IP Addressing, Number System and IP Assigning

An IP address is a numeric identifier assigned to each machine on an IP network. It consists of 32 bits of

information. These bits are divided into four sections, referred to as octets or bytes. You can depict an IP
address using one of the three methods:
 Dotted decimal, as in 172.16.30.56
 Binary, as in 10101100.00010000.000111110.00111000
 Hexadecimal, as in AC.10.1E.38
Number System (Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal)
The following table compares all three systems counting from 0 to 15
Decimal Binary Hexadecimal 2n
0 0000 0 20 = 1
1 0001 1 21 = 2
2 0010 2 22 = 4
3 0011 3 23 = 8
4 0100 4 24 = 16
5 0101 5 25 = 32
6 0110 6 26 = 64
7 0111 7 27 = 128
8 1000 8 28 = 256
9 1001 9 29 = 512
10 1010 A 210=1024
11 1011 B 211 = 2048
12 1100 C 21 2= 4096
13 1101 D 213 = 8192
14 1110 E 214 = 16384
15 1111 F 215 = 32768

Information required on workstation:

IP address 192.168.1.1
Subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Default gateway 192.168.1.254
Primary DNS 192.168.1.1

IP Address Range, Reserved Private IP and Default Subnet Mask:

IP Class Address Range Binary Range Reserved Private IP Range Subnet Mask
Class A 1 ~ 126 0XXXXXXXX 10.0.0.0 ~ 10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0
Class B 128 ~ 191 10XXXXXXX 172.16.0.0 ~ 172.31.255.255 255.255.0.0
Class C 192 ~ 223 110XXXXXX 192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.255 255.255.255.0

Loopback Address: IP addresses ranging from 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 are loop back address.
127.0.0.1 is commonly used
IP Address: An IP address is a numeric identifier assigned to each machine on an IP network.

Subnet Mask: is a 32-bit value that allows the recipient of IP packets to distinguish the network ID
portion from the host ID portion of the IP Address.

Default Gateway: A default gateway is the node in a computer network using the Internet protocol
suite that serves as the forwarding host (router) to other networks when no other route specification
matches the destination IP address of a packet.

Broadcast Domain: A Domain having the characteristic that transmission of a packet will be received
by every device on the network.

Collision Domain: A collision domain is a physical network segment where data packets can "collide"
with one another for being sent on a shared medium.

Ethernet: Ethernet is a contention media access method that allows all hosts on a network to share the
same bandwidth of a link. It uses CSMA/CD protocol for bandwidth sharing and functions at layer 1.

Unicast: one to one. Such as SMTP, FTP and Telnet (supported only by TCP)

Multicast: one to many, but not to al. such as TV Channel (supported only by UDP)

Broadcast: one to all. Such as ARP.