish colonialism in the Philippines

An act to include in the curricula of all public and
• 1565 – 1600
private schools, colleges and universities course
• 1600 – 1700 Efficient colonial governance
on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal.
• 1700 – 1800
Approved : June 12, 1956
• 1800 – 1898 – decline & weakening of Spanish
Implemented : 1994
colonial power.

BIOGRAPHERS AND BIOGRAPHIES OF
RIZAL
Austin Coates (British) – Story of Rizal : The
Great man of the Brown Race (1909)
Austin Craig (American) – Lineage, Life and
Labors of Rizal (1913)
Carlos Quirino (Filipino)– The Great Malayan
(1940)
Camilo Osias (Filipino) – Jose Rizal, Life and
Times (1949)
Rafael Palma (Filipino) – The Pride of the Malay
Race (trans.1949)
Leon Ma. Guerrero (Filipino) – The First Filipino
(1963)
Austin Coates – Rizal (1969)
Gregorio Zaide (Filipino)– Jose Rizal (1970)
Jose Rizal – June 19, 1861 – December 30,1896
PHILIPPINES: JOSE RIZAL’S TIME
(19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES)
SOCIAL CLASS
PENINSULARES – Spaniards born in Spain (or
Mexico) and resided in the colony.
INSULARES – Spaniards born in the colony.
PRINCIPALIA – privileged class composed of
indigenousinhabitants that used to be pre-
colonial ruling class (former datus and
maharlikas)
INDIOS – native or indigenous population

A HERO IS BORN
RIZAL AS A NATIONAL HERO
Informal declaration DR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL ALONZO Y
Recognition of Rizal as a hero by: REALONDA
• 1892 – Andres Bonifacio
Doctor - completed his medical course in Spain
• 1897 – Emilio Aguinaldo –declared December 30
and was conferred the degree ofLicentiate in
as Rizal Day
Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid

Formal declaration (1901)

Jose - was chosen by his mother who was a
The Americans saw the necessity of a national
devotee of the Christian saintSan Jose (St. Joseph)
hero for the new Philippine Republic
Protacio - from Gervacio P.which come from a
Their choices for a national hero were: Christian calendar
1. Jose Rizal
2. Andres Bonifacio Mercado - adopted in1731 by DomigoLamco (the
3. Emilio Aguinaldo paternal great-great-grandfather of Jose Rizal)
4. Apolinario Mabini which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in
English
Rizal - from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means
RIZAL’S SIBLINGS
afield where wheat, cut while stillgreen, sprouts
again
1. Saturnina (1850-1913)
Alonzo - old surname of his mother 2. Paciano (1851-1930)

3. Narcisa (1852-1939)
Y - and
4. Olimpia (1855-1887)
Realonda - it was used by Doña Teodora from 5. Lucia (1857-1919)
thesurname of her godmotherbased on the culture
6. Maria (1859-1945)
by that time
7. Jose (1861-1896)
BIRTH OF PEPE
8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
June 19, 1861 - Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna
9. Josefa (1865-1945)
Province.
“His mother almost died because of his big head” 10. Trinidad (1868-1951)

11. Soledad (1870- 1929) (Debatable)

June 19, 1861 - moonlit of Wednesday between
eleven and midnight Jose Rizal was born in the FATHER’S SIDE
lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna

June 22, 1861 - aged three days old, Rizal was

baptized in the Catholic church

Father Rufino Collantes - a Batangueño, the parish

priest who baptized Rizal

Father Pedro Casanas - Rizal’s godfather, native of

Calamba and close friend of the Rizal family

RIZAL’S PARENTS

Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)

born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818

studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of MOTHER’S SIDE
San Jose in Manila
died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of
80
-
Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)

born in Manila on November 8, 1826

educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-
known college for girls in the city
died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of
85

MERCADO TO RIZAL

Original surname was MERCADO (market)

