97909_05_ch05_p410-419.

qk:97909_05_ch05_p410-419 9/21/10 4:49 PM Page 417

CHAPTER 5 REVIEW 417

3. Evaluate ␲兾4 t 4 tan t 1 ex

1
21. y␲⫺ 兾4 2 ⫹ cos t
dt 22. y 1 ⫹ e 2x
dx
y ( x ⫹ s1 ⫺ x ) dx 2 0

冉 冊
0
2
1⫺x 10 x
by interpreting it in terms of areas. 23. y dx 24. y dx
x 1 x2 ⫺ 4
4. Express x⫹2 csc 2x
n 25. y dx 26. y 1 ⫹ cot x dx
lim 兺 sin x
n l ⬁ i苷1
i ⌬x sx ⫹ 4x
2

as a definite integral on the interval 关0, ␲兴 and then evaluate 27. y sin ␲ t cos ␲ t dt 28. y sin x cos共cos x兲 dx
the integral.
e sx cos共ln x兲
5. If x f 共x兲 dx 苷 10 and x f 共x兲 dx 苷 7, find x f 共x兲 dx.
6 4 6
29. y sx
dx 30. y x
dx
0 0 4

x
CAS 6. (a) Write x15 共x ⫹ 2x 5 兲 dx as a limit of Riemann sums, 31. y tan x ln共cos x兲 dx 32. y dx
taking the sample points to be right endpoints. Use a s1 ⫺ x 4
computer algebra system to evaluate the sum and to com- x3
pute the limit. 33. y 1⫹x 4 dx 34. y sinh共1 ⫹ 4x兲 dx
(b) Use the Fundamental Theorem to check your answer to
part (a). sec ␪ tan ␪ ␲兾4
35. y d␪ 36. y 共1 ⫹ tan t兲3 sec2t dt
7. The following figure shows the graphs of f, f ⬘, and x f 共t兲 dt. x 1 ⫹ sec ␪ 0
0
Identify each graph, and explain your choices.
y ⱍx ⱍ y ⱍ sx ⱍ
3 4
37. 2
⫺ 4 dx 38. ⫺ 1 dx
y 0 0
b

c
; 39– 40 Evaluate the indefinite integral. Illustrate and check that
your answer is reasonable by graphing both the function and its
antiderivative (take C 苷 0).
x
cos x x3
a 39. y dx 40. y dx
s1 ⫹ sin x sx ⫹ 1
2

; 41. Use a graph to give a rough estimate of the area of the region
8. Evaluate: that lies under the curve y 苷 x sx , 0 艋 x 艋 4. Then find the
1 d arctan x d 1 exact area.
(a) y 共e 兲 dx (b) y e arctan x
dx
0 dx dx 0

; 42. Graph the function f 共x兲 苷 cos x sin x and use the graph to
2
d x
(c) y e arctan t dt guess the value of the integral x02␲ f 共x兲 dx. Then evaluate the
dx 0
integral to confirm your guess.
9–38 Evaluate the integral.
43– 48 Find the derivative of the function.
2 T
9. y 共8x ⫹ 3x 兲 dx
3 2
10. y 共x ⫺ 8x ⫹ 7兲 dx
4
x t2 1
1 0 43. F共x兲 苷 y dt 44. F共x兲 苷 y st ⫹ sin t dt
0 1 ⫹ t3 x
1 1
11. y 共1 ⫺ x 9 兲 dx 12. y 共1 ⫺ x兲9 dx x4 sin x 1 ⫺ t2
0 0
45. t共x兲 苷 y cos共t 2 兲 dt 46. t共x兲 苷 y dt
0 1 1 ⫹ t4
9 su ⫺ 2u 2 1
13. y1 u
du 14. y (su
0
4
⫹ 1兲 du 2
x et 3x⫹1
47. y 苷 y dt 48. y 苷 y sin共t 4 兲 dt
sx t 2x
1 2
15. y y共 y 2 ⫹ 1兲5 dy 16. y y 2s1 ⫹ y 3 dy
0 0

