www.expenglish.

com ١ Omar AL-Hourani

 ‫‪:Intr‬‬
‫‪ntroductio‬‬
‫‪ction‬‬

‫ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﺍﳌﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺚ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺟﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻞ‬
‫‪ Express‬ﺬﺍ ﺚ‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪ss English‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻑ ﺪﺉ‬
‫ﻧﺒﺘﺪﺉ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ish‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﰲ ﲝﲝﻮﺙ ﺣﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊﻊ ﺃﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻭﺃﻱ ﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻭﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﲨﻞ ﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ ﺑﺴﻴ‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪﹰﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻌﺐ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﺮ ﺗﻌﻘ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺃﺻﻌ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻑ ﺒﺢ‬

‫‪:English‬‬
‫‪En‬‬ ‫‪Letters‬‬
‫‪Le‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ فا‬

‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺷﻜﻼﻥ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻷﺣﺮﻑ ﻐﺔ‬
‫‪:Capita‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪tters‬‬
‫‪ital Letter‬‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻭ‬

‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪G‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬ ‫‪K‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪Q‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪Z‬‬

‫‪:Smal‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ‪ters‬‬

‫‪all Letter‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻧﻴ‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪e‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪h‬‬ ‫‪I‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬ ‫‪k‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪q‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪u‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬ ‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪y‬‬ ‫‪z‬‬

‫‪.Vowe‬‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ( ‪tters‬‬

‫‪wel Letter‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ )ﻣﺘﺤﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻑ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻷﺣﺮﻑ ‪ A , E , I , O , U‬ﺗﺴﻤ‬
‫‪.Consona‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ‪etters‬‬
‫‪C onant Lett‬‬ ‫ﻤﻰ ﺃﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛ‬
‫ﻷﺣﺮﻑ ﻓﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻷﺣﺮ‬

‫ﺾ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌـﺾ‬ ‫ﴰﺴـﻴﺔ"‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪" umbrella‬‬
‫‪um‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﰐ ﻣﺜـﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺻﻮ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ‪ u‬ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﻠ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ " univ‬ﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪niversity‬‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻳﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰﻰ ﺷﺷﻜﻞ ﻑ‬
‫ﺕ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪english.com‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 :Numbers of English ‫ا‬ ‫أر م ا‬

:‫ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺓ‬/‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‬

0 ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬ Zero
1 ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ One
2 ‫ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ‬ Two
3 ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ Three
4 ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬ Four
5 ‫ﲬﺴﺔ‬ Five
6 ‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬ Six
7 ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ Seven
8 ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ Eight
9 ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ‬ Nine
10 ‫ﻋﺸﺮﺓ‬ Ten

:‫ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬/‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‬

11 ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Eleven

12 ‫ﺃﺛﲎ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Twelve
13 ‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Thirteen
14 ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Fourteen
15 ‫ﲬﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Fifteen
16 ‫ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Sixteen
17 ‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Seventeen
18 ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Eighteen

www.expenglish.com ٣ Omar AL-Hourani

 19 ‫ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ Nineteen

:‫ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ‬/‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‬

20 ‫ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‬ Twenty
30 ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬ Thirty
40 ‫ﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬ Forty
50 ‫ﲬﺴﻮﻥ‬ Fifty
60 ‫ﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ Sixty
70 ‫ﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ‬ Seventy
80 ‫ﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ Eighty
90 ‫ﺗﺴﻌﻮﻥ‬ Ninety
100 ‫ﻣﺌﺔ‬ Hundred
1000 ‫ﺃﻟﻒ‬ Thousand
1000000 ‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ Million
1000000000 (‫ﺑﻠﻴﻮﻥ )ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬ Billion (Milliard)

:‫ ﺍﻷﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬/‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﻣﺰﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ 1st First
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬ 2nd Second
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ 3rd Third
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ 4th Fourth
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ 5th Fifth
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ 6th Sixth

www.expenglish.com ٤ Omar AL-Hourani

 ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ 7th Seventh
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ 8th Eighth
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ 9th Ninth
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‬ 10th Tenth
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ 11th Eleventh
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ 12th Twelfth
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ 13th Thirteenth
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ 14th Fourteenth
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ 15th Fifteenth
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻭﻥ‬ 20th Twentieth
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬ 30th Thirtieth
‫ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬ 40th Fortieth
‫ﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‬ 50th Fiftieth
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﺴﻮﻥ‬ 51st Fifth First
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺘﻮﻥ‬ 62nd Sixth Second
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ 83rd Eighth Third
‫ﺍﳌﺌﺔ‬ 100th Hundredth
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬ 1000th Thousandth
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ 1000000th Millionth
(‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﻮﻥ )ﺍﳌﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬ 1000000000th Billionth
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬ - Last

www.expenglish.com ٥ Omar AL-Hourani

 :‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬/‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﹰﺎ‬

:‫( ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬١
Twenty six ‫ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥ‬: 26

Thirty seven ‫ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬: 37

Forty three ‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬: 43

Fifty five ‫ ﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ‬: 55

Sixty one ‫ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬: 61

Seventy four ‫ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥ‬: 74

Eighty two ‫ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬: 82

Ninety eight ‫ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﻮﻥ‬: 98

:‫( ﺍﳌﺌﺎﺕ‬٢

One hundred thirty one ‫ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬: 131

Nine hundred eight ‫ ﺗﺴﻊ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬: 908

www.expenglish.com ٦ Omar AL-Hourani

 Three hundred twelve ‫ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ‬: 312

Five hundred eleven ‫ ﲬﺲ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﺸﺮ‬: 511

:‫( ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻟﻮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﺌﺎﺕ ﺃﻟﻮﻑ‬٣

