STOICHIOM

ETRY
is the study of quantities of
reactants and products in a
chemical reaction.
S
T “stoicheion/ stochio”
O Greek for element
I
C metron
I Greek for measure
O The “math” of chemistry
M
E
T The study of the quantities of
reactants and products in a chemical
R
reaction.
Y
S Law of Conservation of Mass
T
O It is based on the Law of
I Conservation of Mass.
C
The law states that matter is
I neither created nor destroyed in a
O chemical reaction.
M
E Meaning that the mass of the
T reactants MUST equal the mass
R of the products.
Y
 comes from Latin meaning heap or
The Mole a huge pile

Similar to how a dozen = 12 things

the quantity which is equal to the
6.02 x 1023 particles of any substance.
One mole = 602 billion trillion things
(602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)
Example:
1 mol Hydrogen (H) = 6.02 x 10 23 atoms
6.02 X 1023 (in scientific notation)
Amedeo Avogadro

An Italian scientist first

suggested that it might be
impossible to count atoms.

This is indeed a very large

number that reflects the fact
that atoms are very small
 ● 6.02 X is called Avogadro’s
number.
● Amedeo Avogadro (1776 – 1856)
● Mole is abbreviated mol

Avogadro’s number – the fixed number of particles in one mole of a

substance

Avogadro’s Number= 6.02 x 1023 particles

Molar Mass
– the mass of 1 mole of a substance or a compound
Example:
Molar mass of Hydrogen (H) = 1 g/mol
1 mole (mol)

This implies 2 things:

1. The atomic mass expressed in g is different for
each element. The mass is known as the molar
mass of the element.
2. Avogadro’s number of atoms is the same for all
elements
A mole is equal to 3 things:

 1 mole = gram formula mass

(molar mass)

 1 mole = 6.02 X particles

(atoms, molecules)

 1mole = 22.4 liters of a gas at

STP

Mole Concept
 The Mole Island
𝑚𝑜𝑙 6.02 𝑥 1023 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑔𝑥 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥
𝑔 1𝑚𝑜𝑙

Mass Molar Mass Mole Avogadro’s Number Particles

𝑔
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑥 1𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑥
6.02 𝑥 1023 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠
Practice Problem
No. 1

How many moles are there in 75.37 grams of Iron (III)

oxide [Fe2O3]?
Solving for the molar mass of Fe2O3:

1 mol Fe2O3 F - 2 x 56 g/mol = 112 g/mol

75.37 g Fe2O3 x ___________ e
O - 3 x 16 g/mol = _________
48 g/mol
160 g Fe2O3
160 g/mol

= 0.47 mol Fe2O3

Practice Problem
No. 2

How many grams are there in 5.17 moles of NaCl?

Solving for the molar mass of NaCl:

58 g NaCl Na - 1 x 23 g/mol = 23 g/mol

5.17 mol NaCl x ___________
Cl - 1 x 35 g/mol = _________
35 g/mol
1mol NaCl
58 g/mol

= 299.86 g NaCl
Practice Problem
No. 3

How many particles are there in 1.5 moles of CO2?

6.02 x 1023 particles CO2

1.5 mol CO2 x ________________________
1mol CO2

= 9.03 x 1023 particles CO2

 Mole Ratios
• You can use the coefficients in a balanced chemical
equation to write mole ratios.

• A mole ratio is a ratio between the number of

moles of any 2 substances in a chemical equation.
Example:
2H2O2 → O2 + 2H2O

2 mol H2O2 = 1 mol O2 2 mol H2O2 = 2 mol H2O

 MASS
RELATIONSHIPS

Relating the mass of any substance A to the mass of

another substance B in a reaction.

If 4.5 g of H2 is reacted with excess oxygen, determine the

following:
1. Number of moles of O2 needed to completely react with H2.
2. Number of moles of H2O produced.
 MASS
RELATIONSHIPS

1. Make sure the equation is balanced.

 MASS
RELATIONSHIPS
2. Mole ratios
2 moles of H2 = 1 mole of O2
1 moles of H2 = 2 g H2
1 mole of O2 = 32 g of O2
Solving for the molar mass of H2:
H 2 x 1 g/mol
If 4.5 g of H2 is reacted with
excess oxygen, determine the
following:
1. Number of moles of O2
needed to completely react
with H2.
2 g/mol
 MASS
RELATIONSHIPS
3. Formula = given ()

If 4.5 g of H2 is reacted with excess oxygen,

determine the following:
1. Number of moles of O2 needed to completely
react with H2.

