DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING
CENTRE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES, SPACE
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

LABORATORY REPORT (DDWJ 1912)

NAME : 1) Surendren a/l Moghan

2) AMIR FAHMI BIN ZULKIFLI
3) CINDY CHEW
4) MAHENDRAN A/L GANESAN
5)
TAN JIN WEI
6)
7)
8)
GROUP/SECTION : 01
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : 2D and 3D Profile Measurement
DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 12 November 2022
LECTURER NAME : Ms Noor Izaety Binti Azhar

MARKS:

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD LABORATORY

TITLE: 2D and 3D Profile Measurement

OBJECTIVES:
1) Come out with probable value of measurement described
by statistical methods
2) Utilize 2D and 3D profile measuring equipment
3) Understand the analysis of measurement uncertainty and
experimental error
4) Compare the resulting pitch diameter of a thread, between
digital microscopes and three-wire methods.
THEORY: In general, when making measurements for pitch
diameter of a thread involves the three-wire gage method in
which three wires with similar diameter for the pitch being
checked are placed in contact with the threaded part. Two
wires are placed with the thread on one side, and a third wire
on the opposite side as illustrated in Figure 1.

The two most important dimensions of screw threads are the

major (outermost) diameter and the pitch (center) diameter.
The most universal method of obtaining measurement of pitch
diameter, taper, an out-of-roundness of external threads is the
three-wire method. However, it is known that manual method
usually is not without its errors during measurement. By
conducting measurement of the same sample using digital
optical measuring devices, students shall learn the importance
of precise measurement in the industry. Effects of precision
towards many stages of production in the industry are always
a concern for engineers. Hence, discussion of precision
through experiments is an interesting area to be explored by
engineering students.
APPARATUS:
1) Hexagon head screws
2) 3 steel gage wires
3) Digital microscopes (as given in Figure 2 (a) and (b)

PROCEDURE: There will be two different devices to use for

this experiment, and the procedures are as given below:
A) KEYENCE IM-6020 2D Image Dimension Measurement
Device
1) Before any measurement can be taken, the target specimen
must be set first. This can be done by placing the target in the
center of the stage glass after clicking the [Multi
Measurement] button in the main menu of the device.
2) Release the lock of the “Z stage up/down handle stopper”
and adjust the height of the Z stage. When the position is
correct, lock the Z stage with the “Z stage up/down handle
stopper”.
3) After preparations are made, multi measurement can be
conducted carefully by first specifying the measurement
settings data in the measurement settings data specification
area.
4) Select an appropriate measurement settings file from the
device’s built-in folders.
5) When everything is ready, press the [MEASURE] button
on the head, or in the common control area. The device shall
start measurement instantly.
6) Measurement results will be displayed on the screen.
Record measurements in Table 1.
7) Repeat steps 1-6 for other test specimens.
B) KEYENCE VHX-2000E Digital Microscope Measuring
Device
1) XY stage needs to be initialized before any measurement or
image can be taken. This initialization shall be prepared
before experiments can be conducted by students.
Adjustments of brightness and focus of the image portrayed
should also be done before the measurement can take place.
2) When the device is prepared, image of specimen placed on
the XY stage can be captured and saved.
3) To capture the image, press the REC button and select the
folder to save the image in and enter a filename. Click [Save].
4) In order to measure what is needed, calibration is needed
and shall be conducted by technicians before students can
start measurement.
5) To start measurement, press the [MEASUREMENT] button
on the console, and click [Measure/Comment].
6) Click the [Main] tab, and click the icon for the desired
measurement.
7) Specify the measurement points in the observation window.
8) Record the measured width and thickness of the bolt head,
and also pitch of the thread in Table 2.
9) Repeat steps 1 – 8 for other specimens.

EXPERIMENT DATA:

EXPERIMENTAL RESULT:
1) Use information in Table 1, calculate the followings;

a) The average value of data for pitch

b) The standard deviations for pitch

Sample calculation for standard deviation Index B.

DISCUSSION:
2) State the possible uncertainty might be happen while
conducting the experiments
The possible uncertainty might happen is systematic
error or random error.

CONLCUSION:
The experiment is conducted in a way that the data collection
is done in a proper manner or data is taken 4 times and the
average is used to interpret the results. This is a good way to
do data collection and presenting findings. The quality of the
experiment can be improved further by adding another set of
data for better reliability or probability.

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