Foop Security IN Inpi « Dimensions i Food Security - For a pewon to survive, they need to eat. - Food Security refors 10 the awailability, accessibility and Affordability of jood over the Cowue ef a person's lifespan. - Food production in the country, food imports, and the inventories from previous years kept im government qrananies are all considered to be available sources food. - In order to be accessible, one rnust have access to subpidient, secure, and nourishing {ood + Whot & food Security ¢ * Food Security has the following dlinwasions : @ food production domesticaly, food imports, and the stock rom the previous yeox kept in government grananies axe all Consideud to be awailable . © accessibitity means food is within Hearn of every pert. © Apfordadllity means hawing enough monty to buy enough food that i both sate and nutritious to Satisfy om's dietary needs.Food Security & ensued ima commby only if — f] enough food is availanle jor att the people 2 Alt people have the Capority to buy food of Acceptable quality J there ts no barren on access to yood. + New Dimension to Food Security . According to Amartya Sen, one Cam obtain food through what he called entitlement, which combines what one can produce and exchange, in the moxket with Supplies that ave provided by the Government ov socially . x Eyyects of Calamity - Notuyol disastes came a drop tw ovevall production, which Leads to a food vniris. - People will nol be alle to purchase food as a vaull of the pstce hike « - As a vesult, famine may ret jrom a starving calia in those impacted aneas. - Famine means widespread deaths ocwr becoue of stowation and epidemics cowed by forced use a Contaminated woalex o% decaying food and loss of body suislance becowue weakening jyom stoxvation .- Exompte, the jamine of Bengal in 1443. x Food Secuvity + Traditional artisans and Smalt-scate self-employed ‘individuals are two types o people im India who expeniewe food and nutrition tnslability. ~The working people tr urban duos cue employed in low-paying jobs in a casual labox rnanket . * Reasons jor food insecurity : The Social composition + SCs, STs and other OBCs who have either poor fand-base or low productiviry. + Becawe of natural disastew, people migrate to dijfexent areas WwW Seanch of work + Food insewwe people : + A lage proportion of pregnant, nuysing mothexs and childern under the age of 5 yea.* Backward states, tribal and remote areas, regions prone to natural disasters. ¥ Hunger — Then ave two typa of hunger 3 i. Chronic unger 3 >It is an qfect of having a diet that B prequently Wayfidend tn both quality and quantity, which & caused by not having enougr income 10 buy food {or Survival « > From 2.3 howeholds in rural oneas in 1983 to 0.7% in 1994- 2000, chronic hungex has decreased. > During the same tima span, it decreased in urban axeas (om, 0.8% to 0.37%. ii. Seasonal -Hungen + > Tt t assodated with the seasonal cycler of food production and harvesting. > The most impacted are yural, fandias agricultural Labourers. » Casual construction workexs in urban aveas experience this when they axe unemployed . > From 16.2% im 1983 to 2.6% in 1294-2000, the share oF vural households yacing seasonal hunger has decreased dramatically > Tn urban areas, tl je throughout +the reference pwtod {rom 5.6% to jusl 0.6%.— TO achieve fod security, it is necessary to etiminote hunger by lowering the likelihood it occuning ur the jute. - Hunger inoludes both Chronic and seasonal dimensions. - Chorin hunger meanr inodequate nowishment in teams of both quantity and quality. ~ Seasonal hungex is mulated to seasonal food pxoduction and haxvesting uyules . The Gren Reolution im Tndian ageieuttue, portitouly in the production 6f wheat and sie, was the Consequence of a now Approach to fexrning. - Prime Minister Indira Crondni issued a specat stamp tiled the ‘Wheat Revolution’ in duly 1963. * Food Security in India + arly im the 19708, the Gran ‘Revolution began, and as a result, India is now a Self - Sufficient im food grain . + the government made swe that jood qrains would be awailaple in poor weather and that a weul - designed system sf food like bupper Stock and public distsibution system war in place - Buyer Stock — Food grains like wheat and vice that the qoveunment has purchased through the Food Corporation of India FCI) is known as buffer Stock -— Fourmexs in surplus stoder sel ther grains to FCT, who pays them a minimum support psices. ~Ln the depict axeas, these grains are provided to the needy people at a pwice Cowex than maxket pxice - + Buogrammes Tor Food Sewnity im —Cndia + In mid- 1970s, National Sample Survey Organisation (wo) reported the high incidence of povody wel « * Dua to this, 3 important ood twtewvention paoguammed wee inluoduced , they ane § a. Public Otstibution System CPDS) jor jood quan b. Integrated Child Development Sewices (1c D8) c Food- For Work (Fhw) programme « - The food that the FCI buys, is distributed to the poorer sections sf the Society the vation stoves vegulated by the qovernment. - The Fubtic Distrioution System (PDS) ts what if & called. - Ration shops can be found in the majority of towns, villages and - Thee ane almost 5.5 lakh vation shops im the country and is alio known as fain psice Shops. - Such shops stores food gyaint, sugan, kexorne and oil {or cooking. - Feople buys jrom these things {rom Shops at lowex pxice from market psice.