Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IP address is a logical address. An IP address in the current version of protocol (IPv4) is a 32-bit binary
address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a host or a router to the Internet
Generally represented in dotted decimal notation (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx). Each decimal number represents
group of eight bits of binary data, and therefore can have a decimal value between 0 and 255.
A 1-126 N.H.H.H
B 128-191 N.N.H.H
C 192-223 N.N.N.H
N=Network H=Host
Subnet Mask :
A subnet mask contains four bytes that is 32 bits and is always represented by using the dotted-decimal"
notation.
255.255.255.0
The subnet mask divides the IP address into two parts, an "network address" and a ͞host address͟.
åc lass A
11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
255 .0 .0 .0
åc lass B
11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000
255 .255 .0 .0
åc lass
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Some address ranges are reserved by IANA(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) for private intranets,
These addresses are not routable to the Internet.
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
2^n - 2 = (number of host or subnetworks ) Note : (2^n means '2' to the power of 'n')
Where ͞n͟ can take value, based on number of host. See examples below,
1.c
Refer the value of first octet it comes under the range of class A. Therefore, this IP address is from
Class A :
Now to calculate Subnet mask : the class A has first 8 bits are network bits and rest all are host bits. i.e.
N.H.H.H Represent network bits with bit ͚1͛ and host bits with ͚0͛
To calculate Nos. of host, find number of host in IP addresses, for class A it is 24,
2.
Class B :
Network id :130.20.0.0
Nos. of host :216-2
Subnetting
Subnetting is nothing but creating networks within a network. Using subnet organization can maintain
multiple separate physical network with single IP network address. Subnet helps to organize host into
into logical groups. Subnetting also improve network security and performance. The default subnet
mask does not use to create subnets.
For example :
192.16.10.120
255.255.255.224
Last octet is 224 I.e. 3 bits are borrowed from host bits.
11111111.11111111. 11111111.11100000
a)c Nos of subnets : 2^n-2 n=3
i.e. 2^3-2 =6 subnets.