Level 1-2 - Geography (Non-Formal) Syllabus

ZIMBABWE
MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
GEOGRAPHY (NON-FORMAL) SYLLABUS

LEVEL I AND II
2015-2022
Curriculum Development Unit

P.O. Box MP133 ©All Rights Reserved
Mount Pleasant
Harare 2015
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valued
contribution in the production of this syllabus:
• National Geography Subject Panel
• Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education Science and Technology
Development
• Representatives from Teachers` Colleges
• Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC)
• Department of Geography and Environmental Science (UZ)
• Department of Science and Mathematics Education (UZ)
• Department of Geography and Environmental Studies (MSU)
• Environmental Management, Renewable Energy and Climate Change Research Centre (HIT)
• Publishers
• United Nations Children’s Education Fund (UNICEF)
ii
• United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
• Civil Protection Department
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... ii
1.0 PREAMBLE .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 RATIONALE .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 ASSUMPTIONS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.5 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES....................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUS ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
AIMS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
TOPICS 13
SCOPE AND SEQUENCE ............................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.1 TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE .........................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2 TOPIC 2: LANDFORMS AND LANDSCAPE PROCESSES...................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.3 TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS ..............................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.4 TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES .................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.5 TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT ..............................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.6 TOPIC 6: MAP WORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS ......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
iii
7.7 TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING ...........................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.8 TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .........................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.9 TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM .................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.10 TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY ...................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.11 TOPIC 11: SETTLEMENT AND POPULATION ........................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.12 TOPIC 12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE ......................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
COMPETENCY MATRIX ...............................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
FORM 1: SYLLABUS ................................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Topic 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE .....................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 2: LANDFORMS AND LANDSCAPE PROCESSES.........................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS ..........................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES ........................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER .....................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 6: MAP WORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING .......................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT....................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM .............................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY ...............................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 11: SETTLEMENT AND POPULATION ................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE ..............................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
FORM 2: SYLLABUS ....................................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE ...............................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
iv
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS ....................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES ..................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT .....................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 6: MAP WORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS ..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING .................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY ..............................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE ..............................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 68
TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES .............................................................................................................................................................................. 70
TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER ................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
TOPIC 6: MAP WORK AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) ................................................................................................... 75
TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING .................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT................................................................................................................................................................. 79
TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 85
TOPIC 11: SETTLEMENT AND POPULATION ............................................................................................................................................................ 87
TOPIC12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE .......................................................................................................................................................................... 92
v
TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE ....................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS ....................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 5: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) ........................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 6: MINERALS AND MINING ............................................................................................................................................................................. 77
TOPIC 7: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TOPIC 9: INDUSTRY ...........................................................................................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
9.0 ASSESSMENT............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 93
(a) Assessment Objectives............................................................................................................................................................................................... 93
b) Scheme of Assessment ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 93
(c) Specification Grid ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 97
vi
PREAMBLE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This Non-Formal syllabus is designed to cover progressively the study of geography from level 1 and 2.
It motivates learners to appreciate their local, national, regional and global geographical space. This will
raise awareness of resource distribution, management and utilisation for the benefit of Zimbabwean
citizens. The syllabus seeks to equip learners with skills, attitudes, values and practical competencies
that enable them to participate in the development of the country. It enables response to challenges by
developing solutions and skills leading to sustainable development. The syllabus recognises individual
special education needs.
1.2 RATIONALE
Geography in the secondary school curriculum will equip learners with skills to understand location,
patterns and processes of phenomena. It is designed to make learners appreciate diversity, valuation,
utilisation and conservation of resources. The learning area gives an opportunity to learners to manipulate
geographical data and make informed decisions in their day to day experiences.
The geography syllabus enables learners to develop the following skills:
 Problem solving
 Critical thinking
7
 Decision making
 Communication
 Technology and innovation
 Graphicacy
The geography learning area comprises both physical and human aspects. It also covers fieldwork, map
interpretation skills and graphicacy.
1.4 ASSUMPTIONS
It is assumed that learners:
 Have a natural desire to explore their environment
 have basic knowledge of direction and location
 constantly interact with weather phenomena in day to day life
 interact with natural resources
 are aware of people engaging in various economic activities
1.5 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES

This phase will develop in learners, skills and an appreciation of:
• environmental issues
8
• safety and health issues
• disaster risk management
• enterprise
• sexuality, HIV and AIDS
• heritage
• climate change
• financial literacy
• gender
• technology
•
PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUS
The Non-Formal Geography Syllabus is a single document covering level 1 and 2.
AIMS
The aims of the syllabus are to:
3.1 equip learners with skills in statistical and cartographic techniques;
3.2 develop practical skills of enquiry, observation, recording and interpretation of geographical
information;
3.3 promote an understanding of environmental management issues;
9
3.4 promote sustainable exploitation, processing and economic use of minerals and other resources;
3.5 develop in learners an understanding of societal issues of HIV and AIDS, climate change and
disaster risk management;
3.6 develop an appreciation of diverse communities and cultures worldwide.
3.7 promote an understanding of environmental patterns, dynamics and relationships.
SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES
By the end of this learning phase learners should be able to:
4.1 demonstrate basic knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) in resource management
4.2 interpret topographical maps, photographs and satellite images.
4.3 collect, analyse and interpret geographical data
4.4 value natural resources in the context of both economic development and environmental protection
4.5 develop technologies in issues of climate change and climate change adaptation
4.6 demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the processes that bring about change in both physical and
human environment
4.7 demonstrate geographical knowledge to create solutions to everyday challenges
4.8 develop in learner’s enterprise skills in resource utilization and conservation
4.9 demonstrate the relationship between physical and human processes in the shaping of geographic space
10
METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION
This syllabus takes into account learner centred approaches and methods. The choice of teaching
methods and approaches should be guided by the principles of inclusivity, relevance, specificity, gender
sensitivity and respect. The following approaches and methods are recommended in the teaching and
learning of geography:
Approaches
The syllabus proposes the use of the concentric, systems and integrated approaches.
The concentric approach: It recommends teaching geography starting from the local environment to the
whole of Zimbabwe, Southern African Development Community region, the rest of Africa and the World.
Systems Approach: It involves the study of inter-relationships of various components in the environment
which make up the whole. The focus is on the inputs, processes and outputs and feedback in a given
system.
The integrated approach: It recommends that related topics should be taught together rather than in
isolation.
5.1 METHODOLOGY
. The following are suggested methods of teaching and learning geography:
11
• Demonstrations
• Field work
• Games
• Simulations
• Debates
• Laboratory work and experiments
• Group work and discussions
• Role-play
• Case studies
• Project based learning
• Educational tours
NB. The above suggested methods should be enhanced by the application of orthodidactic
principles and multi-sensory approaches to teaching. These include tactility, concreteness,
individualisation, self-activity, totality and wholeness. Teachers are encouraged to address the
learners’ residual senses.
5.2 TIME ALLOCATION
The learning area should be allocated at least 2 hours per week per learning area while taking cognisance
that learners should create more time for their own studies.
12
TOPICS
6.1 Weather and Climate

