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Klumpenhouwer network
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality
standards, as it displays inconsistent style and formatting, a lack of section breaks,
and overuse of inline direct quotes. You can help. The talk page may contain
suggestions. (March 2014)

7-note segment of interval cycle C7

A Klumpenhouwer Network, named after its inventor, Canadian music theorist and
former doctoral studkghfdgfhjhjhjlkhjkhjent of David Lewin's at Harvard, Henry
Klumpenhouwer, is "any network that uses T and/or I operations
(transposition or inversion) to interpret interrelations g pcs" (pitcjhgfjghjdhgdh
class sets).[1] According to George Perle, "a Klumpenhouwer network is
a chord analyzed in terms of its dyadic sums and differences," and "this kind of analysis
of triadic combinations was implicit in," his "concept of the cyclic set from the
beginning",[2] cyclic sets being those "sets whose alternate elements
unfold complementary cycles of a single interval."[3]

Cyclic set
(sum 9) from Berg's Lyric Suite
"Klumpenhouwer's idea, both simple and profound in its implications, is to allow
inversional, as well as transpositional, relations into networks like those of Figure
1,"[1] showing an arrow down from B to F♯ labeled T7, down from F♯ to A labeled T3, and
back up from A to B, labeled T10 which allows it to be represented by Figure 2a, for
example, labeled I5, I3, and T2.[1] In Figure 4 this is (b) I7, I5, T2 and (c) I5, I3, T2.

Chord 1. K-net relations, inversional and transpositional,

represented through arrows, letters, and numbers. Chord

2. Inversional and transpositional K-net relations represented through arrows, letters,

and numbers. Chord 3. This chord with Chord 1 provide

an example of rule #1 by way of a Network Isomorphism. [6]
Lewin asserts the "recursive potential of K-network analysis"[4]... "'in great generality:
When a system modulates by an operation A, the transformation f' = A f A -
inverse plays the structural role in the modulated system that f played in the original
system."[5]
Given any network of pitch classes, and given any pc operation A, a second network
may be derived from the first, and the relationship thereby derived 'network
isomorphism' "arises between networks using analogous configurations of nodes and
arrows to interpret pcsets that are of the same set class[6] – 'isomorphism of graphs'.
Two graphs are isomorphic when they share the same structure of nodes-and-arrows,
and when also the operations labeling corresponding arrows correspond under a
particular sort of mapping f among T/I."[7]
"To generate isomorphic graphs, the mapping f must be what is called
an automorphism of the T/I system. Networks that have isomorphic graphs are
called isographic."[7]
To be isographic, two networks must have these features:

1. They must have the same configuration of nodes and arrows.

2. There must be some isomorphism F that maps the transformation-system
used to label the arrows of one network, into the transformation-system
used to label the arrows of the other.
3. If the transformation X labels an arrow of the one network, then the
transformation F(X) labels the corresponding arrow of the other."
"Two networks are positively isographic when they share the same configuration of
nodes and arrows, when the T-numbers of corresponding arrows are equal, and when
the I-numbers of corresponding arrows differ by some fixed number j mod 12." [7] "We call
networks that contain identical graphs 'strongly isographic'".[8] "Let the family of
transpositions and inversions on pitch classes be called 'the T/I group.'"[9]
"Any network can be retrograded by reversing all arrows and adjusting the
transformations accordingly."[7]
Klumpenhouwer's [true] conjecture: "nodes (a) and (b), sharing the same configuration
of arrows, will always be isographic if each T-number of Network (b) is the same as the
corresponding T-number of Network (a), while each I-number of Network (b) is exactly j
more than the corresponding I-number of Network (a), where j is some constant number
modulo 12."[6]
Five Rules for Isography of Klumpenhouwer Networks:

1. Klumpenhouwer Networks (a) and (b), sharing the same configuration of

nodes and arrows, will be isographic under the circumstance that each T-
number of Network (b) is the same as the corresponding T-number of
Network (a), and each I-number of Network (b) is exactly j more than the
corresponding I-number of Network (a). The pertinent automorphism of
the T/I group is F(1,j): F(1,j)(Tn)=Tn; F(1,j)(In) = In+J.
2. Klumpenhouwer Networks (a) and (b), will be isographic under the
circumstance that each T-number of Network (b) is the complement of the
corresponding T-number in Network (a), and each I-number of Network
(b) is exactly j more than the complement of the corresponding I-number
in Network (a)...F(11,j): F(11,j)(Tn)=T−n; F(11,j)(In)=I−n+j."
3. Klumpenhouwer Networks (a) and (b), will be isographic under the
circumstance each T-number of Network (b) is 5 times the corresponding
 T-number in Network (a), and each I-number of Network (b) is exactly j
more than 5 times the corresponding I-number in Network (a)...F(5,j):
F(5,j)(Tn)=T5n; F(5,j)(In)=I5n+j.[7]
4. Klumpenhouwer Networks (a) and (b), will be isographic under the
circumstance each T-number of Network (b) is 7 times the corresponding
T-number in Network (a), and each I-number of Network (b) is exactly j
more than 7 times the corresponding I-number in Network (a)...F(7,j):
F(7,j)(Tn)=T7n; F(7,j)(In)=I7n+j.
5. "Klumpenhouwer Networks (a) and (b), even if sharing the same
configuration of nodes and arrows, will not be isographic under any other
circumstances."[7]
"Any one of Klupmenhouwer's triadic networks may thus be understood as a segment of
cyclic set, and the interpretations of these and of the 'networks of networks'...efficiently
and economically represented in this way."[2]
If the graphs of chords are isomorphic by way of the appropriate F(u,j) operations, then
they may be graphed as their own network.[10]

Graph of graphs from the six chords of

Schoenberg's Pierrot lunaire, no. 4, mm. 13–14. [10]

Other terms include Lewin Transformational Network[11] and strongly isomorphic.[12]

See also[edit]
 Interval class
 Isography
 Similarity relation
 Tone row
 Transformation (music)
 Lewin's Transformational theory.
 Prolongation

Further reading[edit]
 in Generalized Musical Intervals and Transformations (New Haven and
London: Yale University Press, 1987), 159–160, David Lewin discusses "a
related network involving pitches and pitch intervals, rather than pitch classes
and pc interval".[13]
 Donald Martino (1961), "The Source Set and
Its Aggregate Formations", Journal of Music Theory 5, no. 2 (Fall): 224–273.
  Allen Forte, The Structure of Atonal Music (New Haven: Yale University
Press, 1973).
 John Rahn, Basic Atonal Theory (New York and London: Longman's, 1980).[14]
 Roeder, John (1989). "Harmonic Implications of Schönberg's Observations of
Atonal Voice Leading", Journal of Music Theory 33, no. 1 (Spring): 27–62.[15]
 Morris, Robert (1987). Composition with Pitch Classes, p. 167. New Haven
and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03684-1. Discusses
automorphisms.[9]

References[edit]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c Lewin, David (1990). "Klumpenhouwer Networks and Some Isographies That
Involve Them", p. 84, Music Theory Spectrum, vol. 12, no. 1 (Spring), pp. 83–120.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b Perle, George (1993). "Letter from George Perle", Music Theory Spectrum,
vol. 15, no. 2 (Autumn), pp. 300–303.
3. ^ Perle, George (1996). Twelve-Tone Tonality, p. 21. ISBN 0-520-20142-6.
4. ^ Lewin, David (1994). "A Tutorial on Klumpenhouwer Networks, Using the Chorale in
Schoenberg's
5. ), p. 87.
6. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Lewin (1990), p. 88.
7. ^ Lewin (1990, 84); Klumpenhouwer (1991, 329). cited in Klumpenhouwer (1994), p. 222.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b Lewin (1990, 86).
9. ^ Jump up to:a b Lewin (1990, 92).
10. ^ Klumpenhouwer (1991), p. 320. citing David Lewin (1988), Generalized Musical Intervals
and Transformations. (New Haven: Yale University Press), 154–244.
11. ^ Klupenhouwer (1991), p. 322.
12. ^ Lewin (1990), p. 83.
13. ^ Klumpenhouwer, Henry (1991). "Aspects of Row Structure and Harmony in Martino's
Impromptu Number 6", p. 318n1, Perspectives of New Music, vol. 29, no. 2 (Summer), pp.
318–354.
14. ^ cited in Klumpenhouwer (1991), p. 354: "Roeder is mostly, though not exclusively,
interested in common-tone relations between pairs of chords whose constitutive pitches are
related in ways he formalizes from remarks in Schönberg's Harmonielehre."

Category:
 Post-tonal music theory
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