1849 – Gov. Gen. NarcisoClaveria mandated that
all inhabitants of the colony was to adopt a
surname.
But the new surname “Rizal” was used after 1872.
 In 1848, Rizal’s parents, Francisco (born in
Binan) and Teodora (born in Sta Cruz Manila),
moved from Binan to settle in Calamba.
The house they built was of spanish
architectural style of that time and was one of
the first stone and hardwood houses in
Calamba.
In June 19, 1861, Rizal was born inside that
house.
RIZAL’S CHILDHOOD
CHILDHOOD MEMORIES
Rizal’s dog named “Usman”
He would frequently the place with his “Aya” yaya
One day when they were playing, his sisters teased
him because he was always playing alone and
making some clay sculptures.
He responded : “Laugh at me now but there will be
a day in which people will build monuments of me”
CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA
Calamba was named after a big native jar
Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged
to the Dominican Order, which also owned all
the lands around it
Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My
Town)- a poem about Rizal’s beloved town
written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years
old and was student in the Ateneo de Manila
The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his
happy days in the family garden when he was
three years old
RIZAL’S FIRST SORROW
Another childhood memory was the daily
Angelus prayer. By nightfall, Rizal related, his
mother gathered
all the children at the house to pray the
Angelus
The death of little Concha brought Rizal his
first sorrow
At the age of three, Rizal began to take a part in
the family prayers
When Rizal was five years old, he was able to
read haltingly the Spanish family bible
ABILITIES OF YOUNG RIZAL
Artist – sketches, sculpture
Writer - At the age of 8
First poem - “Sa Aking Mga Kabata?”
First drama (performed play) – Tagalog
comedy
Knows some form of magic tricks
Read : Chapters 1 and 2 “Story of the Moth”
THE RIZAL HOME
It was one of the distinguished stone houses in
Calamba during the Spanish times
It was a two-storey building, rectangular in
shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods
and roofed with red tiles
By day, it hummed with the noises of children
at play and the songs of the birds in the
garden; by night, it echoed with the dulcet
notes of family prayers
The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a
town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines
The Rizal family had a simple, contented and
happy life
INFLUENCES ON THE HERO’S
BOYHOOD
Tio Jose Alberto- He studied for eleven years in a
British school in Calcutta , India. He influenced
Rizal’s artistic ability
Tio Manuel- a husky and athletic man. He
influenced Rizal’s physical build up through horse
riding, walking and wresting
Tio Gregorio- a book lover and made Rizal a lover
of books.
THE STORY OF THE MOTH
My attention increased from the first sentence. I
looked toward the light and fixed my gaze on the
moths which were circling around it. The story
could not have been better timed. My mother
repeated the warning of the old moth. She dwelt
upon it and directed it to me. I heard her, but it is a
curious thing that the light seemed to me each
time more beautiful, the flame more attractive.
I really envied the fortune of the insects. They
frolicked so joyously in its enchanting splendor
that the ones which had fallen and been drowned
in the oil did not cause me any dread.
My mother kept on reading and I listened
breathlessly. The fate of the two insects interested
me greatly. The flame rolled its golden tongue to
one side and a moth which this movement had
singed fell into the oil, fluttered for a time and
then became quiet. That became for me a great
event. A curious change came over me which I
have always noticed in myself whenever anything
has stirred my feelings. The flame and the moth
seemed to go further away and my mother's words
sounded strange and uncanny. I did not notice
when she ended the fable. All my attention was
fixed on the face of the insect. I watched it with my
whole soul... It had died a martyr to its illusions.
As she put me to bed, my mother said: "See that
you do not behave like the young moth. Don't be
disobedient, or you may get burnt as it did." I do
not know whether I answered or not... The story
revealed to me things until then unknown. Moths
no longer were, for me, insignificant insects. Moths
talked; they know how to warn. They advised just
like my mother. The light seemed to me more
beautiful. It had grown more dazzling and more
attractive. I knew why the moths circled the flame.
EDUCATION OF JOSE RIZAL
EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD
1596 – schools built
colegio or escuela – regardless of level
Schools in Intramuros (Manila)
Colegio de San Jose (1601)
Colegio de Manila (1595) Jesuits
Ateneo Municipal (1859)
Colegio de San Juan de Letran (1620)
Dominicans
Universidad de Santo Tomas (1611)
Colegio de la Imaculada Concepcion de la
Concordia
Catholic institution founded in 1868, for girls
EDUCATION DURING RIZAL’S TIME
THOSE WHO CAN EARN DEGREES
males
Spanish – peninsulares, insulares, mestizo
principalia – privileged indio
EDUCATION OF JOSE RIZAL
PRIMARY EDUCATION (1870-1871)
at home, Calamba – mother, hired tutors
Learned 4rs – reading, writing, rithmetic, rel
Biñan – Maestro Justiniano Cruz
The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was
remarkable woman of good character and fine
culture —her mother
Maestro Celestino - Rizal’sfirst private tutor
Maestro Lucas Padua - Rizal’ssecond tutor
Leon Monroy - a former classmate of Rizal’s father
became Rizal’s tutor that instructed Jose
inSpanish and Latin. He died five months later
Sunday afternoon in June, 1869 - Rizal left
Calamba for Biñan accompanied by Paciano
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz - Rizal’s teacher
in a private school in Biñan- He was thin, long-
necked, with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent
orward
1ST SCHOOL BRAWL
Pedro- the teacher’s son which Rizal challenged to
a fight
Andres Salandanan- challenged Rizal to an arm-
wrestling match.
GOMBURZA MARTYRDOM
Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto
Zamora - were executed at sunrise of February 17,
1872, by order of Governor General Izquierdo
The martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za in 1872 truly
inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny
and redeem his oppressed people
Rizal dedicated his second novel, El Filibusterismo,
to Gom-Bur-Za
IN JUSTICE TO HERO’S MOTHER
Before June, 1872- Doña Teodora was suddenly
arrested on a malicious charge that she and her
brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s
perfidious wife
Antonio Vivencio del Rosario - Calamba’s
gobernadorcillo, help arrest Doña Teodora
After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic
Spanish lieutenant forced her to walk from
Calamba to Santa Cruz (capital of Laguna
province), a distance of 50 kilometers
Doña Teodora was incarcerated at the
provincial prison, where she languished for two
years and a half
SECONDARY EDUCATION (1872 - 1877)
First choice: Colegio de San Juan de Letran
(Dominicans)
Ateneo Municipal - Jesuits took over in 1872
Registered as “Jose Rizal”
degree received: Batsiller en Artes(high school
diploma)
SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DE
MANILA (1872-1877)
Ateneo Municipal - a college under the supervision
of the Spanish Jesuits
Escuela Pia (Charity School) - formerly name of
Ateneo, a school for poor boys in Manila which
wasestablished by the city government in 1817
Escuela Pia ---- Ateneo Municipal --- Ateneo de
Manila
Father Magin Ferrando - was thecollege registrar,
refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two reasons:
(1) he was late for registration (2) he was sickly
and undersized for his age
Manuel Xerez Burgos - because of his intercession,
nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly
admitted at the Ateneo
Jose was the first of his family to adopt the
surname “Rizal”. He registered under this name at
Ateneo because their family name “Mercado” had
come under the suspicion of the Spanish
authorities
JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
It trained the character of the student by rigid
discipline and religious instructions -Students
were divided into two groups:
Roman Empire - consisting of internos
(boarders); red banner
Carthaginian Empire - composed of the
externos (non-boarders); blue banner
Emperor- the best student in each “empire”
The Ateneo students in Rizal’s time wore a
uniform which consisted of “hemp-fabric
trousers” and “striped cotton coat” The coat
material was called rayadillo
RIZAL IN THE ATENEO
FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872-1873)
Father Jose Bech- Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo
whom he described as a “tall thin man, with a body
slightly bent forward, a harried walk, an ascetic
face, severe and inspired, small deep-sunken eyes,
a sharp nose that was almost Greek, and thin lips
forming an arc whose ends fell toward the chin
A Religious picture - Rizal’s first being the
brightest pupil in the whole class
SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO (1873-1874)
At the end of the school year, Rizal received
excellent grades in all subjects and a gold
medal
The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas -
the first favorite novel of Rizal which made a deep
impression on him
Universal History by Cesar Cantu - Rizal
persuaded his father to buy him this set of
historical work that was a great aid in his studies
Dr. Feodor Jagor- a German scientist-traveler who
visited the Philippines in 1859-1860 who wrote:
Travels in the Philippines
Rizal was impressed in this book because of (1)
Jagor’s keen observations of the defects of
Spanish colonization (2) his prophecy that
someday Spain would lose the Philippines and
that America would come to succeed her as
colonizer
THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO (1874-1875)
Rizal grades remained excellent in all subjects
but he won only one medal—in Latin
At the end of the school year (March 1875),
Rizal returned to Calamba for the summer
vacation. He himself was not impressed by his
scholastic work
LAST YEAR IN ATENEO (1876 - 1877)
Rizal’s studies continued to fare well. As a
matter-of-fact, he excelled in all subjects. The
most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was truly
“the pride of the Jesuits”
March 23, 1877- Commencement Day, Rizal,
who was 16 years old, received from his Alma
Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the degree of
Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors-
Sobresaliente – among 10 others
Rizal cultivated his literary talent under the
guidance of Father Sanchez
Rizal carved an image of the Virgin Mary on a piece
of batikuling (Philippine hardwood) with his
pocket-knife
Father Lleonart - impressed by Rizal’s sculptural
talent, requested him to carve for him animage
ofSacred Heart of Jesus
1ST ROMANCE
Segunda Katigbak - was his puppy love.
Unfortunately, his first love was engaged to be
married to a town mate- Manuel Luz. After his
admiration for a short girl in the person of
Segunda.
Ateneo Municipal offered 2 programs
5-year estudio generales – bachelor of arts
degree
Vocational courses – leading to diploma as
master surveyor, master trade or master
chemist.
ONLY AVAILABLE PROFESSIONAL DEGREE
COURSES (in the Phil.)
Theology - priesthood
Pharmacy - pharmacist
Medicine - doctor
Philosophy and letters - lawyer
Only UST offered degree courses in the
Philippines during the time of Rizal
Rizal, in 1878, was enrolled at the same time
in Ateneo Municipal and UST.
MEDICAL STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY
OF SANTO TOMAS (1877-1882)
After finishing the first year of a course in
Philosophy and Letters (1877 - 1878), Rizal
transferred to the medical course - “Don’t send
him to Manila again; he knows enough. If he
gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut off
hishead.”- Doña Teodora, vigorously opposed
the idea that Rizal pursue higher learning in the
university.
HIGHER EDUCATION
UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTO TOMAS (1877 – 1882)
Philosophy and Letters (1877-1878)
1877, he enrolled in Philosophy & Letters
father’s choice
not certain what course to take
Medicine (1878-1882)
1878, Rizal enrolled in Medicine:
Mother’s failing eyesight – 1878, developed
cataract
Recommendation of the Father Rector of
Ateneo that he should take Medicine
Courses not finished
RIZAL IN UST
During Rizal’s first school term in the University of
Santo Tomas (1877-1878), Rizal also studied in
Ateneo. He took the vocational course leading to the
title of peritoagrimensor (expert surveyor)
Rizal excelled in all subjects in the surveying course
in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals in agriculture and
topography
November 25, 1881 - the title was issued to Rizal for
passing the final examination in the surveying
course
Liceo Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum)
of Manila - a society of literary men and artists,held
a literary contest in the year 1879
A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth) - Rizal,
who was then 18 years old, submitted this poem.
It is an inspiring poem of flawless form. Rizal beseeched
the Filipino youth to rise from lethargy, to let genius fly
swifter than the wind and descend with art and science
to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of
the people
The Board of Judges, composed of Spaniards, was
impressed by Rizal’s poem and gave it the first prize
which consisted of a silver pen, feather-shaped and
decorated with a gold ribbon
El Consejo de los Dioses (The Councils of the Gods)
- an allegorical drama written by Rizal which he
entered in the literary contest of Artistic-Literary
Lyceum in 1880.
VICTIM OF SPANISH BRUTALITY IN U.S.T
The Freshmen Rizal was walking one day in the
Summer of 1878 and dimly perceived a man passed
by him.
It turned out that the man was a liutenant of the
Guardia Civil and he forgot to greet him a polite
“Good Evening”
He turned upon Rizal whipped his sword and
brutally slashed the latter on the back.
Rizal reported the incident to Gov Gen Primo de
Rivera but nothing happened because the
Lieutenant was a Spaniard.
 ROMANCE IN UST
Miss L – Rizal wrote some letters to a certain Miss
L yet her indentity was never revealed. Their
romance ended because Segunda’s memory was
still fresh in his heart and his family did not like the
family of Miss L
Leonor Rivera - was the daugther of his Landlord
uncle Antonio Rivera. She studied in La Concordia
College and love between her and Rizal sprang.
UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID – EST .1293
(1882 – 1885)
Took the following courses
Medicine (1882 – 1884)
Philosophy of Arts and Letters (1882-1885)
Degrees finished :
Licentiate in Medicine
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
Continued to study for 1 year for Doctor of
Medicine but no diploma awarded – no fee paid
nor thesis presented
UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
Rizal found the atmosphere at the University of
Santo Tomas suffocating to his sensitive spirit.
He was unhappy at this
Dominican institution of higher learning
because (1) the Dominican professors were
hostile to him (2) the Filipino students were
racially discriminated against by the
Spaniards (3) the method of instruction was
obsolete and repressive
JOSE RIZAL AS A STUDENT
Finished 2 course degrees – licentiate.
Licensed lawyer and doctor.
Also took classes to improve his skills –
painting, sculpting, fencing.
Trained, assisted and worked with the best
European ophthalmologists of his time
IN A SUNNY SPAIN
After finishing the 4th year of medical course in
UST, Rizal decided to study abroad because he
could no longer endure the discrimination and
backward education of the Dominicans.
At that time, Spain was a constitutional
monarchy which granted Human rights and
freedom of speech
SECRET DEPARTURE FOR SPAIN
It was the first time Rizal did not seek the
approval of his parents for he knew especially
his mother would disapprove it.
Leonor Rivera was also not informed for Rizal
knew that she could not keep a secret.
PERSONS WHO KNOWS RIZAL’S DEPARTURE
1. Paciano, Saturnina, Lucia
2. Antonio Rivera
3. Jesuit Fathers
4. Close Friends
To avoid detection from Spanish authorities, he
used the name Jose Mercado. This name is
from a cousin from Binan.
Before his secret departure, he gave farewell
letter to both his parents and for his
sweetheart Leonor.
MAY 3, 1882 – Rizal left Manila, aboard the ship
Salvadora bound for Singapore.
RIZAL’S SECRET MISSION
Approved by Paciano, Rizal was to observe
keenly the life and culture, languages and
customs, industries and customs, industries
and commerce, governments and laws of
European countries.
This will prepare him for the task of liberating
his people from Spanish tyranny.
SINGAPORE
Donato Lecha- the ship captain from Asturias,
Spain befriended Rizal (4)
Rizal described him as an affable man, “much
more refined than his other countrymen and
colleagues that I have met.”
Rizal played chess with his fellow passengers who
were much older than he
May 8, 1882 - while the steamer was approaching
Singapore, Rizal saw a beautiful island, fascinated
byits scenic beauty, he remembered “Talim Island
with the Susong Dalaga”
May 9, 1882 - the Salvadora docked at Singapore
Hotel de la Paz - Rizal registered here and spent
two dayson a sightseeing soiree of the city, which
was a colony of England
 FOR SINGAPORE TO COLOMBO
In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship
Djemnah, a French steamer, which left Singapore
for Europe on May 11, 1882
May 17, 1882 - Djemnah reached Point Galle, a
seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)
Rizal wrote on his travel diary: “The general
appearance of Point Galle is picturesque but
lonely andquiet and at the same time sad”
Colombo - capital of Ceylon
Rizal was enamoured by Colombo because of its
scenic beauty and elegant buildings - “Colombo is
more beautiful, smart and elegant than Singapore,
Point Galle and Manila”
FROM COLOMBO TO SUEZ CANAL
For the first time, Rizal sighted the barren coast of
Africa, which he called an “inhospitable land but
famous”
Aden - city hotter than Manila
Rizal was amused to see the camels, for the first
time
City of Suez - the Red Sea terminal of the Suez
Canal
Rizal was impressed in the beautiful moonlight
which reminded him of Calamba and his family
Suez Canal - canal which built by Ferdinand de
Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) which was
inaugurated on November 17, 1869
Port Said- theMediterranean terminal of the Suez
Canal
NAPLES AND MARSEILLES
June 11, 1882 - Rizal reached Naples
Rizal was pleased on this Italian city because of
its business activity, its lively people, and its
panoramic beauty (8)
Night of June 12, 1882 - the steamer docked at the
French harbor of Marseilles
Rizal visited the famous Chateau d’If, where
Dantes, hero of the Count of Monte Cristo, was
imprisoned
Rizal stayed two and a half days in Marseilles
BARCELONA
Afternoon of May 15, 1882 - Rizal left Marseilles by
train for the last lap of his trip to Spain
June 16, 1882 - Rizal finally reached his destination
—Barcelona
Rizal’s first impression of Barcelona Spain’s
second largest city, was unfavorable
Amor Patrio (Love of Country) - nationalistic
essay, Rizal’s first article written on Spain’s soil
Under his pen-name Laong Laan, appeared in print
in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882
Diariong Tagalog - The first Manila bilingual
newspaper (Spanish and Tagalog)
Los Viajes (Travels) - Rizal’s second article for
Diariong Tagalog
Revista de Madrid (Review of Madrid) - Rizal’s
third article written inMadrid on November 29,
1882 but returned to him because the Diariong
Tagalog had ceased publication for lack of
funds
BAD NEWS FROM HOME
Rizal received sad news about the cholera that
was ravaging Manila and the provinces
according to Paciano’s letter, dated September
15, 1882
Another sad news from the Philippines was the
chatty letter of Chengoy recounting the
unhappiness of Leonor Rivera
In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882),
Paciano advised his younger brother to finish
the medical course in Madrid
Rizal left Barcelona in the fall of 1882 and
established himself in Madrid, the capital of
Spain
LIFE IN MADRID (1882)
November 3, 1882 - Rizal enrolled in the
Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University
of Madrid) in two courses — Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters
On Saturday evenings, Rizal visited the home of
Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey who lived with his son
(Rafael) and daughter (Consuelo). Rizal wrote a
poem for Consuelo A La Senorita. However,
this did not push through because he was still
engaged with Leonor and a fellow
propagandista Eduardo de Lete was madly
inlove with Consuelo
Rizal’s only extravagance was investing a few
pesetas for a lottery ticket in every draw of the
Madrid Lottery
Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine
Circle) - a society of Spaniards and Filipinos which
Rizal joined shortly after his arrival in Madrid in
1882.
 Me Piden Versos (They Ask Me For Verses) -
upon the request of the members of this
society, Rizal wrote this poem which he
personally declaimed during the New Year’s
Eve reception of the Madrid Filipinos held in
the evening of December 31, 1882
In this sad poem, Rizal poured out the cry of his
agonizing heart.
Rizal economized on his living expenses, and
with the money he saved, he purchased books
from a second-hand book store owned by a
certain Señor Roses.
Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin and
Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Jew - these two
books aroused Rizal’s sympathy for the
oppressed and unfortunate people
FIRST VISIT TO PARIS
(JUNE 17 TO AUGUST 20, 1883)
During his first summer vacation in Madrid,
Rizal went to Paris, gay capital of France.
The prices of food, drinks, theatre, tickets,
laundry, hotel accommodations, and
transportation were too high for Rizal’s slender
purse so that he commented in a letter to his
family: “Paris is the costliest capital in
Europe.”
Hotel de Paris - located on 37 Rue de
Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, he
moved to a cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de
Rennes in the Latin Quarter.
Rizal was impressed by the way the Spanish
Mason openly and freely criticized the
government policies and lambasted the friars,
which could not be done in Philippines
March 1883 - Rizal joined the Masonic lodge
called Acacia in Madrid.
Rizal’s reason for becoming a mason was to
secure Freemansory’s aid in his fight against
the friars in the Philippines
Science, Virtue and Labor - Rizal’s only
Masonic writing; a lecture which he delivered in
1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, Madrid
BACK TO MADRID
After Rizal’s departure for Spain, things turned
from bad to worse in Calamba: (1) harvests of rice
and sugarcane failed on account of drought and
locusts (2) the manager of the Dominican-owned
hacienda increased the rentals of the lands (3) a
dreadful pest killed most of the turkeys. Due to
hard times in Calamba, the monthly allowances of
Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there were
times when they never arrived.
June 24, 1884 - a touching incident in Rizal’s
life in Madrid wherein he was broke and was
unable to take breakfast.
Evening of June 25, 1884 - a banquet was
sponsored by the Filipino community to
celebrate the double victory of the Filipino
artist in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in
Madrid—Luna’s Spoliarium winning the first
prize and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to
the Populace (VirgenesCristianas Expuestas al
Populacho), second prize.
Here, He was able to eat dinner.
November 20, 21, and 22, 1884 - the serene city of
Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students of
theCentral University.
June 21, 1884 - Rizal completed his medical course
in Spain; he was conferred the degree of Licentiate
inMedicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid.
The next academic year (1884-1885), Rizal studied
and passed all subjects leading to the degree of
Doctor of Medicine but he did not present the
thesis required for graduation nor paid the
corresponding fees, he was not awarded his
Doctor’s diploma.
