NED University Of Engineering And Technology

Islamic Studies
ES-205
Assignment

Name: Abdul Rehman

Roll No: CE-22180
Section: D
Department: Civil
Academic Session: Fall

Department of Civil Engineering

 Karachi-75270, Pakistan

Final Year And Death Of Prophet Peace Be Upon Him

The final year of the Prophet Muhammad’s life was an era of culmination and contrasts, marked
by both remarkable triumphs and profound tragedies. It served as a testament to his tireless
efforts to disseminate the message of Islam and to create a society characterized by justice and
equity.
During this period, the spread of Islam reached every corner of Arabia, a testament to the tireless
dedication of the Prophet and his followers. The city of Medina, which had been transformed
under his guidance, thrived as a model of justice and equity, reflecting the principles of Islam in
practice. The Prophet’s leadership had brought about a just and righteous society, and his
Farewell Sermon, delivered during the Hajj pilgrimage, was a profound and comprehensive
statement of Islamic beliefs and values. In this sermon, he emphasized the oneness of Allah, the
importance of the Quran and Sunnah, kindness, respect, justice, the avoidance of sin and evil,
and the preparation for the afterlife. His teachings continue to inspire and guide Muslims
worldwide.
However, amidst these triumphs, the final year was also marred by profound personal tragedies.
The loss of his cherished wife Khadija, a steadfast companion and source of unwavering support,
was a deeply emotional and significant moment in the Prophet’s life. Her passing left a void that
could never be filled. Additionally, the same year brought the passing of his protective uncle,
Abu Talib, who had shielded him from harm during challenging times. These personal losses,
coupled with the mounting opposition and hostility from his enemies, added to the emotional and
spiritual weight that the Prophet bore during his final year on Earth.
In this year of profound contrasts, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) continued to
exemplify the values of patience, perseverance, and unwavering dedication to the message of
Islam. His legacy, shaped by both triumph and tragedy, remains a source of inspiration for
Muslims, underscoring the enduring principles of faith, justice, and compassion that he strived to
establish throughout his life.
1)Farewell Pilgrimage
The Farewell Pilgrimage was the Prophet Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) final pilgrimage to
Mecca. It took place in the tenth year of his Prophethood , in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah. Over
100,000 Muslims participated in the pilgrimage, making it the largest pilgrimage in Islamic
history.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) set out from Medina on the 25th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
He traveled to Mecca with his family and companions. When they reached Mecca, they
performed the rituals of the pilgrimage, including the Tawaf (circling the Kaaba), the Sa’I
(walking between Safa and Marwah), and the standing on the plain of Arafat.
On the ninth day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) delivered a
sermon at Arafat. This sermon is known as the Farewell Sermon, and it is one of the most
important sermons in Islamic history. In the sermon, the Prophet (peace be upon him) reminded
the Muslims of their duties and obligations, and he urged them to live in peace and unity.
2) Sermon At Arafat:
The Farewell Sermon, a momentous address delivered by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be
upon him) on the expansive plain of Arafat during the Hajj pilgrimage in the tenth year of his
prophethood, holds a place of profound significance in Islamic history. This eloquent sermon was
a testament to the universal and enduring values of Islam, encompassing a diverse array of
essential topics.
Oneness of Allah: The Prophet emphasized the core Islamic belief in the oneness of Allah. This
principle finds resonance in Quranic verses such as Surah Al-Ikhlas (Chapter 112), where it is
stated, “ ‫ُقْل ُهَو ٱُهَّلل َأَح ٌد ٱُهَّلل ٱلَّص َم ُد َلْم َيِلْد َو َلْم ُيوَلْد َو َلْم َيُك ن َّل ۥُه ُكُفًو ا َأَح ٌۭد‬.”
Importance of the Quran and Sunnah: The Prophet urged his followers to adhere to the Quran