One thousand two hundred thirty five ‫ ﺃﻟﻒ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﲔ‬: 1235

Three thousand five hundred twelve ‫ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﻟﻮﻑ ﻭﲬﺲ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ‬: 3512

Fourteen thousand three hundred five ‫ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ‬: 14305

٣ ٢ ١
‫ ﺳﺖ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﺔ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥ‬: 651345

١ ٢ ٣
Six hundred fifty one thousand three hundred forty five
٤ ٣ ٢ ١
‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺌﺔ ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻭﲬﺴﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺛﻨﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ‬: 2453212
١ ٢ ٣ ٤
Two million four hundred fifty three thousand two hundred twelve

:English Nouns ‫"! ء‬#‫ ا‬$‫ا‬%

، Ali ‫ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻢ )ﻋﻠـﻲ‬، book ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬، apple ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ‬، school ‫ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬، house ‫ ﻣﻨﺰﻝ‬:‫ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬-
.(America ‫ ﺃﻣﲑﻛﺎ‬، London ‫ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‬، Mary ‫ ﻣﺎﺭﻱ‬، James ‫ﺟﻴﻤﺲ‬
www.expenglish.com ٧ Omar AL-Hourani
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻐﺔ ﺍﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ "ﺍﻝ"‪ .‬ﻞ‬
‫ﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳ‬
‫ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﻼﺳﻢ ﻧﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﲏ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔﺔ ﻣﻌ‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺳﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﲏ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ‬
‫"‪."the‬‬
‫"‬ ‫ﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ ـﻲ‬
‫ﻫـﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ ﻧﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﻣﻌ‬
‫ﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻟﻼﺳ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠ‬
‫‪.(school‬‬
‫‪sc‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪hool) :‬‬
‫‪, tthe scho‬‬
‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ( ‪chool :‬‬
‫‪scho‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺑﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ )ﺃﻱ ﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺔ‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ( ‪school :‬‬
‫‪the sc‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ )ﻣﺪﺭ‬
‫‪."a‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ "‪a , an‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻜﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ"‬
‫ﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴ‬
‫"ﺗﺪﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﺑﲔ ‪ a‬ﻭ ‪an‬؟‬

‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﻣﺎ ﻕ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬
‫"‪ "an‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻀﻊ ‪"an‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﻧ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ‬
‫"‪ "a‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮ‬
‫ﺝ‪ /‬ﻧﻀﻊ ‪"a‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺻﻮﰐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ ‪an apple‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ‪ ، a sschool‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎ‬

‫ﺻﻮﰐ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﰐ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎ‬

‫‪ " sugar‬ﺱ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ ‪ ، water‬ﺳﺳﻜﺮ ‪sug‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺀ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻜﲑ ‪ a , an‬ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ ﲑ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬
‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﺩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎ‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫‪I drink‬‬
‫‪k a water.‬‬
‫‪ter.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪I drink‬‬
‫‪k water.‬‬
‫‪w r.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺷﺮﺏ ﻣﺎ ًﺀ(‬
‫ﺻﺢ )ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺷ‬

‫ـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳـﻤـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺟـﻤـﻊﻊ ﺍ‬

‫ﻭﲨﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ﲨﻊ‬
‫ﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺜﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟ‬
‫‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴ‬
‫‪school‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺱ ‪ools‬‬
‫‪schoo‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺭﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ‪ .‬ﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺮ ﺍﻻ‬
‫ﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﺮﻑ "‪ "s‬ﻵ ﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ‪‬ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﲰﺎﺀ‬

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‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ ‪bu‬‬
‫‪bus‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺫﺑﺎﺑﺔ ‪ ، fly‬ﺃﺗﻮ‬
‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﺍﲨﻊ ﻷﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ %٩٠ /‬ﺳﺘﻘ‬
‫‪b s‬‬
‫‪bu‬‬ ‫‪b‬‬
‫‪buss‬‬ ‫‪, fly‬‬ ‫‪flys‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜ‬
‫‪bus‬‬ ‫‪uses , flies‬‬ ‫‪fl‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞﻞ ﺑﻌﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ"‬
‫"ﺳﻮﻑ ﺮﺡ‬

‫ﺍﳉﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻜﲑ ‪ a , an‬ﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﻊ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﰐ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬
‫ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﺩ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﻑ‬
‫‪I bought‬‬
‫‪ght a toys‬‬
‫‪ys.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪I bought‬‬
‫‪ght toys..‬‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﺑﹰﺎ(‬
‫ﺖ ﺃﻟﻌﺎﺑ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺻﺢ ) ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﺍﺷ‬

‫‪:English‬‬
‫‪En‬‬ ‫ا‪ )*#‬ل ‪Verbs‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪%‬ا‪)*# $‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻫﻢ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻛﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﻐﺔ ﺍﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺎ‬
‫‪.V3‬‬
‫ﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ" ‪V‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ "ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ" ‪ - V2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ " ﻲ‬‫ﺎﺿﺮ" ‪ - V1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻒ‬
‫‪Pre‬‬
‫‪resent (V1‬‬
‫‪V1) - Past‬‬‫‪ast (V2) - Past Participle‬‬
‫‪Pa‬‬ ‫‪le (V3).‬‬
‫ﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻓﻴﺴـﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺚ ﻓﻴ‬
‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﻣﺃﻣﺎ ﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺜ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬ ‫ﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ "ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝﻝ ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺒﲏ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺴﻤ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫‪:Regular‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪r Verbs‬‬
‫‪V‬‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝﻝ ﻏﻏﲑ‬

‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳـﻞ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ ﺇﱃ‬

