Advanced

Digital Systems

Dr. Sahar Hamed

Outline

• Block Diagram Representation of Discrete Systems

• Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT)
• Examples
• DTFT Properties
Block Diagram Representations of Systems
Described by Difference Equations
Example 1:
Draw the block diagram of the following discrete-time system.
Example 2:
Write the difference equation for the following system.
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
A discrete-time signal can be represented in the frequency domain
using a discrete-time Fourier transform.

DTFT
Discrete-Time Signal Continuous-frequency Signal

Inverse DTFT

DTFT helps in the analysis and design of Discrete-Time systems.

Discrete-Time Fourier Transform
 Remember:
Example 1:
Evaluate the DTFT for the following signal.
 Remember:
Example 2:
Evaluate the DTFT for the following signal.
 Remember:
Example 3:
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Properties
Periodicity

DTFT is periodic with period 2π

Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Properties
Linearity
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Properties
Time Shift Remember:
Example 2

If a signal x(n) is shifted by k in time domain

Then its DTFT is multiplied by e-jωk
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Properties
Frequency Shift

If a signal x(n) is multiplied by e-jωk

Then its DTFT is shifted by k
Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Properties
Convolution

Instead of convolving the discrete-time signals, you can

transform them into the frequency domain, then multiply them.
How to plot the DTFT of a signal?
Remember:
Euler Formula

ejπ = Cos π + i Sin π

ejπ = e-jπ = -1
Reading List
• Signals & Systems, Allan Oppenheim & Allan Wilsky
Chapter 5
Thank You