English 9 First Quarter Worksheet

Communicative styles
Types of
Speech Description Application Example
Styles

-Formal rigid and static

language, reliant on
Frozen/Fixed expertise; -Particular
Style vocabulary, previously
agreed upon, that rejects
slang.
-Formal settings and
-Presidential speech; -
important ceremonies. -
Anthem;-School creed;-The
Speaker to an audience
Lord’s prayer.
without response.

-Formal language; - -Speaking and writing in

Particular, previously agreed
upon vocabulary yet more
Formal Style allowing of slang,
contractions, ellipses and
qualifying modal adverbials;
-Writing and speaking.
formal and professional
settings, to medium to large
groups of people; -Speaking
and writing to strangers,
figures of authority,
professionals and elders.
-Formal meetings;-
Corporate meetings;-Court;-
Speeches and
presentations; -Interviews;-
Classes.

-Semi-formal vocabulary; -
Unplanned and reliant on
Consultative the listener’s responses;-
Style May include slang,
contractions, ellipses and
qualifying modal adverbials.
-Two-way communication and
dialogue, between two or
more people, without intimacy
or acquaintanceship.
-Group discussions; -
Teacher-student
communication; -Expert-
apprentice communication; -
Work colleagues
communication; -Employer-
employee communication; -
Talking to a stranger.

-Casual, flexible and

informal vocabulary;-
-Relaxed and casual
Unplanned and without a -Chats with friends and
environments; -Two or more
Casual Style particular order;-May include family;-Casual phone calls
people with familiarity and a
slang, contractions, ellipses or text messages.
relatively close relationship.
and qualifying modal
adverbials.

-Casual and relaxed

vocabulary. -Incorporates
nonverbal and personal
language codes (terms of
endearment, new
Intimate Style
expressions with shared
meaning). -May include
slang, contractions, ellipses
and qualifying modal
adverbials.
-Intimate settings, relaxed
and casual environments; -
Two or more people with an
intimate bond.
-Chats between best
friends, boyfriend and
girlfriend, siblings and other
family members, whether in
messages, phone calls, or
personally.

Review exercises
Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer the best answer.
1. What type of communicative style is having an exchange of conversations with a
counselor or psychiatrist?
a. Consultative
b. Casual
c. Formal
d. Intimate

2. What type of Communicative Speech Style is appropriate in the given situation, "The
Philippine Embassy Office disseminated an official announcement about the coming
typhoon to the Filipinos in Cambodia"?
a. Consultative
b. Frozen
c. Intimate
d. Formal
3. Which of the following phrases is an example of Formal Speech Style?
a. Presenting a delivery of an address speech at a UN Summit
b. Laughing about memorable experiences
c. Singing the national anthem
d. A doctor discussing the dangers of Covid-19
4. Which is not an example of an Intimate Speech Style?
a. A luxurious wedding ceremony
b. Conversation between a couple about their plans
c. Sharing of ideas among the family members
d. Sharing of secrets between best friends

Types of Texts
Informative Writing
Informative writing gives readers straightforward information about a topic.
It is usually non-fiction.
Purpose:
 to inform or present information
 to raise awareness and to do so objectively
 to educate (use resources that are reliable and scholarly)
Journalistic Writing
Journalistic writing is different from the other forms of literary texts. Unlike a
short story, poem, or novel, a journalistic text is more closely related to essay. News
reports, features, editorial, sports, and other columns in a newspaper or magazine
are considered journalistic texts.
Purpose:
 To quickly inform (news articles)
 To entertain (comics section, lifestyle column, feature)
 To persuade (editorial, opinion, column)
Literary Writing
Literary writing may not be entirely factual or timely. It may also cover
imaginary events or ideas. It also tends to be subjective where the most important
point may be found anywhere in the text.
Purpose:
 To express
 To entertain
 To communicate or appeal to the emotions

Review exercises

Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer the best answer.
1. It is a type of text which presents information that are found in radio, print or
television.
A. informative B. literary C. journalistic