June 19, 1885 - on his 24th birthday, Rizal was
awarded the degree ofLicentiate in Philosophy and
Lettersby the Universidad Central de Madrid with
the rating of “Excellent”: (Sobresaliente)
However, he believed that it will not of use to him
because no University in the Philippines will
accept him as a professor because the Dominicans
will never take an indio as a faculty.
RIZAL BECOMES A MASON
Rizal got contacts with the Liberal and
Republican Masons. In 1883, he joined the
MASONIC LODGE ACACIA in Madrid adopting
the Masonic name DIMAS – ALANG.
REASONS WHY HE JOINED MASONRY
Ø The bad friars in the Philippines, by their
abuses unworthy of their priestly habit, drove
Rizal to desperation and to masonry.
He needed to help the masons to fight the bad
friars in the Philippines.
Ø Upon November 15, 1892 he became the
master mason of LODGE SOLIDARIDAD and on
February 15, 1892 he became the master
mason of LE GRAND DE ORIENT FRANCE in
Paris.
 TWO TITANS OF THE TRUTH
JUAN LUNA – 1st price for his SPOLIARIUM, he
received as gold medal.
FELIX HIDALGO - 2nd price for his CHRISTIAN
VIRGINS EXPOSE TO THE POPULACE
TWO COURSES FINISHED IN MADRID
Doctor of Medicine
Licentiate of Philosophy and Letters
BACK TO CALAMBA
DECISION TO RETURN HOME
After the publication of the Noli Me Tangere
Rizal was warned not to return home by:
Paciano (his brother)
Sivestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law)
Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio)
Other Friends
Thus, after five years of memorable sojourn in
Europe, he returned to the Philippines in August,
1887. he practised medicine in Calamba. He
operated successfully on his mother’s eyes and
lived the quiet life of a country doctor.
Unfortunately his enemies, who resented Noli,
persecuted him, even menacing his life.
REASONS WHY HE WAS DETERMINE TO
RETURN TO THE PHILIPPINES
To operate on his mother’s eyes
To serve his people who had long been
oppressed by Spanish tyrants
To find out for himself how the Noli and his
other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards in the Philippines; and
To find out why Leonor Rivera had remained
silent.
DELIGHTFUL TRIP AND ARRIVAL TO MANILA
Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a French
port, which he reached without mishap.
July 3, 1887 - Rizal boarded the steamer Djemnah,
the same streamer which brought him to Europe 5
years ago
July 30, 1887 - at Saigon, Rizal transferred to
another steamer, Haiphong, which was Manila-
bounded
August 2, 1887 - the steamer left Saigon for Manila
ARRIVAL IN MANILA
August 3, 1887 - the moon was full and Rizal slept
soundly the whole night. The calm sea, illuminated
by the silvery moonlight, was a magnificent sight
to him.
Near midnight of August 5, 1887, the Haiphong
arrived in Manila.
August 8, 1887 - Rizal returned to Calamba
In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic. His
first patient was his mother, who was almost blind.
Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman”
because he came from Germany, treated their
ailments and soon he acquired a lucrative medical
practice.
Rizal opened a gymnasium for young folks, where
he introduced European sports
Rizal suffered one failure during his six months of
sojourn in Calamba—his failure to see Leonor
Rivera.
STORM OVER THE “NOLI”
Rizal received a letter from Governor General
Emilio Terero to come to Malacañang.
Rizal visited Fr. Francisco Sanchez, Fr. Jose
Bech, and Fr. Federico Faura.
Father Faura ventured an opinion that
“everything in it was the truth,” but added:
“You may lose your head for it.”
Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as bodyguard of
Rizal belonged to a noble family.
Permanent Commission of Censorship-a
committee composed of priest and laymen
Fr. Jose Rodriguez - Augustinian priest,
published a series of eight pamphlets under
the general heading.
Cuestiones de Sumo Interes (Questions of
Supreme Interest) to blast the Noli and other
anti-Spanish writings
The report of the faculty members of
University of Santo Tomas stated that the Noli
was “heretical, impious, and scandalous in the
religious order and anti-patriotic, subversive of
public order, injurious to the government of
Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands
in the political order”
 What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba
with Lt. Andrade were (1) the death of his older
sister, Olimpia, and (2) the groundless tales
circulated by his enemies that he was “a
German spy, an agent of Bismarck, a
Protestant, a Mason, a witch, a soul beyond
salvation, etc.”
Rev. Vicente Garcia - a Filipino Catholic priest-
scholar.
Writing under the pen name Justo
DesiderioMagalang, wrote a defense of the
Noli which was published in Singapore as an
appendix to a pamphlet dated July 18, 1888, he
blasted the arguments of Fr. Rodriguez .
Rizal, himself defended his novel against
Barrantes’ attack, in a letter written in Brussels,
Belgium in February 1880.
DEFENDERS OF NOLI
Marcelo H. Del Pilar - editor of La Solidaridad
He published a pamphlet entitled “Caiigat Cayo”
Caiigat Cayo - it means “Be slippery as an Eel”
Father Francisco Sanchez - Rizal’s beloved Jesuit
professor.
Don Segismundo Moret - a former President of the
Council of Minister.
- he read and like the book very much.
Rev. Vicente Garcia - a Filipino Catholic priest-
scholar.
Father Garcia - writing under the pen name Justo
Desiderio Magalang.
- he wrote a defense of the Noli which was
published in Singapore as an appendix to a
pamphlet dated on July 18, 1888. (defenders of
noli.
RIZAL STARTS THE SECOND NOVEL - EL
FILIBISTURISMO
Rizal began writing El Filibusterismo in
October 1887 while he was in Calamba
RIZAL AND ANDRADE
Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade - a Spanish bodyguard.
- he was assigned as a bodyguard of Rizal by
Governor-General Terrero.
- between Lt. Andrade and Rizal, a beautiful
friendship bloomed.
CALAMBA’S AGRARIAN TROUBLE
Governor-General Terrero, influenced by a certain
facts in Noli Me Tangere, ordered a government
investigation of the friars estates to remedy
whatever iniquities might have been presents in
connection with land taxes and with tenant
relations.
A POEM FOR LIPA
FAREWELL TO CALAMBA
The friars asked Governor General Terrero to
deport him, but latter refused because there
was no valid charge against Rizal in court.
Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba for two
reasons: (1) his presence in Calamba was
jeopardizing the safety and happiness of his
family and friends (2) he could fight better his
enemies and serve his country’s cause with
greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
Shortly before Rizal left Calamba in 1888, his
friend from Lipa requested him to write a poem
in commemoration of the town’s elevation to a
villa (city) by virtue of the Becerra Law of 1888.
Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor) - a poem
written by Rizal dedicated to the industrious folks
of Lipa.
RIZAL’S TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA
“ELIAS & SALOME”
Missing Chapter of Noli
Few people know that there is a missing
chapter in the printed Noli Me Tangere, this
chapter was included in the original
manuscript, written in Rizal’s own handwriting
However, it was crossed out in blue pencil so
that it was deleted from the printed novel.
WHY RIZAL DELETES THE CHAPTER?
It should be recalled that Rizal was in dire
financial situation in Berlin during the days
when he was putting the finishing touches to
the Noli.
 He knew that the cost of printing is in
proportion with the number of pages of the
manuscript.
Accordingly, he rewrote several chapters
making them more compact so that he could
economize on the number of pages.
He deleted one whole chapter and this chapter
was “Elias and Salome”
ECONOMIC was the only reason why this
particular chapter was deleted.
He even killed Elias in the novel and let Ibarra
Here at Leitmeritz, Rizal met Blumentritt for
the first time. Blumentritt is an old Austrian
professor. Rosa, his wife, Dolores, Conrad and
Fritz, Blumentritt’s children.
Professor Blumentritt - a kind-hearted, old
Austrian professor
May 13 to May 16, 1887 - Rizal and Viola stayed
in Leitmeritz
Burgomaster - town mayor