5 dt 1
49–50 Use Property 8 of integrals to estimate the value of the
17. y 18. y sin共3␲ t兲 dt integral.
1 共t ⫺ 4兲2 0
3 5 1
sin x 49. y sx 2 ⫹ 3 dx 50. y dx
19. y
1
v 2 cos共 v 3兲 dv 20. y
1
dx 1 3 x⫹1
0 ⫺1 1 ⫹ x2

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
97909_05_ch05_p410-419.qk:97909_05_ch05_p410-419 9/21/10 4:50 PM Page 418

418 CHAPTER 5 INTEGRALS

51–54 Use the properties of integrals to verify the inequality. 62. The Fresnel function S共x兲 苷 x0x sin ( 12␲ t 2) dt was introduced
in Section 5.3. Fresnel also used the function
1 1 ␲兾2 sin x s2
51. y x 2 cos x dx 艋 52. y␲ dx 艋 x
0 3 兾4 x 2 C共x兲 苷 y cos ( 12␲ t 2) dt
0
1 1
53. y e x cos x dx 艋 e ⫺ 1 54. y x sin⫺1x dx 艋 ␲兾4 in his theory of the diffraction of light waves.
0 0
(a) On what intervals is C increasing?
(b) On what intervals is C concave upward?
55. Use the Midpoint Rule with n 苷 6 to approximate x03 sin共x 3 兲 dx. CAS (c) Use a graph to solve the following equation correct to two
56. A particle moves along a line with velocity function decimal places:
v共t兲 苷 t 2 ⫺ t, where v is measured in meters per second. x
y cos ( 12␲ t 2) dt 苷 0.7
Find (a) the displacement and (b) the distance traveled by 0

the particle during the time interval 关0, 5兴. CAS (d) Plot the graphs of C and S on the same screen. How are
57. Let r共t兲 be the rate at which the world’s oil is consumed, where these graphs related?
t is measured in years starting at t 苷 0 on January 1, 2000, ; 63. Estimate the value of the number c such that the area under
and r共t兲 is measured in barrels per year. What does x08 r共t兲 dt the curve y 苷 sinh cx between x 苷 0 and x 苷 1 is equal to 1.
represent?
64. Suppose that the temperature in a long, thin rod placed along
58. A radar gun was used to record the speed of a runner at the the x-axis is initially C兾共2a兲 if x 艋 a and 0 if x ⬎ a. It ⱍ ⱍ ⱍ ⱍ
times given in the table. Use the Midpoint Rule to estimate the can be shown that if the heat diffusivity of the rod is k , then
distance the runner covered during those 5 seconds. the temperature of the rod at the point x at time t is
C a 2
t (s) v (m兾s) t (s) v (m兾s) T共x, t兲 苷 y e ⫺共x⫺u兲 兾共4kt兲 du
a s4␲ kt 0
0 0 3.0 10.51
0.5 4.67 3.5 10.67 To find the temperature distribution that results from an initial
1.0 7.34 4.0 10.76 hot spot concentrated at the origin, we need to compute
1.5 8.86 4.5 10.81
lim T共x, t兲
2.0 9.73 5.0 10.81 al0
2.5 10.22
Use l’Hospital’s Rule to find this limit.

59. A population of honeybees increased at a rate of r共t兲 bees 65. If f is a continuous function such that
per week, where the graph of r is as shown. Use the Midpoint x x
y f 共t兲 dt 苷 共x ⫺ 1兲e 2x ⫹ y e ⫺t f 共t兲 dt
Rule with six subintervals to estimate the increase in the bee 1 1

population during the first 24 weeks.

for all x, find an explicit formula for f 共x兲.
r
66. Suppose h is a function such that h共1兲 苷 ⫺2, h⬘共1兲 苷 2,
12000
h⬙共1兲 苷 3, h共2兲 苷 6, h⬘共2兲 苷 5, h⬙共2兲 苷 13, and h ⬙ is
continuous everywhere. Evaluate x12 h⬙共u兲 du.
8000
67. If f ⬘ is continuous on 关a, b兴, show that
b
4000 2 y f 共x兲 f ⬘共x兲 dx 苷 关 f 共b兲兴 2 ⫺ 关 f 共a兲兴 2
a

