ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

[ SESSION 2023-24 ]

ST. JOHN’S ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL , KHARSIA

[ CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION , NEW DELHI ]

CLASS - XII

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

PROJECT ON –

“HYDROPONICS”

GUIDED BY : - SUBMITTED BY :-
MISS PRITI MINZ DEVENDRA PRASAD DHIRHE

PGT BIOLOGY CLASS XII , BOARD ROLL No

N
 BIODATA

NAME DEVENDRA PRASAD DHIRHE

CLASS XII

SUBJECT BIOLOGY

ROLL No. 05

CBSE EXAM No.

SCHOOL ST JOHNS ENG. MED. SCHOOL

 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled

“Hydroponics” submitted for my original work &
the project have not formed the basis for the award
for any degree associate ship, fellowship or any other
similar titles.
The whole project is carried out in the Biology
Laboratory of St. John’s English Medium School
Kharsia , Raigarh (C.G) .

- Devendra Prasad Dhirhe

- XII
 SUBMITTING CERTIFICATE

I DEVENDRA PRASAD DHIRHE hereby to submit

my Biology Project as evidence on my work in
Biology laboratory in academic session 2023-24.

Place : St John’s English Medium School ,Post Office

–Anjoripali, Kharsia , Raigarh , (C.G) .
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that ‘ Devendra Prasad Dhirhe ’ of

class 12th of ST. JOHN’S ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL ,
Kharsia , Raigarh (C.G) , has completed and
undergone the major project work in biology in the
year 2023-24 on “Hydroponics” under the guidance
and supervision of ‘Miss Priti Minz Ma’am as,
prescribed by CBSE course at our organization. It is
further certified that this project is the individual
work of the student. During his tenure with us we
found him sincere and hardworking. We wish him a
great success in his life in future.

Internal Examiner Principal’s Signature

School Stamp
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my subject teacher “Miss Priti Minz
Ma’am” to give her guidance to make the successful
completion of this project.
I also want to give special thanks to our principal
“Fr. Suresh Toppo” who gave me this golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic
“Hydroponics”, so that I will get to know about
detailed information for the same.
Secondly I would like to thank my parents and
classmates who helped me to complete this project
within the given time frame.

- Devendra Prasad Dhirhe

- XII
 contents
contents

• Introduction
• Why there is need of vertical farming?
• Working of vertical farming
• Advantages of vertical farming
• Disadvantages of vertical farming
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
 introdution

Hydroponics is basically growing plants without soil. Soil's

function is to supply plants nutrients and to anchor the plants'
roots. In a hydroponic garden, you provide your plants with a
complete nutrient formula and an inert growing medium to
anchor your plants' roots so they have easier access to the food
and water.
Because the food is dissolved in water, it goes directly to the
roots. Plants grow faster and are ready for harvest sooner. You
can grow more plants in the same space as you can with a soil
garden, and since there’s no soil, there’s no worry about soil-
borne diseases or pests – and no weeding.
 Why there is need of vertical farming?
Vertical farming is the practice of growing crops in vertically
stacked layers. It often incorporates controlled-environment
agriculture, which aims to optimize plant growth, and soilless
farming techniques such as hydroponics, aquaponics, and
geoponics. Some common choices of structures to house
vertical farming systems include buildings, shipping containers,
tunnels, and abandoned mine shafts.
So, the main reason for utilizing vertical farming technologies is
the increased crop yield that comes with a smaller unit area of
land requirement. The increased ability to cultivate a larger
variety of crops at once because crops do not share the same
plots of land while growing is another sought-after advantage.
Additionally, crops are resistant to weather disruptions because
of their placement indoors, meaning less crops lost to extreme
or unexpected weather occurrences. Lastly, because of its
limited land usage, vertical farming is less disruptive to the
native plants and animals, leading to further conservation of
the local flora and fauna.
Current applications of vertical farming coupled with other
state-of-the-art technologies, such as specialized LED lights,
have resulted in over 10 times the crop yield than compared to
normal traditional methods.
Vertical Farming is thus regarded as a realistic future farming
system, which may offer the stable model needed for future
food production, to provide for the 3 billion increase in
population predicted by 2050.

Working of vertical farming

Vertical farming is the practice of food production that takes
the form of vertically stacked layers and vertically inclined
surfaces. The method is executed inside a controlled
environment building, usually without soil or natural light.

The method of growing the crops in a vertical farm involves the

following elements.
• Temperature control
• Humidity control
• Artificial lighting.

The most widely discussed benefit of indoor vertical farming is

its ability to greatly conserve natural resources such as water,
land, and nutrients while concurrently improving harvests for
select crops such as leafy greens, tomatoes, and herbs.
The processes that involve in vertical farming are:-
A nutrient tank contains both micronutrients and
macronutrients that are needed for the growth and
development of the plants.
The nutrient tank also contain air pump for producing bubbles
for availability of oxygen.
The growth beds that contains plants that are present in
different stalks layer by layer.
The system contains both the inlet and outlet for passing the
nutrient solution from tank to the growth beds.
Now the first step is to pass the nutrient solution from the tank
to the growth bed by a water pump through pipe that connects
both of them.
Now, the plants present in the growth bed absorb the nutrients
through the roots that is dissolved in the growth bed.
As the growth beds filled by the nutrient solution over time, the
solution pass through the outlet.
Now the remaining solution again come back to the nutrient
tank through the pipe that connects the outlet and tank.

This process run as a cycle and produce the maximum yield.

 Hydroponics based farming

 Advantages of vertical
vertical farming
There are many advantages of vertical farming. They are as
follows:

• It uses less land but yield more.

• It offers a plan to handle future food demands.

• It allows crops to grow year-round.

• It uses significantly less water.

• Weather doesn't affect the crops.

• There is less exposure to chemicals and

• Disease

Disadvantages of vertical farming

• It could be very costly to build, involve high labour costs
and economic feasibility studies haven't yet been finished.

• Pollination would be very difficult and costly.

• It relies too much on technology and one day of power

loss would be devastating.

• Limited variety of plants can be grown such as herbs,

shrubs and small flower plants. This type of farming
systems does not support cropping of tall trees.
 conclusion
conclusion
While the vertical farming market continues to make inroads in
the U.S., Japan perhaps has seen the most success of any
country.
Vertical farming technologies are still relatively new.
Companies are yet to successfully produce crops at scale and
make it economically feasible to meet the growing food
demand. The performance of farms like Aero Farms will
determine how important a role vertical farming will play in the
future to face the challenge of growing food demand.
It is worth noting, however, that technologies developed for
vertical farms are also being adopted by other segments of the
$300 billion indoor farming sector, such as greenhouses, which
can utilize natural sunlight, albeit requiring much more real
estate and longer routes to market.

Bibilography

• https://www.thebalancesmb.com
• https://www.bbc.com › future › article
• https://www.mdpi.com ›
• https://nuffieldinternational.org ›