2. It gives readers straightforward information about a topic.

A. literary B. informative C. journalistic

3. It is a type of text which is usually non-fiction or fiction.

A. informative B. journalistic C. literary

4. It is written originally by a writer.

A. journalistic B. literary C. informative

5. It is a type of text which is defined as a wide variety of imaginative and creative writing.
A. literary B. journalistic C. informative

6. It gives interests to people who would like to be inform of something.

A. Journalistic B. literary C. informative

7. It imparts straight forward information and facts; but never personal opinions.
A. literary B. journalistic C. informative

8. It relates to, or have the characteristics of humane learning.

A. literary B. informative C. journalistic

9. It is a type of text that imparts knowledge to the readers.

A. journalistic B. literary C. informative

10. It is a type of text which has shorter texts like for example: personal essays,
opinion pieces, speeches and literature essay.
A. informative B. journalistic C. literary

Word Formation Process

1. Compounding
Compounding is a type of word formation where we join two words side by side to create a new word. It is
very common type of word formation in a language. Some time we write a compound word with a hyphen
between two words and some time we keep a space and sometime we write them jointly. All these three
forms are common in all languages.
Common examples of word compounding are:
· Part + time = part-time
· Book + case = bookcase
· Low + paid = low-paid

2. Blending
Blending is the combination of two separate words to form a single new word. It is different from
compounding where we add two words side by side to make a new word but in blending we do not use
both words in complete sense but new/derived word has part of both words e.g. word smog and fog are
different words and when we blend them to make a new word, we use a part of each word to make a new
word that is smog. We took first two letters from first word (sm) from smoke and last two (og) from fog to
derive a new word smog.
Some more examples of blending are:
· Smoke + murk=smurk
· Smoke + haze= smaze
· Motel (hotel + motor)
· Brunch (breakfast + lunch )

3. Clipping
Clipping is the type of word formation where we use a part of word instead of whole word. This form of word
formation is used where there is a long/multi-syllable word and to save time we use a short one instead of
that long word e.g. the word advertisement is a long word and we use its short form ad (ads for plural form)
instead of whole word.
Here are some examples of clipping:
· Ad from advertisement
· Gas from gasoline
· Exam from examination
· Cab from cabriolet

4. Acronyms / Initialism
An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial letters in a phrase or a multi
syllable word (as in Benelux). The initials are pronounced as new single words. Commonly derived word
are written in upper case e.g. NATO.
Some common examples of acronyms are:
· CD is acronym of compact disk
· VCR is acronym of video cassette recorder
· NATO is acronym of North Atlantic Treaty Organization
· NASA is acronym of National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Review exercises
Multiple Choice: Read the statements carefully. Write the letter that corresponds to your
answer the best answer.
1. Which of the following words is an example of BLENDING?
a. SPEC b. BRUNCH c. DepEd d. sailboat

2. It is the process of forming a new word by dropping one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word.
a. Clipping b. Blending c. Acronym d. Compounding

3. He learned about the job from an Ad in the newspaper. What word in the sentence is an example
of CLIPPING?
a. Ad b. job c. He d. newspaper

4. What is the correct meaning of the acronym NASA?

a. National Ambassador and Space Administration
b. New Aeronautics and System Administration
c. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
d. National Aeronautics and Space Application

5. It is the process of combining two words to create a new word.

a. Blending b. Clipping c. Acronym d. Compounding

Modals
Modal verbs are used to express certain hypothetical conditions, such as advice, capability, or requests
(there’s a full list in the next section). They’re used alongside a main verb to change its meaning slightly.
Depending on the meaning they express, there are five main types of modal verbs:

Modals denoting ability: can and could. I can speak four languages.
Modals expressing permission: can and may. May I open the window?
Modals for likelihood: will, might, may, can, and could. It may rain today.
Modals denoting obligation: must and have to. You must do your homework regularly.
Modals for giving advice: should. I think you should stop smoking.
Review exercises

 Modal verbs always come first in a verb phrase. I can swim very well.
 Modal verbs are followed by bare infinitives. You should be more careful next time.
 You can’t add “-s”, “-ed”, or “-ing” to modals: Mary must work hard today.
 Modal verbs form their negative and interrogative like other auxiliaries: I can't dive.