live. Later, he repented having killed Elias.

Tourist’s Club of Leitmeritz - which Blumentritt
He wrote “im sorry i have killed Elias instead of
was the secretary; Rizal spoke
Crisostomo Ibarra.” extemporaneously influent Germany to the
But when Rizal wrote the Noli his health was officers and members
very bad and he never believe that he could
wrote the continuation and talk about Dr. Carlos Czepelak - renowned scientist of
revolution. Europe

After the Noli was printed in Berlin, Rizal

Professor Robert Klutschak - an eminent
planned to visit the important places in
naturalist
Europe.
Rizal received Paciano’s remittance of P1,000. May 16, 1887 at 9:45 AM - Rizal and Viola left
He paid Dr. Maximo Viola P300 for Rizal loaned Leitmeritz by train
so that the Noli could be printed.
PRAGUE
Having paid his debt, and with enough funds in
his pocket, Rizal accompanied by Viola, was here they visited:
ready to see Europe before returning home to The tomb of Copenicus (the famous
Calamba. astronomer)
The museum of natural history
May 11, 1887 - Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train
The bacteriological laboratories
Dresden - one of the best cities in Germany
The famous cave where San Juan
Prometheus Bound - painting wherein Rizal was
Nepomuceno, (the Catholic saint) was
deeply impressed
imprisoned
Teschen (now Decin, Czechoslovakia) - next
The bridge where the saint was hurled into the
stopover after leaving Dresedn
river
LEITMERITZ
Dr. Willkomm - professor of natural history in the
At 1:30pm of May 13, 1887 - the train, with Rizal University of Prague
and Viola on board, arrived at the railroad
station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia BRUNN

For the first time, the two great scholars—Rizal According to Viola, nothing happened in this city.
and Blumentritt—met in person
 Rizal wrote to Blumentritt, “I am tired as a dog,
VIENNA
but I will sleep as a god.”
(capital of Austria-Hungary), known as the “Queen After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome,
of Danube”, famous in songs and stories. Rizal prepared to return to the Philippines. He
had already written to his father that he was
coming home.
Danubian Voyage (Danube river cruise)
HONGKONG, MACAU & JAPAN 1988
Lintz Salzburg
Rizal leaving the Philippines for the Second Time
Munich, they stopped here for a short time for
Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was
the famous Munich beer, best in Germany
forced to leave his country for the second time
in 1888.
Nuremberg, one of the oldest cities in Germany
He was 27 years old, a practicing physician, and
a recognized man of letters.
Ulm, the cathedral of this city was the largest
and tallest in Gemany After six months of staying in the Philippines
Rizal left via the steamer Zapiro bound for
Hong Kong.
Stuttgart Baden Rheinfall, they saw the
waterfall, the most beautiful waterfall in Reasons why Rizal had to leave the Philippines:
Europe
His presence is a liability to his family and
friends.
Scaffhausen, Switzerland Bassel Bern He can fight the colonial government better
Lausanne Lemon Lake abroad.