6.2 Landforms
6.3 Ecosystems
6.4 Natural resources
6.5 Energy and Power
6.6 Map work and Geographical Information systems
6. 7 Minerals and mining
6.8 Environmental management
6.9 Agriculture and land reform
6.10 Industry
6.11 Settlement and population
6.12 Transport and trade
13
TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
  Air masses and air masses affecting Zimbabwe
 Weather: elements, instruments, station, and Southern Africa
data and forecasting  Temperate depressions, frontal systems and
 Types of rainfall and distribution tropical cyclones
 Weather hazards  Climate types on global scale and
 Influence of people on weather interpretation of climatic data
 Climate of Zimbabwe and its variability  Human influence on climate
 Climate change
14
TOPIC 2: LANDFORMS
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
 Landforms in the local area, Zimbabwe,  Tectonic processes
Africa and the world  Effects of tectonic processes
 Benefits of these landform  Landforms resulting from water action, river
 Rocks: weathering and resultant processes and wind action
landforms  Hazards associated with landform development
 Internal structure of the earth and processes
continental drift theory  Disaster risk management of volcanoes,
earthquakes, flooding, mass wasting
15
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
 Components of ecosystems and  Biogeochemical cycles
biodiversity  Wetlands
 Tropical ecosystems (biomes)  Conservation and restoration of ecosystem
 Benefits of ecosystems
 Sustainable management of ecosystems  Soils in the tropics
 Ecosystems and entrepreneurship
16
TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES
LEVEL 1 Level 2
 Natural resources concepts: renewable and  Conservation of resources
non-renewable  Wildlife management
 Sustainable use of resources in their local
area
 Population and resource exploitation in
Zimbabwe and Africa
17
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
 Types and sources of energy and their  Conservation of energy sources
economic importance  Energy production and conservation
 Siting of power plants and power
generation
 Environmental impact from generation and
use of different energy types
 Relative importance of using different
energy sources
TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT
18
TOPIC 6: MAPWORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
19
 Characteristics of a good map  Location (Geographical Positioning System) and
 Types of maps world time zones
 Location on maps  Electromagnetic spectrum and remote sensing
 Scale (Photo interpretation)
 Universal symbols  Boolean logic: Venn diagrams and overlay
analysis
 Direction
 Distance and area
 Gradient
 Contour lines, land use types, patterns
and networks
TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
20
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
 Distribution of minerals and mines of  Small scale mining in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe  Processing and beneficiation of minerals in
 Mineralogy, ores and mineral groups Zimbabwe and Africa
 Use and importance of minerals  Health and safety in mining
 Factors influencing mining in Zimbabwe  Sustainable use of mineral resources
 Mining methods and environmental  Environmental impact assessment (EIA) in
impact of mining mining
 Cost-benefit analysis
21
 Aspects of the Environment  Environmental management legislation in TOPIC
8:  State of the environment in Zimbabwe and international protocols and
Zimbabwe and environmental treaties
degradation  Land use planning as a strategy of
 Environmental management sustainable environmental management
 Climate change, adaptation and
mitigation
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
22
TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
 Factors influencing agriculture and agro-  Land tenure
ecological regions in Zimbabwe  Land reform and small scale farmers
 Farming as a system  Climate change and agriculture
 Farming types in Zimbabwe  Agricultural disease, pests and solutions
 Landuse zoning  Urban agriculture and agribusiness
23
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
 Types of industry  Small to medium enterprises and the role of
 Importance of industry in Zimbabwe informal industries in Zimbabwe
 Processing and manufacturing industries • Occupational safety and health in industry
in Zimbabwe • Problems associated with manufacturing and
 Transnational companies (TNCs) processing industries in Zimbabwe
• Tourism and its importance in Zimbabwe
• Problems associated with service and
quaternary industries in Zimbabwe
24
TOPIC 11: SETTLEMENT AND POPULATION
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
 Types of settlements  Basic population terms
 Collection, presentation and interpretation of
 Site and situation of settlements population data
 Rural settlement patterns  Population distribution and density in
 Rural and urban landuse planning Zimbabwe, Africa and the world
legislation  Population growth: Causes and effects
 Urbanisation and urban landuse models  The Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
 Types, causes and effects of migration
 Unplanned urban settlements: effects
 Population policy
and solutions
 Population and diseases
 Disaster resilient infrastructure
25
TOPIC 12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2
 Transport: modes  Regional imbalances in trade
 Zimbabwean transport networks  Trading blocs
 Transport challenges and
solutions
 Trade: domestic and foreign
26
COMPETENCY MATRIX
LEVEL 1: SYLLABUS
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED

Learners should be ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
able to:
Weather: elements,  distinguish  Differences  Measuring and  Weather
instruments, station, between weather between recording weather data instruments
data and forecasting and climate weather and  Note: Schools should  School weather
 describe climate establish and run station
instruments used  Weather functional weather  Print media
to measure elements and stations  Electronic media
weather elements instruments  Determining the  Weather charts
 read and record  Location of a suitability of the  Timber
weather data weather station location of a school  Woodwork tools
 identify the factors  The Stevenson weather station  Resource
influencing the screen  Explaining the persons
location of a  Reading characteristics of a  Local
weather station instruments and Stevenson screen environment
 describe the recording  Making a Stevenson  Jaws software
characteristics of weather data screen  Talking books
the Stevenson  Weather tables  Plotting weather tables
screen graphs and and graphs
27
 make a Stevenson maps  Interpreting weather
screen  Synoptic maps
 draw weather symbols  Drawing synoptic
tables and graphs  Weather symbols
 interpret synoptic statistics  Reading synoptic
symbols charts
 calculate weather  Calculating weather
statistics statistics
 explain weather  Stating the meaning of
forecasting  Weather weather forecasting
 describe the forecasting  Interpreting national
importance of weather forecast
weather s reports
forecasting  Predicting weather
 forecasting  Discussing importance
weather using  Importance of of weather forecasting
Indigenous weather  Gathering information
Knowledge forecasting on use of IKS in
Systems(IKS) weather forecasting
 Indigenous
weather
forecasting
Types of rainfall  identify types of  Precipitation  Listing forms of

and distribution precipitation e.g. rain, snow, precipitation
28
 describe the rainfall and hail  Describing the process
formation  Rainfall of rainfall formation
processes formation Drawing diagrams
 draw annotated processes illustrating relief rainfall,
diagrams of types  Types of convectional rainfall,
of rainfall rainfall, such as and frontal rainfall
relief rainfall,
convectional
rainfall, frontal
rainfall.
Weather hazards  outline weather  Weather  Stating weather

hazards hazards such hazards
 describe causes as floods,  Identifying hazards
and effects of lightning and impacts
weather hazards drought  Determining mitigation
 suggest measures  Causes of measure
to reduce weather weather  Identifying human
hazards hazards activities which
 Weather contribute to changes
hazards impact in local weather
 Mitigation
measures
Influence of  describe how  Effect of human  . Analysing the effects

people on human activities activities on of human activities on
weather contribute to weather such weather
weather changes as
 evaluate the effect deforestation,
of human influence dam
on weather construction,
industrialisation
29
Climate of  describe  Climatic zones  describing climatic
Zimbabwe and its Zimbabwe’s and patterns in zones of Zimbabwe
variability climatic zones Zimbabwe  Discussing
 relate Zimbabwe’s  Climate relationships between
climatic zones to variability in climatic zones and
various economic Zimbabwe economic activities of
activities (temperature Zimbabwe
and rainfall  Discussing climate
anomalies) variability
 Effects of  Examining effects of
climate climate variability
variability  Discussing solutions to
 Solutions to effects of climatic
effects of variability
climate  Note: Learners
variability should continue
recording weather
data
30
TOPIC: 2 LANDFORMS
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Learners should be AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
able to:
Landforms in  identify ● Landforms:  Observing  Local
the local landforms - local area landforms environment
 describe the - regional  Describing  Photographs
area, landforms - Africa landforms  Videos
Zimbabwe,  Identify main - the world  Listing of  Jaws software
Africa and types of rocks  Rock types; landforms  Talking books
the world  Describe the − igneous  Sketching  Rock samples
formation of − sedimentary landforms  Local
each of the − metamorphic  Examining rocks environment
main rock  Origin of rocks  Describing the  Photographs
types formation of  Videos
 describe the rocks
characteristics  Distinguishing
of various rock characteristics of
under each rocks
main rock type  classifying rocks
 classify the under each main
rock types rock type
Benefits of  explain benefits  Benefits of landforms  Discussing 

landforms of landforms benefits of
landforms
 differentiate  Modelling
between landforms and
landforms and landscape in the
31
able to:
landscape local
environment
Rocks:  describe the  Physical/mechanical  Describing the main  Photographs
weathering main types of weathering types of weathering  Sketches
and resultant weathering  Chemical weathering  Distinguishing diagrams
 distinguish  Landforms resulting from between mechanical  Local
landforms between weathering and chemical environment
mechanical − granitic landforms weathering  Model of the
and chemical − karst landform  Sketching landforms earth
weathering resulting from  Maps
 describe weathering
landforms  Observing landforms
resulting from in the local area
weathering
32
able to:
Internal  illustrate with a  The parts of the internal  Drawing the internal
structure of the diagram the structure of the earth structure of the earth
earth and internal structure  crust
continental of the earth  mantle  Modelling the
drift theory  describe the parts  core internal structure of
of the internal the earth
structure of the
earth
33
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS
AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Learners should be
able to:
Components of  Describe meaning of  Components of  Undertaking Field  Maps

