Identify the tone, mood, technique, and purpose of the author from the given passages.

Visualization: Picture this in your mind!

It was a stormy night. I sat alone in the old, dilapidated house staring out the window. It was too

windy that the rain slammed against the broken windowpane. I shut my eyes, remembering my earliest
visit. I felt so embarrassed; angry. When I opened them, the lightning bolt flashed and lit up the room once
more. I had to get out of the house; I had to hide. No one could know my horrible mistake. I opened the
door, took a deep breath, and ran into the cold and rain.

Question 1: What feelings did you have while reading the story?

Question 2: What words did you read to help you create this feeling?

Literary elements help you create a better understanding and appreciation of the selection read.

Tone and mood help in creating the meaning of a selection.

The tone is the author's attitude towards the subject. You can recognize the tone by the word choices the
author uses to create meaning. The tone can be positive or negative. Examples of tone are humorous,
serious, proud, nostalgic, afraid, confused, and bitter.

On the other hand, the mood is the feeling you get while reading a story. It could be happiness, sadness,
darkness, romance, or even excitement.

Read the next passage to learn more about tone and mood.

The sunlight streamed through the window; golden beams were tickling her awake. Stirring, she

remembered the excitement from last night. Butterflies fluttered in her stomach. She sniffed. The aroma
of fresh-brewed coffee hit her nostrils.

In this passage, ask yourself, what is the tone of the scene? What about the mood? What words in the

passage convey the tone and mood? Here, the tone is positive, that is, being hopeful about what this day
could offer. As for the mood, the reader will feel happy and optimistic. The words "aroma of fresh-brewed
coffee, “butterflies," and "golden beams” help create the mood in the passage.
Let us discover more about tone and mood after reading this passage.

He stomped into the house. His backpack hit the floor with a crash. Clenching his fist, fighting tears, he

heard footsteps echoing behind him.

Again, what is the tone? What is the mood? What words convey these? The words “stomped” and

“crash” mean that the character is upset. Therefore, this is the tone of the passage. Meanwhile, the words
“clenching his fist” and “fighting tears” make the reader sympathize with the character, making it the mood of
the passage.

Let’s have some reading comprehension exercises on this learning competency. Write the letter of the
correct answer.

1. How would you describe the tone/attitude of the author in this passage?

A.) proud B.) generous C.) bitter D.) detached

Passage A:

Maria was walking home from work when a small, fragile boy caught her attention. His lips are pale,

and his eyes are sunken. With hands trembling, his palm hangs in the air begging for food. Without a word,
Maria gave him a piece of sandwich she bought from nearby fast food.

Passage B:

It was one o’clock in the morning. Darkness looms all over the town. A swirling sound of strong wind

can be heard while heavy rains pour down with a roar. Rooftops and windows clash as the horrified

townsfolk wait for the storm to pass by.

2. What is the tone of the passage?

A.) solemn B.) disappointed C.) fearful D.) somber

Passage C:

After the storm, we were greeted by the rays of the sun peeping through the window. I looked outside

and checked if everything is all right. That day, we went all around the house and backyard cleaning up. We
are devastated but hopeful.

3. The feeling invoked in the passage is _________.

A.) rejected B.) optimistic C.) annoyed D.) depressed

Passage D:

Rafael can feel the scorching heat of the sun. Wearing his running shoes, he readies himself for the

100-meter dash run. His classmates are on the bleacher, as they shout in chorus, “Get that gold!”. The sound
of the gun going off to signal the start of the race was heard. There were loud cheers and clapping. Rafael
recorded a remarkable 10.00 seconds run and made history in their school’s athletic meet.

4. The tone of the passage is __________

A.) joyful B.) intense C.) enthusiastic D.) victorious

Passage E:

Christmas is one of the most awaited celebrations in the family. My siblings and I always look forward

to putting the Christmas tree in our living room. Colorful balls and decorations fill the tree. There are small
twinkling lights in shades of green, red and blue. Christmas songs and carols fill the air.

5. What is the mood of the passage?

A.) nervous B.) cold C.) strange D.) happy

6. Which word does not refer to the mood conveyed in the passage?

A.) siblings B.) decorations C.) celebrations D.) colorful balls

Passage F:

After the Christmas season, the whole family starts to put the colorful decorations away. Mother will
return the used pots, stainless kettles, and the most exquisite plates back in the cabinet. Father will wrap the
big lantern hanging from the window, which will be used again on the next festivity. Suddenly, there is
silence all around the house.

