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5th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics (ICRLP 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582 (2023) 012030 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012030

Magnetic Mineral Consistency Analysis the main ingredients

of cement and Rowmix materials with Magnetic Susceptibility
Method using Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility Type B
(MS2B)

Ella Destari Ningsih1 , Hamdi Rifa’i1, Ratnawulan1, Ramli1, Ike Evy Wijaya2,
Fauzan2
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas
Negeri Padang, Jl. Prof. Hamka, Padang 25132, Indonesia
2
PT. Semen Padang, Jl. Jl. Raya Indarung. Kode Pos, : 25237, Indonesia

*rifai.hamdi@fmipa.unp.ac.id

Abstract. Cement has hydraulic properties (mixed with water) will form a bond and harden.
Cement-making materials consist of the main ingredients (Limestone, Iron Sand, Silica, and
Clay) which are the ingredients in the manufacture of Rowmix in the Rowmill. In the main
ingredient there is a magnetic mineral content for the manufacture of Component Compoun.
To see changes in magnetic minerals from the cement manufacturing process, it is necessary to
analyze the consistency of the material until the initial manufacture. The purpose of this study
was to determine the consistency of the magnetic mineral as the main ingredient of cement in
the Rowmix manufacturing process. The research method used is rock magnetism using a
Bartington Susceptibility Meter Type B (MS2B) which can measure based on mass and
volume with 2 different frequencies, namely Low Frequency and High Frequency. This
measurement uses 6 different samples, namely the main ingredients of cement (Limestone,
Irond Sand, Silica, Clay) and Rowmix materials (Rowmix 1 (RX1) and Rowmix 2 (RX2).
From these measurements, the susceptibility values obtained from the main ingredients
including Limestone approx. 23.7 x 10-8 m3/kg - 46.6 x 10-8 m3/kg, Irond Sand ranged from
470 x 10-8 m3/kg - 1791.1 x 10-8 m3/kg, Clay ranged from 852.7 x 10-8 m3/kg - 986.4 x 10-8
m3/kg, Silica ranges from 148.2 x 10-8 m3/kg - 166.9 x 10-8 m3/kg, while in Rowmill I process
(Rx1) around 133 ,4 x10-8 m3/kg - 180.3 x 10-8 m3/kg, Rowmill 2 (Rx2) 133.4 x 10-8 m3/kg -
244.2 x10-8 m3/kg, Magnetic susceptibility values in the main material range from 1532 x10-8
m3/kg up to 2838,6 x 10-8 m3/kg, while the value of Rowmix 1 (RX1) and Rowmill 2 (Rx2) is
lower than the magnetic susceptibility value of the main ingredient.

Keywords: Cement, Magnetic Mineral, Susceptibility Value, consistency

1. Introduction

Cement is produced with standard Chemical and Physical parameters. These standards are
achieved by implementing quality control and quality assurance. This testing and control includes x-

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5th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics (ICRLP 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582 (2023) 012030 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012030

ray testing, sieving, compressive strength, H2O, and others [1]. However, none of them has a magnetic
mineral standard, even though one of the main ingredients for making cement comes from Iron Sand
which contains magnetic minerals.

Minerals are inorganic solid materials that occur naturally, which consist of chemical
elements in a certain amount, where the atoms in it are arranged following a systematic pattern [2].
Minerals have 5 properties of magnetic materials, namely Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic,
Antiferromagnetic, and Ferrimagnetic [3]. The purpose of this study was to determine the consistency
of magnetic minerals as indicated by their magnetic susceptibility values. This research uses rock
magnetism method to accompany chemical and physical methods which are used as quality control
and quality assurance (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Cement manufacturing control