Amoy – the first stop over of the ship

Geneva, the Swiss city, one of the most
beautiful cities in Europe. Rizal did not get off the ship for the following
reasons:
Languages spoken by the people of Geneva: He was not feeling well
French It was raining hard
He heard that the city is dirty.
German
Italian
HONGKONG

GENEVA British colony

Rizal stayed in Victoria Hotel He met:
This Swiss city is one of the most beautiful
cities in Europe, visited by world tourists every 1. Jose Maria Basa
year. 2. Balbino Mauricio
3. Manuel Yriarte (son of the alcalde mayor in
June 19, 1887- Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out.
It was his 26th birthday Calamba)
According to Rizal in his letter to Blumentritt, is
Rizal and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in
a small, but very clean city.
Geneva
Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese and
Turin Milan Venice Florence Jews.
There are some Filipinos exiled in Marianas
Rome, the City of Caesars
Islands since 1872, they were former financiers
Vatican, the City of the Popes, the capital of and rich but now poor, gentle and timid.
Christendom
 RIZAL’S VISIT TO MACAU
A Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. Rizal
together with Basa boarded a ferry named Kiu-
Kiang going to Macau.
Jose Sainz de Varanda – among one of the
passengers
Don Juan Francisco Lecaros – a Filipino
gentleman who is married to a Portuguese lady.
Rizal and Basa stayed in his house for two days
while they were in Macau.
RIZAL IN JAPAN
The land of cherry blossoms
Rizal left Hong Kong on board of the Oceanic,
an American steamer on his way to Japan.
He arrived in Yokohama, Japan and stayed for
one day in Grand Hotel.
RIZAL IN TOKYO
After spending a day in Yokohama, Rizal went
to Tokyo and stayed in Tokyo Hotel for five
days.
Tokyo Hotel - where Rizal stayed from March 2-
7 in Japan.
Rizal’s letter to Blumentritt.
Tokyo is more extensive than Paris.
The walls are built in cyclopean manner.
The streets are large and wide
JUDO – Japanese art of self defense
KABUKI – Japanese drama play
Juan Perez Caballero – secretary of the Spanish
legation visited him in the hotel inviting him to
stay in the Spanish legation.
Knowing that it is a plot to monitor him, Rizal
accepted the offer for the following reasons:
REASONS WHY HE ACCEPTED CABALLERO’S
PROPOSAL
He could economize his living expenses
He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of
the Spanish authorities.
He and Caballero became good friends.
In Japan, Rizal was embarrassed because he did
not knew how to speak Niponggo (Japanese
Language)
He was mistaken as an Europeanized Japanese
because he looks like a Japanese and yet speaks
in different tongue.
RIZAL’S IMPRESSION OF JAPAN
The scenic beauty of the country
The cleanliness, politeness and industry of the
Japanese people.
The picturesque dress and simple charm of the
Japanese women.
There were few thieves in Japan.
Beggars are rarely seen in the city streets.
RICKSHAW
Rickshaw – a popular mode of transportation
which he did not like in Japan.
RIZAL AND O-SEI-SAN
A samurai’s daughter of 23 years old and had
never experienced true love.
Seiko Usui – San, her father; a store owner
A woman of beauty, charm, modesty and
intelligence.
Speaks French and English
When Rizal first introduced himself to her, he
took of his hat as a sign of respect ( A German
custom)
O-Sei-San – was more than Rizal’s girlfriend for
she was his guide, interpreter and tutor.
She improved his knowledge of the Japanese
language.
She eases the pain left by Leonor Rivera.
Rizal and Osei – San are both theatre addicts.
They attended some kabuki plays such as;
Sendaihagi, Manjiro Nakahama and
Chushingura.
Rizal fell greatly in-love with O-Sei-San that he
was tempted to leave the Philippines and settle
down in Japan.
 He was offered a job in the Spanish Legation
Paciano – wrote to him reminding him of his
duty and why he left the Philippines in the first
place.
Rizal left Japan via the ship Belgic, an English
steamer in Yokohama bound for United States.
It ended 45 days of his unforgettable stay in
Japan and his relationship with O-Sei-San.
O-SEI-SAN AFTER RIZAL’S DEPARTURE
IN GAY PARIS, 1889 - 1990
After his trip to London, he move to PARIS.
Timely there is an International Exposition
being held at Paris.
Rizal’s roommates:
Captain Justo Trinidad – former gobernadorcillo
& a refugee from Spanish tyranny;

Alfred Charlton – became the husband of O- Jose Albert – young student from Manila.

Sei-San in 1897, one year after Rizal was

In his spare hours, he used to dine at the house of
executed. (11)
the De Taveras:
He was a British teacher of chemistry in Peers’
School in Tokyo.
1) DR.TRINIDAD PARDO DE TAVERA – physician
They had a daughter named Yuriko, who
by vocation and philologist by avocation.
married a son of a Japanese senator
2) DR.FELIX PARDO DE TAVERA – also a physician
Seiko-Usui died in 1947 at age 80 and was
by vocation and an artist & sculptor by avocation.
buried beside her husband.
3) PAZ PARDO DE TAVERA – wife of Juan Luna.
SAYONARA JAPAN 4) DON JOAQUIN PARDO DE TAVERA – an exle of
1872 who escape from Marianas & lived in France.
April 13, 1888 – Rizal left Japan boarded in
Belgic, an English steamer bound for United MR.EDWARD BOUSTED - was born in the Phil., the
States son of a rich French businessman of Singapore,
Tetcho Suehiro – a fighting Japanese journalist, and had married a daughter of prominent Genato
novelist, champion of human rights, who was family of Manila.
forced by the government to leave Japan.
He met a semi-Filipino family – Mr. Reinaldo Two attractive daughter
Turner and his wife Emma Jackson, their
children and maid from Pangasinan. 1. Nellie – a fencer
2. Adelina – quiet, dignified & refined
TETCHO SUEHIRO

He carried his artistic hobbies and made two

Became a member of the Japanese Imperial
statues
Diet (Parliament)
Wrote to novels:
1. The Beggar
– Nankai-no-Daiharan (Storm Over the South Sea)
2. The Maid with a Baker – sent to Blumentrit
– 1891 resembling Noli Me Tangere
together with an artistic wallet (PETACA) made of
– O-unabara (The Big Ocean) – 1894 – resembling
Philippine vine.
El Filibusterismo
Died in 1896 at age 49 due to heart attack. 2 CLUBS FOUNDED BY RIZAL