7. What mood is implied in the passage?

A.) cheerful B.) humorous C.) sad D.) romantic

8. “Bright” is another word for this description used in the passage. What does bright mean in this

context? A.) colorful B.) stainless C.) finest D.) big

REMEMBER

Here’s a simple reminder to determine the tone and mood of the author.

TONE is the author’s attitude

MOOD is the feeling you get while reading the story.

Let’s Practice:
Directions: Read the passages and answer the questions that follow. Write the letter of the
correct answer.

Karen did not go to school and stayed home the whole day. When her mother confronted
her, she turned her back and said without hesitating, “I don’t care!”

1. What tone is shown in the passage? A.) honest B.) apologetic C.) disrespectful D.) sarcastic
 Memories of the past keep on coming back

Happy childhood and family bonding

Growing up is bitter but sweet

Lessons in life are priceless and immortal

2. What is the tone of the author’s poem? A.) nostalgic B.) satisfied C.) resentful D.) forgetful

Ruben wished that his family would still accept him after spending five years in prison. In a month,
he would be released on probation. He made something for his youngest son- a toy ship that kept
him busy inside the jail. Counting the days, he can't help but pray for his family's forgiveness.

3. Which tone is represented in the passage? A.) determined B.) repentant C.) sorrowful D.) boring

"Anybody home?" Elise shouted as she opened the door. It was dark and quiet. " Mom, where are
you?" she quipped. Suddenly, the lights are on, with cake on her hand, Mother starts singing a

birthday song.

4. What is the mood of this passage? A.) surprised B.) gloomy C.) overwhelmed D.) excited

It’s 4:00 o’clock in the afternoon

Soon he will pick me up in school

We’ll have a nice ride, a good laugh

It’s 4:00 o’clock in the afternoon

But he will not pick me up in school

No good trip together, no good laugh

together
5. What is the tone of the lines? A.) hopeful B.) ambitious C.) sad D.) sarcastic

Distinguishing Features of prose and poetry

Distinguishing Features of Prose and Poetry

Poetry and prose are both important forms of literature; nonetheless, they have unique

features that distinguish one from the other:

1. Form and structure - Prose consists of sentences arranged in paragraphs, while poetry

composes of lines that are grouped into stanzas.

2. Language - Prose is straightforward, while poetry is creative.

3. Use of literary devices - Literary devices such as alliteration, metaphors, and assonance

are employed more in poetry than in prose.

4. Writing confinements - When writing prose, writers have a more "sense of freedom"
and

fewer "confinements" or restrictions (e.g., number of words, structure, rhyme

scheme).

5. Purpose – Prose provides information and conveys a message while poetry delights or

amuse.

Key Points

Reading prose and poetry enriches our minds while recognizing their unique features to a
more profound appreciation for these literary texts. To facilitate the effective reading of
prose and poetry, summarizing is a useful tool that involves comprehending the texts,
looking for the key elements, and removing unimportant details.

Directions: Look for the elements of the summarized story "A Good Deed." Complete the
table by writing the sentence number inside the boxes.
CHARACTERS SETTING PROBLEM EVENT BEGINNING EVENT MIDDLE EVENT END SOLUTION

A Good Deed

(1) I learned about the joy of helping others when I was in kindergarten. (2) One of my classmates
had forgotten his snack, so he had nothing to eat during recess. (3) Nobody wanted to share with
him, because we were all starving and it was his fault that he would have to go without. (4) That
day my mother had packed my favorite treat: a chocolate and peanut butter cup. (5) I wanted it all
for myself, but my mother had often told me that I should share, so I broke my chocolate and
peanut butter cup in half and gave my forgetful classmate half. (6) He nearly fell over in surprise.
(7) He smiled the biggest smile I had ever seen, and I suddenly felt the greatest happiness I had
ever felt. (8) After that, I always looked for chances to help people, because it always made them
and me feel good.

Draw generalizations and conclusions from the material viewed

Drawing generalization and conclusions

A generalization is a specific kind of conclusion. All generalizations are conclusions,

but not all conclusions are generalizations. A generalization is a broad statement that
applies to many examples. A generalization is formed from several examples or facts and
what they have in common.

Clue words that support instruction for generalizations: all, none, most, many, always,

everyone, never, sometimes, some, usually, seldom, few, generally, in general, and overall.
Example: All parents try to make life difficult for their children.

On the other hand, a conclusion is an opinion or decision formed after a period of thought or
research. It is a position reached after consideration.

There are two things to use when you make conclusions: what you know in your head and

what you know in the story.