Magnetic susceptibility measurements can be performed on almost any material. Magnetic
susceptibility measured over a certain range of magnetic fields will give a magnetization relationship
with that field. This relationship can give a linear or non-linear relationship depending on the
magnitude of the magnetic field used. Magnetic susceptibility was measured using a susceptibility
meter. Rock type affects its susceptibility value [4].
2. Research Methods
2.1 Place and Time of Implementation
This study took samples from PT. Semen Padang and conducted research at the Physics
Laboratory of Padang State University. Sampling time was carried out in February 2022 and
conducting research in April 2022.
2.2 Sample Measurement
Sample measurement was carried out in several stages, namely the first stage of sampling at
PT. Semen Padang. The second stage of the sample is prepared into the holder and the mass is
weighed with a balance (Ohaus Balance SN EO271119030112) [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In the third stage,
the samples were measured using a Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility Meter MS2B type (Figure 2).
The Bartington MS2B operates using a weak magnetic field of 80 A/m rms and can measure at a low
frequency of 470 Hz and a high frequency of 4700 Hz. This tool can measure magnetic susceptibility
values ranging from 1 x 10-6 to 9,999 x 10-6 in cgs units or 1.26 x 10-5 to 1.26 x 10-1 in SI units
(m3/kg). Measurements can be made based on mass specificity and volume.

2
5th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics (ICRLP 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582 (2023) 012030 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012030

Figure 2. Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility Meter MS2B

3. Data and Results
3.1 Data

The holder used has a mass of about 4.144 grams and the susceptibility value of the main
ingredients (table 1), and the susceptibility values of Rowmix 1 and Rowmix 2 (table 2).

Table 1. Sample mass and magnetic susceptibility value of Main Material

Name Mass Mass Result Suseptibility (10-8

Day/Date/year MH+MS
Sample Holder Sample m3/Kg)

Wednesday
/23-2-2022 3,144 15,922 12,778 852,7
Thursday
Clay
/24-2-2022 3,144 16,419 13,275 855,6
Friday
/25-2-2022 3,144 15,245 12,101 986,4
Wednesday
11,514
/23-2-2022 3,144 14,658 46,6
Thursday
Limestone 12,722
/24-2-2022 3,144 15,866 23,7
Friday
11,476
/25-2-2022 3,144 14,62 25,5
Wednesday
/23-2-2022 3,144 11,544 8,4 1791,1
Thursday
Irond Sand
/24-2-2022 3,144 12,827 9,683 1290,3
Friday
/25-2-2022 3,144 16,09 12,946 470,6
Wednesday
13,754 10,61 148,2
/23-2-2022 3,144
Thursday
Silica 15,143 11,999 166,9
/24-2-2022 3,144
Friday
12,266 9,122 250,4
/25-2-2022 3,144

3
5th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics (ICRLP 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582 (2023) 012030 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012030

Table 2. Sample mass and magnetic susceptibility values on Rowmix

Mass Result Suseptibility
Mass Mass (10-8 m3/Kg)
Day/Date/year Time Holder
Holder Sample
+sample RX1 RX2
1 3,144
2 3,144
3 3,144
4 3,144
5 3,144
6 3,144
7 3,144
8 3,144 12,245 9,101 187 244,2
9 3,144 13,054 9,91 171,7 199,8
10 3,144 12,88 9,736 178,4
11 3,144 12,792 9,648 175,4
23 February 12 3,144 12,597 9,453
2022 13 3,144 12,231 9,087 175,6
14 3,144 12,938 9,794
15 3,144 12,641 9,497 181,7 225,3
16 3,144 12,81 9,666 167,8
17 3,144 12,932 9,788 162,3 181,1
18 3,144
19 3,144
20 3,144
21 3,144
22 3,144
23 3,144
24 3,144
1 3,144
2 3,144
3 3,144
4 3,144
5 3,144
6 3,144
7 3,144
24 February
8 3,144 11,747 8,603 166,6
2022
9 3,144 12,039 8,895 167,6 183,1
10 3,144
11 3,144 12,245 9,101 180,3 213,4
12 3,144 14,865 11,721 177,8 198,9
13 3,144 12,198 9,054 196,2
14 3,144 12,789 9,645 169,6
15 3,144 15,088 11,944 153,7 163,1

4
5th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics (ICRLP 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582 (2023) 012030 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012030