ecosystems and systems and ecosystems: survey to determine  Photographs
biodiversity ecosystems biodiversity  Videos
 Identify components  Biotic  Adopting a micro  Local
of the ecosystems  Abiotic environment for environment
 Explain the biodiversity  Satellite images
components of the conservation  Legislation such
ecosystems Participating in as Ecosystems
 Draw food chains and  Food chains,food biodiversity Protection Act
food webs webs and conservation
 Interpret food pyramids projects
chain,food web and
food pyramids  Components of
 Identify components
micro-ecosystem:
of a local micro
-Imputs
ecosystem
-Processes
-outputs
 Species diversity
 identify habitats in a
 Habitat diversity
local ecosystem
 Genetic diversity
34
Tropical  locate biomes in  Equatorial  Describing the
ecosystems Africa rainforest location of individual
(biomes)  identify the inputs,  Tropical savanna biomes on a map.
processes and  Tropical desert  Describing the inputs,
outputs of each biome processes and
 explain the outputs of each
adaptations of biome.
vegetation and  Outlining the
animals in each adaptation of
biome vegetation and
animals in each biome
Sustainable  describe sustainability  Describing  Maps
management of of ecosystem  Concept of ecosystems  Photographs
ecosystems  identify strategies for ecosystem sustainability  Videos
conserving local sustainability  Formulating ways of  Local
forests  Conservation conservation of local environment
 construct fireguards measures against forests  Satellite images
around the school environmental  Participating in Legislation such
 plant trees in the challenges such constructing as Ecosystems
locality as veld fires, fireguards Protection Act
 control local erosion deforestation and  Planting trees and
soil erosion controlling soil erosion
35
Ecosystems and  Identify potential  Potential eco-  Listing potential  Local
entrepreneurship businesses from business businesses from ecosystems
ecosystems  Project on small ecosystems e.g. eco-  Recommended
 Design a small business using tourism textbooks
business using local local ecosystems  Drawing up a
ecosystems business proposal
 Run a small business based on resources
using local ecosystem from local ecosystem
 Running a small
ecosystem-based
business.

Learners should be
able to:
36
Natural resources  classify resource  Renewable and  Classifying  Maps
concepts: renewable into renewable non-renewable resources into  Charts
and non-renewable and non- resources renewable and  Print media
renewable non-renewable  Magazines
 Growth of  Discussing the  ZimStat
 describe the population and growth of  Local
growth of its effects on population and environment
population and its resources effects on
effects on resources
resources
Sustainable use of  describe how  Sustainable  Discussing

resources in their local resources can be exploitation of sustainable
area extracted resources extraction of
sustainably in resources
their locality
Population and resource  describe the  Discussing the

exploitation in factors factors
Zimbabwe and Africa influencing influencing the
exploitation of exploitation of
natural resources natural resources
TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT

able to:
37
Types and sources  list types of energy  Energy  Identifying fuel  Local environment
of energy and their  identify sources of  Renewable: types  Photographs
economic energy -solar  Describing  Videos
 describe uses of -biogas sources of 
importance energy -water renewable and  Local environment
 explain the -wood fuel non renewable  Photographs
importance of -wind energy  Videos
energy in economic  Non-renewable  Discussing the  Local environment
activities fossil fuels: role of energy in  Photographs
 examine the -coal economic  Videos
advantages and -Petroleum development  Jaws software
disadvantages of -Natural gas  Comparing and  Talking books
using different -Nuclear energy contrasting
 Photographs
types of energy  Importance of energy in different energy
 Videos
agriculture, mining, and types
manufacturing  Local environment
 Advantages and  Print media
 Electronic media
disadvantages of using
different sources of
energy
Siting of power  state factors  Siting of power  Identifying the 

plants and power affecting siting of plants factors affecting
generation power plants  Location of hydro siting of power
 describe the siting electric power plants
of power plants  Nuclear and thermal  Discussing
 Describe types of plants (including possible power
power generation geothermal) plants
 Explain the  Thermal power
38
processes of power generation
generation (geothermal, gas,
coal)
 Solar
 HEP
 Wind
 Nuclear
Environmental  Explain the  energy and  Discussing uses 

impact from environmental environment: of energy
generation and use impact of types of - pollution  Undertaking
energy - deforestation educational tours
of different energy  Outline measures - climate change  Describing
types to mitigate  Mitigation environmental
 describe types of - Reforestation impact of types
power generation - Afforestation of energy
 explain the - Use of clean  Discussing
processes of power energy processes of
generation mitigatioin
Relative importance of  explain the  Energy and environment:  Discussing uses 

using different energy environmental -Pollution of energy
sources impact of types of -Deforestation  Undertaking
energy -Climate change educational tours
 outline measures to  Mitigation  Describing
mitigate -Reforestation environmental
-A forestation impact of types
-Use of clean energy of energy
 Discussing
processes of
mitigation
39
TOPIC 6: MAPWORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED SUGGESTE

NOTES AND D
ACTIVITIES RESOURCE
S
Characteristics of a  list the components of a  Components of a good map  Outlining the
map good map. − Title components of a  Ordinanc
 identify the components − Grid/ gratitude good map e survey
of a good map on a given − Direction information  Finding the Maps
map − Legend/ Key components of a  Atlases
− Scale good map on a  Magnetic
− Cartographer given map compass
− Co-ordinate reference es
system
Types of maps  outline the characteristics  Major types of maps  Listing the
of the major types of − Topographical maps characteristics of
maps. − Political the major types
 classify map into the − Physical of maps
major types − Economic  Categorising
maps into major
types
40
Location on maps  determine the longitude  Co-ordinate systems  Mapping the
and latitude of a point in - geographic co-ordinate location of home
degrees system and school
 establish the longitude - Universal Transverse  Locating features
and latitude of a point Mercator co-ordinate on a map
using metres system (Thirteen figure
grid reference)
Scale  draw a sketch map  The concept of scale  Outlining the
showing locality of school  Importance of scale concept of scale
and home.  Types of scale  Explaining the
 explain the concept of - simple statement scale importance of
scale - representative fraction scale
 describe the importance - linear scale  Listing the types
of scale  Use of scale for producing of scale
 outline types of scale simple maps  Differentiating
 distinguish among the the types of
types of scale scale
 demonstrate the use of  Drawing simple
scale in drawing simple maps using scale
maps.
Universal symbols  draw universal symbols  Common universal symbols  Illustrating

 Interpret universal  Interpretation of universal phenomena
symbols on maps symbols on maps using universal
symbols
 Explaining
universal
symbols
41
Direction  explain the concept of  The concept of direction  Describing the
direction  Compass directions concept of
 illustrate compass  Bearing direction
directions  Magnetic compasses and  Outlining
 calculate bearings their use compass
 navigate using magnetic directions
compasses  Computing
bearings
 Finding
directions using
magnetic
compasses

Distance and area  measure distances using  Measurement of straight  Finding straight
various methods and winding distances on and winding
 demonstrate the use of maps: distances on
the Pythagoras theorem - string maps
in the calculation of - straight edged piece of  Calculating
distance paper distances using
 estimate area on maps - pair of dividers the Pythagoras
using grid squares and  Calculation of straight theorem
graph paper distances
 Estimate area on maps  Estimation of area on maps  Finding area on
using grid squares and  Estimation of area on maps maps using
graph paper graphs paper
and grid squares
Gradient  describe the concept of  The concept of gradient  Explaining the
gradient  Calculation of gradient concept of
 calculate gradient of a  Interpretation of gradient gradient
42
slope data  Finding the
 apply gradient data to gradient of a
understand phenomena slope
on the map  Describing the
phenomena on a
map using
gradient data
Contour lines, land  describe the concept of  The concept of contour lines  Explaining the  Ordinanc
use types, patterns contour lines  Determination of altitude concept of e survey
and networks  determine altitude using using contour lines contour lines maps
contour lines  Identification of landforms  Finding altitude  Atlases
 identify landforms using using contour patterns using contour
contour patterns  Types of land use lines
 describe types of land  Factors influencing land use  Identifying land
use on a map patterns use types on
 explain determinants of  Identification of land use maps
land use zoning on a map patterns on maps  Outlining
 identify land use patterns  Types of land use patterns: determinants of
on a map -point data land use patterns
 describe types of land -polygon/area data on maps
use patterns -line data  Outlining land
 explain processes uses from maps
 Processes influencing land  Recognising land
influencing land use
use patterns on maps use patterns on a
patterns
map
 Explaining types
of land use
patterns
 Describing the
43
determinants of
land use patterns