‫ـﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺮﻳﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "ﻳﻠﻌﺐ"‪:‬‬
‫"‪ ."ed‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻌﻞ‬
‫"‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻀﺎﻑ ﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﻀﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮ‬
‫‪pla‬‬
‫‪lay - played‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫‪- playeed‬‬

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 ‫‪Irregula‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝﻝ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ‪rbs‬‬
‫‪ular Verb‬‬
‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ"‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ " ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺎﱐ‬
‫ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺼ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺫﺓ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻐﲑ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﲢﻮﻳﻠ‬
‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎ‬
‫ﳚﺮﺡ"‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ" ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "ﳚﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ " ﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌ‬
‫‪eat - ate - eaten‬‬
‫‪dri‬‬
‫‪rink - drank‬‬ ‫‪k - drun‬‬ ‫‪unk‬‬
‫‪hurt - hurtt - hurt‬‬ ‫‪rt‬‬
‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﺇﱃ ﺣﻔﻆ"‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻜﺘﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩﻩ ﺍﻷ‬
‫ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﺸ‬
‫ﺪﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺪﻭ‬
‫"ﺍﻧﻈ‬
‫ﻐﺔ ﺍﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﻫﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻛﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫‪:Past‬‬
‫ﺎﺿﻲ ‪P‬‬‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺿ‬
‫ﻭ‬

‫ﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺲ ‪ ،‬ﹶﻟ ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬‬
‫ﺏ ‪ ،‬ﺟ ﹶﻠ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﹶﺃ ﹶﻛ ﹶﻞ ‪ ،‬ﺷ ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺙ ﰲ ﺿﻲ‬‫ﻒ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺣ ‪‬ﺪ ﹶ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﻫﺬﻩ ﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ ،"ed‬ﻰ‬
‫ﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ "‪ed‬‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺇﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺐ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﻢ ﱃ‬
‫ﻈﻢ ﺍﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﺘﺤﻮ‬
‫ﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
‫‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠ‬
‫‪.Regular‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ar Verbs‬‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻓﻌﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻏﲑ ﺷﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺐ ‪Love‬‬
‫‪ ، Cry‬ﺐ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺫﺓ‪ :‬ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ‪ry‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺃﺃﻓﻌﺎ ﹰﻻ ﺎﺫﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﹰﺎ ﺑﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺱ‪ /‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ %٩٠ /‬ﺳﺘﻘ‬
‫‪Lov‬‬
‫‪ove‬‬ ‫‪Lov ed , Cry‬‬
‫‪Love‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪Cryed‬‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫ﺏ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻫﻮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺏ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜ‬
‫‪Lo‬‬
‫‪Loved‬‬ ‫ﺣﺐ‪‬‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻰ ‪Cried‬‬
‫ﻜﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞﻞ ﺑﻌﺑﻌﺪ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ"‬
‫"ﺳﻮﻑ ﺮﺡ‬

‫‪:Prese‬‬
‫ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ‪esent‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻴ‬

‫ﺏ‬
‫ﻳﺸـﺮﺏ‬ ‫‪، play‬‬
‫‪p‬‬ ‫ﻌـﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﻌـ‬
‫ﳊﺎﺿﺮ" ﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﳊﺎ‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
‫ﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻫﻮ ﻔﺴ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺍﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻜﻞ‬
‫‪.sit‬‬
‫‪ ، drink‬ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ‪ ، eeat‬ﳚﻠﺲ ‪s‬‬

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 ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ‪:Imperative‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ "ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ" ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺐ ‪ ، play‬ﺍﺷﺮﺏ ‪، drink‬‬
‫ﻛﹸﻞ ‪ ، eat‬ﺍﺟﻠﺲ ‪.sit‬‬

‫‪%‬ا‪ $‬إ‪:-s * ,‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎﻑ "‪ "-s‬ﻟﻸﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺪ ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﲨﻌﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎﻑ "‪ "-s‬ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻓﻘـﻂ "ﺗـﺪﺭﺱ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ "‪ "z‬ﺃﻭ "‪ "sh‬ﺃﻭ "‪ "ch‬ﺃﻭ "‪ "s‬ﺃﻭ "‪ "ss‬ﺃﻭ "‪:"x‬‬
‫‪bus‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -s‬ﻟﻠﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ -es‬ﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ‪ .-s‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﺗﻮﺑﻴﺲ ‪buses‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ "‪ "f‬ﺃﻭ "‪:"fe‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -s‬ﳓﺬﻑ ‪ f‬ﺃﻭ ‪ fe‬ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ .-ves‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪scarf‬‬ ‫‪ , wife‬ﻭﺷﺎﺡ ‪scarves‬‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ‪wives‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ "‪ "o‬ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪do‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -s‬ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ -es‬ﻋﻮﺿﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ ‪ .-s‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ‪does‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Photo‬‬ ‫‪ , Video‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ‪Photos‬‬ ‫‪ , Kilo‬ﻓﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪Videos‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮ ‪Kilos‬‬
‫‪Piano‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮ ‪Pianos‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ "‪ "y‬ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -s‬ﳓﺬﻑ ‪ y‬ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ .-ies‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪worry‬‬ ‫‪ , cry‬ﻳﻘﻠﻖ ‪worries‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻜﻲ ‪cries‬‬
‫‪Harry‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪Harrys :‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١١‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫‪%‬ا‪ $‬إ‪:-ing * ,‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎﻑ "‪ "-ing‬ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎﻝ )ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﺗﺸﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ( ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ(‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﻔﺘﻘﺪ ‪miss‬‬ ‫)ﺻﻔﺔ( ﻣﻔﻘﻮﺩ ‪missing‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ‪feel‬‬ ‫)ﺍﺳﻢ( ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ‪feeling‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ "‪ "e‬ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪come‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -ing‬ﳓﺬﻑ ‪ e‬ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ .-ing‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﰐ ‪coming‬‬
‫‪be‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ‪being‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ "‪:"ie‬‬
‫‪lie‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -ing‬ﳓﺬﻑ ‪ ie‬ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ .-ying‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻜﺬﺏ ‪lying‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﲝﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ‪ +‬ﺣﺮﻑ ﺻﻮﰐ ‪ +‬ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺧـﲑ ﻣـﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -ing‬ﻣﺸﺪﺩ "ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﲢﻔﻆ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -ing‬ﻧﻀﻌ‪‬ﻒ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﰒ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ .-ing‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪run‬‬ ‫‪ , stop‬ﳚﺮﻱ ‪running‬‬ ‫‪ , plan‬ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ‪stopping‬‬ ‫ﳜﻄﻂ ‪planning‬‬

