Subnetting in your Head (Class C, IPv4)

Class A = N.H.H.H Default Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 or /8

Class B = N.N.H.H Default Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0 or /16

Class C = N.N.N.H Default Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 or /24

Example 01: 192.168.10.0/25

Network address = 192.168.10.0

Subnet mask = 255.255.255.128

 How many subnets?

 How many hosts per subnet?
 What are the valid subnets?
 What are the broadcast address for each subnet?
 What are the valid host range per subnet?

Solution: We know that the default subnet mask of class c is 255.255.255.0 but the given subnet mask is
255.255.255.128 that is binary 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 where we see one bit is turned
on in the fourth for network subnetting and rest of the seven bits are 0000000 for the hosts. So

Number of subnets are 21 = 2

Number of hosts per subnet are 27 -2 = 128-2 = 126

Here the block size is 256-128 = 128 so first subnet is 0 and the second subnet is 0+128 =128

Subnet address 0 128

First valid host 1 129

Last valid host 126 254

Broadcast address 127 255

Here we see the first subnet is 192.168.10.0/25 and second subnet is 192.168.10.128/25.

Broadcast address of the first subnet is 192.168.10.127 and second subnet is 192.168.10.255.

Valid host range of the first subnet is 192.168.10.1 to 192.168.10.126 and valid host range second of
subnet are 192.168.10.129 to 192.168.10.254

NB: We cannot use a /31 or /32 because we have to have at least 2 host bits for assigning IP addressed
to host.