Mass Result Suseptibility

Mass Mass (10-8 m3/Kg)
Day/Date/year Time Holder
Holder Sample
+sample RX1 RX2
16 3,144 11,579 8,435 163,8 156,6
17 3,144 12,023 8,879 152
18 3,144
19 3,144
20 3,144
21 3,144
22 3,144
23 3,144
24 3,144
1 3,144
2 3,144
3 3,144
4 3,144
5 3,144
6 3,144
7 3,144
8 3,144 12,43 9,286 160,2 138
9 3,144 12,377 9,233 158,9 151,6
10 3,144 12,443 9,299
11 3,144 13,183 10,039 133,4 139,6
25 February 12 3,144 12,14 8,996 136
2022 13 3,144 12,524 9,38
14 3,144 12,705 9,561 149,9
15 3,144 13,272 10,128 158,2
16 3,144 12,541 9,397 142,1
17 3,144 12,7487 9,6047 144 145,5
18 3,144
19 3,144
20 3,144
21 3,144
22 3,144
23 3,144
24 3,144

3.2 Results
3.2.1 Main Ingredients
From the sample measurements using the Bartington Magnetic Susceptibility Meter MS2B type,
the magnetic susceptibility values of the main ingredients range from 23.7 x 10 -8 m3/kg-1791,1 x 10-8
m3/kg. From these data, the lowest susceptibility value was found in Limestone material and the
highest susceptibility value came from Irond Sand (Figure 3).

5
5th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics (ICRLP 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582 (2023) 012030 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012030

Susceptibility Value of Main Material Clay

Limestone
Susceptibility Value (10-8 m3/kg) 1800 IrondSand
Silica
1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
23-2-22 24-2-22 25-2-22
Time

Figure 3. Magnetic Susceptibility Value of the main material

3.2.2 Rowmix material
In the process of making Rowmix on February 23, 2022, Rowmix 1 (RX1) obtained the highest
magnetic susceptibility value of 187 x 10-8 m3/kg and Rowmix 2 (RX2) the highest magnetic
susceptibility value of 244.2 x 10-8 m3/kg. On February 24, 2022 the highest susceptibility value
was obtained from Rowmill 1 (RX1) 180.3 x 10-8 m3/kg and Rowmix 2 (RX2) 213.4 x 10-8
m3/kg. On February 25, 2022, the highest susceptibility value of Rowmix 1 (RX1) was 160.2 x
10-8 m3/kg and Rowmix 2 (RX2) was 151.6 x 10-8 m3/kg (Figure 4).
Susceptibility Value of Rowmix RX1 23-2 2022
RX2 23-2 2022
RX1 24-2 2022
300 RX2 24-2 2022
RX1 25-2 2022
RX2 25-2 2022

250
Susceptibility Value (10-8 m3/kg)

200

150

100

50

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time

Figure 4. Magnetic Susceptibility Value of Rowmix 1 (RX1) and Rowmix 2 (RX2) dates

6
5th International Conference on Research and Learning of Physics (ICRLP 2022) IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2582 (2023) 012030 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012030

Rowmix material is obtained from the main ingredients (Clay, Limestone, Silica, Irond
Sand) which are mashed and homogenized. In the table above it can be seen that the value of the
main material on 23 February ranged from 2838.6 x 10-8 m3/kg, on 24 February 2022 it ranged
from 2336.5 x 10-8 m3/kg and on 25 February 2022 it ranged from 1532.9 x 10 -8 m3/kg. In
Rowmix material, the magnetic susceptibility value is only in the tens to hundreds, while the main
material has thousands of susceptibility values.
4. Conclusion
The Magnetic Susceptibility value of the main material on 23 February was around 2838.6 x 10 -8
m /kg, on 24 February 2022 it was around 2336.5 x 10-8 m3/kg and on 25 February 2022 it was around
3

1532.9 x10-8 m3/kg. Meanwhile, the Rowmix 1 and Rowmis 2 materials only obtained magnetic
susceptibility values ranging from 151.6 x 10-8 m3/kg - 244.2 x 10-8 m3/kg. It can be concluded that the
susceptibility value from the main ingredient to the Rowmix ingredient is inconsistent.

Acknowledgments
Thanks to PT. Semen Padang who has given permission for this research.

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