and Sunnah, reinforcing their significance as sources of divine guidance. Quranic verses like
Surah Al-Baqarah (Chapter 2), verse 185, highlight the Quran as a source of guidance: “ ‫َش ۡه ُر‬
‫َر َم َض اَن ٱَّلِذٓى ُأنِز َل ِفيِه ٱۡل ُقۡر َء اُن ُه ࣶدى ِّللَّناِس َو َبِّیَنٰـ ࣶت ِّم َن ٱۡل ُهَد ٰى َو ٱۡل ُفۡر َقاِن‬.”
Kindness and Respect:Emphasizing the importance of treating others with kindness and
respect, the Prophet’s message resonates with the Quran’s teaching in Surah Al-Hujurat (Chapter
‫ۚ۟ا‬
49), verse 13: “ ‫َیٰۤـ َأُّیَها ٱلَّناُس ِإَّنا َخ َلۡق َنٰـ ُك م ِّم ن َذ َك ٖر َو ُأنَثٰى َو َجَع ۡل َنٰـ ُك ۡم ُش ُع وٗب ا َو َقَبۤا ِٕىَل ِلَتَع اَر ُفو ِإَّن َأۡك َر َم ُك ۡم ِع نَد ٱِهَّلل َأۡت َقٰى ُك ۚۡم ِإَّن ٱَهَّلل‬
‫َع ِلیٌم َخ ِبیٌۭر‬.”
Justice and Equality: The Prophet’s stress on justice and equality aligns with the Quranic
injunction in Surah Al-Nisa (Chapter 4), verse 135: “ ‫َیٰۤـ َأُّیَها ٱَّلِذ یَن َء اَم ُنو۟ا ُك وُنو۟ا َقَّٰو ِم یَن ِبٱۡل ِقۡس ِط ُش َهَد ۤا َء ِهَّلِل َو َلۡو َع َلٰۤى‬
‫ۚ۟ا‬
‫َأنُفِس ُك ۡم َأِو ٱۡل َو ٲِلَد ۤی ِن َو ٱَأۡلۡق َر ِبیَۚن ِإن َیُكۡن َغ ِنّٗی ا َأۡو َفِقیٗر ا َفٱُهَّلل َأۡو َلٰى ِبِهَم ۖا َفاَل َتَّتِبُعو۟ا ٱۡل َهَو ٰۤى َأن َتۡع ِد ُلو َو ِإن َتۡل ُو ۟ا َأۡو ُتۡع ِر ُضو۟ا َفِإَّن ٱَهَّلل َك اَن‬
‫ِبَم ا َتۡع َم ُلوَن َخبیٗر ا‬.”
Avoiding Sin and Evil: The Prophet’s warnings against sin and evil resonate with the Quran’s
emphasis on repentance. Surah Al-Zumar (Chapter 39), verse 53, assures believers that “ ‫ُقۡل َیٰـِع َباِدَی‬
‫ٱَّلِذ یَن َأۡس َر ُفو۟ا َع َلٰٓى َأنُفِس ِهم اَل َتۡق َنُطو۟ا ِم ن َّر ۡح َم ِة ٱِۚهَّلل ِإَّن ٱَهَّلل َیۡغ ِفُر ٱلُّذ ُنوَب َجِم ی࣋عۚا ِإَّن ۥُه ُهَو ٱۡل َغ ُفوُر ٱلَّر ِح یُم‬.”
Preparing for the Afterlife: The Prophet’s reminder of the transient nature of this world and the
eternal nature of the afterlife finds support in numerous Quranic verses, including Surah Al-Kahf
(Chapter 18), verse 7: “ ‫ِإَّنا َجَع ۡل َنا َم ا َع َلى ٱَأۡلۡر ِض ِزیَن ࣰة َّلَها ِلَنۡب ُلَو ُهۡم َأُّیُهۡم َأۡح َس ُن َع َم اٗل‬.”
The Farewell Sermon stands as a timeless and powerful message, encapsulating the core Islamic
beliefs and values, and it continues to motivate Muslims worldwide to lead lives of piety and
virtuous deeds, as exemplified by the teachings of the Quran.
3)Final Year And Death:
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) fell ill in the summer of his tenth year of
prophethood. His symptoms were a headache and fatigue, which gradually worsened over the
course of several weeks. His companions and followers were very concerned about his illness
and prayed fervently for his recovery, but his condition continued to deteriorate.
On the day of his death, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was so weak that he could
barely speak. He gathered his companions around him and gave them his final instructions. He
died peacefully in his sleep on the 8th of June, 632 AD, at the age of 63.
He was buried in a simple grave in the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina. His death was a great loss
to the Muslim community, but his legacy continues to inspire and guide Muslims all over the
world.
In addition to being a great religious leader, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was
also a skilled statesman and military commander. He united Arabia under the banner of Islam and
established a just and equitable society. He was also a compassionate and merciful man who was
always willing to help those in need.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is a role model for all Muslims. He showed us
how to live a life of piety and righteousness. He taught us the importance of compassion, justice,
and equality. His legacy continues to inspire and guide us today.
4)Burial In The Prophet’s Mosque:
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) was buried in the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina on
June 8, 632 AD. His tomb is located in the Aishah chamber, which is adjacent to his house.
The Prophet’s Mosque is one of the most sacred sites in Islam. It is visited by millions of
Muslims each year. The mosque is also a center of learning and knowledge, and it is where many
of the Prophet’s companions and followers are buried.
The Prophet’s burial in the mosque was a significant event for the Muslim community. It showed
