EXPERIMENT - 06

R-L-C Circuit Analysis

NAME: SARTHAK SARAF

ROLL NO.: BTECH/10638/20

BRANCH: BIOTECHNOLOGY

SECTION: M
COURSE: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB (EE
102)

AIM OF EXPERIMENT :
R-L-C Circuit Analysis :
THEORY :

Sinusoidal input to series RLC circuit

With reference to figure 1, the application of Kirchoff's law results,

V=IR+jIXL+I / jωC,
Where,
VR = IR, VL=jIXL, VC= I / jωC
 V=I / (R+jωL+1 / jωC).......(1)
Let Z be the net impedance of the circuit, this gives from equation(1),

Or,

Z=R+j(ωL−1 / ωC) = √(R2+(ωL−1 /ωC)2)∠tan−1(ωL−1ωC/R)......(2)

Equation (2) gives the complex impedance(Z) which indicates that the
circuit will become inductive if ωL>1 / ωC and then the sign of the
angle of Z is positive. On the other hand, for ωL<1 / ωC, the circuit
will become capacitive and the sign of the angle of Z is negative.

Phasor Diagram :
The phasor diagram for Inductive and capacitive series R-L-C
circuit is given in figure 2 and 3 respectively.

[Fig 2: Phasor diagram for inductive circuit]


 [Fig 3: Phasor diagram for capacitive circuit]

PROCEDURE :
Circuit Diagram:

Circuit Diagram for experimental set-up of R-L-C circuit analysis

 ❖ Connect the circuit as shown in the diagram in figure 1.

❖ Adjust the rheostat for maximum resistance and the auto

transformer to the position of zero-output voltage and switch on
the supply.

❖ Adjust the voltage across the circuit to about 70 V and note

I, Vs,VL,VC,VR and W.

❖ Adjust the rheostat for several settings and repeat step 3. Adjust
the rheostat to the maximum setting and change the capacitance
to 140 µF and repeat step 4.

❖ Compare the values of phase angle as obtained from the meter

readings and from the phasor diagrams. (From the phasor
diagrams compute cosθ and θ). Draw phasor diagrams showing
I,Vs,VL,VC, and VR for different sets of readings.

OBSERVATION TABLE :
CALCULATION :
RESULT :
 The value of V can be rectified by knowing the
value of VR ,Vc , VL, by drawing phasor diagram and by
calculation are :-
I. When leading = 31.8519 V
II. When lagging = 51.066 V
III. When leading near to resonance = 63.482 V
which is observed value is approx equal to theoretical
value.
CONCLUSION :
➢ When the value of VS = 0 , VL = VC = VR = 0 , input = 0 , then
all the reading are observed to be zero.
➢ Depending on the values of the input capacitance and
inductance , the circuit is either with a leading phase angle or a
lagging phase angle.
➢ If XL > XC the circuit is inductive.
➢ If XC > XL the circuit is capacitive.