Example: Joana owns four cats, three dogs, and a pair of love birds.

Based on the statement above, it can be concluded that she loves pets.

Let’s Practice!
Directions: Read each given passage comprehensively. Give your generalizations and
conclusions by writing the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

_____ 1. Jayson plays on several different teams. He plays football in the fall, basketball during
the winter, and baseball in the spring. During the summer, he goes to soccer camp. Which of
these statements is a generalization about Jason?

A. Jason plays basketball. B. Jason is a good soccer player. C. Jason enjoys playing sports.

2. The sun was shining on the flowers, and the grass was a pretty shade of green. There weren’t any
clouds in the sky, and the butterflies looked beautiful as they fluttered around. It is most likely:
A. a spring day B. evening time C. early in the morning

_____ 3. Andy’s dog was covered in mud. Andy’s mom was very upset and told Andy he needed to
help clean up before he could play. You can tell: A. Andy’s got the house muddy.

B. Andy’s favorite animal is a dog. C. Andy’s mom doesn’t like dogs.

_____ 4. A blue whale can reach lengths of 100 feet. That is almost as long as three school buses in a
line! Blue whales are thought to be the largest animal to ever live on Earth. Which of these
statements is a generalization about blue whales?

A. Blue whales are very large. B. A blue whale is almost as long as three buses.
C. Blue whales can be 100 feet long.

_____ 5. Tatum showed her report card to her friend, Maddie. Tatum received all As on her report
card. Her teacher commented that she enjoys having Tatum in her class. Which of these statements
is a generalization about Tatum?

A. Tatum enjoys going to school. B. Tatum received an A in reading. C. Tatum is a girl.

Arrive at the meaning of words through word-formation (clipping,

blending, acronym, compounding, folk etymology, etc.)

Types of Word Formation

Have you wondered how words in English are formed? Where do they come from? Or what is
their origin?

The study of the history of words, their origin, and how their form and meaning changed
over time is called etymology. Etymology is important because by knowing them, we can
understand where words originally come from. Word formation refers to how new words are
made based on other words. Knowing word-formation processes helps us know the meaning
of words.

There are types of word-formation. In this lesson, we are going to tackle each of them.

Types of Word Formations:

1. Clipping – is the process in which a word is shortened without changing the meaning of the
word.

Examples:

 bicycle – bike

 advertisement – ad

 mathematics –math

 gymnasium – gym
2. Blending – is the process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new
word whose meaning is

often a combination of the original words.

Examples:

 emotion + icon = emoticon

 internet + citizen = netizen

 smoke + fog = smog

 information + commercial = infomercial

4. Blending – is the process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new
word whose meaning is

often a combination of the original words.

Examples:

 emotion + icon = emoticon

 internet + citizen = netizen

 smoke + fog = smog

 information + commercial = infomercial

5. Acronym – is a word or name formed as an abbreviation or initials of a set of words.

Examples:

 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

 Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR)

 Personal Identification Number (PIN)

 Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA)

6. Compounding – is the process of putting words together to build a new one that “does not
denote two things, but one," and that is "pronounced as one unit."

Examples:

 rain + coat = raincoat

 basket + ball = basketball

 airplane + port = airport

 work + room = workroom

7. Folk etymology – is a change in a word resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar

form a more familiar

one.

Examples:

 hamburger steak – hamburger

 sparowgrass – asparagus

 crevis – crayfish

 cucuracha – cockroach

8. Eponym – is the word-formation process in which a new word is formed from the name of
a real or fictitious

person.

Examples:

 Vulcan (Roman God of Fire) – volcano

 James Watt (Scot scientist) – watt

 Augustus Caesar (Rome’s first emperor) – August

 James Watt (Scot scientist) – watt

Key Points Remember…………

The study of the history of words, their origin, and how their form and meaning changed
over time is called etymology. Etymology is important because by knowing them, we can
understand where the words come from.

Word formation refers to how new words are made based on other words. Knowing word-
formation processes helps us know the meaning of words.

The following are types of word-formation processes:

1. Clipping – is the process in which a word is shortened without changing the meaning of
the word.
2. Blending – is the process in which parts of two or more words combine to create a new

word whose meaning is often a combination of the original words.

3. Acronym – is a word or name formed as an abbreviation or initials of a set of words.

4. Compounding – is the process of putting words together to build a new one that “does

not denote two things, but one, and that is pronounced as one unit.

5. Folk etymology – is a change in a word resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar

form a more familiar one.

6. Eponym – is the word-formation process in which a new word is formed from the name

of a real or fictitious person.