STOICHIOMETRY

RECIPE
1 cup flour + 2 eggs + ½ tsp baking powder → 5 pancakes
Other conversion from the recipe:
1 cup flour : 5 pancakes
½ tsp baking powder : 5 pancakes
There is a relationship among the ingredients themselves.
1 cup flour : ½ tsp baking powder
Mole-to-Mole Conversions (Mole Ratio)
The balanced equation shows that 3H2
molecules react with 1 N2 molecule to
form 2 NH3 molecules.
We can express these relationships as
the following ratios.
3 H2 molecules : 1 N2 molecule : 2 NH3 molecules
OR
3 mol H2 : 1 mol N2 : 2 mol NH3
 Mole-to-Mole Conversions (Mole Ratio)
3 mol H2 : 1 mol N2 : 2 mol NH3
If we have 3 mol of N2, and more than enough H2 how much NH3
can we make?
Given: 3 mol N2
Find: mol NH3
Relationships Used: 1 mol N2 : 2 mol NH3 (from balanced equation)
Solution:
Answer: 6 mol NH3
 Mole-to-Mole Conversions (Mole Ratio)
C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
If we have 10 mol of O2, and more than enough C3H8 how much
CO2 can we make?
Given: 10 mol of O2
Find: mol CO2
Relationships Used: 5 mol O2 : 3 mol CO2 (from balanced equation)
Solution:

Answer: 6 mol CO2

 Mole-to-Mole Conversions (Mole Ratio)
2 Na + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + H2
If we have 5 mol of Na, and more than enough H2O how much
NaOH can we make?
Given: 5 mol of Na
Find: mol NaOH
Relationships Used: 2 mol Na : 2 mol NaOH (from balanced equation)
Solution:

Answer: 5 mol NaOH

 ACTIVITY TIME!
Mole-to-Mole Conversions

1. Considering the reaction:

2 C2H6 + 7 O2 → 4 CO2 + 6 H2O?

a. How many moles of CO2 are formed when 5

moles of ethane C2H6 are consumed?
b. How many moles of CO2 are formed when 1
mole of O2 is consumed?
c. How many moles of H2O are formed when 5
moles of ethane C2H6 are consumed?
MASS-TO-MASS CONVERSIONS
Relationships between mass of reactants and mass of products

where A and B are two different substances involved in the reaction

• We use the molar mass of A to convert from mass of A to moles of A.
• We use the ratio from the balanced equation to convert from moles
of A to moles of B, and we use the molar mass of B to convert moles
of B to mass of B.
 Mass-to-Mass Conversions
1. Suppose we want to calculate the mass of CO2 emitted upon
the combustion of 5.0 X 10 g of pure octane. The balanced
2
chemical equation for octane combustion is:
2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O
Given: 5.0 X 102 g C8H18
Find: g CO2
Solution Map: Mass A → Moles A → Moles B → Mass B; where A is
octane and B is carbon dioxide.
 Mass-to-Mass Conversions
Suppose we want to calculate the mass of CO2 emitted upon the
combustion of 5.0 X 10 g of pure octane. The balanced chemical
2
equation for octane combustion is: 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O
Relationships Used:

Solution: begin with the given

Answer: 1.5 x 103 g CO2

 Mass-to-Mass Conversions
2. Calculate the mass of hydrogen formed when 27 g of aluminum
reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the balanced equation
below. 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Given: 27 g Al
Find: g H2
Solution Map: Mass A → Moles A → Moles B → Mass B; where A is
aluminum and B is hydrogen gas.
 Mass-to-Mass Conversions
2. Calculate the mass of hydrogen formed when 27 g of aluminum
reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the balanced equation
below. 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Relationships Used: 2 mol Al: 3 mol H2
Molar mass Al= 26.98 g/mol
Molar mass H2= 2.02 g/mol
Solution: begin with the given

Answer: 3.03 g H2
 ACTIVITY TIME!
Mass-to-Mass Conversions

1. What mass in grams of AgCl is produced when

4.22 g of AgNO3 react with enough AlCl3? Use
the following equation: 3AgNO3 + AlCl3 →
Al(NO3)3 + 3AgCl
2. How many grams of H2O will be formed when
32.0 g H2 is allowed to react with O2 according
to 2 H2 + O2 → 2H2O?
3. Calculate the mass of CO2 emitted upon the
combustion of 12 g of pure propane C3H8.
Equation: C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
MOLE-TO-MASS CONVERSIONS
 Mole-to-Mass Conversions
1. If we have 3.59 mol of Fe2O3, how many grams of SO3
can react with it?
Fe2O3 + 3 SO3 → Fe2(SO4)3
Given: 3.59 mol Fe2O3
Find: g SO3
Solution Map: Moles A (given) → Moles B (find) → Mass B (find)
(use mole ratio as (use molar mass
conversion factor) as conversion factor)
 Mole-to-Mass Conversions
1. If we have 3.59 mol of Fe2O3, how many grams of SO3 can
react with it?
Fe2O3 + 3 SO3 → Fe2(SO4)3
Relationships Used: 1 mol Fe O : 3 mol SO
2 3 3

Molar mass SO3 = 80.07 g/mol

Solution:

Answer: 862.35 g SO3

 Mole-to-Mass Conversions
2. How many grams of CO2 are produced if 2.09 mol of
HCl are reacted according to this balanced chemical
equation?
CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Given: 2.09 mol HCl
Find: g CO2
Solution Map: Moles A (given) → Moles B (find) → Mass B (find)
 Mole-to-Mass Conversions
2. How many grams of CO2 are produced if 2.09 mol of HCl are
reacted according to this balanced chemical equation?
CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Relationships Used: 2 mol HCl : 1 mol CO2

Molar mass CO2 = 44.01 g/mol

Solution:

Answer: 46.0 g CO2

MASS-TO-MOLE CONVERSIONS
 Mass-to-Mole Conversions
1. How many moles of SO3, are required to react
completely with 75 g of Fe2O3?
Fe2O3 + 3 SO3 → Fe2(SO4)3
Given: 75 g Fe2O3
Find: mol SO3
Solution Map: Mass A (given) → Moles A (given) → Mole B (find)
(use molar mass as (use mole ratio
conversion factor) as conversion factor)
 Mass-to-Mole Conversions
1. How many moles of SO3, are required to react completely
with 75 g of Fe2O3?
Fe2O3 + 3 SO3 → Fe2(SO4)3
Relationships Used: Molar mass Fe2O3 = 159.7 g/mol
1 mol Fe2O3 : 3 mol SO3
Solution:

Answer: 1.41 mol SO3

 Mass-to-Mole Conversions
2. How many moles of H2O are produced if 250 g of
CaCO3 are reacted according to this balanced chemical
equation?
CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Given: 250 g CaCO3
Find: mol H2O
Solution Map: Mass A (given) → Moles A (given) → Moles B (find)
 Mass-to-Mole Conversions
2. How many moles of H2O are produced if 250 g of CaCO3 are
reacted according to this balanced chemical equation?
CaCO3 + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Relationships Used: Molar mass CaCO3= 100.09 g/mol
1 mol CaCO3 : 1 mol H2O
Solution:

Answer: 2.50 mol H2O

 ACTIVITY TIME!
Mass-Mole / Mole-Mass Conversions

1. How many moles of Al(NO3)3 are

produced if 20 g of AgNO3 react with
enough AlCl3? Use the following equation:
3 AgNO3 + AlCl3 → Al(NO3)3 + 3 AgCl
2. How many grams of glucose (C6H12O6)
are produced if 17.3 mol of H2O are reacted
according to this balanced chemical
equation?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
 ACTIVITY TIME!
Mass-Mole / Mole-Mass Conversions

3. Calculate the mole of CO2 emitted upon

the combustion of 15 g of pure propane
C3H8.
Equation: C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
4. How many grams of H2O are produced if
10.5 mol of C2H6 are reacted according to
this balanced chemical equation?
2 C2H6 + 7 O2 → 4 CO2 + 6 H2O?
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