that the Prophet was not just a religious leader, but also a political and military leader. It also
showed that the mosque was a place where all Muslims could come together, regardless of their
social status or ethnicity.
The Prophet’s tomb is a simple grave, but it is adorned with a beautiful green dome. The tomb is
located in the center of the mosque, and it is surrounded by a marble enclosure.
Muslims from all over the world come to visit the Prophet’s tomb. They come to pay their
respects to the Prophet and to pray for his intercession. The tomb is also a place where Muslims
can learn about the Prophet’s life and teachings.
The Prophet’s burial in the mosque is a reminder of his importance to the Muslim community.
He was a great leader, teacher, and role model. His legacy continues to inspire and guide
Muslims all over the world.
Here is a account of the Prophet’s burial in the mosque:
When the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) passed away, his companions were faced
with the difficult task of deciding where to bury him. They considered burying him in his house,
but they decided that this would be too difficult for his wife Aisha (peace be upon her). They also
considered burying him in the cemetery of Baqi, but they decided that this would be too far from
the mosque.
In the end, the companions decided to bury the Prophet in the mosque itself. They dug a grave in
the Aishah chamber, which was adjacent to his house. The grave was lined with bricks and
covered with a stone slab.
The Prophet’s body was washed and prepared for burial according to Islamic tradition. He was
wrapped in white sheets and placed in the grave. His companions then covered the grave with
earth and prayed for his soul.
The Prophet’s burial in the mosque was a simple and dignified ceremony. It was a reminder of
his humility and his commitment to serving others. It was also a symbol of the unity and equality
of all Muslims.
The Prophet’s tomb has become one of the most sacred sites in Islam. It is a place where
Muslims from all over the world come to pay their respects and to pray for his intercession. It is
also a place where Muslims can learn about the Prophet’s life and teachings.
5)Legacy of the Farewell Pilgrimage and Sermon:
The Farewell Pilgrimage and Sermon, two profound events in the life of the Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him), have left an indelible mark on the Muslim community, serving as beacons
of guidance and inspiration.
The Farewell Pilgrimage, in particular, was a remarkable display of the unity and strength of the
Muslim community. It showcased the universality of Islam, welcoming people from diverse
backgrounds, and reaffirming that this religion was not bound by race, ethnicity, or social status.
The Prophet’s (peace be upon him) own participation in the Hajj pilgrimage symbolized the
egalitarian essence of Islam, where all believers are equal in the eyes of Allah. This event
emphasized that unity and mutual respect were key principles, setting an enduring precedent for
Muslims to come together harmoniously, regardless of their differences.
The Farewell Sermon, delivered during this pilgrimage, continues to serve as a guiding light. It
comprehensively expounded the core beliefs and values of Islam, encompassing topics such as
the oneness of Allah, the importance of the Quran and Sunnah, kindness, justice, and the
imperativeness of preparing for the afterlife. Its wisdom transcends time, offering Muslims
worldwide a source of timeless guidance and motivation for living lives of piety, virtue, and
compassion.
Although the final illness and eventual passing of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
brought profound sadness to the Muslim community, his legacy endures. He remains the epitome
of a kind, compassionate, and just leader. His unwavering devotion to Allah serves as a model for
devout worship, while his final years were characterized by profound spiritual growth and
learning. This period left a legacy of peace, justice, and compassion that continues to shape the
hearts and minds of Muslims everywhere, fostering a commitment to these values that are at the
core of Islam. The life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) stands as a timeless
source of inspiration, uniting the Muslim community in its dedication to unity, justice, and love
for all of humanity.