Direction. Choose the correct modal verb. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer
the best answer.

1. I _________ pay my tuition fee if I had money.

a. Will
b. Would
c. May
d. Shall

2. I ____________ to go to the bank to pay my fees, but I have a bad cold.

a. Will
b. Ought
c. Should
d. Shall

3. There’s a sign “No Smoking”. You _________ not smoke here.

a. Will
b. Must
c. Shall
d. Could

4. You _______ take photos in the museum. They are really strict about it.
a. Will
b. Can
c. Can’t
d. Won’t

5. “Excuse me, ________ you pass the salt please?”

a. Must
b. Shall
c. Could
d. ought

Conditionals
Conditionals describe the result of something that might happen (in the present or future) or might have
happened but didn't (in the past) . They are made using different English verb tenses.

Conditional Usage If-Clause Main-Clause

Type

0 real condition + inevitable result present simple present simple

1 possible condition + probable result present simple will + base verb

2 hypothetical condition + possible past simple would + base verb

result

3 expired / unreal past condition + past perfect would have + past

possible past result participle

Direction. Choose the correct modal verb. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer
the best answer.

1. If Caloy had done his homework, he probably would have passed the class. What type of conditional is
the underlined verb?
a. Zero conditional
b. First conditional
c. Second conditional
d. Third Conditional

2. If I won in a lottery, I would donate some money in the orphanage. What type of conditional is the
underlined verb?
a. Zero conditional
b. First conditional
c. Second conditional
d. Third Conditional
3. "If I forget her birthday, Andrea gets upset." Which conditional is this?
A. zero B. first C. second D. third

4. "What will she do if she misses the bus?" Which conditional is this?
A. first B. second C. third D. Zero

Complete the conditional statements by supplying the appropriate form of the verb.
5. What would you do if it ________ on your wedding day?
A. rained B. will rain C. would rain D.rain
6. If she comes, I _____ call you.
A. Will B. would C. would have D. called

Tone
Tone is the author’s attitude toward the topic.
The author’s attitude is expressed through the words and details he or she selects.For example, textbooks
are usually written with an objective tone which includes facts and reasonable explanations.

The objective tone is matter-of-fact and neutral. The details are mostly facts. On the other hand, fiction and
personal essays are usually written with a subjective tone. A subjective tone uses words that describe
feelings, judgments, or opinions. The details are likely to include experiences, senses, feelings, and
thoughts.

 Objective tone is impartial. It does not show any feelings for or against a topic; therefore, it is unbiased or
neutral. Often objective tone uses higher level words andavoids pronouns such as I and you, creating a
formal tone.

 Subjective tone is personal, biased, emotional, and often informal.

Purpose
Purpose is the reason an author writes about a topic.
An author writes to share a main idea about a topic. An author’s main idea is directly related to the author’s
purpose. One of the three following purposes will drive a main idea: to inform, to entertain, and to
persuade.
To inform – to give information about a subject. Authors with this purpose wish to provide facts that will
explain or teach something to readers.

Example: Pain is a normal part of a physical process that lets us know something is wrong.
To entertain – to amuse and delight; to appeal to the reader’s senses and imagination.

Authors with this purpose set out to captivate or interest the audience.
Example: “Yes, I have gained weight. I weighed only 8 pounds when I was born.”

To persuade – to convince the reader to agree with the author’s point of view on a subject. Authors with this
purpose may give facts, but their main goal is to argue or prove a point to readers.
Example: The death penalty is deeply flawed and should be abolished.

Practice Exercises
Read the selection below and answer the questions that follow. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer the best answer.
Tony’s Place is crammed into a tiny building next to the Fine Arts Theater. The owners offer a menu of
Italian food. They’ve got the checkered table clothes, dim lights, and crusty bread. They also know how to
make a hearty red sauce. Too bad they use it to drown delicate fish. They also seem to lace everything with
truckloads of garlic. The service needs some work, too. Our waiter didn’t know what the specials were. Nor
did he think to refill our water glasses before we asked. With a combination of fake-friendly chatter and
outright nagging, he made us order, finish up, and clear out. He seemed to see us only as automatic tip
machines. The food and low prices bring the customers in the door. The service should not push them out.
1. The tone of the passage is
a. sad. c. plain and factual.
b. boastful. d. critical, or finds fault.