() ()
4.5 𝑔𝑜𝑓 H 2 =
2. Number of moles of H2O produced.
 MASS
RELATIONSHIPS
3. Formula = given ()

If 4.5 g of H2 is reacted with excess oxygen,

determine the following:

2 mole of H2 = 2 moles of H2O 2. Number of moles of H2O produced.

1 mole of O2 = 2 moles of H2O
()
1.13 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑜𝑓 H 2 =
()
4.5 𝑔𝑜𝑓 H 2 =
 MASS
RELATIONSHIPS
3. Formula = given ()

If 4.5 g of H2 is reacted with excess oxygen,

determine the following:

2 mole of H2 = 2 moles of H2O 2. Number of moles of H2O produced.

1 mole of O2 = 2 moles of H2O

4.5 𝑔𝑜𝑓 H 2 () =
2.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙 H()2 =
 Sample problem # 2
 The combustion of a mineral pyrite (FeS2) produces
another mineral hematite (Fe2O3) and sulfur dioxide SO2.
From the given equation:
FeS2 + O2 → Fe2O3 + SO2
a. How many g of O2 will react with 75 g of FeS2?
b. How many g each of Fe2O3 and SO2 will be produced
from the reaction of 75 g of FeS2 with 55.1 g of O2?
c. How many atoms of O2 will react with 75 g of FeS2 ?
 FeS2 + O2 → Fe2O3 + SO2
a) How many g of O2 will react with 75 g of FeS2?
• Step 1: Write a balanced equation: 4 FeS + 11O → 2 Fe O + 8SO
2 2 2 3 2

Step 2: mole ratios : 11 moles of O2 = 4 moles of FeS2

1 moles of O2 = 32 g O2 Fe = 56
mass of O2 S = 32 (2) =
1 moles of = 120 g of FeS2
64
Step 3: Formula = givenFeS
x conversion
2 factor
M M = 120 g
75 g of FeS2

= 55 g of O2
 FeS2 + O2 → Fe2O3 + SO2
b) How many g each of Fe2O3 and SO2 will be produced from the
reaction of 75 g of FeS2 with 55.1 g of O2?
• Step 1: Write a balanced equation: 4 FeS2 + 11O2 → 2 Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Step 2: mole ratios : 2 moles of Fe2O3 = 4 mole of FeS2 Fe = 1(56)=56
S = 2 (32)= 64
1 mole of FeS2 =120 g of FeS2
M M = 120 g
Mass of Fe2O3 1 mole of Fe2O3 =160 g of Fe2O3
Fe = 2(56)=112
Step 3:
O = 3 (16)= 48
Formula = given x conversion factor M M = 160 g

75 g of FeS2

= 50 g of Fe2O3
 FeS2 + O2 → Fe2O3 + SO2
b) How many g each of Fe2O3 and SO2 will be produced from the
reaction of 75 g of FeS2 with 55.1 g of O2?
• Step 1: Write a balanced equation: 4 FeS2 + 11O2 → 2 Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Step 2: mole ratios : 8 moles of SO2 = 4 mole of FeS2 Fe = 1(56)=56
1 mole of FeS2 =120 g of FeS2 S = 2 (32)= 64
Mass of SO2 M M = 120 g
1 mole of SO2 =64 g of SO2
Step 3: S = 1(32)=32
O = 2 (16)= 32
Formula = given x conversion factor M M = 64 g

75 g of FeS2

= 80 g of SO2
 FeS2 + O2 → Fe2O3 + SO2
c) How many atoms of O2 will react with 75 g of FeS2 ?
• Step 1: Write a balanced equation: 4 FeS2 + 11O2 → 2 Fe2O3 + 8SO2
Step 2: mole ratios : 11 moles of O2 = 4 mole of FeS2
1 mole of O2 = 6.02 x 10 23 atoms of O2
Atoms of O2 1 mole of FeS2 =120 g of FeS2
Fe = 1(56)=56
Step 3: S = 2 (32)= 64
Formula = given x conversion factor M M = 120 g

75 g of FeS2

= 1.03 x 10 25 atoms of O2