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INTRODUCTION
Good day, Ma’am/Sir (name of your teacher) and classmates. I'm thrilled to have you all
here today as we delve into our topic: the deformation of the Earth's crust. We will have the
opportunity to explore the ever-changing nature of our planet's outermost layer, the crust.
SLIDE 1
● Earth's crust is the outermost solid shell or layer of the Earth's structure.
● Tayo mismo ay nasa ibabaw ng crust. This is where our activities take place. It is the
solid ground beneath our feet.
Pero ang crust ng Earth ay hindi nakapirmi lamang. It’s constantly reshaping itself or nagbabago
ng porma sa pagdaan ng panahon. And we call it the deformation of the Earth’s crust.
Ang crustal deformation ang nagiging sanhi sa pagbabago ng geological and topographical
features ng Earth, katulad ng mountains o bundok, plains o kapatagan, valleys o mga lambak,
and coastlines o mga baybayin.
SLIDE 2
As mentioned earlier, all changes in the original shape or size of a rock body is called
deformation.
Most of the crustal deformations happen along the plate boundaries. Sa plate boundaries
nagaganap ang mga pagsasalubong (convergence) o paghihiwalay (divergence) ng mga
tectonic plates.
Kaya mayroong mga rock o geologic structures gaya ng mountains o volcano ay dahil sa
interaction ng mga tectonic plates.
Mamaya ay ipapakita ko sa inyo ang iba’t ibang imahe ng deformation na nagaganap sa plate
boundaries. Sa ngayon ay idiscuss ko muna ang dahilan ng crust deformation.
Because of the stress, nagbabago ang shape or size ng anyong lupa. Hindi lamang tao ang
naiistress kundi pati na rin ang kalupaan. ;)
If the stress is applied in all directions uniformly or equally, it’s called confining pressure.
Meaning walang physical change na magaganap sa rock.
But if the stress is applied unequally in different directions, dito magkakaroon ng differential
stress ang lupa.
SLIDE 3
There are three types of differential stress:
The first one is called compressional stress. This occurs when rocks are pushed together
horizontally.
As you can see in the image, the rocks or tectonic plates are pushed together. I’ll model it using
my hands.
This is common on convergent plate boundaries where tectonic plates collide or nagtatagpo.
SLIDE 4
Tensional stress is the opposite of the compression stress. It pulls apart the rocks, leading to
stretching and thinning of the crust.
Ito ay nangyayari sa divergent plate boundaries, kung saan ang tectonic plates ay naghihiwalay.
Kagaya ng pagmomodelo ng aking mga kamay.
SLIDE 5
Shear stress occurs when rocks slide past each other horizontally in opposite directions.
Kagaya ng nasa image. Ang paggalaw sa shear fault ay nagiging sanhi ng pagbiyak ng lupa o
fault lines.
Ito naman ang hand modeling ng shear: Pagpatungin ang mga kamay at unti unti islide palayo
sa isa’t isa.
Cause and Example:
1. Tectonic Plate Movement: Sa mga boundary ng tectonic plates, ang paggalaw ng mga
ito ay maaaring magdulot ng shear stress. Halimbawa, sa transform fault boundaries,
tulad ng San Andreas Fault sa California, ang lateral na galaw ng dalawang plates ay
nagdudulot ng shear stress.
SLIDE 6
Strain, in the context of geology and materials science, refers to the measure of deformation or
change in shape that occurs in a material when subjected to stress.
Additional information: By analyzing strain, scientists and engineers can predict how materials
will deform under various conditions, helping them design structures, predict the behavior of
geological formations, and make informed decisions in a wide range of applications.
NOTE: Before you end your presentation, summarize what you’ve discussed: