SRI CHAITANYA Jr.

KALASALA, VAISHNAVI CAMPUS, BACHUPALLY

Characteristics MALVACEAE FABACEAE/PAPILIONOIDEAE ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE POACEAE /GRAMINAE
One of the sub family of Family of
It is known as mustard family. It is known as mallow family.
leguminosae. It is also Also called sun flower family. Advanced cerearls
Mainly Mainly
General description termed as pea family. family. Largest family distributed through ubiquitous
distributed in tropics distributed in tropics
Distributed all over out the world in occurance
and substropics and substropics
the world. largest monocot family
Annual herbs
Habit Annual or perennial herbs Herbs, shrubs and trees. Trees, shrubs, herbs. (Helianthus, Annual or perennial Herbs
Tagetus, Dahlia)
Tap root, fusiform/
Tap root but in
napiform tuberous roots may Tap root with Fibrous roots, stilt roots in maize,
Root Profusely branched tap root. Dahlia fasiculated
found. root nodules. jowar, sugarcane
roots/fibrous roots

Usually herbaceous, erect, much branched

Herbaeous stem with (brancing rare in Grasses have hollow stem at
Erect, branched with Erect or climber,
Stem pungent watery fluid. Dahlia and Helianthus) solid, sometimes internodes. stem is
star-shaped trichormes. herbaceous.
Have stellate hairs. with milky latex. In Helianthus jointed called culm
tuberous stem stores food

Alternate, pinnately Usually alternate but occasionally opposite

Simple, alternate Leaves are narrow
Simple rarely compound, compound or simple (as Helianthus)
palmately lobed, alternate Leaf base is
Leaves alternate, sessile leaves, reticulate or in Whorl (Eupatorium),
stipulate, reticulate sheath like Venation is
exstipulate, reticulate venation. venation, pulvinate leaf base exstipulate, petiolate, simple
venation. parallel, Contain silica, hence hard
stipulate. or compound venation reticulate.

Head or capitulum with involucre of bracts

Usually two types of
florets are found in inflorescence viz,
zygomorphic, ligulate or ray
Solitary terminal or Spike of spikelets
florets and actinomorphic tubular or disc
Inflorescence Corymobse raceme or corymb. axillary cymose or Racemose, (panicle in Dalbergia) In maize, female -spadix,
florets. In inflorescence,
raceme. Male-spike, Wheat-compoud spike
ray florets are found towards the
periphery (they are older in nature)
and disc florets are distributed near
centre (thus younger)
Bracteate, sessile
Bisexual, actinomorphic Sessile, Bracteate,
Bisexual, bracteate, Bisexual, zygomorphic, actinomorphic (disc
(may be zygomorphic), bisexual, unisexual in maize,
actinomorphic, bracteate or ebracteate, florets) or zygomorphic
Flower hypogynous, Zygomorphic hypogynous
complete pentamerous, pentamerous, hypogynous, (ray florets) epigynous
bracteate/ebracteaete, Sterile bracts called glumes are
hypogynous. complete and pentamerous.
tetramerous. present
Characteristics BRASSICACEAE/ CRUCIFERAE
Four, free, polysepalous in two
Calyx
whorls, 2+2 valvate aestivation
Four, polypetalous
Corolla cruciform and reduced.
valvate aestivation
Six stamens arranged in two
Androecium whorls, 2+4, polyandrous
tetradynamous, dithecous.
Bicarpellary, syncarpous
superior ovary with
Gynoecium
parietal placentation.
Replum/false septum is present
Usually cross pollination
Pollination
Entomophily
Fruit Siliqua or silicula
MALVACEAE
epicalyx formed by bracteoles
is present below the calyx and
is protective in nature. Sepals
5, fused, gamosepalous,
valvate aestivation
Five, petals free, but
basally adnate, twisted
aestivation.
Numerous stamens
Monadelphous
epipetalous,
monothecous, extrorse
anthers reniform, dehiscence
transverse
A compund pistil of
two to many carpels,
syncarpous, axile
ovules, single style, Ovary superior
placentation.
Usually cross pollination
Entomophily favoured by
protandry and Herkogamy
Capsule or schizocarp.
FABACEAE/PAPILIONOIDEAE
Five, gamolous
imbricate/valvate aestivation
Five, polypetalous,
papilionaceous (posterior
standard, two lateral
wings, keel enclosing
pistil and stamen),
vexillary aestivaiton.
Ten, diadelphous,(9)+1,
anther dithecous,
introrse.
monocarpellary,
unilocular with many
marginal placentation.
Usually cross pollination
piston mechanism
but self pollination in
pisum and lathyrus
Entomophily
Legume/Pod
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE POACEAE /GRAMINAE
Perianth: Highly reduced, 2 in
5 modified into hairs or pappus. number, reduced to pin head like
Persistent, help in fruit dispersal lodicules. In bamboo, 3 are
present
5, Gamopetalous,
tubular in disc florets
but ligulate in ray
florets, aestivation valvate.
Stamens 5, absent in ray florets.
Syngenesious (anther lobes are
Usually 3 but sometimes
fused laterally but the filaments are free)
6 (as in Oryza), filament long,
epipetalous, anthers
anthers versatile,
dithecous fused to form a tube like
dithecous, dehiscence
structure around the style. Anthers
longitudingal.
introse, dithecous, dehiscence
longitudinal
Monocarpellary (actually
tricarpellary but only one carpel is
functional),
bicarpellary, syncarpous, unilocular,
unilocular, ovary superior, style
superiour ovary. Style long, stigma bifid,
long, stigma 2 and feathery (plants
single ovule, basal placentation
are always wind pollinated).
Placentation basal.
Usually cross pollination
Favoured by protandry and Herkogamy Usually cross pollination
Entomophily Anemophily
In disc florets some times self pollination favoured by protandry
occurs by saftey mechanism
A single single seeded Caryopsis
seeded cypsela.
 Characteristics BRASSICACEAE/ CRUCIFERAE
Seed Small non-endospermic
Floral formula
Floral diagram
i) The members of this
family are sources of food,
e.g. Brassica campestris
(mustard),
B. oleracea (cauliflower), Brassica
rapa (turnip) and Raphanus sativus
(radish).
ii) Medicines, e.g. Iberis
amara (gout and rheumatism),
Lobularia (gonorrhoea), Lepidium
sativum (asthma and piles)
Economic iii) Ornamentals, e.g. Iberis
Importance amara (candytuft),
Cherianthus cheiri (wall
flower), etc.
vi) oil- seeds of Brassica
MALVACEAE
Seed with curved embryo and
scanty One to many and non-endospermic
endosperm.
i) These plants are used
as food, e.g.
Abelmoschus esculentus
(lady's finger).
Hibiscus cannabis (gongura)
ii) Ornamentals, e.g.
Althaea rosea (gulekhera),
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis(China
rose),
iii) Medicines: roots and bark
of Urena lobata are used as a
cure for hydrophobia.
iv) Fibres, e.g.
Gossypium sp. (cotton),
Bombax ceiba (silk cotton)
v) Edible oil, e.g. cotton.
FABACEAE/PAPILIONOIDEAE
i) Members of this family are
mainly
used as food, i.e. pulses, e.g. gram,
arhar, sem, moong, soybean, etc.
ii) Fodder, e.g.
Trifolium, Sesbania, etc.
iii) Edible oil, e.g. soybean, ground
nut
iv) For fibres, e.g. sunhemp.
v) Ornamentation, e.g. lupin, sweet
pea.
VI) For the extraction of medicines,
e.g
mulaithi.
VII) Dye-Indigofera (blue)
ASTERACEAE/COMPOSITAE
dicotyledonous, non endospermic
i) Oil Yielding plants : Helianthus annus
(sunflower oil), Carthamus (Safflower oil)
ii) Medicinal plants: Artemisia, Eclipta
alba used as hair tonic with
brahmi buti and commonly known as
Bringraj,
Calendula officinalis
iii) Insecticide: Chrysanthemum
cinerariifolium
- Pyrethrum
iv) Food Yielding plants: Latuca sativa
(Lettuce or Salad)
Cicborium intybus (chikori powder/Coffee
blend)
v) Weeds: Parthenium hysterophorus
commonly called
carrot grass or congress grass.
vi) Dyes - Carthamus (red),
Tagetus (Yellow)
POACEAE /GRAMINAE
monocotyledonous, endospermic
i) Members of this family are mainly
used as food
1) Tritium aestivum
(bread wheat) - a natural hexaploid
2) Oryza sativa (Paddy)
-Chief cereal of India,
bran oil obtained from husk
3) Zea mays (Maize) - food crop,
inflorescence unisexual, style
longest.
4) Hordeum vulgare (Barley)
-Oldest amongst cultivated plants.
5) Pennisetum typhoidum
(Pearl millet or Bajra) -A food
crop, straw used as fodder.
ii) Fodder - Cynodon, Panicum,
Cymbopogon iii)
Sugar - Saccharum
iv) Building material - Bamboo
v) Paper making - Grasses,
Bamboo