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED SUGGESTED
Learners should be NOTES AND RESOURCES
able to: ACTIVITIES
Distribution of  Identify mines and  Zimbabwe’s geological  Drawing maps Geological maps
minerals and minerals in formations showing mines Mineral samples
mines of Zimbabwe  Mines and minerals in and mineral Local mines
44
Zimbabwe  Describe the Zimbabwe distribution in Photographs of minerals
distribution of  Distribution of mines Zimbabwe Recommended
mines and and minerals in  Describing the textbooks
minerals in Zimbabwe distribution of
Zimbabwe mines and
 Zimbabwe’s minerals in
geological Zimbabwe
formations  Touring mines
 Mines and
minerals in
Zimbabwe
 Distribution of
mines and
minerals in
Zimbabwe
Mineralogy, ores  List precious  Precious minerals in  Identifying
and mineral minerals in Zimbabwe precious
groups Zimbabwe  Ores and mineral minerals in
 Identify ores and groups Zimbabwe
mineral groups  Gold panning on  Identifying
 Identify methods Zimbabwe: minerals
used in - Prospecting  Discussing the
prospecting for methods (including characteristics
gold IKS) of ores and
 Describe physio- - Physio-chemical mineral groups
chemical properties of in Zimbabwe
properties of alluvial minerals  Investigating
alluvial minerals - Mining methods methods used
 Identify methods - Problems to prospect for
used in gold associated with gold
panning gold panning  Describing
 Outline problems - Measures to methods used
45
associated with increase the in gold panning
gold panning contribution of gold  Touring gold
 Suggest measures panning to the panning sites
to increase the national economy  Devising
contribution of measures to
gold panning to increase the
the national contribution of
economy gold panning
proceeds to the
economy
 Testing for gold,
diamond, tin
etc.
NB Learners
should test for the
properties of one
mineral in the
laboratory
Use and  Describe the  The economic  Discussing the
importance of economic importance of minerals economic
minerals importance of in Zimbabwe importance of
minerals in minerals in
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
Factors  Describe the term  Mining  Discussing the  Mining maps

influencing mining mining  Factors influencing meaning of  Models of mining
in Zimbabwe  Describe the mining mining methods
factors influencing  Explaining the  Print media
mining in factors  The Internet
Zimbabwe influencing  Videos on mining
mining methods
46
 Mines (including
panning sites)
 Photographs
 Gold panners
 Testing kits
Mining methods  Describe the  Methods of mining:  Discussing the  Mineral samples
and environmental mining methods in - Surface mining  Recommended
impact of mining Zimbabwe - Underground methods: textbooks
 Describe the  Environmental impact Advantages and  Mineral testing kits
environmental of mining disadvantages
impact of mining  Mitigation and of each
 Identify mitigation rehabilitation of a  Discussing
measures mining area environmental
 Identify mining impact of mining
area rehabilitation  Touring a local
measures mine to study
 environmental
impact of mining
and discussing
solutions
 Developing a
sustainable
environmental
management
plan
47
TOPIC 8:ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

able to:
Aspects of the  Identify  Aspect of the  Explaining  Photographs
Environment aspects of the environment aspects of the  Videos
environment - Land environment  Talking books
 Describe - Water  JAWS software
aspect of the - air  Local environment
environment  Resource persons
 EMA Act
 ZINWA Act
 Water Act
 Park and Wildlife
Act
 Forestry Act
 Recommended
textbooks
State of the  Describe the  Environment  Observing the  Local environment
environment in state of the - Pristine state of the  Photographs
Zimbabwe and environment - Degraded environment  Videos
environmental  Distinguish  Forms of  Discussing the  Resources
degradation between environmental pristine and
48
pristine and degradation such as: degraded persons
degraded - Veld fires environment  Climate policy
state of the - Soil erosion  Outlining forms document
environment - Silting of rivers of  Climate change
 Describe - Rivers changing environmental response strategy
forms of courses degradation document
environmental - Gulleys  Debating
degradation - Uncontrolled mining causes of
 Describe - Uncontrolled sand environmental
causes of abstraction degradation
environmental - Deforestation  Discussing
degradation - Destruction of effects of
 Explain effects wetlands environmental
of - Water pollution degradation
environmental - Air pollution  Explaining
degradation - Poor waste ways of
 Outline management mitigating
mitigation practices environmental
measures - Other forms such degradation
as noise and graffiti
 Social, economic and
physical effects
 Mitigation of
environmental
degradation
Environmental  Outline the  Management of:  Investigating 

management indigenous - Land IKS on
knowledge - Water environmental
systems (IKS) - Air management
in - wildlife  Discussing
environmental environmental
49
management management
 Explain the  Developing
environmental environmental
management management
concept plan
Climate  Identify impact  Impact on:  Discussing  Climate change

change, of climate - Land impact of response strategy
adaptation and change on the - Soil climate change document
mitigation environment - vegetation on the  Climate policy
 Explain pros - water quality and environment document
and cons of quantity  Debating pros  Resource persons
the climate - Air quality and cons of
change  Negative and positive climate change
 Describe impact impact in
climate  Climate change Zimbabwe
change mitigation – targeting  Identifying
mitigation people and climate change
measures environment mitigation
measures
TOPIC 9:AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM

able to:
Factors  Explain  Regions 1 to 6:  Identifying 
influencing agriculture - Location regions on a
agriculture  Identify - Characteristics map of
50
and agro- types of - Farming activities Zimbabwe
ecological agriculture  Outlining the
regions in  Explain characteristics of
Zimbabwe factors each region
influencing  Identifying the
agriculture farming activities
 Draw of each region
Zimbabwe’s
agroecologic
al regions
 Describe the
characteristi
cs of each
region
 Explain the
farming
activities of
each region
Farming as  Name the  Inputs, processes and outputs  Listing elements

a system elements of of a farm
a farm as a  Differentiating
system classes of inputs
 Classify  Tabulating
inputs into elements of a
physical, communal farm
human and
economic
 Identify
elements of
a communal
farm
51
Farming  Identify the  Characteristics of farming types  Classifying  Local farms
types in dominant - Subsistence farming types in  Map showing
Zimbabwe farming * Benefits and challenges Zimbabwe farming in
types in - Communal farming in  Outlining Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe characteristics of  Photographs of
 Explain the - Commercial each farming farms or
characteristi * Dairying type in farming
cs of each * Horticulture/ Market Zimbabwe activities
farming type gardening
* Cattle ranching
* Mixed farming
* Plantation and irrigation
farming
Landuse  Identify  Landuse zones such as:  Drawing different 
zoning landuse - Arable land landuse zones
zones in a - Grazing land on maps
community - Residential land  Explaining
 Justify the  Landuse legislation such as the landuses in the
need for town and country planning act local community
zoning  Justifying each
 Outline landuse zone
suitability of  Touring farms
land for a
particular
landuse
52
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY

able to:
Types of  Describe  Industry  Describing  Maps
industry industry  Types of indust industry  Charts
 Describe types primary, secondary,  Describing  Newspaper
of industry tertiary and quaternary types of  Talking books
industry  JAWS software
 Recommended
textbooks
Importance of  Explain the  Importance of industry  Discussing
industry in importance of importance of
Zimbabwe industry industry
 Touring local
industries
Processing and  Describe the  Distribution of  Describing the  Charts

manufacturing distribution of industries in Zimbabwe distribution of  Photographs
industries in industries in  Factors influencing the industries in  Local industry
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe location of industries Zimbabwe  Maps
 Explain factors  Discussing
influencing the factors
location of influencing
industries location of
industry
53
 Identifying
types of
industrial
location
 Explaining the
factors
influencing the
location of a
local industry
 Touring a local
industrial site
Transnational  Describe  Transnational  Explaining the
companies transnational Corporations concept of
(TNCs) corporations  Advantages and TNCs
 Discuss the disadvantages of  Describing the
advantages and TNCs advantages and
disadvantages disadvantages
of TNCs of TNCs
54