‫‪%‬ا‪ $‬إ‪:-ed * ,‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﻀﺎﻑ "‪ "-ed‬ﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ Regular Verbs‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺴـﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘـﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ "‪:"e‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -ed‬ﳓﺬﻑ ‪ e‬ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ .-ed‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪use‬‬ ‫‪ , like‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪used‬‬ ‫ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ‪liked‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ "‪ "y‬ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪study‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -ed‬ﳓﺬﻑ ‪ y‬ﻭﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ .-ied‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺭﺱ ‪studied‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺻﻮﰐ‪:‬‬
‫"‪ "w‬ﺃﻭ "‪ "y‬ﻳﺴﺒﻘﻪ ﻑ‬
‫ﻬﻴﺔ ﺑﺑـ ‪"w‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﰐ ﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼ‬
‫ﻌﻒ ﺃﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺳﻮﺍ ‪ ed‬ﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻲﺀ ﻭﻭﻻ ﻧﻀ‪ ‬ﻒ‬
‫ﺬﻑ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -ed‬ﻻ ﳓﺬﻑ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺔ‬
‫‪play‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ‪ed‬‬
‫‪played‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪ .‬ﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧـﲑ ـﻦ‬
‫ﻣـﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ‪‬ﻧ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺧ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺻﻮﰐ ‪ +‬ﺣﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﻬﻴﺔ ﲝﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ‪ +‬ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻴ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜ‬
‫ﺮﺩﺍﺕ"‪.‬‬
‫ﲢﻔﻆ ﻟﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ --ed‬ﻣﺸﺪﺩ "ﰲ ﻫﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳚﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ‪ .-ed‬ﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﰒ ﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ -ed‬ﻧﻀﻌ‪‬ﻒ ﺍﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺧ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺔ‬
‫‪st‬‬
‫‪stop‬‬ ‫‪st‬‬
‫‪stopped‬‬ ‫‪ , plan‬ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫‪pl‬‬ ‫‪p‬‬
‫‪planned‬‬ ‫ﳜﻄﻂ‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪ !.‬ا‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜـﻦ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﺍﻻﲰﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﺛﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﲨﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺏ ﻳﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﻥ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻑ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻭﻭﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‬
‫ﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓﺓ ﻓﻘ‬
‫ﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﲨﻠ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‪:‬‬
‫ﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻠ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﺔ‬
‫‪Subject‬‬
‫‪ect‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Verb.1‬‬
‫‪1 + Object‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ"‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻝ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺼ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺍﺳﻢ ﻭﺭ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺔ ﺃﺃﻭ ﻇﺮﻑ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﺃﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻔﺔ‬
‫ﳎﺮﻭﺭ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞﻞ ﳝﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺄﰐ‬
‫‪ Object‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﻪﺑﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫‪O‬‬ ‫ﺄﰐ‬
‫ﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪He is smart.‬‬
‫‪sm‬‬ ‫ﺫﻛﻲ‪" .‬ﺻﻔﺔ"‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻲ‬
‫‪The buil‬‬
‫‪uilding is there.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ"‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‪" .‬ﻇﺮﻑ ﻣﻜﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﲎ ﺎﻙ‬

‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ‪ ، She‬ﻏﻏﲑ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ‪ ، It‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮﻮ ‪ ، He‬ﻲ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪.s‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫"‪ "s‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺭ ﻗﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ‪"s‬‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﺮ‬
‫‪ ، They‬ﺃﻧﺎ ‪ ، I‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ‪:‬‬
‫ﺖ ‪ ، You‬ﳓﳓﻦ ‪ ، We‬ﻫﻢ‪،‬ﻫﻦ ‪ey‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺖ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻲﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻑ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪english.com‬‬ ‫‪١٣‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﳉﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﻐﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﺍﳊﻴﻮ‬

‫ـﺔ‬
‫ﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻣــﺜـ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺄﻛﻞ ﺟﻮﻥ ﺡ‬
‫ﻳ ﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺟﻮﻥ ﻳ ﻞ‬
‫ﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘ‬
‫‪."appl‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ "‪ples‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎ‬
‫‪ ، "eat‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺄﻛﻞ "‪at‬‬
‫‪ ، "Jo‬ﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﻥ "‪John‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉ‬
‫‪Jo eatss appless.‬‬
‫‪John‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺄﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﻥ ﻞ‬
‫‪."Joh‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﻥ ‪ohn‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "ﺍﺳﻢ ﺮﺩ‬
‫‪ eat‬ﻷﻥ ﻋﻞ‬
‫" ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ‪ea‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ "‪"s‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺿ‬
‫ﺪﻳﺮﻩ "ﻫﻢ"‬
‫ﺿﻤﲑ ﻣﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ ﻛﺮ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻫﻢ‬
‫‪."fo‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ "‬
‫"‪football‬‬ ‫‪ ، "play‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ "‪ay‬‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫‪، "T‬‬
‫ﻫﻢ "‪They‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ :‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉ‬
‫‪Th play‬‬
‫‪They‬‬ ‫‪lay footba‬‬
‫‪tball.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻮﻥ ﻛﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬
‫‪."They‬‬
‫ﻔﺎﻋﻞ "ﻫﻢ ‪hey‬‬
‫‪ play‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋ‬
‫" ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ‪pla‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱂ ﻧﻧﻀﻊ "‪"s‬‬
‫ﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼـﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞﻞ ﻋﻋﺎﻡ " ﺱ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻ‬
‫‪ football‬ﻷﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫‪fo‬‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﻌﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺃﻭﻭ ﺗﻨﺗﻨﻜﲑ ﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﱂ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺍﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ"‪.‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳋﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﰲ ﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﻄ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻉ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﺐ‬
‫"‪ ، "play‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌــﻮﻝ ﺑــﻪ‪ :‬ﰲ ﺍﺍﻟﺸـ ﺭﻉ‬
‫ـﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫"‬ ‫"‪ ، "Cats‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌــﻞ‪ :‬ﺗﻠﻌـ ﺐ‬
‫ـﺐ‬ ‫"‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋــﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻄــﻂ‬
‫‪."in‬‬
‫"‪n street‬‬
‫‪s‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉ‬
‫‪C play‬‬
‫‪Cats‬‬ ‫‪lay in a street.‬‬
‫‪str‬‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺪ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ ﺩﺩﻭﻥ ﺪ‬
‫ﻉ "ﺃﻱ ﺷﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﺐ‬
‫‪C play‬‬
‫‪Cats‬‬ ‫‪lay in thee sstreet.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫ﻉ "ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﺐ‬
‫ﻔﺎﻋﻞ "ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ play‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋ‬
‫" ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ‪pla‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫﻨﺎ ﱂ ﻧﻧﻀﻊ "‪"s‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﻩ "ﻫﻮ"‬
‫ﲑ ﻣﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ ﻳﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺿﻤﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺎ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻭ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﻫﻮ ﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﺀ "‪water‬‬
‫‪"w‬‬ ‫‪ "drin‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﻌ‬
‫ﺸﺮﺏ "‪rink‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ "‪ "He‬ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ :‬ﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉ‬
‫‪H drink‬‬
‫‪He‬‬ ‫‪nks water‬‬
‫‪er.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺏ‬
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‫‪english.com‬‬ ‫‪١٤‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ‪ s‬ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ‪ drink‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "ﻫﻮ ‪."He‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ‪ water‬ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﱂ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ ‪.a‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻓﻴﺼﺎﻍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪Verb.1‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪Object‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ"‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﺮﻭﺭ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪Have lunch.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‪ ، .‬ﺗﻨﺎﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‪ ، .‬ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‪ ، .‬ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‪ ، .‬ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪Drink water.‬‬ ‫ﺍ ‪‬ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ، .‬ﺍﺷﺮﰊ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ، .‬ﺍﺷﺮﺑﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ، .‬ﺍﺷﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪ ، .‬ﺍﺷﺮﺑﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ، .‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ، .‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ، .‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ، .‬ﺗﺄﻛﺪﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪Be sure of that.‬‬
‫‪Be careful.‬‬ ‫ﻛ ‪‬ﻦ ﺣﺬﺭﹰﺍ‪ ، .‬ﻛﻮﱐ ﺣﺬﺭﺓ‪ ، .‬ﻛﻮﻧﺎ ﺣﺬ ‪‬ﺭﻳﻦ‪ ، .‬ﻛﻮﻧﻮﺍ ﺣﺬ ﹺﺭﻳﻦ‪ ، .‬ﻛﻦ‪ ‬ﺣﺬﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪Give it to me.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﲏ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Give me the pen‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﲏ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪You go‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﺫﻫﱯ‪ ، .‬ﺃﻧﺘﻤﺎ ﺍﺫﻫﺒﺎ‪ ، .‬ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺍﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ‪ ، .‬ﺃﻧﱳ ﺍﺫﻫﱭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﺍﺫﻫﺐ‪ ، .‬ﺃﻧ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺪ‪ ، .‬ﺍﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺪﻳﻦ‪ ، .‬ﺍﻓﻌﻼ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺪﺍﻥ‪ ، .‬ﺍﻓﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ‪Do whatever you want. .‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻧﻀﻊ ‪ Do‬ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Do have lunch.‬‬
‫‪Do drink water.‬‬
‫‪Do be careful.‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻠﻨﻔﻲ ﻧﻀﻊ )‪ Do not (Don't‬ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ "ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ"‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻛــﺎﺭﻟــﻮﺱ ﺑـﻄـﻞ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﲰﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺍﲰﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐـﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳـﺔ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﻛﻴـﻒ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﺮﲨﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ؟ ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٥‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ "‪rlos‬‬
‫‪"Carlo‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﻄﻞ "‪hero‬‬
‫‪"a her‬‬
‫‪is‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ‪he , It ,‬‬
‫‪H , She‬‬
‫‪He‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺳﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ؟ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺪﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻔﻌﻞ؟‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ ‪u , We , They ,‬‬
‫‪are You‬‬
‫‪am‬‬
‫‪m I‬‬

