Results and Discussion

The drying properties of granular solids, the drying rate curve, the critical and
equilibrium moisture contents of the solid, and the mass transfer and heat transfer coefficient
during the dryer's constant rate are all studied in this experiment.
The granulated material, which was continuously dried, was placed in a 996 g tray to
study the palay. Several samples were taken that had varied net weight.

Table 1. Characteristics of Solids

ms M t −M t
R= ( 1
)
2

A t 2−t 1

Where: R= rate of drying, ms =weight of bone dry solid, A= Area, M t = total moisture content and
t= drying time

Table 1 gives data on a variable number of palay samples subjected to constant drying
conditions; the variable number of solids has varying moisture content even as time passes.
Inaccuracies and inconsistencies in moisture content may be explained by practical
considerations and unsystematic reasons.
 Figure X. Moisture Content vs. Drying Rate

Moisture Content vs Drying Rate

0.9
0.8
Drying Rate, g/min-m2

0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25
-0.1
Moisture Content

Figure X. There is a significant difference because of the inaccuracy or systematic error

that rendered the graph unreadable, the chemical engineering students determined that crucial
moisture content was best exhibited in Sample 59 with a moisture content of 4.9477214%.
Furthermore, the equilibrium moisture content of 0.9092448% was measured on Sample 91.
The intentional errors and lack of information make determining the tray drier's heat mass
transfer coefficient impossible. It was initiated by the chemical engineering students as a
complement to identify related literature that may benefit potential consumers of the lab report.
Golpour et al., 2021 examined the heat and mass transfer characteristics during the convective
drying process of paddy (Oryza Sativa L.).
The effective diffusivity of moisture transfer, calculated using Fick's second law of
diffusion, ranges from 1.109x1011 to 5.858x1010 m2 s1, with the highest Dincer, Biot, Reynolds,
and Nusselt numbers obtained being 2.383x105, 0.2026, 1.833 107, and 8,434, respectively. The
results show that the coefficient of mass transfer (hm) for paddy ranges between 5.118x108 and
4.807x106 m s1, while the heat transfer coefficient (hc) ranges between 811 and 2,474 W m2 K1.
Furthermore, the activation energies obtained for moisture diffusion (Ed) and convective mass
transfer (Ec) are in the 50.538-61.825 kJ mol1 and 72.325-87.386 kJ mol1 ranges, respectively.