1 2⫹h
0
68. Find lim y s1 ⫹ t 3 dt.
4 8 12 16 20 24 t hl0 h 2
(weeks)
69. If f is continuous on 关0, 1兴 , prove that
60. Let 1 1
y f 共x兲 dx 苷 y f 共1 ⫺ x兲 dx

再
0 0
⫺x ⫺ 1 if ⫺3 艋 x 艋 0
f 共x兲 苷 70. Evaluate
⫺s1 ⫺ x 2 if 0 艋 x 艋 1

of areas.
1
Evaluate x⫺3 f 共x兲 dx by interpreting the integral as a difference lim
nl⬁
1
n
冋冉 冊 冉 冊 冉 冊1
n
9
⫹
2
n
9
⫹
3
n
9
⫹ ⭈⭈⭈ ⫹ 冉 冊册
n
n
9

61. If f is continuous and x02 f 共x兲 dx 苷 6, evaluate 71. Suppose f is continuous, f 共0兲 苷 0, f 共1兲 苷 1, f ⬘共x兲 ⬎ 0, and
x0␲兾2 f 共2 sin ␪兲 cos ␪ d␪. x01 f 共x兲 dx 苷 13. Find the value of the integral x01 f ⫺1共 y兲 dy.

Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
97909_05_ch05_p410-419.qk:97909_05_ch05_p410-419 9/21/10 4:51 PM Page 419

Problems Plus
Before you look at the solution of the following example, cover it up and first try to solve
the problem yourself.

EXAMPLE 1 Evaluate lim

x l3
冉 x
x⫺3
y 3
x sin t
t
dt . 冊
SOLUTION Let’s start by having a preliminary look at the ingredients of the function.
What happens to the first factor, x兾共x ⫺ 3兲, when x approaches 3? The numerator
approaches 3 and the denominator approaches 0, so we have
x x
l ⬁ as x l 3⫹ and l ⫺⬁ as x l 3⫺
x⫺3 x⫺3
The second factor approaches x33 共sin t兲兾t dt, which is 0. It’s not clear what happens to
the function as a whole. (One factor is becoming large while the other is becoming
small.) So how do we proceed?
PS The principles of problem solving are One of the principles of problem solving is recognizing something familiar. Is there a
discussed on page 75. part of the function that reminds us of something we’ve seen before? Well, the integral
x sin t
y 3 t
dt

has x as its upper limit of integration and that type of integral occurs in Part 1 of the
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:
d x
y f 共t兲 dt 苷 f 共x兲
dx a

This suggests that differentiation might be involved.

Once we start thinking about differentiation, the denominator 共x ⫺ 3兲 reminds us of
something else that should be familiar: One of the forms of the definition of the deriva-
tive in Chapter 2 is
F共x兲 ⫺ F共a兲
F⬘共a兲 苷 lim
xla x⫺a
and with a 苷 3 this becomes
F共x兲 ⫺ F共3兲
F⬘共3兲 苷 lim
xl3 x⫺3
So what is the function F in our situation? Notice that if we define
x sin t
F共x兲 苷 y dt
3 t
then F共3兲 苷 0. What about the factor x in the numerator? That’s just a red herring, so
let’s factor it out and put together the calculation:
sin t

冉 冊
x

x x sin t
y 3 t
dt
lim y dt 苷 lim x ⴢ lim
x l3 x⫺3 3 t x l3 x l3 x⫺3
Another approach is to use l’Hospital’s Rule. F共x兲 ⫺ F共3兲
苷 3 lim
x l3 x⫺3
sin 3
苷 3F⬘共3兲 苷 3 (FTC1)
3
苷 sin 3

419
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
97909_05_ch05_p420.qk:97909_05_ch05_p420 9/21/10 4:52 PM Page 420

x2
Problems 1. If x sin ␲ x 苷 y f 共t兲 dt, where f is a continuous function, find f 共4兲.
0

2. Find the minimum value of the area of the region under the curve y 苷 x ⫹ 1兾x from x 苷 a
to x 苷 a ⫹ 1.5, for all a ⬎ 0.
4 4
3. If x04 e 共x⫺2兲 dx 苷 k, find the value of x04 xe 共x⫺2兲 dx.