‫‪ was‬ﲟﻌﲎ "ﻛﺎﻥ"‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻴﻬﺎ ‪we‬‬

‫‪w , were‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ "ﻳﻜﻮﻥ" ﻭﻣﺎﺿ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ‪ is , aare , am‬ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉ‬
‫‪C‬‬
‫‪Carlos‬‬ ‫‪is a hero..‬‬
‫‪"Carlo‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ ‪rlos‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ‪ is‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ "ﺍﺳ‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﺿ‬
‫ﳓـﻦ ﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨـﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻼ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﳓـ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻄ ﹰ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‪" :‬‬
‫ﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﺒ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺣﺮﻓﻴ‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧ ﺮﺟﻢ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ ﺑﻄﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ" ﻓﺘﺼﺒﺢ‪" :‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ " ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﳓﺬﻑ ﻛﻠ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻤ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺍ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰﻰ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺎﱄ‬‫‪ -‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‬
‫‪Hee is‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪He , Sh‬‬
‫‪He's‬‬ ‫‪She is She's‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪, It is It's‬‬
‫‪John‬‬ ‫‪n iis John's‬‬
‫‪Joh‬‬ ‫‪, Ali‬‬
‫‪A is Ali's‬‬
‫ﻓﻊ ﻓﻓﻘﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺿﻤﲑ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻞ‬‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜ‬
‫ﺎﱄ ﺑﺑﺸﺮﻁ ﻥ‬
‫ﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰﻰ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫‪ -‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺧﺘ‬
‫‪You‬‬
‫‪u aare You're‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪e , Theyy are‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪They're‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫‪re , Wee aare We're‬‬ ‫‪W‬‬
‫‪I am‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪I'm‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ‪:‬‬

‫'‪(You are/You‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪ou're) care‬‬
‫‪areless.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺖ ﻞ‬
‫‪Cats are‬‬
‫‪ar cute..‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻂ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪This (ccat is/cat‬‬
‫‪at's) cute‬‬
‫‪ute.‬‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺔ ﲨ‬
‫‪(He is//He's) smart.‬‬
‫‪sm‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺫﻛﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(She is/She's‬‬
‫‪is‬‬ ‫‪) smart.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ ﺫﻛﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪(We are/We're‬‬
‫‪ar‬‬ ‫‪re) smart‬‬
‫‪art.‬‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﳓﻦ ﺎﺀ‬
‫‪(They‬‬
‫‪ey are/The‬‬
‫‪hey're) smart‬‬
‫‪sm‬‬ ‫ﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪english.com‬‬ ‫‪١٦‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
 (It is/It's) lazy. .‫ﻛﺴﻮﻟﺔ‬/‫ﻫﻲ "ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ" ﻛﺴﻮﻝ‬/‫ﻫﻮ‬
(I am/I'm) busy. .‫ﺃﻧﺎ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ‬
‫" ﻟﻴﺲ ﺿـﻤﲑ‬Cats ‫ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ "ﻗﻄﻂ‬Cats're ‫ ﺇﱃ‬Cats are ‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﱂ ﳔﺘﺼﺮ‬
.‫ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﲨﻊ‬
‫" ﻷﻥ ﻫـﺬﻩ‬smart , busy , lazy , cute , careless" ‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬a ‫ﱂ ﻧﻀﻊ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻜﲑ‬
."‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻞ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ "ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬

:clock $ / ‫ ا‬0 12

:British Language ‫ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬/‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‬

X:30 half past X (١

9:30 half past nine o'clock.
12:30 half past twelve o'clock.
X:15 quarter past X (٢
11:15 quarter past eleven o'clock.
22:15 quarter past twenty two "ten" o'clock.
X:45 quarter to X (٣
15:45 quarter to sixteen "three" o'clock.
21:45 quarter to twenty two "nine" o'clock.
.‫( ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ‬٤
10:32 ten and thirty two o'clock.
14:05 fourteen and five o'clock.

:American Language ‫ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬/‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‬

:‫ ﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬-

10:15 ten and fifteen o'clock.
9:30 nine and thirty o'clock.
20:45 twenty and forty five o'clock.

www.expenglish.com ١٧ Omar AL-Hourani

 ‫ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺍﻟﻌﻄﻒ "ﻭ"‬
‫ﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻑ‬
‫‪ and‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﲎ ‪an‬‬
‫‪John and‬‬
‫‪an Carlo‬‬
‫‪rlos.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮﺱ‪.‬‬
‫‪He and she are‬‬
‫‪re smart.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺃﺫﻛﻴﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻷﻥ "ﻫﻮ ﻭ ﻫﻲ" ﻛﻼﳘﺎ ﲨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﻨﺎ ‪ are‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ"‬
‫ﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤ‬
‫"ﺗﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔ‬

‫‪ 0 12‬ا ‪ 1‬ر ‪:Date 3‬‬

‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪ ، Month‬ﻗﺮﻥ‪ry :‬‬
‫‪Century‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ، Day :‬ﺃﺳﺒﻮﻉ‪ ، Week :‬ﺷﻬﺮ‪th :‬‬
‫ﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻮﻉ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺃﻳﺎﻡ‬
‫‪Satur‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ ‪(Sa‬‬
‫)‪turday (Sat‬‬ ‫‪ , Sunda‬ﺍﻟﺴ‬ ‫‪ , Monday‬ﺍﻷﺣﺪ )‪n‬‬
‫)‪day (Sun‬‬ ‫‪M‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬ﺍﻻﺛﻨﲔ )‪ay (Mon‬‬
‫‪T‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺎﺀ )‪ay (Tue‬‬
‫‪Tuesday‬‬ ‫ﺎﺀ‬ ‫‪,We‬‬
‫‪Wednesda‬‬ ‫‪ , Thursd‬ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺎﺀ )‪ed‬‬
‫)‪day (Wed‬‬ ‫‪ ,‬ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ )‪hu‬‬
‫‪rsday (Thu‬‬
‫‪Frida‬‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ )‪ri‬‬
‫)‪iday (Fri‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﻬﺮ‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪J‬‬
‫‪January‬‬
‫‪ry‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ )ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮﺮ(‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬
‫ﻥ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬
‫‪February‬‬
‫‪ary‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎﻁ )ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ(‬
‫ﺎﻁ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪March‬‬ ‫ﺁﺫﺍﺭ )ﻣﺎﺭﺱ(‬
‫ﺍﺭ‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪April‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﻴﺎﻥ )ﺃﺑﺮﻳﻞ(‬
‫ﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪May‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﺎﺭ )ﻣﺎﻳﻮ(‬
‫ﺎﺭ‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪June‬‬ ‫ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ )ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ(‬
‫ﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪July‬‬ ‫ﲤﻮﺯ )ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ(‬
‫ﻮﺯ‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪August‬‬
‫‪st‬‬ ‫ﺁﺏ )ﺃﻏﺴﻄﺲ(‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪Se‬‬
‫‪Septembe‬‬
‫‪ber‬‬ ‫ﺃﻳﻠﻮﻝ )ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ(‬
‫ﻝ‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪O‬‬
‫‪October‬‬
‫‪er‬‬ ‫ﻮﺑﺮ(‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ )ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻭ‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬
‫‪Novembe‬‬
‫‪ber‬‬ ‫ﱪ(‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ )ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫‪Decembe‬‬
‫‪ber‬‬ ‫ﻤﱪ(‬
‫ﻷﻭﻝ )ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭ‬

‫‪www.expen‬‬
‫‪english.com‬‬ ‫‪١٨‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬
‫‪AL‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﻛﺮﻗﻤﲔ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﲔ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺭﻗﻤﲔ‪-‬ﺭﻗﻤﲔ ﺃﻭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﻛﺮﻗﻢ ﻋـﺎﺩﻱ "ﺃﻟـﻮﻑ"‬
‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﺭﻗﻤﲔ‪-‬ﺭﻗﻤﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1999‬‬ ‫‪nineteen-ninety nine‬‬
‫‪2000‬‬ ‫‪twenty-zero zero‬‬
‫‪1631‬‬ ‫‪sixteen-thirty one‬‬
‫‪ :AH‬ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻮﱘ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﻱ "ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻱ"‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ :AD‬ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻮﱘ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ "ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ" ‪،‬‬
‫‪ :BC‬ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻮﱘ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩﻱ "ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ"‬

‫ﺃﻣــﺜــﻠــﺔ‬
‫‪2/5/1320AD‬‬ ‫‪two/five/thirteen-twenty AD‬‬
‫‪3/12/1401AH‬‬ ‫‪three/twelve/fourteen-one AH‬‬
‫ﺃﻟﻒ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﻼﺩ ‪1000BC‬‬
‫‪7th century‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫‪1st century‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪١٩‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 ‫‪: 2‬‬ ‫وا‪#‬‬ ‫ا‪ 9‬ق‪70‬ا ‪71‬ا‪5 6‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﺮﻭﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﻳﻮﺟـﺪ ﻓـﺮﻭﻕ‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻓﺮﻕ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺘﲔ ﻓﻼ ﻋﺠﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜـﺜﲑ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﻻﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻮﺍ ﻣﺎﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﲑﻛﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻜﺲ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻓﺴﻨﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﲝﻮﺙ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ )‪:(-our / -or‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬

‫‪arbour‬‬ ‫‪arbor‬‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﻈﻠﻞ ‪ ،‬ﳏﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫‪armour‬‬ ‫‪armor‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻉ‬
‫‪behaviour‬‬ ‫‪behavior‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫‪colour‬‬ ‫‪color‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻥ‬
‫‪endeavour‬‬ ‫‪endeavor‬‬ ‫ﳛﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫‪favour‬‬ ‫‪favor‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪fervour‬‬ ‫‪fervor‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻫﺞ ‪ ،‬ﲪﺎﺳﺔ‬
‫‪glamour‬‬ ‫‪glamor‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻨﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﺤﺮ‬
‫‪harbour‬‬ ‫‪harbor‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺠﺄ‬
‫‪honour‬‬ ‫‪honor‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻑ ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬
‫‪humour‬‬ ‫‪humor‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﺝ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻋﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫‪labour‬‬ ‫‪labor‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫‪neighbour‬‬ ‫‪neighbor‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭ‬
‫‪odour‬‬ ‫‪odor‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻜﻬﺔ‬
‫‪parlour‬‬ ‫‪parlor‬‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻫﺔ‬
‫‪rancour‬‬ ‫‪rancor‬‬ ‫ﺣﻘﺪ‬
‫‪rumour‬‬ ‫‪rumor‬‬ ‫ﺇﺷﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫‪www.expenglish.com‬‬ ‫‪٢٠‬‬ ‫‪Omar AL-Hourani‬‬

 saviour savior ‫ ﳐﻠﺺ‬، ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺬ‬
splendour splendor ‫ ﺭﻭﻋﺔ‬، ‫ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻕ‬
vapour vapor ‫ ﺿﺒﺎﺏ‬، ‫ﲞﺎﺭ‬
vigour vigor ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻁ‬
:(-re / -er) ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ‬/‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬

centre center ‫ ﻭﺳﻂ‬، ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
fibre fiber ‫ﻟﻴﻒ‬
metre meter ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
piastre piaster ‫ﻗﺮﺵ‬
sombre somber ‫ ﻛﺌﻴﺐ‬، ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻢ‬
theatre theater ‫ﻣﺴﺮﺡ‬