- Every month a Certain number of thee ‘things can be purchased from the nearby ation stoves by any family with vation Cond. - The 3 typa of vation cards are colov- coded jor eaty Yecognition + a Antyodaya Cart {or poorest of poor. bv. BPL cand jor jamilies below the poverty fine. C. APA Cod jor aut others . + Public Qistvibution System * Ina public distrioution system, food prouned by FCI u dislvibuted among the poor people thvougn government - vequlated shops . > Tree kinds of vation Cords are distributed among the people to avail {pod grains, sugax and kerosene oll for cooking af a lowe. pxice from these fair price shops. » Avtyodaya cands ave provided to the poovest of the poor, below poverty line CBPA) cords jor those below the poverty lim, and above poverty line (APA) conds jor all the othexs. + Becouse of the high incidence poverty, three importowl programme wee implemented in the mid- 1970s. “They one : > The public diatiibution system in exietence eaution bout Strengthened thereafter. for food grains, “Cintervated Child Development Sowvices (cos) iwtvodueed in 1975 and the Food- jor - Work (Few) programme in 1977-78.Pa Current Status of the Pubic Gistribution System Tn 1700 blocks aovoss the vation in 1992, the Revamped Public Distrioution Syston was implemented . * Toxgoling the disavantaged in alk owes is @ notion that the Touquied Purlic Distribution System (TPO) was cented to implement. + Antyodaya nna Yojana (AA) ond the trnapwrna Scheme one two unique programmes thal wow inlvodued wm, 2000. + The lowest’ of the poor and senior adults tm need wow ther special target populadions , respectively . « AY: This progyam covers tcxore of the BPL families who axe the poorest. ~ Cosh quaiying family Hecioved 25 kq food qvains at a subsided pouce f Rs 2/kq for wheat and Re 3/kq for slce- + The number of families covered by thi programme has been increased to 2 Cove.x Subsidy is a payment which the Govemment makes to a vodlucer to Supplement the market pice o A commodity. « Tn duly 2002, the stock ef wheat and vice with FCI was 63 million tonnes; this was much move than the minimum buffer Norms of 24.3 million tonnes. * The Storage of mossive ood grains ls very undaivable and vesponsible for Wigh- Carvying cost . — Freezing the rrivimum support price (MSP) jor fa years needs to be congidered. + Rising MSP has raised the mointainance cost jor prowuing food grains by the Covexnment . - Rising transport and Stooge costs of the FCT aw other contributing factors jor the increase tm MSP. * Inovease tn MSP has induced foxes to dived Cand from the Production of Coase grains to the production of wheat and rice. + The Iwfficiony of PDS, which is wident jrom the foul tat the quewoge consumption & PDS qraim Across all India is barely tkq per podon pox mont is another Significant owea of conten. ~ Ae O result, the necessity jor food among the poor forces them to Ydly on marketplaces Yathey than vation Shops. * PDS dealers were involved tm malpractioes Such as diverting food grains to The open market jor A better maxgin.+ Role f Cooperatives in Food Sewwity 4 Cooperative Societies Set up Shops to sett low-priced goods to poor people. + These cooperatives play an important vole tn food sewrity in Tndia. * Of all fair price shops running in “Toil Nadu, nearly 94% axe being Yun by cooperafives . x In Qethi, Moth Dairy is making Sti tn the provision of ilk and vegetables fo Contumexa at a conliolled vate deided by the Croverrment . ¥ Tn milk and milk products, Amul feom Cujaat & another Cooperative Society + The Academy of Development (AOS) has faulitated a netivork of NGOs {or setting up gain banks in dijjowt sugons of Moharashtia . > In India, cooperatives ave also essential to enswidng food Secunity, Posticulenty in the South and west o the nation. >The cooperative Orgavisations established stoves to provide Cow-vosl goods to the wadecprivitedged « » Motrer Dainy im Detnt, Amul im Crgarat and Academy of Development Science (ADS) in Mohavashiva ove a fav iwslances 4 coopermtive societies.CHAPTER- 4 FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA at controled rales, + Around 84% far pres shops in Tamil Nadu ae by cooperatives +n Dol, Mathor Dairy provides mik & vegetable to consumers| * Universal + Revamped Pubic isribution System) (RPDS) for backward blocks. ‘Targeted Pubic Distribution System (TPDS) fr poor, non-poor, BPL, APL + Anlyodya Anna Vojana (AAV) {or poorest ofthe poor, + Annapurna Scheme (APS) for moigent sent etzens. + National Food Security Act (NFSA) {or priority householss. (a) Antyodaya cards for the poorest known a8 Issue Pree. ‘+ Aialabilty of 00d (food production within the county) ‘+ Accosstbty (ood is within reach of every person) ‘= Aifodabity (Individual has enough money to buy sutfcient, safe & nutritious food), To enaure oc ata Wes *To assist poorest sation & sometimes people above poverty ine a theta of national disaster Distribution of foodgrams at a lower pice than the markat pie,