Advocates of Freedom 1. Kidlat Club

Rizal 2. Indios Bravos
Tetcho Suehiro
Kidlat Club – special club form in order
organize Fils. In the French country
Members:
Antonio & Juan Luna
Lauro Dimagiba
TWO SATRICAL WORKS OF RIZAL
La Vision de Fray Rodriquez
Por Telepono
TWO MAGNIFICENT PROJECT OF RIZAL IN
PARIS
International Association of Filipinologist
Modern Filipino College in Hongkong
International Association of Filipinologist
association that aim to study the Philippines from
the scientific and historical piont of view.
OFFICERS OF INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION
OF FILIPINOLOGIST
President: Dr.Ferdinand Blumentritt(Austrian)
Vice President: Mr. Edmund Plauehul (French)
Counsellor: Dr. Reinhold Rost (Anglo-German)
Counsellor: Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor (Filipino-
Spanish)
Secretary: Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino)
Modern Filipino in Hongkong – a college
that aims to train and educate men of good
family and financial means in according
with the demands of modern times and
circumstances.
Mr. Cunanan - who promised Rizal to help
him raise money as initial capital for the
college.
P40,000 – amount needed as capital for
the college.
Por Telepono – another satirical work of
Rizal that is a reply to fr. Salvador Font,
who mastermind the banning of his Noli. –
was published in booklet form
Barcelona, 1889.
to
– it describes in anical vain Father Salvador
Font and a friar in the San Agustin Convent in
Manila.
Dimasalang – pen name used by Rizal in
writing Por Telepono.
Adelina Boustead – another romance of
Rizal in Paris.
Antonio Luna – a dashing man of violent
passions who is madly in love with Nelly
(Adelina’s sister)
Mir Deas – Spanish newspaperman who was
writing articles against Filipinos.
REASONS WHY RIZAL MARRIAGE DID NOT
PROSPER:
–
Adelina was not sure ho loved her because of
his broken engagement
Rizal refused to accept the condition that he
will become a protestant like her.
Adelina’s mother opposed the match because
Rizal was not rich enough to support a family in
style.
STAY IN LONDON
Lived in London May 1888 to Mar. 1889
3 reasons why he stayed there:
1. To improve the his knowledge of the English
Language
2. To study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de Las
Islas Filipinas
3. London was a safe place for him to carry on his
fight against Spanish Tyranny
Filipiniana studies
Completing annotating Morga’s books
Wrote many articles in La Solidaridad
Penned Young Women of Malolos
Had romance with Gertrude Beckett
in
 TRIP ACROSS THE ATLANTIC Content of the letter:
We young Filipinos are trying to make over a
Made friends in his Atlantic voyage nation and must not halt in our onward march, but
from time to time turn our gaze upon our elders.
Amazed some American and European
We shall wish to read in their contenances
passengers approval of our actions. We are anxious to learn of
Had a chat with newspaper men but became the Philippines’ past which we need to understand
disappointed in order to plan intelligently for the future. We
Arrived on Liverpool May 24, 1888 want to know all that our ancestors knew, and then
add our own studies to theirs. Thus we shall
“Liverpool is a big and beautiful city and its
progress the faster because we can go on from
celebrated port is worthy of its great fame. The where they left off.
entrance is magnificent and the custom house
is quite good.” ANNOTATING MORGA’S BOOKS

LIFE IN LONDON Spent many days in the reading room of the

British Museum reading Morga’s books and old
Went to London May 25, 1888 (14)
stories of the Philippines
Stayed as a guest at Dr. Regidor’s home
Wrote a letter to Blumentritt on Sept. 17, 1888
Became a boarder at the Beckett’s by the end
Mariano Ponce urged him to edit a newspaper
of May
but refused
Was called “Pearl of Man” by Dr. Reinhold Rost
Played Cricket and Boxing with Dr. Rost’s sons. SHORT VISIT TO PARIS AND SPAIN

GOOD AND BAD NEWS FROM HOME
Bad News
Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed
the “Anti-friar Petition of 1888”
Persecution of Calamba tenants
Furious attacks on Rizal by Senator Salamanca
and Vida in the Spanish Cortes and by
September 1888 he visited Paris for a week
Entertained in a gay French Metropolis by Juan
Luna and his wife
He returned to London
Dec. 11, 1888 he went to Spain
Met Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce
CHRISTMAS IN LONDON

Desengaños (Wenseslao E. Retana) and Rizal returned to London on Dec. 24, 1888 and
Quioquiap (Pablo Feced) in Spanish spent his Christmas and new year ‘s day with
newspapers the Becketts.
Rizal’s brother-in-law, Manuel Hidalgo was He sent a gift to Blumentritt and Dr. Carlos
exiled in Bohol Czepelak
Laureano Viado, his friend was arrested and Received a gift from Mrs. Beckett
jailed because copies of Noli were found in his
house RIZAL BECOMES LEADER OF FILIPINOS IN
EUROPE
Good News
Chosen to be honorary president
Rev. Vicente Garcias’ defended Noli against the
attacks of the friars. Wrote a letter of thanks adressed to the
members of Asociacion La Solidaridad on Jan.
28, 1889
Letter content
When defeated never surrender
Great deal of integrity and much good will
 RIZAL AND THE LA SOLIDARIDAD PAPER ROMANCE WITH GERTRUDE BECKETT

Graciano Lopez founded La Solidaridad on Gertrude Beckett

Feb.15,1889 at Barcelona
Marcelo H. del Pilar about their newspaper
Rizal congratulated Lopez Jaena and the
associates and wrote articles
FIRST ARTICLE IN LA SOLIDARIDAD
Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino Farmers)
Published Mar. 25, 1889
Depicted the deplorable conditions in the
Philippines which cause the backwardness of
the country.
WRITINGS IN LONDON
La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The vision of Fray
Rodriguez)
(Published at Barcelona)
Buxom English girl with brown hair, blue eyes,
and rosy cheeks
Eldest of the three sisters
Fell in love with Rizal
Helped him in his painting and sculpture
“Gettie”
Rizal finished 4 sculptures:
Promotheus Bound
The Triumph of Death over Life
The Triumph of Science over Death
Composite carving of the heads of the Beckett
sisters
ADIOS LONDON
March 19, 1889 - he leaved London

Letter to the Young Women of Malolos

M.H. del Pilar
Praise the young ladies of Malolos for their
courage to establish a school where they could
learn spanish despite the opposition of Fr.
Felipe Garcia, Spanish parish priest of Malolos:

1. A Filipino mother should teach her children

love of God, fatherland, and mankind
2. Filipino mother should be glad, like the Spartan
mother
3. Filipino woman should know how to preserve
her dignity and honor
4. Filipino woman should educate herself, aside
from retaining her good racial virtues;
5. Faith is not merely reciting long prayers and
wearing religious pictures, but rather it is living
the real Christian way, with good morals and
good manners.

Specimens of Tagalog Folklore

Two Eastern Fables
Requested by: Dr. Rost