:(-logue / -log) ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ‬/‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬

catalogue catalog ‫ ﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮﺝ‬، ‫ﻧﺸﺮﺓ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
dialogue dialog ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺭ‬
monologue monolog ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺟﺎﺓ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ‬
prologue prolog ‫ﻣﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ‬‫ﻣﻘﺪ‬

:‫ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ‬/‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬

counsellor counselor ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬

www.expenglish.com ٢١ Omar AL-Hourani

 jeweller jeweler ‫ﺻﺎﺋﻎ ﺟﻮﺍﻫﺮ‬
kidnapper kidnaper ‫ﺧﺎﻃﻒ‬
programmer programer ‫ﻣﱪﻣﺞ‬
traveller traveler ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮ‬
worshipper worshiper ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻣﺒﺠ‬

:(-ce / -se) ‫ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑـ‬/‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬

defence defense ‫ﺩﻓﺎﻉ‬
licence license ‫ﺗﺮﺧﻴﺺ‬
offence offense ‫ ﺃﺫﻯ‬، ‫ﺇﺳﺎﺀﺓ‬
practise practice ‫ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ‬، ‫ﻳﺘﺪﺭﺏ‬
pretence pretense ‫ﻋﺎﺀ‬‫ﺍﺩ‬

:‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬/‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﹰﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﲑﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‬

apartment flat ‫ﺷﻘﺔ‬
apologise apologize ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺬﺭ‬
cheque check ‫ ﺷﻴﻚ ﻣﺼﺮﰲ‬، ‫ ﻳﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬، ‫ﳛﻘﻖ‬
film movie ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬
grey gray ‫ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻱ‬
holiday vacation ‫ﻋﻄﻠﺔ‬
moustache mustache ‫ﺷﺎﺭﺏ‬
petrol gasoline ‫ﺑﻨﺰﻳﻦ‬

www.expenglish.com ٢٢ Omar AL-Hourani

 plough plow ‫ ﺟﺮﺍﻓﺔ‬، ‫ﳏﺮﺍﺙ‬
programme program ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
pyjamas pajamas (‫ﺛﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ )ﲝﺎﻣﺔ‬
recognise recognize ‫ﻑ‬‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮ‬
realise realize ‫ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‬
sulphur sulfur ‫ﻛﱪﻳﺖ‬
tyre tire ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ‬
waggon wagon ‫ﻋﺮﺑﺔ‬

www.expenglish.com ٢٣ Omar AL-Hourani

Select the ONE lettered answer that is BEST in each question:

1) 102nd is written as:

A. one hundred second.
B. one hundred and second.
C. one hundredth second.
D. one hundredth and second.

2) 8014698 is written as:

A. eight million and fourteen thousand six hundred ninety eight.
B. eight million fourteen thousand six hundred and ninety eight.
C. eight millions fourteen thousands six hundreds ninety eight.
D. eight million fourteen thousand six hundred ninety eight.

3) run + -ed:
A. runned.
B. runed.
C. runied.
D. None of all above.

4) wish + -s:
A. wishes.
B. wishs.
C. wishies.
D. None of all above.

5) matrix + "-s":
A. matrises.
B. matrixs.
C. matrixes.
D. None of all above.

6) lie + -ing:
A. lyeing.
B. lieing.
C. lying.
D. None of all above.

7) read + -ed:
A. read.
B. readed.
C. readded.
D. None of all above.

www.expenglish.com ٢٤ Omar AL-Hourani

8) love + -ing:
A. loving
B. loveing
C. lovving
D. None of all above.

9) Choose the correct sentence:

A. Dogs drink a water.
B. Dogs drink water.
C. Dogs drink the water.
D. Dogs drinks water.
E. Dogs drinks the water.

10) Choose the correct sentence:

A. Play with me.
B. Played with me.
C. Playing with me.
D. None of all above.

11) 10:45 is read in British clock as:

A. ten and forty five o'clock.
B. quarter to eleven o'clock.
C. quarter to ten o'clock.
D. quarter past ten o'clock.
E. quarter past eleven o'clock.

12) 9/10/2005AD is written as:

A. nine/ten/twenty-fife AD.
B. nine/ten/two thousand five AD.
C. nine/ten/two thousand five BC.
D. None of all above.

13) The most difference between British and American Language is:
A. Grammar
B. Vocabulary.
C. How to pronounce words.
D. None of all above.

14) About the clock topic, all answers below are correct except:
A. Americans use PM and AM.
B. 8:15 means "quarter past eight o'clock".
C. There is a big difference between American and British clock.
D. 10:22 can be read in British "ten and twenty two o'clock".

www.expenglish.com ٢٥ Omar AL-Hourani

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‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧ�ﺔ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺮابﻌﺔ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
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‫ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﺘﻌﻠ�ﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
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‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺮابﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟﺘﻌﻠ�ﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬
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‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻮي‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎدة اﻟبكﺎﻟﻮر�ﺎ‬