able to:
Types of  Identify different  Characteristics of rural  Observing nature  Local environment
settlements types of settlements of settlements in  Photographs
settlement  Characteristics of the local area  JAWS software
 Describe the urban settlements  Discussing  Maps
characteristic differences  Resource persons
features of between rural  Acts of Parliament
different and urban  Constitution of
settlement settlements Zimbabwe
types  Debating  Recommended
advantages and textbooks
disadvantages of
living either in
rural or urban
settlement
Site and  Distinguish site  Site and situation  Distinguishing
situation of and situation of factors site and situation
settlements a settlement  Nucleation of a settlement
 Outline general  Dispersion (rural or urban)
site factors of  Describing the
settlements site of a local
 Identify site settlement / rural
factors that area you are
55
influenced the familiar to
location a local
settlement
 Explain the
importance of
situation in the
growth of
settlements
Rural  Describe rural  Rural settlement  Describing
settlement settlement patterns arrangement of
patterns patterns dwelling units in
the local area
(rural or urban)
 Drawing rural
settlement
patterns
Rural and urban  List laws  Regional, town and  Describing 
landuse governing rural country Act landuse planning
planning and urban  Rural councils Act laws
legislation landuse in  Discussing the
Zimbabwe main issues in
landuse planning
laws
Urbanisation  Explain the  Causes of urbanisation  Discussing  Graphs
and urban causes of  Process of causes of  Tables
landuse models urbanisation urbanisation urbanisation  Local urban centre
 Describe the  Effects of urbanisation  Explaining the  Photographs
process of  Urban landuse zones: process of  Videos
urbanisation - CBD urbanisation  Print media
 Describe effects - Industrial zone  Debating effects  Electronic media
of urbanisation - Residential zone of urbanisation  Unplanned
56
 Suggest - Recreational zones  Identifying settlements
solutions to  Landuse models: solutions to
problems of - Concentric problems of
urbanisation - Sector urbanisation
 Describe urban - Multiple nuclei  Matching models
landuse zones to actual towns in
 Outline the Zimbabwe
main features of  Undertaking an
different educational tour/
landuse models trip to an urban
area
Unplanned  State  Nature of unplanned  Undertaking an 

urban characteristics settlements educational tour
settlements: of unplanned  Distribution of to unplanned
effects and urban unplanned settlements settlements
solutions settlements within urban  Identifying
 Describe the settlements characteristics of
location  Causes of unplanned unplanned
unplanned settlements in urban settlements
settlements areas  Explaining the
within urban  Unplanned settlements distribution of
centres and the environment unplanned
 Explain causes  Socio-economic settlements
of unplanned impact of unplanned  Identifying
settlements settlements effects of
 Outline effects  Measures to solve unplanned
of unplanned problems of unplanned settlements
settlements settlements  Discussing
 Suggest solutions to the
measures to challenges of
57
solve problems unplanned
of unplanned settlements
settlements
Disaster  Identify the  Housing designs and  Observing local
resilient main features of materials infrastructure
infrastructure disaster resilient  Factors to consider designs
infrastructure when siting  Suggesting
 Describe factors settlements examples of
considered in disaster resilient
siting infrastructure
settlements
TOPIC 12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE

able to:
Transport:  Describe  Modes of transport:  Describing  Maps showing

modes transport - Air transport as a transport
 Identify modes of - Railway concept networks
transport - Road  Listing modes of  Photographs
 Explain changes - Water transport  Airports
in modes of - Pipeline  Touring transport  Road ports
transport in  Advantages and convergence  Sea ports
recent times disadvantages centres such as
 Explain the road ports and
advantages and airports
58
disadvantages of  Outlining
modes of advantages and
transport disadvantages of
different modes of
transport
Zimbabwean  Explain the  Transport networks and  Mapping or
transport different analysis drawing of
networks transport transport networks
networks in of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe,  Describing
region and transport networks
Africa in Zimbabwe,
 Draw transport region and Africa
networks  Identifying
 Calculate networks from
transport maps
indices  Drawing transport
 Interpret flow line diagrams
transport  Calculating
indices transport indices
 Interpreting
transport indices
Transport  Discuss  Transport challenges  Discussing

challenges and solutions to and solutions solutions to
solutions transport transport
challenges
Trade:  Explain trade  Trade as a result of  Maps showing
domestic and  Describe trade demand in one place  Identifying what trade patterns and
foreign patterns in being met by supply from necessitates trade volumes
Zimbabwe, another  Outlining trade
patterns
59
SADC, Africa  Trade patterns in  Drawing trade
and the world Zimbabwe, SADC, Africa diagrams showing
 Outline the and the world trade patterns
characteristics  Domestic and foreign  Interpreting trade
of domestic and trade graphs
foreign trade
 Differentiate  Outlining the
domestic and characteristics of
foreign trade domestic and
foreign trade
 Discussing the
differences between
domestic and
foreign trade
60
COMPETENCY MATRIX
LEVEL 2

Learners should be able to: AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Air masses and air  describe an air mass  Air mass  Describing an  Videos
masses affecting  classify air masses  Classification of air mass  Maps of
Zimbabwe and Southern  describe types of air air masses  Describing Zimbabwe,
Africa masses and their  Characteristics of the basis for Africa and
characteristics types of air classifying air the World
 interpret climatic masses masses  Climatic
graphs and tables  Climatic data  Discussing tables
 describe weather the types and  Charts
associated with air characteristic  Synoptic
masses affecting s of air maps
Zimbabwe and masses
Southern Africa  Describing
climatic tables
and graphs
61
 describe weather  Air masses  Identifying air
conditions affecting masses affecting
associated with Zimbabwe and Zimbabwe
the Inter-Tropical Southern Africa  Describing the
Convergence zone (south-east, north- weather
east and north- associated with
west trade winds) air masses
 Weather affecting
associated with air Zimbabwe and
masses affecting Southern Africa
Zimbabwe and  Illustrating the
Southern Africa position of the
 The Inter-Tropical ITCZ in Africa in
Convergence January and July
Zone(ITCZ)
62
Temperate  describe factors  Development of  Discussing  Maps
depressions, frontal influencing the temperate structure and  Photographs
systems and tropical development and depressions development of  Charts
cyclones distribution of  Types of fronts temperate
temperate and related depressions
depressions weather  Identifying types
 describe weather  Distribution and of fronts and their
associated with development of associated
different types of tropical cyclones weather
fronts  Weather  Describing the
 discuss the conditions and distribution and
distribution and hazards development of
development of associated with tropical cyclones
tropical cyclones tropical cyclones  Explaining
 explain weather weather
hazards
associated with
tropical cyclones
Climate types on a  explain the basis  Climatic types and  Discussing the
global scale and for climatic characteristics on basis for climatic
interpretation of classification on a a global scale i.e. classification on a
climatic data global scale tropical climates, global scale
 describe warm temperate  Drawing maps of
characteristics of climates and polar Africa showing
world’ s climatic climates major climatic
regions  Climatic data regions
 interpret climatic  Describing
graphs and tables climatic tables
and graphs
63
Human influence on  identify human  Human influence  conditions and
climate activities on climate such as hazards
influencing climate afforestation, associated with
desertification, tropical cyclones
dam construction  Identifying human
activities
influencing
climate
Climate change  describe the  Nature, causes  Discussing the

nature, causes and effects of nature, causes
and effects of climate change and effects of
climate change in  Adaptation to climate change
Zimbabwe and the climatic change  Identifying ways
world at large  Mitigation against of adaptation and
 identify ways of climate change mitigation against
adaptation and climate change
mitigation against
climate change
64
TOPIC 2: LANDFORMS AND LANDSCAPE PROCESSES
able to:
Tectonic  outline the  The continental drift theory  Identifying evidence of the
Processes continental drift  Plate tectonics continental drift theory
theory  Plate boundaries:  Illustrating constructive,
 describe tectonic − Constructive/Divergent destructive and
movement − Destructive/Convergent conservative boundaries
 explain − Transform  Discussing implications of
implications of  Folding and resultant plate movements
plate tectonic landforms  Illustrating landforms
movements on  Faulting and resultant resulting from folding and
climate landforms faulting
 Describe processes  Volcanoes and Earthquakes  Outlining the distribution of
of folding and volcanoes and
faulting earthquakes
 Describe resultant
landforms
 outline the
distribution of
volcanoes and
earthquakes
 explain the
causes of
volcanoes and
earth quakes
Effects of  identify effects of  Effects of volcanic activity  Explaining the effects of

tectonic volcanic activity and earthquakes volcanic activity and
65
processes and earthquakes earthquake
66
Landforms  describe the  Seasonal nature of rivers in  Labelling of rivers in
resulting from nature of seasonal Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
water action, water flow in rivers
river  explain river  Processes operating along a
processes and processes in river channel  Explaining the processes
wind action shaping the  Landforms resulting from river operating along a river
landscape processes: channel
 describe landforms − valleys  Describing landforms
resulting from river − meanders resulting from river
processes − waterfalls processes:
 describe the − rapids − valleys
characteristics of  Characteristics of arid and − meanders
arid and semi-arid semi-arid regions − waterfall
regions  Distribution of arid and semi- − rapids etc.
 explain the arid regions  Discussing characteristics
distribution of arid  Wind action processes such of arid and semi-arid
and semi-arid as erosion, transportation and regions
regions deposition  Describing factors
 explain the  Landforms resulting from influencing location and
processes of wind wind action in Zimbabwe and extent of arid and semi-
action Africa arid areas in Zimbabwe
 describe the and Africa
landforms resulting  Explaining wind action
from wind action processes of erosion,
transportation and
disposition
 Describing the formation
of landforms from wind
action
67
Hazards  describe the  Hazards associated with  Describing hazards
associated with hazards landforms development associated with landform
landform associated with development
development landform
processes development
Disaster risk  identify methods  Disaster risk management of:  Discussing disaster risk
management of disaster risk − volcanoes management of
of volcanoes, management of − earthquakes volcanoes, earth quakes,
earthquakes, volcanoes, − flooding flooding and mass wasting
flooding, mass earthquake − mass wasting
wasting flooding and mass
wasting
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS

Biogeochemical  explain the  Biogeochemical  Describing  Local
cycles biogeochemical cycles cycles (Nutrient biogeochemical ecosystems
 outline the importance cycle, Nitrogen cycle cycles  Photographs
of biogeochemical and Carbon cycle)  Discussing the  Electronic media
cycles in the importance of the  Print media
ecosystem cycles to the
ecosystems
Wetlands  explain the  Importance of  Describing the  Wetlands
importance of wetlands importance of
wetlands wetlands
 outline the benefits of  Benefits of wetland  Discussing the
68
wetlands areas benefits of
wetlands
Conservation and  identify methods of  Conservation  Explaining the  EMA Act
restoration of conservation methods such as: methods of  Degraded
ecosystems  outline the benefits of - terracing conservation environment
restoring ecosystems - use of alternative  Discussing the
 explain the methods sources of energy such methods of
of restoring as biogas, solar restoration
ecosystems - destocking  Explaining the
- legislation benefits of
- IKS restoring the
 Restoration methods ecosystems
such as:  Adopting
- gully reclamation degraded local
- grass planting ecosystems and
- tree planting rehabilitating
them
Benefits of  explain the  Benefits such as  Discussing the

ecosystems importance of - timber benefits of
ecosystems - carbon sinks ecosystems
- oxygen
- fruits/honey
- reduce soil erosion
- humus
- medicines
- increase in
69
precipitation
Soils in the tropics  identify components of  Components of soil:  describing the  Soil samples
soil − air components of  Instruments to
 measure soil − organic matter soil measure soil
components − water and  collecting soil components
 analyse soil − minerals samples  Soil profile in
components  Soil forming  measuring soil the local area
 describe the processes processes: components  Soil samples
of gleisation and − gleisation  drawing tables  Litmus paper
cheluviation − cheluviation and graphs from
 name type of soils  Soil types findings
formed through soil − sand  analysing findings
forming processes in the − clay  Explaining the
tropics − loam process of
 explain soil profiles  Soil profile gleisation and
 identify soil properties  Soil properties: cheluviation
 describe horizons in the − texture  Differentiating
soil profile − structure soil types
− colour  Identifying
− pH (digging) the soil
− organic content profile in the
− mineral content local area
 Discussing the
soil properties
 Drawing the soil
profile
 Testing the pH
70
Conservation of  describe resources  Resources  Undertaking field  Maps
resources conservation  conservation trip /tour  Print media
measures methods of:  Identifying ways  CITES
 identify ways of − fish of conserving  Reserves and
conserving resources − water resources sanctuaries
− soil
 Wildlife parks
− forest
 Local
environment
 CAMPFIRE
districts such as
Mbire, Mahoney,
Hurungwe
Wildlife management  describe wildlife  Types of wildlife  Discussing
management management advantages and
 identify advantages of − Game parks disadvantages of
wildlife management − Conservancies wildlife
− Safari areas management
− Sanctuaries
− National parks
71
 distinguish problem-  Human-wildlife  Listing problem
animals from conflict animals and
dangerous animals  Causes of human- dangerous
 identify the causes of wildlife conflict animals
human-wildlife conflict  Solutions to  Explaining the
 suggest solutions to human- causes of human-
human wildlife conflict  wildlife conflict wildlife conflict
 give reasons for the  CAMPFIRE  Discussing the
establishment of the  Benefits of  solutions to
CAMPFIRE CAMPFIRE human-wildlife
 discuss the benefits of  Sustainability of conflict
the CAMPFIRE  Identifying
CAMPFIRE
reasons for the
 discuss the
establishment of
sustainability of CAMPFIRE
CAMFIRE  Explaining the
benefits of
CAMPFIRE
 Discussing
sustainability of
CAMPFIRE
 Note: Refer to a
specific case
study in
Zimbabwe.
72
TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER

Learners should be able AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
to:
Conservation of  explain how energy  Energy conservation  Explaining  Local environment
energy sources sources can be methods: energy  Policies and
conserved -Increased use of conservation strategies such as:
public transport  Participating in - Renewable
-Use of renewable conservation energy policy
energy sources (wind, activities such - Bio-fuels policy
biogas, Hydro- as tree planting - Climate policy
electric power, and recycling - Climate change
solar power) response
strategy
73
Energy  analyse types of  Production of energy  Conducting
production and energy used and in the local area survey on
conservation conservation  Conservation energy
measures measures: conservation in
undertaken in the − reforestation the local area
local area − use of energy  Making energy
efficient conserving
technologies technologies
− project on energy such as: -
efficient biogas digester
technologies and tsotso
stove
Note:
Learners are
encouraged to
form energy
conserving
clubs
74
TOPIC 6: MAP WORK AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

able to:
Location (Global  explain the  The concept of GPS  Describing how  GPS units
Positioning System) concept of GPS  Navigation using GPS works  Smart phones
and world time zones  apply GPS GPS  Navigating using  Q GIS software
technology in  World time zones GPS (open source)
navigation - Calculating time  Finding the time  Computers
 calculate time using longitude zone of a location  The Internet –
using longitude Google earth/ Flash
earth
The Electromagnetic  describe the  The concept of light  Explaining the
spectrum and remote concept of light as as a wave concept of light as a
sensing (Photo a wave  The visible wave wave
interpretation)  explain the visible bands of the  Describing the
wave bands of electromagnetic visible wave bands
the spectrum of the
electromagnetic  Application of the
electromagnetic
spectrum electromagnetic
 apply the spectrum in the spectrum
electromagnetic interpretation of  Demonstrating the
spectrum in the photographs. ability to use the
interpretation of electromagnetic
photographs spectrum in the
interpretation of
photographs
75
Boolean logic: Venn  describe the basic  Boolean logic  Explaining the basic
Diagrams and overlay functions of - intersection functions of Boolean
analysis Boolean logic - union logic.
 apply the Boolean - complement
 Using Boolean logic
logic in solving  Application of
basics to interpret
simple spatial Boolean logic in
spatial problems
solving simple
problems
spatial problems
 describe the  The concept of
concept of overlay overlay analysis
 Explaining the
analysis  Use of relational concept of overlay
 apply relational and statements in analysis
overlay analysis
conditional  Using relational and
statements in  Use of conditional conditional
statements in statements in overlay
overlay analysis
overlay analysis analysis.
76

Learners should be able ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
to:
Small scale  describe small  Small scale  Discussing small  Maps
mining in scale mining mining scale mining  Charts
Zimbabwe  describe the  Contribution of  Discussing the  Print media
contribution of small scale contribution of small  Internet
small scale mining mining to the scale mining to the  Mines and Minerals Act
to the economy of economy of economy.  Environmental
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe  Identifying challenges Management Act
 explain the  Challenges and and solutions to small  NASSA Act
challenges and solutions scale mining.  EMA officials
solutions to small  Legislative  Researching on legal Resource persons
scale mining framework on requirements on
 outline the mining and mining and mining
legislative mining rights rights
framework on
mining and mining
rights
77
Processing and  explain the  The processing  Discussing the  Print media
beneficiation of processing of of selected processing of  Videos
minerals in selected minerals minerals in selected minerals in  Mines
Zimbabwe and in Zimbabwe and Zimbabwe and Zimbabwe and Africa  EIA guidelines
Africa Africa Africa  Discussing the  EIA experts
 describe the  The beneficiation importance of  Maps
importance of of minerals in beneficiation of  Ministry of mines
beneficiation of Zimbabwe minerals
minerals in
Zimbabwe
 explain the  Issues of safety  Discussing safety and