; 4. (a) Graph several members of the family of functions f 共x兲 苷 共2cx ⫺ x 兲兾c for c ⬎ 0 and
2 3

look at the regions enclosed by these curves and the x-axis. Make a conjecture about how
the areas of these regions are related.
(b) Prove your conjecture in part (a).
(c) Take another look at the graphs in part (a) and use them to sketch the curve traced out by
the vertices (highest points) of the family of functions. Can you guess what kind of curve
this is?
(d) Find an equation of the curve you sketched in part (c).
t共x兲 1 cos x
5. If f 共x兲 苷 y dt, where t共x兲 苷 y 关1 ⫹ sin共t 2 兲兴 dt, find f ⬘共␲兾2兲.
0 s1 ⫹ t 3 0

6. If f 共x兲 苷 x0x x 2 sin共t 2 兲 dt, find f ⬘共x兲.

1 x
7. Evaluate lim y 共1 ⫺ tan 2t兲1兾t dt.
xl0 x 0

y 8. The figure shows two regions in the first quadrant: A共t兲 is the area under the curve y 苷 sin共x 2 兲
P { t, sin( t @ ) } from 0 to t, and B共t兲 is the area of the triangle with vertices O, P, and 共t, 0兲. Find lim⫹ A共t兲兾B共t兲.
tl0
y=sin{≈} 9. Find the interval 关a, b兴 for which the value of the integral xab 共2 ⫹ x ⫺ x 2 兲 dx is a maximum.
10000
A(t) 10. Use an integral to estimate the sum 兺
i苷1
si .

O t x 11. (a) Evaluate x0n 冀x冁 dx, where n is a positive integer.

y (b) Evaluate xab 冀x冁 dx, where a and b are real numbers with 0 艋 a ⬍ b.

冉 冊
P { t, sin( t @ ) }
d2 x sin t
12. Find y y s1 ⫹ u 4 du dt .
dx 2 0 1

B(t)
O t
FIGURE FOR PROBLEM 8
13. Suppose the coefficients of the cubic polynomial P共x兲 苷 a ⫹ bx ⫹ cx 2 ⫹ dx 3 satisfy the
equation
x b c d
a⫹ ⫹ ⫹ 苷0
2 3 4
Show that the equation P共x兲 苷 0 has a root between 0 and 1. Can you generalize this result
for an nth-degree polynomial?
14. A circular disk of radius r is used in an evaporator and is rotated in a vertical plane. If it is to
be partially submerged in the liquid so as to maximize the exposed wetted area of the disk,
show that the center of the disk should be positioned at a height r兾s1 ⫹ ␲ 2 above the sur-
face of the liquid.

冉 冊
2
x x u
15. Prove that if f is continuous, then y f 共u兲共x ⫺ u兲 du 苷 y y f 共t兲 dt du.
0 0 0

16. The figure shows a region consisting of all points inside a square that are closer to the center
2 2 than to the sides of the square. Find the area of the region.

17. Evaluate lim

nl⬁
冉 1
sn sn ⫹ 1
⫹
1
sn sn ⫹ 2
⫹ ⭈⭈⭈ ⫹
1
sn sn ⫹ n
. 冊
18. For any number c, we let fc 共x兲 be the smaller of the two numbers 共x ⫺ c兲 2 and 共x ⫺ c ⫺ 2兲 2.
2
Then we define t共c兲 苷 x01 fc 共x兲 dx. Find the maximum and minimum values of t共c兲 if
FIGURE FOR PROBLEM 16 ⫺2 艋 c 艋 2.

; Graphing calculator or computer required

420
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.