2. The writer says, “He seemed to see us only as automatic tip machines.” The tone of this sentence is
a. very serious. c. sympathetic.
b. threatening. d. sarcastic.

3. The writer’s main purpose is to

a. inform the reader. c. flatter the reader.
b. caution and entertain the reader. d. sell something to the reader.

4. In which sentence does the author use exaggeration to make a point about the food?
a. The owners offer a menu of Italian food.
b. They also know how to make a hearty red sauce.
c. They also seem to lace everything with truckloads of garlic.
d. The food and low prices bring the customers in the door.

Choose the tone word from the box that best describes each item.
a. sympathetic c. sad e. irritated
b. straightforward d. sarcastic f. threatening
5. “Please note in your checkbook how much money you spent using your ATM card
today.”
6. “Hey, lay off, you don’t have to nag me. I was going to do it anyway!”
7. “When are you going to take the garbage out? Sometime this year, maybe?”
8. “I know it’s been hard. And I appreciate all you are going through right now. If you will
just put the receipts on the counter, I will take care of the paperwork for you.”

Identify the author’s purpose for the following items.

I = to inform P = to persuade E = to entertain
9. Cloning human beings should be banned.
10.The best way to survive babysitting a set of triplets is to come armed with plenty of
energy, lots of patience, and a first-aid kit.

Imagery. If you’ve practiced or studied creative writing, chances are you’ve encountered the expression
“paint a picture with words.” In poetry and literature, this is known as imagery: the use of figurative
language to evoke a sensory experience in the reader. When a poet uses descriptive language well, they
play to the reader’s senses, providing them with sights, tastes, smells, sounds, internal and external
feelings, and even deep emotion. The sensory details in imagery bring works to life.

Personification. In writing, figurative language—using words to convey a different meaning outside the
literal one—helps writers express themselves in more creative ways. One popular type of figurative
language is personification: assigning human attributes to a non-human entity or inanimate object in an
effort to express a point or idea in a more colorful, imaginative way.

Symbolism is a literary device that uses symbols as stand-ins to represent something beyond the literal
meaning. All symbolism is united by the concept of a word or object representing something beyond its
literal meaning.

Metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares one thing to another for rhetorical effect. One of
the most famous examples of metaphor in the English language also happens to be a great example of this
technique. In William Shakespeare’s As You Like It, the playwright writes:
“All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players.”

Similes create a comparison using like and as. Perhaps you’ll recognize this famous example of simile
from Forrest Gump: “Life is like a box of chocolates.”
In this case, the reader is more explicitly aware of the direct comparison that’s being made versus a
metaphor or analogy. (Remember, a simile is a type of metaphor.) When it comes to simile use in writing, a
good rule of thumb is to approach with caution and use similes sparingly.
Direction. Choose the correct modal verb. Write the letter that corresponds to your answer
the best answer.
1. A figure of speech that compares two or more things with a similar quality and does not use “like” or “as”.
One thing is said to be another.
A. simile B. metaphor C. personification D. hyperbole

2. When an inanimate object or abstract image is given human qualities or abilities.

A. simile B. metaphor C. personification D. hyperbole
3. A figure of speech that compares two things by using “like” or “as.”
A. simile B. metaphor C. personification D. hyperbole
4. The author's overall attitude toward a subject is called
A. tone B. dissonance C. metaphor D. mood
5. The youth is the hope of the nation
a. Imagery b. Metaphor c. Simile d. Alliteration

PERFORMANCE TASK

Write an essay explaining all the topics you learned during the first
quarter. Be sure to include explanations and examples for each
topic or lesson.

DO NOT COPY PASTE ANYTHING!!!!!!

EXPLAIN WHAT YOU LEARNED USING YOUR
OWN WORDS.