Health and importance of and health in health issues in
safety in mining safety and health mining mining
issues in mining
Sustainable use  explain sustainable  Sustainable use  Discussing
of mineral use of mineral of mineral sustainable use of
resources resources resources such resources
as, reuse and
recycling
Environmental  describe  Environmental  Discussing
Impact environmental impact environmental impact
Assessment impact assessment in assessment in mining
(EIA) in mining assessment mining  Discussing the
 describe the  The importance importance of
importance of of environmental environmental impact
environmental impact assessment in mining
impact assessment in
assessment in mining
mining
78
Cost-benefit  explain the cost-  Cost-benefit  Calculating cost-
analysis (CBA) benefit analysis analysis benefit for a
concept hypothetical mining
 describe the project
importance of the  Discussing the
cost-benefit importance of cost-
analysis in mining benefit analysis
TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Learners should be able
to:
Environmental  explain  Environmental  Interpreting key  Constitution of

management environmental management provisions of Zimbabwe
legislation in management legislation environmental  Environmental
Zimbabwe and legislation  Effectiveness management Management Act
international  assess the of legislation  Ecosystems
effectiveness of environmental  Explaining the Protection Act
protocols and
requisite management effectiveness of  Photographs
treaties environmental
legislation on legislation  Videos
environmental  Challenges management  Resource persons
management and Solutions legislation  international
 discuss challenges  international  Discussing treaties and
and solutions of treaties and challenges and protocols
implementing protocols in solutions of
79
environmental environmental implementing such as:
management management environmental - UN Framework
legislation  pros and cons management Convention on
 Identify of legislation Climate Change
international domesticating  discussing - Kyoto Protocol
treaties and international international - Montreal Protocol
protocols relevant treaties and treaties and - Bamako
to environmental protocols protocols Convention
management  domestication - Basel Convention
 discuss pros and (applying - Zambezi River
cons of international Basin Action Plan
domesticating treaties and
 Landuse related
international protocols to
legislation such as
treaties and Zimbabwe’s
: Regional, Town
protocols environment
and Country
legislative
Planning Act
framework
 debating on pros
and cons of
domesticating
international
treaties and
protocols
Land use planning  describe land use  Land use  Explaining land
as a strategy for planning planning in use planning in
sustainable  explain land use Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
environmental planning as a  Describing land
management strategy for use planning as a
 Land use
sustainable strategy for
planning as a
80
environmental strategy for sustainable
management sustainable environmental
environmental management
 identify challenges
management  Outlining
in land use
 challenges in challenges in land
planning
land use use planning
 suggest mitigation
planning  Discussing
measures
 Mitigation mitigation
measures: - measures.
- Risk
informed
land use
planning
- Related
policies and
legislation
TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM
81
Learners should ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
be able to:
Land ten  describe land  Land tenure systems  Explaining land tenure  Title deeds and
ure tenure - Free-hold  Listing land tenure types lease
 identify forms of - Leasehold  Describing characteristics agreements
land tenure in - Communal of each tenure system forms
Zimbabwe - State-owned  Giving advantages and  Charts
 explain  Advantages and disadvantages disadvantages of each illustrating
characteristics land tenure system models of
of each land resettlement
tenure system  Resettlement
 compare land farms
tenure systems  Newly resettled
farmers
Land reform  describe land  Reorganisation of land  Discussing land reform
and small reform - Land tenure  Debating the need for land
scale farmers  explain forms of - Landuse reform
land reform  land consolidation  Explaining forms of land
 identify reasons  land fragmentation reform
for land reform  Resettlement:  Justifying land reform in
in Zimbabwe - Phase1 (the willing seller Zimbabwe
 explain the land willing buyer) and Phase 2  Explaining land reform in
reform process (accelerated) Zimbabwe
in Zimbabwe * Aims  Touring resettlement
 outline the * Processes farms
contribution of * Outcomes  Discussing the
small-scale * Challenges and solutions contribution of small scale
farming to food * Characteristics of farming to food security
security resettlement models
82
be able to:
 Small scale farming and food
security
Climate  deduce the  Effects of climate change on  Identifying the effects of  Climate change
change and effects of agriculture climate change on simulation data
agriculture climate change  Mitigation in agriculture agriculture worldwide,  World map
on agriculture  Adaptation  Discussing mitigation showing possible
 suggest  Outlining measures for effects
mitigation each effect  Photographs
measures  Suggesting adaptation  Pests
 assemble measures for Zimbabwe  Farms
possible and Southern Africa  Electronic media
adaptation
measures
Agricultural • identify • Diseases  Naming diseases and
diseases, agricultural • Pests pests
pests and diseases and • Effects of pests and diseases on  Discussing the effect of
solutions pests productivity pests and diseases on
• describe the • Biological and chemical Control productivity
effects of pests  identifying control methods
and diseases  Touring farms
• suggest
manual,
biological and
chemical control
measures
83
be able to:
Urban  evaluate ● Urban agriculture ● assessing urban  Agribusiness
Agriculture advantages - nature agriculture  Internet
and and - advantages ● explaining problems of  Videos on
agribusiness disadvantag - disadvantages urban agriculture small
es of urban - problems of urban ● discussing solutions to Agribusiness
agriculture agriculture problems of urban es
 identify ● solutions for urban agriculture agriculture
problems of  Forms of Agribusiness funding  Naming Agribusiness
urban  Importance of Agribusiness types
agriculture  Suggesting possible
 suggest sources of funding
solutions to  Discussing importance
the problems of Agribusiness
 list types of
 Proposing small
agribusiness
projects based on
in Zimbabwe
Agriculture
 identify
sources of
funding for
small scale
agribusiness
 evaluate
importance
of
agribusiness
to the
individual
and
economy
84
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY

able to:
Small to medium  describe the  small to medium  Describing the  Print media
enterprises and the causes, enterprise characteristics,  Pamphlets
role of informal characteristics − causes causes and  Government
industries in and location of − characteristics location of small publications
Zimbabwe small to − location to medium  Statutory
medium  The role of informal enterprises instruments
enterprises industries in Zimbabwe  Discussing the
 discuss the role role of informal
of informal industries in
industries in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Occupational safety  discuss  Occupational safety and  Discussing

and health in measures health measures
industry adopted in adopted in
industries to industries to
promote promote
occupational occupational
safety and safety and
health health
85
Problems associated  identify  Challenges facing  Discussing
with manufacturing solutions to manufacturing and solutions
and processing challenges processing industries in associated with
industries in facing Zimbabwe challenges
Zimbabwe manufacturing facing
and processing manufacturing
industries in and processing
Zimbabwe industries in
Zimbabwe
Tourism and its  describe service  Service industries  Discussing  Zimbabwe Tourist
importance in industry  Tourism in Zimbabwe characteristics of maps
Zimbabwe  define tourism  Importance of tourism in service industries  Tourist
 describe Zimbabwe  Discussing the magazines and
tourism in  Tourist attractions in importance of brochures
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe tourism in  Tourist sites
 describe  Problems associated Zimbabwe  Videos on tourism
problems with tourism in  Touring local and service
associated with Zimbabwe tourist sites industries
tourism in  Solutions to tourism  Discussing
Zimbabwe related problems problems
 suggest associate d with
solutions to service industry in
problems faced Zimbabwe
by tourism in  Suggesting
Zimbabwe solutions to
tourism related
problems
86
Problems associated  explain  Problems associated  Discussing
with service and problems with service and problems
quaternary industries associated with quaternary industries in associated with
in Zimbabwe service and Zimbabwe service and
quaternary quaternary
industries in industries in
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

Learners should AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
be able to:
Basic  describe  Population terms such as:  Describing  The home
population population - Birth rate, death rate population terms  The local
terms terms - Infant mortality rate  Applying population community
 apply - Fertility terms  Census reports
population
terms at
local or
national
levels
Collection,  collect  Population data collection  Conducting sample  Class members
presentation population and analysis techniques survey and a school  Family members
and data within  Population data presentation census  Population pyramids
interpretation the school techniques  Drawing population
of population or local pyramids
data community  Discussing the
 analyse data
population
87
data  Comparing
 present population
population pyramids of
data different regions
 interpret (Zimbabwe and
population Sweden/Germany)
data
Population  describe  Population distribution in • Identifying  Population maps

distribution population Zimbabwe: population of Zimbabwe
and density in distribution  Africa distribution  Population maps
Zimbabwe, in  World patterns of Africa
Africa and the Zimbabwe, ● Variations in population ● Discussing  Population maps
world Africa, and density in Zimbabwe, Africa causes of of the World
the world and the world population
● explain ● Factors affecting population distribution/dens
differences density ity
in
population
density in
Zimbabwe,
Africa and
the world
Population  Factors affecting population  Discussing factors  videos
growth/declin  explain growth: which affect  Photographs of
e factors -birth rate population growth migrants
which -death rate  Discussing effects  Case studies of:
influence -immigration of declining  Typical developed
population -emigration population
countries
growth  Effects of declining
 explain the population  Typical developing
effects of
88
population countries
growth(neg
ative or
positive)
The  describe  Stages of the DTM  Describing the  Charts showing
Demographic the features  Critique of the DTM stages of the DTM population pyramids
Transition of the  Examples of countries with:  Assessing the of contrasting
Model (DTM) various − high population growth applicability of the population growth
stages of − declining population DTM to local  The DTM
the DTM  Effects of population growth community and
 identify Zimbabwe
countries  Discussing effects
with of high population
high/low growth
population
growth rate
Types,  describe  Causes:  Discussing causes  videos

causes and causes of − push factors of migration  Photographs of
effects of migration − pull factors  Discussing effects migrants
migration  explain  Effects in: of migration  Case studies of:
effects of − sending areas  Outlining the  Typical developed
migration − receiving areas categories of
countries
 outline  Internal migration migration
different  Typical developing
-rural to urban
categories -urban to rural coutries
89
of migration -urban to urban
-rural to rural
-intra -urban
-Intra - rural
 International migration
 Voluntary and involuntary
Population  describe  Population policies in  Discussing the

policy the developing countries importance of
rationale of  Population policies in population policies
having developed countries  Debating the need
population  Policies promoting for population
policies population growth policies
 explain the  Policies limiting population
effects of growth
population
policies for
named
developed
90
and
developing
countries
Population  Describe  Common diseases in:  Discussing reasons  Photographs

and diseases diseases  Developing countries (at for the incidents showing diseases
associated least one of water borne, /spread of diseases in:
with vector borne and nutritional in developing and - Developing
developing diseases) developed countries
countries  Developed countries (mainly countries - Developed
 Describe lifestyle diseases)  Discussing countries
diseases  Reasons for variation in differences in  Videos of people
associated diseases spread between diseases between suffering from
with developing and developed developed and various diseases of
developed countries developing HIV/AIDS, Ebola,
countries  Socio –economic effects of countries hypertension
 Explain the diseases  Debating socio-  Chart showing
differences economic effects of population pyramids
in diseases diseases
between
developed
and
developing
countries
 Explain
social and
economic
effects of
diseases
91
TOPIC12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE
TOPICS OBJECIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND RECOMMENDED

able to:
Regional imbalances in  demonstrate how  Trade  Explaining the concept  Maps of
trade trading patterns imbalances of ‘regional trade internal,
may create within a imbalance’ regional and
imbalances country  Identifying trade international
nationally and  Regional imbalances on maps trade
between trade nationally, regionally
regions/nations imbalances and internationally
 International
trade
imbalances
-
Trading blocs  name economic  Trading blocs  Listing of trading
groupings like - SADC groupings
SADC, - COMESA  Explaining the aims of
COMESA, - ECOWAS the different economic
ECOWAS, - OPEC groupings
OPEC, EU - EU
 Give reasons for
the formation of
trading blocs
92
9.0 ASSESSMENT
(a) Assessment Objectives
Learners will be assessed on their ability to demonstrate:
 Knowledge and understanding of:

− processes underlying physical and human landscapes and spatial patterns
− how landscapes and patterns change
− environmental inter-relationships
 Skills and their application:
− Basic skills of observation, recording, interpretation and analysis
− Use of Secondary sources of data
− Draw and interpret tables, graphs, maps, charts and diagrams
− How to select, use and communicate information and conclusions effectively
 Judgement and decision making:
− The role of values, perceptions and decision making in evolution of patterns in human Geography
− How to use Geographical principles and concepts in interpreting situations at various scales
− How to prepare, justify and evaluate solutions to environmental and socio-economic problems
− Recall, recognize and use Geographical terms and definitions
b) Scheme of Assessment
The assessment in Geography will be based on 40% continuous assessment and 60% summative assessment.
Arrangements, accommodation and modifications must be visible in both continuous and summative assessment to enable
learners with special needs to access assessment and receive accurate performance measurement of their abilities.
93
Assessment of learner performance in Geography
Continuous Assessment 40% Summative Assessment 60%
Theory Assignments Practical Paper 1 40% Paper 2 60%

tests 10% 15% projects 15%
Profiling
Examination mark
Continuous Assessment Mark 60%
Profiling
40%
EXIT
PROFILING FINAL MARK
Geography 100%
94
Continuous Assessment
Level Assessment task Frequency Weighting
Form 1 Practical assignment 1per term 5%

Theory test 1 per term
Project 1 per year

Project 1 per year

Project 1 per year
Form 4 Practical assignment 1 per term (term 1 and 2) 15%
Theory test 1 per term (term 1 and 2)
Project 1 per year
TOTAL 40%
*NB: Each assessment task is marked out of 100
95
Summative Assessment
Paper Paper type Marks Duration Weighting
1 Multiple choice 40 1 ½ hours 20%
2 Structured – free-response and data 100 2 ½ hours 40%

response
TOTAL 60%
Description of papers
The examination will consist of 2 papers: Paper 1 and Paper 2
Paper 1: Multiple choice:
Duration: One hour thirty minutes
The paper consists of 40 multiple choice questions, marked out of 40. The paper is compulsory and will be set on all syllabus
topics.
Paper 2: Structured free-response and data response

Duration: Two hours thirty minutes, marked out of 100 and constituting 40% of the total weighting
96
The paper consists of 12 structured free-response and data-response questions, four in Section A, four in Section B and four in
Section C. Candidates are required to answer four questions, one from section A, one from section B, one from section C and one
other question chosen from any section. Each question will score 25 marks.
(c) Specification Grid
Skill Paper 1 Paper 2

Knowledge and comprehension 40% 30%
Skills (including practical) and their 40% 40%

Application
Judgement and decision making 20% 30%
TOTAL 100% 100%
CONTENT SPECIFICATION GRID
Paper one
Content Topographical Physical Economic Population, Total items % Skill

assessment Map work Environment Geography settlement weighting
transport and
trade
objectives
97
Skill 1 7 items 4 items 3 items 14 35%
knowledge with
understanding
Skill 2 10 items 3 items 2 items 2 items 17 42.5%
Skills and their
application
Skill 3 2 items 3 items 2 items 2 items 9 22.5%
Judgement and
decision making
Total 12 items 13 items 8 items 7 items 40 100%
Paper two
Content Number of questions
Section A: Physical Environment 4
Section B: Economic Geography 4
Section C: Population, Settlement, Transport and Trade 4
Total 12
98
99

Level 1-2 - Geography (Non-Formal) Syllabus

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Level 1-2 - Geography (Non-Formal) Syllabus

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

GEOGRAPHY (NON-FORMAL) SYLLABUS

Curriculum Development Unit

1.5 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES

. The following are suggested methods of teaching and learning geography:

5.2 TIME ALLOCATION

6.1 Weather and Climate

 Ecosystems and entrepreneurship

TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT

TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING

TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED

Types of rainfall  identify types of  Precipitation  Listing forms of

Weather hazards  outline weather  Weather  Stating weather

Influence of  describe how  Effect of human  . Analysing the effects

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Benefits of  explain benefits  Benefits of landforms  Discussing 

Components of  Describe meaning of  Components of  Undertaking Field  Maps

TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Sustainable use of  describe how  Sustainable  Discussing

Population and resource  describe the  Discussing the

TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Siting of power  state factors  Siting of power  Identifying the 

Environmental  Explain the  energy and  Discussing uses 

Relative importance of  explain the  Energy and environment:  Discussing uses 

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED SUGGESTE

Universal symbols  draw universal symbols  Common universal symbols  Illustrating

TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING

Factors  Describe the term  Mining  Discussing the  Mining maps

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Environmental  Outline the  Management of:  Investigating 

Climate  Identify impact  Impact on:  Discussing  Climate change

TOPIC 9:AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Farming as  Name the  Inputs, processes and outputs  Listing elements

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Processing and  Describe the  Distribution of  Describing the  Charts

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Unplanned  State  Nature of unplanned  Undertaking an 

TOPIC 12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Transport:  Describe  Modes of transport:  Describing  Maps showing

Transport  Discuss  Transport challenges  Discussing

TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Climate change  describe the  Nature, causes  Discussing the

Effects of  identify effects of  Effects of volcanic activity  Explaining the effects of

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Benefits of  explain the  Benefits such as  Discussing the

TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED

 explain the  Issues of safety  Discussing safety and

TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Environmental  explain  Environmental  Interpreting key  Constitution of

TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Occupational safety  discuss  Occupational safety and  Discussing